半胱胺、有机铬和蛋氨酸羟基类似物对奶水牛泌乳性能及血液理化指标的影响
|
摘要
选择8头健康无病的奶水牛作为试验牛，按产犊时间、胎次及产奶量相近的原则随机配对成4组，采用4个周期、4个处理的4×4拉丁方设计，每个试验周期为16天，其中6天为过渡期。处理组分别为对照组、半胱胺组(100mg／kg体重)、有机铬组(0.8mg／kg精料)及蛋氨酸羟基类似物组(35g／d)。试验日粮由象草、麦芽渣、木薯渣和精料补充料组成。研究半胱胺、有机铬、蛋氨酸羟基类似物(MHA)对奶水牛的泌乳性能及其血液生理生化指标的影响。试验结果如下：(1)半胱胺、有机铬、MHA不同程度提高了奶水牛的体重，差异不显著(P＞0.05)。(2)半胱胺、有机铬、MHA对奶水牛泌乳性能没显著性的影响(P＞0.05)。其中半胱胺、有机铬、MHA三个试验组的产奶量均比对照组高，分别提高了3.89％、6.80％、5.90％；半胱胺和有机铬添加组的乳总干物质均比对照组低，而有机铬添加组最低，MHA添加组的乳总干物质比对照组提高了2.25％，效果最好；除了半胱胺处理组比对照组低0.8％外，有机铬和MHA处理组对奶水牛乳成分——乳蛋白的影响都有不同程度的提高，其中有机铬处理组比对照组提高了1.29％，MHA处理组提高了1.55％；半胱胺和有机铬的添加都使奶水牛乳成分中乳脂率呈不同水平的下降，半胱胺组下降的比例最大，达4.08％，有机铬为3.55％；而MHA的效果最好，使奶水牛乳成分中乳脂率提高了8.17％；半胱胺、有机铬、蛋氨酸(MHA)对初产奶水牛(Ⅲ、Ⅳ组)产奶量的影响强于对经产奶水牛(Ⅰ、Ⅱ组)的影响，分别高出4.18％，5.63％，11.31％。(3)半胱胺、有机铬、MHA对奶水牛的血液理化指标呈无规律的变化，但没显著性的差异(P＞0.05)(除MHA对胰岛素(INS)外)。其中，三种添加剂对奶水牛血清总蛋白(TP)均出现下降趋势(半胱胺下降2.8％，有机铬下降11.22％，MHA下降0.82％)，对血脂则都有提高或持平作用(半胱胺提高16.67％，有机铬提高11.11％，
李致宝 中 文 摘 要 广西大学硕士学位论文
MHA持平）；处理组奶水牛血清中无机离子衅、钠、氯、钙、磷）的含量都
比对照组低（除半肤胺处理组对血清钙有提高外）：半肤胺对血清酶的影响
为：谷丙转氨酶＊LT）下降5．28儿 碱性磷酸酶＊LP）下降7．83儿 乳酸
脱氢酶亿DH）提高 0．15儿有机铬对血清酶的影晌为：ALT下降 1．54巩 ALP
提高1．06％、LDH下降0．82％，MHA对血清 酶的影响为：ALT提高1．98％、ALP
持平、LDH提高 10．07协 MHA处理组中，各试验组奶水牛血清催乳素沪RL）、
游离T。（FT。）、INS含量分别比对照组提高了15．38％、1．61％、22．33％，其
中 MHA对 INS有显著性的影响叩狈．05）。有机铬处理组中，血请 PRL、FT。
INS含量分别比对照组提高了 73．8％、6．19％、14．72％，但差异不显著（P＞0．05）。
半肤胺处理组中，血清 PRL浓度比对照组下降了 46．15儿 血清 FT。、INS含
量分别比对照组提高了 1．86％、10．06％。
Eight healthy milk buffaloes were selected and divided four groups randomly according to similar body weight,milk yield,calving time and number.The four groups milk buffaloes were used in a 4x4 latin square trial with four periods and four treatments. Each period was 16 days including 6 days of transition period.Cysteamine (100mg/kg-BW,CS), organic chromium (0.8mg/kg-conc.,OC) and methionine hydroxy analogue (MHA ,35g/d) were supplemented to basal diet (the control group) in order to study the effect of CS,OC and MHA on milk performance and serum biochemical indices of milk buffalo.The results showed as follows:(1)The effect of the three additives on milk buffalo weight was not significant(P>0.05), but had heightening trend.(2) The effect of the three additives on milk performance of milk buffalo was not significant(P>0.05). CS,OC,MHA increased milk yield by 2.07%,6.80%,5.90% respectively; MHA increased total milk solid by 2.25%, CS,OC show declining; OC, MHA increased milk protein by 1.29%, 1.55% respective
ly,CS decreased by 0.8%; MHA increased milk fat by 8.17%, CS, OC decreased by 4.08%,3.55% respectively; The effect of CS, OC, MHA on milk yield of primiparous milk buffalo was more excellent than that of multiparous milk buffalo.(3) The effect of CS,OC,MHA on serum biochemical indices of milk buffalo had no significant difference(P>0.05). CS, OC,MHA decreased serum TP by 2.8%, 11.22%,0.82% respectively; CS,OC increased serum fat by 16.67%, 11.11% respectively, the serum fat of MHA group had the same level as that of control group; The concentration of serum inorganic ion of milk buffalo added by CS, OC, MHA had declining trend except MHA to serum calcium; The effect of CS on serum enzymes is:ALT,ALP decreased by 5.28%, 7.83% respectively,LDH increased by 0.15%; The effect of OC on serum
enzymes is: ALT,LDH decreased by 1.54%,0.82% respectively,ALP increased by 1.06%; The effect of MHA on serum enzymes is:ALT increased by 1.98%, ALP had the same level as that of control group, LDH increased by 10.07%; The concentration of serum PRL,FT3,INS in MHA group and OC group increased by 15.38%,1.61%,22.33% (PO.05) and increased by 73.8%,6.19%,14.72% respectively; The effect of CS on serum hormone is: PRL decreased by 46.15%, FT3 ,INS increased by 1.86%, 10.06% respectively.
