湖北省饲料质量状况评估研究
摘要
饲料行业是种植业和养殖业联系的纽带，是农业产业化链的重要环节。但近年来，由于受到经济利益的驱动，市场上出现了大量假冒伪劣饲料产品，严重地影响了湖北省饲料产品的质量。更有一些不法之徒在饲料的生产、经营和养殖等各个环节非法添加违禁药物，或者超量超范围添加药物，给养殖业带来巨大损失的同时，也给动物产品带来了安全隐患，从而可能危害到人类的健康与安全，所以加强饲料监督管理势在必行。但在此之前由于受条件限制，饲料质量监督检验的范围和数量都不大，难以对我省饲料产品质量现状做出准确的整体评估，也使我省各级饲料管理部门难以制定相应的对策与政策。本研究通过对我省各类饲料产品进行全面检测分析，对我省饲料产品的质量现状做出了全面评价。
本研究对我省生产、流通和使用等三个环节的配合饲料、浓缩饲料、饲料添加剂、添加剂预混合饲料、动物性饲料和“饲料／水”中药物饲料添加剂和违禁药物等分五个方面进行检测分析。结果表明：
在抽查的169家我省配合饲料和浓缩饲料生产企业中，产品全部合格的136家，企业合格率为80.47％；在抽查的352批次样品中，合格314批次，样品合格率为89.20％。主要问题是粗蛋白质、粗灰分、黄曲霉毒素B_1等项目不合格。
在抽查的64家我省饲料添加剂和预混合饲料生产企业中，产品全部合格的51家，企业合格率为79.69％；在抽检的130批次样品中，合格103批次，样品合格率为79.23％。主要问题是维生素A、铜含量不合格。
在抽查的39家我省动物性饲料生产、经营和使用企业中，产品全部合格的28家，企业合格率71.79％；在抽查的47批次样品中，合格31批次，样品合格率为65.96％。主要问题是粗蛋白质、沙门氏菌、铬等项目不合格。
在抽查的340家我省饲料经营企业中，产品全部合格的235家，合格率为69.12％；在抽查487批次样品中，合格的336批次，样品合格率为68.99％。突出问题是合格率太低，大量假冒伪劣产品充斥市场。
在抽查的196家我省养殖场(户)中，分类检测饲料和动物饮水中药物饲料添加剂和违禁药物(又称“饲料／水”专项检查)，合格的193家，企业合格率为98.47％；在抽查的626批次样品中，合格621批次，合格率99.20％。主要问题是在饲料中非法添加安定和超量、超范围添加土霉素和喹乙醇。
本次研究共抽查饲料生产、经营和使用环节的企业808个，其中产品全部合格的企业643个，企业合格率79.58％；共检测产品1642批次，其中合格产品1405批次，产品合格率85.56％。
湖北省饲料质量状祝评估研究
总体来看，我省饲料产品整体质量状况不容乐观，突出表现为8个方而的问题:
一是合格率偏低，与全国同期各阶段抽查情况来比较，我省的合格率一般低5个百
分点左右;二是违禁添加药物现象依然存在;三是饲料产品卫生指标超标严重:四
是饲料经营环节质量问题突出;五是饲料产品标签不规范;六是部分饲料生产企业
内部管理混乱，管理水平急待加强和提高;七是少数饲料生产企业有意造假;八是
部分饲料产品企业标准不科学。
Feed industry is an important link that connected with planting and feeding ,it is also an important part of agricultural industry chain .But in recent years ,there were a lot of counterfeit, inferior feed products appeared in the market because of benefit driving and some medicine banned by china government were used illegally ,which has inhibited the feed industry progress in Hubei province seriously .The problem of medicine residue in animal products has been highlight in publics, so it is necessary to enhance the management on feed producing ,selling and feeding. Feed quality of Hubei province was assessed on aspects in this study in order to provide material for the local government making policy basis on.
