日粮蛋白质水平对绵羊营养物质消化吸收的影响
摘要
选取3只体重约为35千克的装有永久性瘤胃、十二指肠和回肠瘘管的雄性成年新疆美利奴绵羊，饲喂粗蛋白水平分别为7.0%、10.0%、12.8%和15.5%的日粮，收集各实验期每只羊的十二指肠和回肠食糜，以木质素为标记物，测定食糜流量和养分流量，研究日粮蛋白质水平是否对绵羊营养物质前胃消化和小肠吸收有影响。
结果表明，绵羊饲喂蛋白质水平分别为7.0%，10.0%，12.8%和15.5%的日粮，前胃粗蛋白消失率分别为-49.44±18.04，2.48±13.75，15.34±10.09和25.08±8.58%，纤维素消化率分别为72.0±3.6，76.2±2.6，82.3±2.0和81.7±3.3%，半纤维素消化率分别为76.5±3.8，73.9±3.6，69.8±3.9和66.5±4.3%。
到达小肠的粗蛋白分别为摄入粗蛋白量的149.44±18.04，97.52±13.75，84.66±10.96和74.92±8.58%，其中过瘤胃蛋白分别为37.33±14.25，29.88±12.93，38.43±2.61和31.17±7.29%，微生物蛋白分别为109.70±6.25，63.45±4.05，42.36±7.86和39.21±2.48%。到达小肠的有机物分别为所采食的43.87±3.47，43.35±4.36，43.71±4.15和45.67±3.21%。
小肠粗蛋白表观消化吸收率分别为所采食粗蛋白的134.76±19.32，78.43±14.81，66.20±11.53和55.07±8.72%，到达小肠的总氨基酸率分别为采食粗蛋白的96.04±7.0，78.06±14.7，59.74±5.3和54.12±5.7%，其消化吸收率分别为到达小肠总氨基酸的86.04±2.05，81.73±4.26，82.02±1.56和81.88±3.26%。小肠有机物表观消化吸收率分别为所采食的29.0±3.3，27.6±5.2，29.7±4.4和31.0±3.8%。
本研究表明，日粮粗蛋白质水平影响前胃粗蛋白质的消失率（Y=8.4326X-97.134，r=0.8686），从而影响到达小肠的总粗蛋白率（Y=-8.4326X+197.13，r=0.8686）和到达小肠的总氨基酸率（Y=-5.1098X+129.86，r=0.8966），也影响到达小肠的微生物蛋白率（Y=-8.2951X+157.62，r=0.9204）。但日粮粗蛋白质水平对前胃有机物消失率、纤维素和半纤维素的消化率均无显著影响。因此，在估算日粮粗蛋白在前胃的消失程度、到达小肠的粗蛋白质率及氨基酸率前胃微生物产率时，应把日粮的粗蛋白质水平及采食粗蛋白量作为影响因素之一进行考虑。
Three mature male Merino sheep(about 35 kilograms) fitted with permanent cannula in the rumen，T-type cannula at the proximal duodenum and terminal ileum were fed with different protein levels diets. The levels were respectively 7.0%,10.0%,12.8% and 15.5%. Collecting each sheep,s passage in the deudeum and ileum during each experiment. Lignin was used as marker. The research was concerned about if feed protein levels could effect on nutrient digestion in forestomach and absorption in small intestine to measure flow of passage and nutrients.
The results showed that when the sheep were fed with 7.0%,10.0%,12.8%and15.5% protein level diets respectively, their CP degradation in forestomachs were -49.44±18.04,2.48±13.75,15.34±10.09and25.08±8.58% respectively, cellulose digestibility were 72.0±3.6,76.2±2.6,82.3±2.0and81.7±3.3% respectively, half-cellulose digestibility were 76.5±3.8,73.9±3.6,69.8±3.9and66.5±4.3% respectively.
The rate CP flowing to the small intestine of intake CP were 149.44±18.04,97.52±13.75,84.66±10.96and74.92±8.58% respectively, RUP rate of the total protein were 37.33±14.25,29.88±12.93,38.43±2.61and31.17±7.29% respectively, MCP rate were109.70±6.25,63.45±4.05,42.36±7.86and39.21±2.48% respectively, OM of passage were43.87±3.47,43.35±4.36,43.71±4.15and45.67±3.21% respectively.
Apparent digestibility of CP in small intestine were 134.76±19.32,78.43±14.81, 66.20±11.53and55.07±8.72% respectively, The total amino acid reaching small intestine of intake CP were96.04±7.0,78.06±14.7,59.74±5.3and54.12±5.7% respectively, and digestibility of it were86.04±2.05,81.73±4.26,82.02±1.56and81.88±3.26% respectively, The apparent aborptivity of OM in small intestine were29.0±3.3,27.6±5.2,29.7±4.4and31.0±3.8% respectively.
The results of experiment showed that the CP levels of diets affected the degradation of CP in forestomachs (Y=8.4326x-97.134,r=0.8686),therefore they affected the total CP rate (Y=-8.4326x+197.13,r=0.8686)and the whole amino acid rate(Y=-5.1098x+129.86, r=0.8966)flowing to small intestine and MCP rate (Y=-8.2951x+157.62，r=0.9204). But they have no apparent effect on the OM degradation, digestibility of cellulose and half-cellulose in forestomachs . So we should regard diet CP level and intake CP as one of the effective factors when evaluating the CP of diets degradation degree in forestomachs , the CP rate flowing to the small intestine ,the amino rate and the productive rate of microorganism in forestomachs.