李致宝 中 文 摘 要 广西大学硕士学位论文
MHA持平）；处理组奶水牛血清中无机离子衅、钠、氯、钙、磷）的含量都
比对照组低（除半肤胺处理组对血清钙有提高外）：半肤胺对血清酶的影响
为：谷丙转氨酶＊LT）下降5．28儿 碱性磷酸酶＊LP）下降7．83儿 乳酸
脱氢酶亿DH）提高 0．15儿有机铬对血清酶的影晌为：ALT下降 1．54巩 ALP
提高1．06％、LDH下降0．82％，MHA对血清 酶的影响为：ALT提高1．98％、ALP
持平、LDH提高 10．07协 MHA处理组中，各试验组奶水牛血清催乳素沪RL）、
游离T。（FT。）、INS含量分别比对照组提高了15．38％、1．61％、22．33％，其
中 MHA对 INS有显著性的影响叩狈．05）。有机铬处理组中，血请 PRL、FT。
INS含量分别比对照组提高了 73．8％、6．19％、14．72％，但差异不显著（P＞0．05）。
半肤胺处理组中，血清 PRL浓度比对照组下降了 46．15儿 血清 FT。、INS含
量分别比对照组提高了 1．86％、10．06％。
Eight healthy milk buffaloes were selected and divided four groups randomly according to similar body weight,milk yield,calving time and number.The four groups milk buffaloes were used in a 4x4 latin square trial with four periods and four treatments. Each period was 16 days including 6 days of transition period.Cysteamine (100mg/kg-BW,CS), organic chromium (0.8mg/kg-conc.,OC) and methionine hydroxy analogue (MHA ,35g/d) were supplemented to basal diet (the control group) in order to study the effect of CS,OC and MHA on milk performance and serum biochemical indices of milk buffalo.The results showed as follows:(1)The effect of the three additives on milk buffalo weight was not significant(P>0.05), but had heightening trend.(2) The effect of the three additives on milk performance of milk buffalo was not significant(P>0.05). CS,OC,MHA increased milk yield by 2.07%,6.80%,5.90% respectively; MHA increased total milk solid by 2.25%, CS,OC show declining; OC, MHA increased milk protein by 1.29%, 1.55% respective
ly,CS decreased by 0.8%; MHA increased milk fat by 8.17%, CS, OC decreased by 4.08%,3.55% respectively; The effect of CS, OC, MHA on milk yield of primiparous milk buffalo was more excellent than that of multiparous milk buffalo.(3) The effect of CS,OC,MHA on serum biochemical indices of milk buffalo had no significant difference(P>0.05). CS, OC,MHA decreased serum TP by 2.8%, 11.22%,0.82% respectively; CS,OC increased serum fat by 16.67%, 11.11% respectively, the serum fat of MHA group had the same level as that of control group; The concentration of serum inorganic ion of milk buffalo added by CS, OC, MHA had declining trend except MHA to serum calcium; The effect of CS on serum enzymes is:ALT,ALP decreased by 5.28%, 7.83% respectively,LDH increased by 0.15%; The effect of OC on serum
enzymes is: ALT,LDH decreased by 1.54%,0.82% respectively,ALP increased by 1.06%; The effect of MHA on serum enzymes is:ALT increased by 1.98%, ALP had the same level as that of control group, LDH increased by 10.07%; The concentration of serum PRL,FT3,INS in MHA group and OC group increased by 15.38%,1.61%,22.33% (PO.05) and increased by 73.8%,6.19%,14.72% respectively; The effect of CS on serum hormone is: PRL decreased by 46.15%, FT3 ,INS increased by 1.86%, 10.06% respectively.
引文
[1]Millad W J. 1988. Cysteamine～induced depletion of somatostation and prolactin. Federation Proc, 44:2546～2500
[2]杨凤．2001．动物营养学(第二版)，北京：中国农业出版社
[3]程治平．1984．内分泌生理学．北京：人民卫生出版社
[4]Brazeau P.,Vale W.,Burgus R.et al.,1973.Hypothalamic polypeptide that inhibits the secretion of immunoreactive pituitary growth hormone. Science 179, 77-79
[5]Millard W.J.,1989.Central regulation of growth hormone secretion. In Animal Growth Regulation (Edited by Campion D.R.et al. Plenum Press, New York, NY)pp237～255
[6]Rondeel J.M. and Jackson I.D.,1993.Molecular biology of the regulation of hypothalamic hormones.J.Endocrinol. Invest. 16, 219～246
[7]刘均利．1990．半胱胺耗竭体内生长抑素及其机制．生理科学进展，21(3)：271～274
[8]Ceccatelli S, et al.[J].Peptides. 1987,8:371～384
[9]Szabo S.,Reichlin S. 1981. Somatostatin in rat tissue in depleted by cysteamine admistration. Endocrinology, 109: 2255～2257
[10]Sagar S.M., Landry, D.,Millard,W.J. et al., 1982.Depletion of somatostatin～like immunoreactivity in the rat central nervous system by cysteamine. Endocrinology 2:225～231
[11]Cameron,et al.[J].Endocrinology, 1986,119:1292
[12]Martin Kungel et al. 1996. Cysteamine impairs the development of the acoustic startle response in rats: possible role of somatostatin.Neuroscience Letters 202:181～184
[13]Terry L.C. and Craig R., 1985 Cysteamine effects on monoamines, dopamine～β～hydroxylase and the hypothalamic～pituitary axis. Neuroendocrinology.41,467～475
[14]William J M, et al. The effects of cysteamine on thyrotropin and immunoreactive β～endophin secretion in the rat. Endocrinology, 1983,112:509～513
[15]Roland P, et al.[J].Endocrinology, 1992,131:2999～3009
[16]Mcleon K R.,[J]. J Anim Sci,1997,75:3026～3037