The formula feed, concentrated feed, premix, feed additives ,ariimal products for feed and water were determined .The results showed that following.
136 of 169 enterprises of formula feed and concentrated feed producing were measure up,the rate of fitness was 80.47%.314 of 352 samples of formula feed and concentrated feed products were measure up , the rate of fitness was 89.20%.The main problems of these products were content of crude protein ,crude ash and aflatoxin Bl not in accordance with its standard .
51 of 64 enterprises of premix and feed additives producing were measure up, the rate of fitness was 79.69%. 103 of 130 samples of premix and feed additives products were measure up , the rate of fitness was 79.23%.The main problems of these products were content of vitamin A and copper not in accordance with its standard .
28 of 39 enterprises of animal products for feed producing, selling and using were measure up, the rate of fitness was 71.79%.31 of 47 samples of animal products for feed were measure up , the rate of fitness was 65.96%.The main problems of these products were content of crude protein and Cr not in accordance with its standard and contaminated with Salmons bacteria.
235 of 340 enterprises of dealing in feed products were measure up, the rate of fitness was 69.12%.336 of 487 samples of the products were measure up , the rate of
fitness was 69.99%.The main problems in this situation were that the famous feed products were imitated with the counterfeit and inferior.
193 of 196 feeding plants were measure up, the rate of fitness was 98.47%.621of 626 samples of formula feed and water were measure up , the rate of fitness was 99.20%.The main problems of this situation were that Diazepam was used illegally and the content of Olaquindox and Oxytetramycin in feed exceeded the allowable limit of China.
The problems of feed quality in Hubei were that (1)the rate of feed fitness in Hubei is 5% lower than that of the average of the nation simultaneity; (2) banned medicine was still used in some enterprise ; (3)the indexes of feed hygiene in some feed products exceeded the feed hygiene standard of China; (4) Operate the unit numbers problem serious;(5) feed label was not in accordance with the standard that the enterprise carried out;(6)the area of feed dealing was mess ; (7)a few enterprises imitated the others feed label with intention ;(8) the standard of feed products of some enterprises were not scientific .
本研究对我省生产、流通和使用等三个环节的配合饲料、浓缩饲料、饲料添加剂、添加剂预混合饲料、动物性饲料和“饲料／水”中药物饲料添加剂和违禁药物等分五个方面进行检测分析。结果表明：
在抽查的169家我省配合饲料和浓缩饲料生产企业中，产品全部合格的136家，企业合格率为80.47％；在抽查的352批次样品中，合格314批次，样品合格率为89.20％。主要问题是粗蛋白质、粗灰分、黄曲霉毒素B_1等项目不合格。
在抽查的64家我省饲料添加剂和预混合饲料生产企业中，产品全部合格的51家，企业合格率为79.69％；在抽检的130批次样品中，合格103批次，样品合格率为79.23％。主要问题是维生素A、铜含量不合格。
在抽查的39家我省动物性饲料生产、经营和使用企业中，产品全部合格的28家，企业合格率71.79％；在抽查的47批次样品中，合格31批次，样品合格率为65.96％。主要问题是粗蛋白质、沙门氏菌、铬等项目不合格。
在抽查的340家我省饲料经营企业中，产品全部合格的235家，合格率为69.12％；在抽查487批次样品中，合格的336批次，样品合格率为68.99％。突出问题是合格率太低，大量假冒伪劣产品充斥市场。
在抽查的196家我省养殖场(户)中，分类检测饲料和动物饮水中药物饲料添加剂和违禁药物(又称“饲料／水”专项检查)，合格的193家，企业合格率为98.47％；在抽查的626批次样品中，合格621批次，合格率99.20％。主要问题是在饲料中非法添加安定和超量、超范围添加土霉素和喹乙醇。
本次研究共抽查饲料生产、经营和使用环节的企业808个，其中产品全部合格的企业643个，企业合格率79.58％；共检测产品1642批次，其中合格产品1405批次，产品合格率85.56％。
湖北省饲料质量状祝评估研究
总体来看，我省饲料产品整体质量状况不容乐观，突出表现为8个方而的问题:
一是合格率偏低，与全国同期各阶段抽查情况来比较，我省的合格率一般低5个百
分点左右;二是违禁添加药物现象依然存在;三是饲料产品卫生指标超标严重:四
是饲料经营环节质量问题突出;五是饲料产品标签不规范;六是部分饲料生产企业
内部管理混乱，管理水平急待加强和提高;七是少数饲料生产企业有意造假;八是
部分饲料产品企业标准不科学。
Feed industry is an important link that connected with planting and feeding ,it is also an important part of agricultural industry chain .But in recent years ,there were a lot of counterfeit, inferior feed products appeared in the market because of benefit driving and some medicine banned by china government were used illegally ,which has inhibited the feed industry progress in Hubei province seriously .The problem of medicine residue in animal products has been highlight in publics, so it is necessary to enhance the management on feed producing ,selling and feeding. Feed quality of Hubei province was assessed on aspects in this study in order to provide material for the local government making policy basis on.
