AD公司库存问题的研究
摘要
当前，我国饲料企业面临着严峻的竞争环境，如何在快速有效地满足顾客需求的基础上实现低成本的运营，是当前众多饲料企业所面临的难题。饲料行业是一个高库存量、高流通量的行业，库存成本占据企业运营成本的70%，库存日益成为影响企业生死存亡的最重要因素。本文研究了AD公司的库存问题，探讨了减少企业库存的方法，对于高库存、高流通量的企业有着实用参考价值。
传统的库存管理方法关注于个体企业的库存决策问题，而库存存在的主要原因之一是供应链上的各种不确定性因素，因而处在供应链中的企业应当站在供应链管理的角度来思考其库存管理的问题，应当掌握并通过供应链管理的相关技术来改善其运作绩效。本文在详细分析AD公司及其库存状况的基础上，首先运用传统的库存管理方法对AD公司的库存进行了优化，并进一步提出通过供应链管理的方法来降低饲料企业的库存。本文从供应链管理的角度出发，对企业内部组织结构进行改进，提出建立供应链管理的物流部门；针对供应链中牛鞭效应对库存的影响，讨论了建立供应链信息系统进行信息共享、对销售管理的改进及平抑价格波动来弱化牛鞭效应降低库存；讨论了供应链技术在AD公司应用的可能及能够带来的好处,并通过详实的数据分析，说明了供应链管理技术在降低库存方面的效果；最后，本文对在AD公司利用第三方物流（TPL）和集团统一物流网络管理降低库存进行了有益的探讨
Today, the feed enterprise of our country faces the hard competition environment. It is a problem how to operate the enterprise with low cost and meet the customers' demand with quickly and efficiently. The characteristics of feed industrial are high inventory and high amount of cycle. And the cost of inventory is 70% of the whole operation cost. So, the inventory is becoming the most important factor to the enterprise's fate. To study the inventory of AD Company and try to low the inventory of the company, this paper is valuable to the enterprise that owns high inventory and high amount of cycle.
Traditional methods of inventory management care of the inventory decisions of one enterprise. But the main reason of the production of inventory is the uncertain in the supply chain. So the enterprise in supply chain should think about its inventory problem with the level of supply chain management (SCM), and they should improve the operation performance by the correlate technology of SCM. In the basis of analysis the inventory of AD Company, this paper improves the inventory situation with traditional methods of inventory management. And more, this paper tries to low the inventory of feed enterprise with the methods of supply chain management. At first, this paper suggests changing the organizational configuration of the company; establish the logistics department to manage the supply chain. Then, to the inventory effect of Bullwhip Effect, this paper suggests the company build the information system of supply chain to share information and changes the management method of the sales system and lows the price wave. And then, discuss the probability of the SCM technologies use in AD Company, and the technologies could bring advantages. By analysis the
data of packaging bag, it proved the good effect in descending the level of inventory. In the last, this paper explores to low inventory with the third party logistics (TPL) and logistics network management wholly in AD group
传统的库存管理方法关注于个体企业的库存决策问题，而库存存在的主要原因之一是供应链上的各种不确定性因素，因而处在供应链中的企业应当站在供应链管理的角度来思考其库存管理的问题，应当掌握并通过供应链管理的相关技术来改善其运作绩效。本文在详细分析AD公司及其库存状况的基础上，首先运用传统的库存管理方法对AD公司的库存进行了优化，并进一步提出通过供应链管理的方法来降低饲料企业的库存。本文从供应链管理的角度出发，对企业内部组织结构进行改进，提出建立供应链管理的物流部门；针对供应链中牛鞭效应对库存的影响，讨论了建立供应链信息系统进行信息共享、对销售管理的改进及平抑价格波动来弱化牛鞭效应降低库存；讨论了供应链技术在AD公司应用的可能及能够带来的好处,并通过详实的数据分析，说明了供应链管理技术在降低库存方面的效果；最后，本文对在AD公司利用第三方物流（TPL）和集团统一物流网络管理降低库存进行了有益的探讨
Today, the feed enterprise of our country faces the hard competition environment. It is a problem how to operate the enterprise with low cost and meet the customers' demand with quickly and efficiently. The characteristics of feed industrial are high inventory and high amount of cycle. And the cost of inventory is 70% of the whole operation cost. So, the inventory is becoming the most important factor to the enterprise's fate. To study the inventory of AD Company and try to low the inventory of the company, this paper is valuable to the enterprise that owns high inventory and high amount of cycle.