[17]林玲，韩正康．1991．生长抑素抑制剂促进大鼠、幼兔生长的研究．中国应用生理学杂志，7(4)：345～347
[18]丁宏标，陈杰，韩正康．1994．CS(87)促进猪生长的研究．南京农业大学学报，17(4)：87～91
[19]王艳玲，陈伟华，韩正康．1997．不同剂量半胱胺对肉用仔鸡增重及血液生长抑素、生长激素含量的影响．中国畜牧杂志，33(4)：11～13
[20]艾晓杰，韩正康．1999．半胱胺对雏鹅生长的影响，中国畜牧杂志，6：43
[21]St-Jacques R., Chapman A., Lacaille J.-C.et al. 1999. Acceleration of ageing-related gliopathic changes and hippocampal dysfunction following intracerebroventricular infusion of cysteamine in adult rats Neuroscience Vol90(3):1103～1113
[22]范自营，王艳玲，惠珍君等．2000．不同剂量半胱胺对绵羊增重及饲料转化效率的影响．动物营养学报，12(1)：62～64
[23]Gallavan R.H.,Jr.,Zavy M.T. and Von Tungeln D.L.et al.,1988.Effects of peroral cysteamine (2～aminoethanethiol) on ovine somatostatin(SRIF),feed intake(FI),thyroxine(T4) and triiodothyronine(T3).J.Anim. Sci,66(Suppl. 1),277
[24]韩正康，林玲．1992．生长抑素耗竭剂—半胱胺促进肉用仔鸡生长的研究．畜牧兽医学报，23(4)：314．
[25]王艳玲，李振田，董秀钿等．1999．半胱胺对奶牛产奶量及血浆生长抑素、生长激素水平的影响．中国畜牧杂志，35(6)：14～15
[26]王艳玲，韩正康．1998．半胱胺对大鼠泌乳量及血液、组织几种激素含量的影响．中国应用生理学杂志，14(1)：46～48
[27]王月影，王艳玲，董秀钿等．1999．半胱胺对奶山羊乳腺发育及血浆有关激素水平的影响．动物营养学报，11(Supple.)144～148
[28]刘宗柱，沈延法，韩正康．1996．半胱胺对绵羊消化代谢的影响．畜牧兽医学报，27(3)：212～219
[29]吴建设．2001．半胱胺对中华宫廷黄鸡生长及相关生理生化指标影响的研究．动物营养学报，13(4)：24～27
[30]韩剑众．2000．生长抑素抑制剂—半胱胺作为饲料添加剂的研究．饲料研究，(8)：8～9
[31]Haroutunian V., Mantin R., and Campbell,G.A.et al., 1987.Cysteamine～induced depletion of somatostatin～like immunoreactivity:effects on behavior, learning, memory and brain neurochemistry, Brain Res.,403:234～24
[32] Szabo S.,Reicblin S.,1986.Somatostation depletion by cysteamine: mechnism and implication for duodenal ulceration. Federation Proc,44:2510～2545
[33] Szabo S., Homer H. C. and Gallagher G. T. 1982 Drug～induced duodenal ulcer: structure activity correlations and pathogenesis. In Drugs and Peptic Ulcer (ed. Pfeiffer C. J.), Vol. 2, pp. 55～74.
[34] Spanngord, Holly; Sheldon, R. Ann; Ferriero, Donna M. 1996. Cysteamine eliminates nitric oxide synthase activity but is not protective to the hypoxic-ischemic neonatal rat brain Neuroscience Letters Volume: 213, Issue: 1, July 26, pp. 41～44
[1] Jeejebhoy, K.N., Chu, R.C., Marliss, E.B., Greenberg, G.R. & Bruce-Robertson, A. 1977. Chromium deficiency, glucose intolerance and neuropathy reversed by chromium supplementation in a patient receiving long-term total parenteral nutrition. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 30, 531～538
[2] Shwartz, K. & Mertz, W. 1959. Chromium (Ⅲ) and the glucose tolerance factor. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysiology 85, 292～295
[3] Mowat DN, etal. Biochemistry Molecular Biology, 1997,118:117～121
[4] Mertz, W., 1993.chromium in human nutrition:a review. J.Nutr., 123:626～433
[5] Mordenti, A., Piva, A. & Piva, G. 1997. Chromium in animal nutrition and possible effects in human health. In Biotechnology in the Feed Industry, Proceedings of Alltech's Thirteenth Annual Symposium, pp. 227～240
[6] Amoikon,E.k. Femandez,J.M.,Southern,L.L.et al. 1995.Effect of chromium tripicolinate on growth,glucose tolerance,insulin sensitivity, plasma metabolites, and growth hormone in pigs.J.Anim. SCI.,73:1123～1130
[7] Chang, G. X., Mallard, B. A., Mowat, D. N. & Gallo, G. F. 1995. Effect of supplemental chromium on antibody responses of newly arrived feeder calves to vaccine and ovalbumin. Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research 60, 140～144
[8] Subiyatno. A. et al. J. Dairy Sci. 1996.79:1436～1445
[9] Page,T.G., Southern, L.L., Ward, T.L. et al. 1992. Effect of chromium picolinate on growth, serum and carass straits, and organ weights of growing finishing pigs from diffentances tralsources. Anim. Sci., 70(supl.l): 235 (Abstr.)
[10] 夏中生，黄俊杰，周正京等．2002．有机铬制剂对生长肥育猪生产性能和胴体品质的影响．广西农业生物科学，21(3)：176～180
[11] Page T.G.,Southern,L.L.,Ward,T.L.et al. 1993.Effect of chromium picolinate on growth and serum and carcass traits of growing-finishing pigs. J Anim. Sci.71:656～662
[12] Lindemann,M.D.,Wood,C.M.,Haroer, A.F.et al.1995.Dietary chromium picolinate additions improve gain:feed and carass characteristicsing growing finishing pigs and increase litter size in reproducing sows. J.Anim. Sci.73:457～465
[13] Lindemann,M.D.and Purser, R.W. 1997.Evaluation of diet ary chromium picolinate supple mentation for growing finishing pigs in a commercial setting. J.Anim. Sci.75(suppl. 1): 67(Abstr.)
[14] 马玉龙，田斌，赵宏斌等．2000．羧酸吡啶铬对肥育猪胴体组成及肉质的影响．饲料工业，21(10)
[15] Green,B.K.et al.1997.Halothanegene,chromium picolinate supple mentation,and sex effects on live animal and carcass characteristics of pigs.J.Anim. Sci.75(suppl. 1):247 (Abstr.)