The formula feed, concentrated feed, premix, feed additives ,ariimal products for feed and water were determined .The results showed that following.
136 of 169 enterprises of formula feed and concentrated feed producing were measure up,the rate of fitness was 80.47%.314 of 352 samples of formula feed and concentrated feed products were measure up , the rate of fitness was 89.20%.The main problems of these products were content of crude protein ,crude ash and aflatoxin Bl not in accordance with its standard .
51 of 64 enterprises of premix and feed additives producing were measure up, the rate of fitness was 79.69%. 103 of 130 samples of premix and feed additives products were measure up , the rate of fitness was 79.23%.The main problems of these products were content of vitamin A and copper not in accordance with its standard .
28 of 39 enterprises of animal products for feed producing, selling and using were measure up, the rate of fitness was 71.79%.31 of 47 samples of animal products for feed were measure up , the rate of fitness was 65.96%.The main problems of these products were content of crude protein and Cr not in accordance with its standard and contaminated with Salmons bacteria.
235 of 340 enterprises of dealing in feed products were measure up, the rate of fitness was 69.12%.336 of 487 samples of the products were measure up , the rate of
fitness was 69.99%.The main problems in this situation were that the famous feed products were imitated with the counterfeit and inferior.
193 of 196 feeding plants were measure up, the rate of fitness was 98.47%.621of 626 samples of formula feed and water were measure up , the rate of fitness was 99.20%.The main problems of this situation were that Diazepam was used illegally and the content of Olaquindox and Oxytetramycin in feed exceeded the allowable limit of China.
The problems of feed quality in Hubei were that (1)the rate of feed fitness in Hubei is 5% lower than that of the average of the nation simultaneity; (2) banned medicine was still used in some enterprise ; (3)the indexes of feed hygiene in some feed products exceeded the feed hygiene standard of China; (4) Operate the unit numbers problem serious;(5) feed label was not in accordance with the standard that the enterprise carried out;(6)the area of feed dealing was mess ; (7)a few enterprises imitated the others feed label with intention ;(8) the standard of feed products of some enterprises were not scientific .