Traditional methods of inventory management care of the inventory decisions of one enterprise. But the main reason of the production of inventory is the uncertain in the supply chain. So the enterprise in supply chain should think about its inventory problem with the level of supply chain management (SCM), and they should improve the operation performance by the correlate technology of SCM. In the basis of analysis the inventory of AD Company, this paper improves the inventory situation with traditional methods of inventory management. And more, this paper tries to low the inventory of feed enterprise with the methods of supply chain management. At first, this paper suggests changing the organizational configuration of the company; establish the logistics department to manage the supply chain. Then, to the inventory effect of Bullwhip Effect, this paper suggests the company build the information system of supply chain to share information and changes the management method of the sales system and lows the price wave. And then, discuss the probability of the SCM technologies use in AD Company, and the technologies could bring advantages. By analysis the
data of packaging bag, it proved the good effect in descending the level of inventory. In the last, this paper explores to low inventory with the third party logistics (TPL) and logistics network management wholly in AD group
引文
［1］ Sunil Chopra, Peter Meindl. Supply Chain Management —— Strategy, Planning, and Operation. 北京：清华大学出版社，2001
［2］ Ronald H.Ballou著. 王晓东，胡瑞娟等译. 企业物流管理——供应链的规划、组织和控制 . 北京:机械工业出版社, 2001
［3］马士华，林勇，陈志祥著. 供应链管理. 北京：机械工业出版社, 2000
［4］骆温平 编著. 物流与供应链管理. 北京: 电子工业出版社, 2002
［5］宋华，胡左浩编. 现代物流与供应链管理. 北京：经济管理出版社，2000
［6］亚瑟 A.汤姆森,A.J.思迪克兰迪著. 段盛华,王智慧译. 战略管理：概念与案例.
北京: 北京大学出版社, 2000
［7］现代物流管理课题组 编. 物流库存管理. 广州: 广东经济出版社,2002
［8］Hau L.Lee, Kut C.So, Christopher S.Tang. The Value of Information Sharing in a Two-Level Supply Chain. management science，2000, Vol.46,No.5:626～643
［9］Gerard P．Cachon，Marshall Fisher. Supply Chain Inventory Management and the Value of Shared Information. management science，2000,Vol.46,No.8:1032～1048
［10］ Michael Alles，Amin Amershi，Strikant Datar. Information and Incentive Effect of Inventory in JIT Production. Management Science, 2000,Vol.46,No.11:l528～1544
［11］L.Beril Toktay, Lawrence M.Wein. Analysis of a Forecasting-Production-Inventory System with Stationary Demand. management science，2001, Vol.47,No.9:1268～1281
［12］Robert Landeros, David M. Lyth. Economic-Lot-Size Models for Cooperative Inter-Organizational Relationship. Journal of Business Logistics,1989, Vol.10,No.2:149
［13］ 陈志祥,王一凡,蒋红梅. 中国企业供应链管理现状调查分析——供应与库存管理.物流技术,1999,No.2:28～32