[16] Komegay, E.T. et al.1997.Supplemental chromium picolinate influences nitrogen balance, dry matter digestibility, and carass straits in growing finishing pigs.J.Anim. Sci.75:1319～1323
[17] Lien,T. et al. 1998.Effect of different protein and limiting amino acid level scouple with a supplement of chromium picolinate on lipid metabblismand carcass characteristics of pigs.J.Anim. Sci.67(3):601～607
[18] 杨晓建，郑黎，蒋宗勇等．2001．吡啶羧酸铬对生长肥育猪生产性能、胴体性状及血清生化指标的影响．广东畜牧兽医科技，26(3)：15～21
[19] Ward T.L, etal. 1993. Effects of dietary on growth, nitrogen balance and body composition of growing broier chicks. Poult Sci, 72(Suppl. 1):37(Abstr)
[20] Hossain, S.M.1995.Effects of chromium yeast on performance carcass quality of broilers.All tech's eleventh annual symposium
[21] Choc,M.1997.Increasing efficiency of lean tissue deposition in broiler chickens. Rural Industries Research and development corporation project UNE～54A, University of New England, Amidale, NSW, Australian
[22] 呙于明，刘彩霓，周毓平等．1998．高温应激对肉仔鸡的影响及补铬的效果研究．畜牧兽医学报，29(4)：229～344
[23] 罗绪刚．1999．饲粮铬对0～3周龄肉鸡生长、血清学生化特性和免疫功能的影响．畜牧兽医学报，30(6)：481～489
[24] 张敏红．2000．吡啶羧酸铬对畜禽抗高温、高产生理性应激效果的研究．饲料博览，12：31～33
[25] Nam. K.T., et al., 1996. the effects of dietary chromium on broiler chicks under heat stress. Proceeding of World's Poultry congress, New Delhi, 79:1278
[26] Kim. Y.H.Y. J. Choi and B.J.chae. 1995.Effects of dietary of chromium pecolinate on growth performance,carcass quality and serum traits in broiler chicks. Asia-Australia journal of animal science.vol(3)341～347
[27] Chang, G. X. & Mowat, D. N. 1992. Supplemental chromium for stressed and growing feeder calves. Journal of Animal Sciences 70, 559～575.
[28] Wright, A.J., Mowat, D.N. and Mallard,B.A. 1994.Supplemental chromium and bovine respiratory disease vaccines for stressed feeder calves. Can. J.Anim. Sci.74:287～295
[29] Kegley, E. B., Spears, J. W. & Brown, T. T. Jr.1996. Immune response and disease resistance of calves fed chromium nicotinic acid complex or chromium chloride. Journal of Dairy Science. 79, 1278～1283.
[30] Mallard, B. A.and Borgs, P.1997. Effects on supplemental trivalent chromium on hormone and immune responses of cattle. In Biotechnology in the Feed Industry, Proceedings of Alltech's Thirteenth Annual Symposium, pp. 241-250. Nottingham: Nottingham University Press.
[31] Moonsie～Shageer, S.and Mowat, D.N.1993. Effects of supplemental chromium on performance, Serum constituents, and immune status of stressed feeder calves. J.Anim. Sci.71:232～238
[32] Mowat,D.N.,Chang,X.and Yang,W.Z.et al.1993.chelated chromium for stressed feeder calves. Can. J.Anim. Sci.73:49～55
[33] Kitchalong L., Femandez,J.M,,Bunting,L.D.et al. 1993. Chromium picolinate supplementation in lamb rations: Effects on performance, nitrogen balance, endocrine and metabolic parameters. J.Anim Sci.71(Suppl. 1):291(abstract)
[34] 李有业．1998．有机铬与畜禽营养需求．兽药与饲料添加剂，3：28
[35] Pier Paolo Gatta., et al., 2001. Dietary organic chromium supplementation and its effect on the immune response of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Fish &: Shellfish Immunology 11, 371～382
[36] 潘庆，毕英佐，颜惜玲等．2002．有机铬对奥尼罗非鱼生长和糖利用的影响．水生生物学报，26(4)：393～399
[1] 北京农业大学．1996．动物生物化学(第二版)．北京：农业出版社，12～15
[2] 李德发主编．2001．中国饲料大全．北京：中国农业出版社，439～443
[3] 张景恩．1999．DL～蛋氨酸生产现状及预测．中国饲料，3：30
[4] 何新宇．2002．青海草业．饲料添加剂蛋氨酸及其生产工艺，11(3)：47～49
[5] 任少锋．1996．蛋氨酸的生产及其应用．河北化工，1：37～38
[6] 王冉．周岩民．1999．动物蛋氨酸营养研究进展．粮食与饲料工业，4：27～31
[7] 张永江，李海，邵立新等．1996．在低豆粕蛋白日粮中添加蛋氨酸对蛋鸡性能的影响．中国家禽，12：2
[8] Esteve～Garcia, E and A. 1999. Eficacia eomparativa de dos fuentes de metionim en credos de engorde. Anapore,enero/99, Miquel, 185:3～7
[9] Lynch, B and M. Rademacher.2000.Substitution of DL～Methionine by Methionine Hydroxy Analogue(MHA) in the diet of weaned pigs Irish Grassland and Animal production Association.26th annual rearch meeting,219～220
[10] Patterson,J.A.and Kung,L.Jr.. 1988.Metabolism of DL～methionine and methionine analogs by ruminal microorganisms.J.Dairy Sci.,71:3292～3301
[11] Reis, P.J., Tunks, D.A., 1978. Effects on wool growth of the infusion of mixtures of amino acids into the abomasum of sheep. J. Agric. Sci. Camb. 90, 173～183.
[12] Mata, G., Masters, D.G., Buscall, D., Street, K., Schlink, A.C., 1995. Responses in wool growth, liveweight, glutathione and amino acids, in merino wethers fed increasing amounts of methionine protected from degradation in the rumen. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 46, 1189～1204.
[13] White, C.L., Young, P., Phillips, N., Rodehutscord, M., 1999. The effect of dietary protein and protected methionine (Lactet) on wool growth and microbial protein synthesis in Merino wethers, submitted for publication.
[14] Rogers,J.A.,Perice-Sandner, S.B.,Papas,A.M.et al. 1989.Production response of dairy cows fed various amounts of rumen～protected methionione and lysine.J.Dairy sci.,72:1800～1817.