引文
1． 王厚芬．小儿瘦肉精中毒八例报告．小儿急救医学，2002，9(3)：166—166
2． 王峻 舒金秀．β—兴奋剂对动物的生理作用及测定方法．湖北饲料，2001，15(4)：24—26
3． 中华人民共和国农业部农牧发[1997]9号文件“关于发布兽药在饲料中检测方法的通知”
4． 中华人民共和国农业部公告第168号，饲料药物添加剂使用规范
5． 中华人民共和国农业部公告第176号，禁止在饲料和动物饮水中使用的药物品种目录
6． 中华人民共和国农业部，农牧饲便函(2002)25号，2002年全国饲料和饲料添加剂质量监督检测实施细则
7． 中华人民共和国农业部文件，农牧发[2002]22号文件，“关于2002年上半年全国饲料和饲料添加剂质量监督抽查监测结果的通报”
8． 中华人民共和国农业部文件，农牧发[2002]28号文件，“关于2002年下半年全国饲料和饲料添加剂质量监督抽查监测结果的通报”
9． 中华人民共和国农业部文件，农牧发[2003]3号文件，“关于2002年第三次饲料和饲料添加剂质量监督抽查监测结果的通报”
10．中华人民共和国国家标准GB8830—1988产蛋鸡、肉用仔鸡、仔猪、生长肥育猪微量元素预混合饲料
11．中华人民共和国国家标准GB8831—1988产蛋鸡、肉用仔鸡维生素预混合饲料
12．中华人民共和国国家标准GB8832—1988产蛋鸡、肉用仔鸡、仔猪、生长肥育猪复合预混合饲料
13．中华人民共和国国家标准GB8833—1988产蛋鸡、肉用仔鸡、仔猪、生长肥育猪浓缩饲料
14．和国国家标准GB8936—1988骨粉及肉骨粉
15．中华人民共和国国家标准GB／T14699．1-93《饲料采样方法》
16．中华人民共和国国家标准GB／T 5915——93仔猪、生长肥育猪配合饲料
17．中华人民共和国国家标准GB／T 5916——93产蛋后备鸡、产蛋鸡、肉用仔鸡配合饲料
18．中华人民共和国商业行业标准SB／T 10262—96生长鸭、产蛋鸭、肉用仔鸭配合饲料
19．中华人民共和国商业行业标准SC／T 3501—1996饲料用鱼粉
20．中华人民共和国国家标准GBl0648—1999饲料标签
21．中华人民共和国国家标准GB 13078—2001饲料卫生标准
22．中国农业标准汇编．饲料卷／中国标准出版社第一编辑室编．-北京：中国标准出版社，2001
23．中华人民共和国国家标准报批稿(2002)，内部资料
24．肖新李黄止平等．盐酸克仑特罗引起食物中毒225例．广东医学，2002，23(10)：1004—1004．
25．常秉文 刘永志．盐酸克仑特罗及其危害．内蒙古畜牧科学，2002，23(2)：38-39
26．深圳市农业局内部资料文件
27．湖北农业信息网
28．湖北省饲料安全上程项目设计书(2001)内部资料
29．湖北省农业厅文件，鄂农函[2002]130号，关于严肃查处“瘦肉精”违禁药物的通知
30. Armbrecht BH, Shalkop WT. Acunt toxicity of aflatoxin B_1 in wethers. Nature, 1970;225:1062-1063
31. D.J. Smith. Total radioactive residuas and clenbuterol residues in swine after dietary administration of [~(14)C] clenbuterol, journal of animal science 2000,78(11):2903-2912
32. Gianfranco Brambilla. clinicalang pharmacologi cal profile in a clenbuterol epidemic poisoning of contaminated deef meat in Italy. Toxicology Letters. 2000,114(1-3):47-53
33. Harvey R B. Progression of afjatoxicosis in growing pigs. Am J Vet Res 1988;49:482-487
34. Helferich WG, Feedlot performance and tissue residues of cattle cattle consuming diats containing atlatoxins. J Amim Sci, 1996;62:692-696
35. M.I.. Mattews Effects of clenbuterol on growth in underfed cattle. Australian journal of agricultural research, 2000,51(3):401-406
36. Suo. H. Im,Michael W. Bolt Richard K. Stewart et al.Modulaton of aflatorxin B_1 biotransformation by naphthoflavone in isolated rabbit Lung cells. Archives of Toxicology, 1996;(1):25-29