结果表明，绵羊饲喂蛋白质水平分别为7.0%，10.0%，12.8%和15.5%的日粮，前胃粗蛋白消失率分别为-49.44±18.04，2.48±13.75，15.34±10.09和25.08±8.58%，纤维素消化率分别为72.0±3.6，76.2±2.6，82.3±2.0和81.7±3.3%，半纤维素消化率分别为76.5±3.8，73.9±3.6，69.8±3.9和66.5±4.3%。
到达小肠的粗蛋白分别为摄入粗蛋白量的149.44±18.04，97.52±13.75，84.66±10.96和74.92±8.58%，其中过瘤胃蛋白分别为37.33±14.25，29.88±12.93，38.43±2.61和31.17±7.29%，微生物蛋白分别为109.70±6.25，63.45±4.05，42.36±7.86和39.21±2.48%。到达小肠的有机物分别为所采食的43.87±3.47，43.35±4.36，43.71±4.15和45.67±3.21%。
小肠粗蛋白表观消化吸收率分别为所采食粗蛋白的134.76±19.32，78.43±14.81，66.20±11.53和55.07±8.72%，到达小肠的总氨基酸率分别为采食粗蛋白的96.04±7.0，78.06±14.7，59.74±5.3和54.12±5.7%，其消化吸收率分别为到达小肠总氨基酸的86.04±2.05，81.73±4.26，82.02±1.56和81.88±3.26%。小肠有机物表观消化吸收率分别为所采食的29.0±3.3，27.6±5.2，29.7±4.4和31.0±3.8%。
本研究表明，日粮粗蛋白质水平影响前胃粗蛋白质的消失率（Y=8.4326X-97.134，r=0.8686），从而影响到达小肠的总粗蛋白率（Y=-8.4326X+197.13，r=0.8686）和到达小肠的总氨基酸率（Y=-5.1098X+129.86，r=0.8966），也影响到达小肠的微生物蛋白率（Y=-8.2951X+157.62，r=0.9204）。但日粮粗蛋白质水平对前胃有机物消失率、纤维素和半纤维素的消化率均无显著影响。因此，在估算日粮粗蛋白在前胃的消失程度、到达小肠的粗蛋白质率及氨基酸率前胃微生物产率时，应把日粮的粗蛋白质水平及采食粗蛋白量作为影响因素之一进行考虑。
Three mature male Merino sheep(about 35 kilograms) fitted with permanent cannula in the rumen，T-type cannula at the proximal duodenum and terminal ileum were fed with different protein levels diets. The levels were respectively 7.0%,10.0%,12.8% and 15.5%. Collecting each sheep,s passage in the deudeum and ileum during each experiment. Lignin was used as marker. The research was concerned about if feed protein levels could effect on nutrient digestion in forestomach and absorption in small intestine to measure flow of passage and nutrients.
The results showed that when the sheep were fed with 7.0%,10.0%,12.8%and15.5% protein level diets respectively, their CP degradation in forestomachs were -49.44±18.04,2.48±13.75,15.34±10.09and25.08±8.58% respectively, cellulose digestibility were 72.0±3.6,76.2±2.6,82.3±2.0and81.7±3.3% respectively, half-cellulose digestibility were 76.5±3.8,73.9±3.6,69.8±3.9and66.5±4.3% respectively.
The rate CP flowing to the small intestine of intake CP were 149.44±18.04,97.52±13.75,84.66±10.96and74.92±8.58% respectively, RUP rate of the total protein were 37.33±14.25,29.88±12.93,38.43±2.61and31.17±7.29% respectively, MCP rate were109.70±6.25,63.45±4.05,42.36±7.86and39.21±2.48% respectively, OM of passage were43.87±3.47,43.35±4.36,43.71±4.15and45.67±3.21% respectively.
Apparent digestibility of CP in small intestine were 134.76±19.32,78.43±14.81, 66.20±11.53and55.07±8.72% respectively, The total amino acid reaching small intestine of intake CP were96.04±7.0,78.06±14.7,59.74±5.3and54.12±5.7% respectively, and digestibility of it were86.04±2.05,81.73±4.26,82.02±1.56and81.88±3.26% respectively, The apparent aborptivity of OM in small intestine were29.0±3.3,27.6±5.2,29.7±4.4and31.0±3.8% respectively.
The results of experiment showed that the CP levels of diets affected the degradation of CP in forestomachs (Y=8.4326x-97.134,r=0.8686),therefore they affected the total CP rate (Y=-8.4326x+197.13,r=0.8686)and the whole amino acid rate(Y=-5.1098x+129.86, r=0.8966)flowing to small intestine and MCP rate (Y=-8.2951x+157.62，r=0.9204). But they have no apparent effect on the OM degradation, digestibility of cellulose and half-cellulose in forestomachs . So we should regard diet CP level and intake CP as one of the effective factors when evaluating the CP of diets degradation degree in forestomachs , the CP rate flowing to the small intestine ,the amino rate and the productive rate of microorganism in forestomachs.
引文
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2、陈友康.1991.提高反刍动物瘤胃微生物蛋白质产量的新构思.西南民族学院学报（自然科学版），17（3）：109-113
3、方江卫等.1989.过瘤胃蛋白质、氨基酸及保护方法.饲料研究，6：11-13
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