[15] Veira, D.M.,Seone,J.R.and Prolux,J.G.et al. 1991. Utilization of grass silage by growing cattle:effect of a supplement containing ruminally protected amino acids. J. Anim. Sci.. 69: 4703～4709
[16] R. Puchala, S.G. Pierzynowski 1, T. Sahlu. 1998. Effects of methionine and hormones on amino acid concentration in the skin of Angora goats. Small Ruminant Research. 29: 93-102
[17] Tsiagbe,V.K. et al. 1987a. Efficiency of Cysteine in Replacing Methionine in the Immune Responses of Broiler Chicks. Poultry Sci. 66:1138～1146
[18] Tsiagbe,V.K. et al. 1987b. Enhanced Immune Responses of Broiler Chicks Fed Methionine Supplemented Diets. Poultry Sci. 58:1147～1154
[19] Klasing, K.C. and Barnes, D.M. 1988. Decreased Amino Acid Requirements of Growing Chicks due to Immunological Stress. J. Nutri. 118:1158～1164
[20] 姜淑贞，杨在宾，杨维仁等．2001．蛋氨酸在反刍动物日粮中的应用．山东畜牧兽医，9：43～44
[1] 史荣仙主编．1994．水牛学．北京：中国农业出版社
[2] 罗运泉．1994．印度发展水牛奶业的基本经验．湖南畜牧兽医杂志，4：25～26
[3] 刘晓辉，林明基，欧茶海等．2001．意大利的水牛奶业．河北畜牧兽医，9：39～40
[4] 中国赴巴基斯坦水牛奶业考察团．1994．巴基斯坦水牛业．世界农业，3：18
[5] 张永发，林树斌，吴秋豪．2002．大力开发水牛奶源，促进广东奶业发展．广东畜牧兽医科技，3：3～6
[6] 贵州农学院主编．1999．生物统计附试验设计(第二版)．北京：中国农业出版社
[7] 杨诗兴主编．1982．饲料营养价值评定方法．甘肃：甘肃人民出版社
[8] 韩刚，丁庆波．1993．中国水牛奶理化性状研究．华南农业大学学报，15(4)：92～97
[9] 黄伟坤主编．1989．食品检验与分析．北京：轻工业出版社
[10] 王月影，王艳玲，董秀钿等．1999半胱胺对奶山羊乳腺发育及血浆有关激素水平的影响．动物营养学报，11(Supple．)144～148
[11] 东方人华主编．1999．Office2000中文版入门与提高．北京：清华大学出版社
[12] 黄海，罗友丰，陈志英等．2001．SPSS10.0 for Windows统计分析．北京：人民邮电出版社
[13] Chang, G. X. & Mowat, D. N.. 1992. Supplemental chromium for stressed and growing feeder calves. Journal of Animal Sciences 70, 559～575
[14]Wright, A.J.,Mowat,D.N.and Mallard,B.A. 1994.Supplemental chromium and bovine respiratory disease vaccines for stressed feeder calves. Can.J.Anim. Sci.74:287～295
[15]夏中生，黄俊杰，周正京等．2002．有机铬制剂对生长肥育猪生产性能和胴体品质的影响．广西农业生物科学，21(3)：176-180
[16]高腾云．2001．半胱胺对肉牛增重、采食量和血液激素水平的影响．华中农业大学学报，20(3)：259～261
[17]管武太译．1995．蛋氨酸水平对早期断奶仔猪生产性能的影响．中国饲料，11：32～33
[18]韩刚，丁庆波，巨智勇等．1994．中国水牛泌乳性能的调查研究．中国畜牧杂志，30(6)：13～14
[19]Subiyatno．A．etal．J．DairySci．1996．79：1436-1445
[20]王艳玲，韩正康．1998．半胱胺对大鼠泌乳量及血液、组织几种激素含量的影响．中国应用生理学杂志，14(1)：46～48
[21]王运亨，张振山，唐玉生等．1999．奶牛日粮添加保护性蛋氨酸试验．中国奶牛，3：26～27
[22]崔立，陆天水，陈锋等．2001．半胱胺制剂对奶牛产奶性能的影响．上海交通大学学报(农业科学版)．，19(4)：271～275
[23]王艳玲，李振田，董秀钿等．1999．半胱胺对奶牛产奶量及血浆生长抑素、生长激素水平的影响．中国畜牧杂志．，6：14～15
[24]刘宗柱，沈延法，韩正康．1996．半胱胺对绵羊消化代谢的影响．畜牧兽医学报，27(3)：212～219
[25]李绍钰，魏凤仙，吴胜耀等．1999．有机铬改善高温季节下奶牛生产性能的研究．中国奶牛，5：18～19
[26]Rogers,J.A.,Perice-Sandner, S.B.,Papas,A.M.et al. 1989.Production response of dairy cows fed various amounts of rumen-protected methionione and lysine.J.Dairy sci.,72:1800～1817
[27]周杰，骆先虎，檀其梅等．1997．高温对肉仔鸡生产性能和某些血清生化指标的影响．畜牧与兽医，29(2)：57～59
[28]易中华．2000．蛋鸡的热应激及营养调控．饲料博览，5：28～29
[29]刘凤华．1997．高温对蛋鸡血液理化指标及生长性能的影响．中国畜牧杂志，33(5)：23～25
[30]刘铀，刘艳芬，林红英等．1999．维生素E防治肉鸡热应激机理的初步研究．中国家禽，21(6)：6～9
[31]顾宪红．1995．高温对蛋鸡生产性能和血浆皮质醇、甲状腺素、孕酮水平的影响．畜牧兽医学报，26(2)：109～115
[2]杨凤．2001．动物营养学(第二版)，北京：中国农业出版社
[3]程治平．1984．内分泌生理学．北京：人民卫生出版社
[4]Brazeau P.,Vale W.,Burgus R.et al.,1973.Hypothalamic polypeptide that inhibits the secretion of immunoreactive pituitary growth hormone. Science 179, 77-79
[5]Millard W.J.,1989.Central regulation of growth hormone secretion. In Animal Growth Regulation (Edited by Campion D.R.et al. Plenum Press, New York, NY)pp237～255
[6]Rondeel J.M. and Jackson I.D.,1993.Molecular biology of the regulation of hypothalamic hormones.J.Endocrinol. Invest. 16, 219～246
[7]刘均利．1990．半胱胺耗竭体内生长抑素及其机制．生理科学进展，21(3)：271～274
[8]Ceccatelli S, et al.[J].Peptides. 1987,8:371～384
[9]Szabo S.,Reichlin S. 1981. Somatostatin in rat tissue in depleted by cysteamine admistration. Endocrinology, 109: 2255～2257
[10]Sagar S.M., Landry, D.,Millard,W.J. et al., 1982.Depletion of somatostatin～like immunoreactivity in the rat central nervous system by cysteamine. Endocrinology 2:225～231
[11]Cameron,et al.[J].Endocrinology, 1986,119:1292
[12]Martin Kungel et al. 1996. Cysteamine impairs the development of the acoustic startle response in rats: possible role of somatostatin.Neuroscience Letters 202:181～184
[13]Terry L.C. and Craig R., 1985 Cysteamine effects on monoamines, dopamine～β～hydroxylase and the hypothalamic～pituitary axis. Neuroendocrinology.41,467～475
[14]William J M, et al. The effects of cysteamine on thyrotropin and immunoreactive β～endophin secretion in the rat. Endocrinology, 1983,112:509～513
[15]Roland P, et al.[J].Endocrinology, 1992,131:2999～3009