［14］解琨. 供应链中库存管理存在的问题与对策. 云南财贸学院学报,2002,No.10:65～68
［15］陈剑,黄朔. 供应链结构研究进展. 系统工程学报, 2002,VoL.17,No.3:246～251
［16］陈安,刘鲁. 供应链管理问题的研究现状及挑战. 系统工程学报, 2000,Vol.15,No.2:179～186
［17］隋明刚，魏嶷. 供应链库存成本研究的现状及其发展趋势. 物流技术,2000,No.5:28
［18］吴珏. 发挥期货市场的库存管理功能. 管理现代化, 1994,No.4:58
［19］汪云峰,马士华. 供应链上的不确定因素与库存. 工业工程与管理,1999,No.5:37～40
［20］王安乐. 库存管理在降低成本方面的应用. 郑州工业大学学报(社会科学版), 2000,VoL.18,No.1:66～69
［21］黄培清,揭晖. 供应链库存管理的几项措施. 工业工程与管理, 1998, No.5:14～17
［22］柳键,马士华. 供应链管理的重要手段——延迟化策略. 华东经济管理, 2002, VoL.16,No.2:80～81
［23］龚本刚,程幼明. 供应链中“牛鞭效应”的成因及弱化. 运筹与管理, 2002,Vol.11,No.5:123～127
［24］秦玉光,张澜. 饲料企业JIT运作模式的探讨. 广东饲料,2002, No.12:18～20
［25］蒋洪斌. 饲料企业原料经营运作. 广东饲料,2002, No.12:17～18
［26］中国第三方物流网 http：//www.3rd56.com
［27］中国物流联盟网 http：//www.chinawuliu.com.cn
［28］中国饲料在线 http：//www.chinafeedonline.com
［2］ Ronald H.Ballou著. 王晓东，胡瑞娟等译. 企业物流管理——供应链的规划、组织和控制 . 北京:机械工业出版社, 2001
［3］马士华，林勇，陈志祥著. 供应链管理. 北京：机械工业出版社, 2000
［4］骆温平 编著. 物流与供应链管理. 北京: 电子工业出版社, 2002
［5］宋华，胡左浩编. 现代物流与供应链管理. 北京：经济管理出版社，2000
［6］亚瑟 A.汤姆森,A.J.思迪克兰迪著. 段盛华,王智慧译. 战略管理：概念与案例.
北京: 北京大学出版社, 2000
［7］现代物流管理课题组 编. 物流库存管理. 广州: 广东经济出版社,2002
［8］Hau L.Lee, Kut C.So, Christopher S.Tang. The Value of Information Sharing in a Two-Level Supply Chain. management science，2000, Vol.46,No.5:626～643
［9］Gerard P．Cachon，Marshall Fisher. Supply Chain Inventory Management and the Value of Shared Information. management science，2000,Vol.46,No.8:1032～1048
［10］ Michael Alles，Amin Amershi，Strikant Datar. Information and Incentive Effect of Inventory in JIT Production. Management Science, 2000,Vol.46,No.11:l528～1544
［11］L.Beril Toktay, Lawrence M.Wein. Analysis of a Forecasting-Production-Inventory System with Stationary Demand. management science，2001, Vol.47,No.9:1268～1281
［12］Robert Landeros, David M. Lyth. Economic-Lot-Size Models for Cooperative Inter-Organizational Relationship. Journal of Business Logistics,1989, Vol.10,No.2:149
［13］ 陈志祥,王一凡,蒋红梅. 中国企业供应链管理现状调查分析——供应与库存管理.物流技术,1999,No.2:28～32
［14］解琨. 供应链中库存管理存在的问题与对策. 云南财贸学院学报,2002,No.10:65～68
［15］陈剑,黄朔. 供应链结构研究进展. 系统工程学报, 2002,VoL.17,No.3:246～251
［16］陈安,刘鲁. 供应链管理问题的研究现状及挑战. 系统工程学报, 2000,Vol.15,No.2:179～186
［17］隋明刚，魏嶷. 供应链库存成本研究的现状及其发展趋势. 物流技术,2000,No.5:28
［18］吴珏. 发挥期货市场的库存管理功能. 管理现代化, 1994,No.4:58
［19］汪云峰,马士华. 供应链上的不确定因素与库存. 工业工程与管理,1999,No.5:37～40
［20］王安乐. 库存管理在降低成本方面的应用. 郑州工业大学学报(社会科学版), 2000,VoL.18,No.1:66～69
［21］黄培清,揭晖. 供应链库存管理的几项措施. 工业工程与管理, 1998, No.5:14～17
［22］柳键,马士华. 供应链管理的重要手段——延迟化策略. 华东经济管理, 2002, VoL.16,No.2:80～81
［23］龚本刚,程幼明. 供应链中“牛鞭效应”的成因及弱化. 运筹与管理, 2002,Vol.11,No.5:123～127
［24］秦玉光,张澜. 饲料企业JIT运作模式的探讨. 广东饲料,2002, No.12:18～20
［25］蒋洪斌. 饲料企业原料经营运作. 广东饲料,2002, No.12:17～18
［26］中国第三方物流网 http：//www.3rd56.com
［27］中国物流联盟网 http：//www.chinawuliu.com.cn
［28］中国饲料在线 http：//www.chinafeedonline.com