37. Y. Hamance;S. Okada:T. Tanaka. Effects of thiamine and clenbuterol on body composition, plasma metabolites and hepatic oxygen consumption in broiler chicks. British poultry Science, 1999,40(1): 127-130
2． 王峻 舒金秀．β—兴奋剂对动物的生理作用及测定方法．湖北饲料，2001，15(4)：24—26
3． 中华人民共和国农业部农牧发[1997]9号文件“关于发布兽药在饲料中检测方法的通知”
4． 中华人民共和国农业部公告第168号，饲料药物添加剂使用规范
5． 中华人民共和国农业部公告第176号，禁止在饲料和动物饮水中使用的药物品种目录
6． 中华人民共和国农业部，农牧饲便函(2002)25号，2002年全国饲料和饲料添加剂质量监督检测实施细则
7． 中华人民共和国农业部文件，农牧发[2002]22号文件，“关于2002年上半年全国饲料和饲料添加剂质量监督抽查监测结果的通报”
8． 中华人民共和国农业部文件，农牧发[2002]28号文件，“关于2002年下半年全国饲料和饲料添加剂质量监督抽查监测结果的通报”
9． 中华人民共和国农业部文件，农牧发[2003]3号文件，“关于2002年第三次饲料和饲料添加剂质量监督抽查监测结果的通报”
10．中华人民共和国国家标准GB8830—1988产蛋鸡、肉用仔鸡、仔猪、生长肥育猪微量元素预混合饲料
11．中华人民共和国国家标准GB8831—1988产蛋鸡、肉用仔鸡维生素预混合饲料
12．中华人民共和国国家标准GB8832—1988产蛋鸡、肉用仔鸡、仔猪、生长肥育猪复合预混合饲料
13．中华人民共和国国家标准GB8833—1988产蛋鸡、肉用仔鸡、仔猪、生长肥育猪浓缩饲料
14．和国国家标准GB8936—1988骨粉及肉骨粉
15．中华人民共和国国家标准GB／T14699．1-93《饲料采样方法》
16．中华人民共和国国家标准GB／T 5915——93仔猪、生长肥育猪配合饲料
17．中华人民共和国国家标准GB／T 5916——93产蛋后备鸡、产蛋鸡、肉用仔鸡配合饲料
18．中华人民共和国商业行业标准SB／T 10262—96生长鸭、产蛋鸭、肉用仔鸭配合饲料
19．中华人民共和国商业行业标准SC／T 3501—1996饲料用鱼粉
20．中华人民共和国国家标准GBl0648—1999饲料标签
21．中华人民共和国国家标准GB 13078—2001饲料卫生标准
22．中国农业标准汇编．饲料卷／中国标准出版社第一编辑室编．-北京：中国标准出版社，2001
23．中华人民共和国国家标准报批稿(2002)，内部资料
24．肖新李黄止平等．盐酸克仑特罗引起食物中毒225例．广东医学，2002，23(10)：1004—1004．
25．常秉文 刘永志．盐酸克仑特罗及其危害．内蒙古畜牧科学，2002，23(2)：38-39
26．深圳市农业局内部资料文件
27．湖北农业信息网
28．湖北省饲料安全上程项目设计书(2001)内部资料
29．湖北省农业厅文件，鄂农函[2002]130号，关于严肃查处“瘦肉精”违禁药物的通知
30. Armbrecht BH, Shalkop WT. Acunt toxicity of aflatoxin B_1 in wethers. Nature, 1970;225:1062-1063
31. D.J. Smith. Total radioactive residuas and clenbuterol residues in swine after dietary administration of [~(14)C] clenbuterol, journal of animal science 2000,78(11):2903-2912
32. Gianfranco Brambilla. clinicalang pharmacologi cal profile in a clenbuterol epidemic poisoning of contaminated deef meat in Italy. Toxicology Letters. 2000,114(1-3):47-53
33. Harvey R B. Progression of afjatoxicosis in growing pigs. Am J Vet Res 1988;49:482-487
34. Helferich WG, Feedlot performance and tissue residues of cattle cattle consuming diats containing atlatoxins. J Amim Sci, 1996;62:692-696
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