[16]Mcleon K R.,[J]. J Anim Sci,1997,75:3026～3037
[17]林玲，韩正康．1991．生长抑素抑制剂促进大鼠、幼兔生长的研究．中国应用生理学杂志，7(4)：345～347
[18]丁宏标，陈杰，韩正康．1994．CS(87)促进猪生长的研究．南京农业大学学报，17(4)：87～91
[19]王艳玲，陈伟华，韩正康．1997．不同剂量半胱胺对肉用仔鸡增重及血液生长抑素、生长激素含量的影响．中国畜牧杂志，33(4)：11～13
[20]艾晓杰，韩正康．1999．半胱胺对雏鹅生长的影响，中国畜牧杂志，6：43
[21]St-Jacques R., Chapman A., Lacaille J.-C.et al. 1999. Acceleration of ageing-related gliopathic changes and hippocampal dysfunction following intracerebroventricular infusion of cysteamine in adult rats Neuroscience Vol90(3):1103～1113
[22]范自营，王艳玲，惠珍君等．2000．不同剂量半胱胺对绵羊增重及饲料转化效率的影响．动物营养学报，12(1)：62～64
[23]Gallavan R.H.,Jr.,Zavy M.T. and Von Tungeln D.L.et al.,1988.Effects of peroral cysteamine (2～aminoethanethiol) on ovine somatostatin(SRIF),feed intake(FI),thyroxine(T4) and triiodothyronine(T3).J.Anim. Sci,66(Suppl. 1),277
[24]韩正康，林玲．1992．生长抑素耗竭剂—半胱胺促进肉用仔鸡生长的研究．畜牧兽医学报，23(4)：314．
[25]王艳玲，李振田，董秀钿等．1999．半胱胺对奶牛产奶量及血浆生长抑素、生长激素水平的影响．中国畜牧杂志，35(6)：14～15
[26]王艳玲，韩正康．1998．半胱胺对大鼠泌乳量及血液、组织几种激素含量的影响．中国应用生理学杂志，14(1)：46～48
[27]王月影，王艳玲，董秀钿等．1999．半胱胺对奶山羊乳腺发育及血浆有关激素水平的影响．动物营养学报，11(Supple.)144～148
[28]刘宗柱，沈延法，韩正康．1996．半胱胺对绵羊消化代谢的影响．畜牧兽医学报，27(3)：212～219
[29]吴建设．2001．半胱胺对中华宫廷黄鸡生长及相关生理生化指标影响的研究．动物营养学报，13(4)：24～27
[30]韩剑众．2000．生长抑素抑制剂—半胱胺作为饲料添加剂的研究．饲料研究，(8)：8～9
[31]Haroutunian V., Mantin R., and Campbell,G.A.et al., 1987.Cysteamine～induced depletion of somatostatin～like immunoreactivity:effects on behavior, learning, memory and brain neurochemistry, Brain Res.,403:234～24
[32] Szabo S.,Reicblin S.,1986.Somatostation depletion by cysteamine: mechnism and implication for duodenal ulceration. Federation Proc,44:2510～2545
[33] Szabo S., Homer H. C. and Gallagher G. T. 1982 Drug～induced duodenal ulcer: structure activity correlations and pathogenesis. In Drugs and Peptic Ulcer (ed. Pfeiffer C. J.), Vol. 2, pp. 55～74.
[34] Spanngord, Holly; Sheldon, R. Ann; Ferriero, Donna M. 1996. Cysteamine eliminates nitric oxide synthase activity but is not protective to the hypoxic-ischemic neonatal rat brain Neuroscience Letters Volume: 213, Issue: 1, July 26, pp. 41～44
[1] Jeejebhoy, K.N., Chu, R.C., Marliss, E.B., Greenberg, G.R. & Bruce-Robertson, A. 1977. Chromium deficiency, glucose intolerance and neuropathy reversed by chromium supplementation in a patient receiving long-term total parenteral nutrition. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 30, 531～538
[2] Shwartz, K. & Mertz, W. 1959. Chromium (Ⅲ) and the glucose tolerance factor. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysiology 85, 292～295
[3] Mowat DN, etal. Biochemistry Molecular Biology, 1997,118:117～121
[4] Mertz, W., 1993.chromium in human nutrition:a review. J.Nutr., 123:626～433
[5] Mordenti, A., Piva, A. & Piva, G. 1997. Chromium in animal nutrition and possible effects in human health. In Biotechnology in the Feed Industry, Proceedings of Alltech's Thirteenth Annual Symposium, pp. 227～240
[6] Amoikon,E.k. Femandez,J.M.,Southern,L.L.et al. 1995.Effect of chromium tripicolinate on growth,glucose tolerance,insulin sensitivity, plasma metabolites, and growth hormone in pigs.J.Anim. SCI.,73:1123～1130
[7] Chang, G. X., Mallard, B. A., Mowat, D. N. & Gallo, G. F. 1995. Effect of supplemental chromium on antibody responses of newly arrived feeder calves to vaccine and ovalbumin. Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research 60, 140～144
[8] Subiyatno. A. et al. J. Dairy Sci. 1996.79:1436～1445
[9] Page,T.G., Southern, L.L., Ward, T.L. et al. 1992. Effect of chromium picolinate on growth, serum and carass straits, and organ weights of growing finishing pigs from diffentances tralsources. Anim. Sci., 70(supl.l): 235 (Abstr.)
[10] 夏中生，黄俊杰，周正京等．2002．有机铬制剂对生长肥育猪生产性能和胴体品质的影响．广西农业生物科学，21(3)：176～180
[11] Page T.G.,Southern,L.L.,Ward,T.L.et al. 1993.Effect of chromium picolinate on growth and serum and carcass traits of growing-finishing pigs. J Anim. Sci.71:656～662
[12] Lindemann,M.D.,Wood,C.M.,Haroer, A.F.et al.1995.Dietary chromium picolinate additions improve gain:feed and carass characteristicsing growing finishing pigs and increase litter size in reproducing sows. J.Anim. Sci.73:457～465
[13] Lindemann,M.D.and Purser, R.W. 1997.Evaluation of diet ary chromium picolinate supple mentation for growing finishing pigs in a commercial setting. J.Anim. Sci.75(suppl. 1): 67(Abstr.)
[14] 马玉龙，田斌，赵宏斌等．2000．羧酸吡啶铬对肥育猪胴体组成及肉质的影响．饲料工业，21(10)
[15] Green,B.K.et al.1997.Halothanegene,chromium picolinate supple mentation,and sex effects on live animal and carcass characteristics of pigs.J.Anim. Sci.75(suppl. 1):247 (Abstr.)
[16] Komegay, E.T. et al.1997.Supplemental chromium picolinate influences nitrogen balance, dry matter digestibility, and carass straits in growing finishing pigs.J.Anim. Sci.75:1319～1323
[17] Lien,T. et al. 1998.Effect of different protein and limiting amino acid level scouple with a supplement of chromium picolinate on lipid metabblismand carcass characteristics of pigs.J.Anim. Sci.67(3):601～607
[18] 杨晓建，郑黎，蒋宗勇等．2001．吡啶羧酸铬对生长肥育猪生产性能、胴体性状及血清生化指标的影响．广东畜牧兽医科技，26(3)：15～21
[19] Ward T.L, etal. 1993. Effects of dietary on growth, nitrogen balance and body composition of growing broier chicks. Poult Sci, 72(Suppl. 1):37(Abstr)
[20] Hossain, S.M.1995.Effects of chromium yeast on performance carcass quality of broilers.All tech's eleventh annual symposium
[21] Choc,M.1997.Increasing efficiency of lean tissue deposition in broiler chickens. Rural Industries Research and development corporation project UNE～54A, University of New England, Amidale, NSW, Australian
[22] 呙于明，刘彩霓，周毓平等．1998．高温应激对肉仔鸡的影响及补铬的效果研究．畜牧兽医学报，29(4)：229～344
[23] 罗绪刚．1999．饲粮铬对0～3周龄肉鸡生长、血清学生化特性和免疫功能的影响．畜牧兽医学报，30(6)：481～489
[24] 张敏红．2000．吡啶羧酸铬对畜禽抗高温、高产生理性应激效果的研究．饲料博览，12：31～33
[25] Nam. K.T., et al., 1996. the effects of dietary chromium on broiler chicks under heat stress. Proceeding of World's Poultry congress, New Delhi, 79:1278
[26] Kim. Y.H.Y. J. Choi and B.J.chae. 1995.Effects of dietary of chromium pecolinate on growth performance,carcass quality and serum traits in broiler chicks. Asia-Australia journal of animal science.vol(3)341～347
[27] Chang, G. X. & Mowat, D. N. 1992. Supplemental chromium for stressed and growing feeder calves. Journal of Animal Sciences 70, 559～575.
[28] Wright, A.J., Mowat, D.N. and Mallard,B.A. 1994.Supplemental chromium and bovine respiratory disease vaccines for stressed feeder calves. Can. J.Anim. Sci.74:287～295
[29] Kegley, E. B., Spears, J. W. & Brown, T. T. Jr.1996. Immune response and disease resistance of calves fed chromium nicotinic acid complex or chromium chloride. Journal of Dairy Science. 79, 1278～1283.
[30] Mallard, B. A.and Borgs, P.1997. Effects on supplemental trivalent chromium on hormone and immune responses of cattle. In Biotechnology in the Feed Industry, Proceedings of Alltech's Thirteenth Annual Symposium, pp. 241-250. Nottingham: Nottingham University Press.
[31] Moonsie～Shageer, S.and Mowat, D.N.1993. Effects of supplemental chromium on performance, Serum constituents, and immune status of stressed feeder calves. J.Anim. Sci.71:232～238
[32] Mowat,D.N.,Chang,X.and Yang,W.Z.et al.1993.chelated chromium for stressed feeder calves. Can. J.Anim. Sci.73:49～55
[33] Kitchalong L., Femandez,J.M,,Bunting,L.D.et al. 1993. Chromium picolinate supplementation in lamb rations: Effects on performance, nitrogen balance, endocrine and metabolic parameters. J.Anim Sci.71(Suppl. 1):291(abstract)
[34] 李有业．1998．有机铬与畜禽营养需求．兽药与饲料添加剂，3：28
[35] Pier Paolo Gatta., et al., 2001. Dietary organic chromium supplementation and its effect on the immune response of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Fish &: Shellfish Immunology 11, 371～382
[36] 潘庆，毕英佐，颜惜玲等．2002．有机铬对奥尼罗非鱼生长和糖利用的影响．水生生物学报，26(4)：393～399
[1] 北京农业大学．1996．动物生物化学(第二版)．北京：农业出版社，12～15
[2] 李德发主编．2001．中国饲料大全．北京：中国农业出版社，439～443
[3] 张景恩．1999．DL～蛋氨酸生产现状及预测．中国饲料，3：30
[4] 何新宇．2002．青海草业．饲料添加剂蛋氨酸及其生产工艺，11(3)：47～49
[5] 任少锋．1996．蛋氨酸的生产及其应用．河北化工，1：37～38
[6] 王冉．周岩民．1999．动物蛋氨酸营养研究进展．粮食与饲料工业，4：27～31
[7] 张永江，李海，邵立新等．1996．在低豆粕蛋白日粮中添加蛋氨酸对蛋鸡性能的影响．中国家禽，12：2
[8] Esteve～Garcia, E and A. 1999. Eficacia eomparativa de dos fuentes de metionim en credos de engorde. Anapore,enero/99, Miquel, 185:3～7
[9] Lynch, B and M. Rademacher.2000.Substitution of DL～Methionine by Methionine Hydroxy Analogue(MHA) in the diet of weaned pigs Irish Grassland and Animal production Association.26th annual rearch meeting,219～220
[10] Patterson,J.A.and Kung,L.Jr.. 1988.Metabolism of DL～methionine and methionine analogs by ruminal microorganisms.J.Dairy Sci.,71:3292～3301
[11] Reis, P.J., Tunks, D.A., 1978. Effects on wool growth of the infusion of mixtures of amino acids into the abomasum of sheep. J. Agric. Sci. Camb. 90, 173～183.
[12] Mata, G., Masters, D.G., Buscall, D., Street, K., Schlink, A.C., 1995. Responses in wool growth, liveweight, glutathione and amino acids, in merino wethers fed increasing amounts of methionine protected from degradation in the rumen. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 46, 1189～1204.
[13] White, C.L., Young, P., Phillips, N., Rodehutscord, M., 1999. The effect of dietary protein and protected methionine (Lactet) on wool growth and microbial protein synthesis in Merino wethers, submitted for publication.
[14] Rogers,J.A.,Perice-Sandner, S.B.,Papas,A.M.et al. 1989.Production response of dairy cows fed various amounts of rumen～protected methionione and lysine.J.Dairy sci.,72:1800～1817.
[15] Veira, D.M.,Seone,J.R.and Prolux,J.G.et al. 1991. Utilization of grass silage by growing cattle:effect of a supplement containing ruminally protected amino acids. J. Anim. Sci.. 69: 4703～4709
[16] R. Puchala, S.G. Pierzynowski 1, T. Sahlu. 1998. Effects of methionine and hormones on amino acid concentration in the skin of Angora goats. Small Ruminant Research. 29: 93-102
[17] Tsiagbe,V.K. et al. 1987a. Efficiency of Cysteine in Replacing Methionine in the Immune Responses of Broiler Chicks. Poultry Sci. 66:1138～1146
[18] Tsiagbe,V.K. et al. 1987b. Enhanced Immune Responses of Broiler Chicks Fed Methionine Supplemented Diets. Poultry Sci. 58:1147～1154
[19] Klasing, K.C. and Barnes, D.M. 1988. Decreased Amino Acid Requirements of Growing Chicks due to Immunological Stress. J. Nutri. 118:1158～1164
[20] 姜淑贞，杨在宾，杨维仁等．2001．蛋氨酸在反刍动物日粮中的应用．山东畜牧兽医，9：43～44
[1] 史荣仙主编．1994．水牛学．北京：中国农业出版社
[2] 罗运泉．1994．印度发展水牛奶业的基本经验．湖南畜牧兽医杂志，4：25～26
[3] 刘晓辉，林明基，欧茶海等．2001．意大利的水牛奶业．河北畜牧兽医，9：39～40
[4] 中国赴巴基斯坦水牛奶业考察团．1994．巴基斯坦水牛业．世界农业，3：18
[5] 张永发，林树斌，吴秋豪．2002．大力开发水牛奶源，促进广东奶业发展．广东畜牧兽医科技，3：3～6
[6] 贵州农学院主编．1999．生物统计附试验设计(第二版)．北京：中国农业出版社
[7] 杨诗兴主编．1982．饲料营养价值评定方法．甘肃：甘肃人民出版社
[8] 韩刚，丁庆波．1993．中国水牛奶理化性状研究．华南农业大学学报，15(4)：92～97
[9] 黄伟坤主编．1989．食品检验与分析．北京：轻工业出版社
[10] 王月影，王艳玲，董秀钿等．1999半胱胺对奶山羊乳腺发育及血浆有关激素水平的影响．动物营养学报，11(Supple．)144～148
[11] 东方人华主编．1999．Office2000中文版入门与提高．北京：清华大学出版社
[12] 黄海，罗友丰，陈志英等．2001．SPSS10.0 for Windows统计分析．北京：人民邮电出版社
[13] Chang, G. X. & Mowat, D. N.. 1992. Supplemental chromium for stressed and growing feeder calves. Journal of Animal Sciences 70, 559～575
[14]Wright, A.J.,Mowat,D.N.and Mallard,B.A. 1994.Supplemental chromium and bovine respiratory disease vaccines for stressed feeder calves. Can.J.Anim. Sci.74:287～295
[15]夏中生，黄俊杰，周正京等．2002．有机铬制剂对生长肥育猪生产性能和胴体品质的影响．广西农业生物科学，21(3)：176-180
[16]高腾云．2001．半胱胺对肉牛增重、采食量和血液激素水平的影响．华中农业大学学报，20(3)：259～261
[17]管武太译．1995．蛋氨酸水平对早期断奶仔猪生产性能的影响．中国饲料，11：32～33
[18]韩刚，丁庆波，巨智勇等．1994．中国水牛泌乳性能的调查研究．中国畜牧杂志，30(6)：13～14
[19]Subiyatno．A．etal．J．DairySci．1996．79：1436-1445
[20]王艳玲，韩正康．1998．半胱胺对大鼠泌乳量及血液、组织几种激素含量的影响．中国应用生理学杂志，14(1)：46～48
[21]王运亨，张振山，唐玉生等．1999．奶牛日粮添加保护性蛋氨酸试验．中国奶牛，3：26～27
[22]崔立，陆天水，陈锋等．2001．半胱胺制剂对奶牛产奶性能的影响．上海交通大学学报(农业科学版)．，19(4)：271～275
[23]王艳玲，李振田，董秀钿等．1999．半胱胺对奶牛产奶量及血浆生长抑素、生长激素水平的影响．中国畜牧杂志．，6：14～15
[24]刘宗柱，沈延法，韩正康．1996．半胱胺对绵羊消化代谢的影响．畜牧兽医学报，27(3)：212～219
[25]李绍钰，魏凤仙，吴胜耀等．1999．有机铬改善高温季节下奶牛生产性能的研究．中国奶牛，5：18～19
[26]Rogers,J.A.,Perice-Sandner, S.B.,Papas,A.M.et al. 1989.Production response of dairy cows fed various amounts of rumen-protected methionione and lysine.J.Dairy sci.,72:1800～1817
[27]周杰，骆先虎，檀其梅等．1997．高温对肉仔鸡生产性能和某些血清生化指标的影响．畜牧与兽医，29(2)：57～59
[28]易中华．2000．蛋鸡的热应激及营养调控．饲料博览，5：28～29
[29]刘凤华．1997．高温对蛋鸡血液理化指标及生长性能的影响．中国畜牧杂志，33(5)：23～25
[30]刘铀，刘艳芬，林红英等．1999．维生素E防治肉鸡热应激机理的初步研究．中国家禽，21(6)：6～9
[31]顾宪红．1995．高温对蛋鸡生产性能和血浆皮质醇、甲状腺素、孕酮水平的影响．畜牧兽医学报，26(2)：109～115