小叶杨枝把诱集棉铃虫机制的研究
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摘要
棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner)是我国为害棉花的主要害虫之一,摆放杨树枝把是一种诱杀棉铃虫的有效手段。本文通过田间和室内试验初步研究了萎蔫的小叶杨叶片挥发物对棉铃虫的引诱作用。主要试验结果如下:
新疆常见杨树及杂草诱集棉铃虫效果的比较:本文作者对新疆北部几种常见杨树和杂草:小叶杨Populus simonii Carr;箭杆杨Populus nigra var thevestina [Dode] Bean;钻天杨Populus nigra varitalica(Muench) Koehne;新疆杨Populus alba var pyramidalis Bunge;欧美杨Sophora Alopecuraides L;苦豆子Populus×euramericana CL;狗尾草Setaria viride L;灰绿藜Chenopodium glaucum Linn.诱集棉铃虫H. armigera (Hübner)的效果进行了田间调查和研究。田间调查结果显示:小叶杨枝把在田间的诱集效果明显比其它树种好,以引诱棉铃虫雌蛾为主,所试验的三种杂草没有诱集棉铃虫的作用。
小叶杨枝把田间诱集棉铃虫的研究:小叶杨枝把能诱集到6目9科15种的昆虫,诱虫谱较广,诱集到的昆虫以鳞翅目夜蛾科为主;小叶杨枝把上的雄蛾量与雌蛾量呈明显正相关;萎蔫2天的两年生小叶杨枝把高于棉株10cm,伞形把,摆放距地头10m处诱集棉铃虫的效果最好;萎蔫5天之后没有诱集效果。试验结果还显示:5天更换一次杨枝把的诱集效果较好。
小叶杨萎蔫叶片粗提物对棉铃虫的诱集作用:作者对上述几种常见杨树的叶片及苦豆子的粗提物进行了室内生测试验,风洞试验结果显示:小叶杨、箭杆杨、钻天杨、欧美杨、新疆杨的粗提物均有诱集棉铃虫的作用,萎蔫的小叶杨叶片的粗提物诱集棉铃虫的效果最好,其次为钻天杨,箭杆杨、新疆杨仅有微弱的诱集能力,苦豆子的粗提物对棉铃虫成虫没有诱集作用;小叶杨叶片粗提物不仅对棉铃虫处女雌蛾有引诱作用,对已交配雌蛾和雄蛾也有一定的引诱作用。小叶杨叶片粗提物对棉铃虫的诱集能力随着羽化后天数的增加而逐渐减弱;萎蔫时间不同的叶片粗提物诱集棉铃虫的能力也不同;小叶杨叶片粗提物中有一定量的物质对棉铃虫有诱集作用,萎蔫2天的小叶杨叶片的粗提物对棉铃虫处女雌蛾的引诱作用最佳为17.8%,明显强于小叶杨新鲜叶片的粗提物的引诱效果(4.4%)和小叶杨干叶片的粗提物的引诱效果(3.2%)。
棉铃虫对小叶杨萎蔫叶片挥发物的触角电位反应:触角电位试验结果表明,处女雌蛾、交配雌蛾与雄蛾对萎蔫的小叶杨挥发物的触角电位反应没有明显差异。在光周期为14L:10D的条件下,处女雌蛾对萎蔫小叶杨挥发物的触角电位反应在暗期进入7小时达到高峰。羽化天数不同的棉铃虫对小叶杨提取物的EAG反应值不同,总体上随着羽化天数的增加,棉铃虫的EAG反应逐渐降低。羽化1d的棉铃虫对各浓度提取物的EAG反应值均比羽化1d后的棉铃虫的EAG值高。小叶杨叶片的提取物能引起棉
铃虫明显的触角电位反应,这表明萎蔫的小叶杨叶片中确实存在对棉铃虫有生理活性的化学成分。小叶杨萎蔫叶片挥发物的组成的初步分析:采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取小叶杨叶片的挥发性物质,二氯甲烷做萃取剂,应用气相色谱-质谱联用技术进行分离和鉴定萃取到的气味物质的化学组分,结果显示:水蒸气蒸馏法共得到10个峰,鉴定出结构的有9个。醇类化合物在挥发物成分中占有很大的比率,由此推断这类物质可能在诱集棉铃虫过程中发挥很大的作用,该实验分析出的组分不是很多,原因可能是采集叶片的时间比较晚,叶片老化导致部分挥发性物质活性降低或消失;此外还有可能是高温使得一些低沸点挥发性强的物质流失。
小叶杨枝把诱虫机理的初步分析:以上结果显示,小叶杨枝把诱集棉铃虫的原因不单是因为其能为棉铃虫提供隐藏场所,重要的是其释放的化学物质具有诱虫作用;棉铃虫在田间趋向于杨枝把是为了求偶而不是为了取食和产卵。
Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) is a serious pest of cotton in China. It is an important way to control H. armigera (Hübner) that withered Populus simonii Carr. Branches trapping H. armigera (Hübner). Filed and lab bioassay observation of attraction of the volatiles from wilted leaves of Populus simonii Carr for H. armigera (Hübner) were conducted. The main results are as follows:
The attractive effect compare of H. armigera (Hübner) to different kinds of trees and weeds in commom in Xinjiang: The attraction of the poplar bundles made from branches of trees and other weeds in the north of Xinjiang were tested to the H. armigera (Hübner), which include Populus simonii Carr, Populus nigra var thevestina [Dode] Bean, Sophora Alopecuraides L, Populus alba var pyramidalis Bunge, Populus×euramericana CL, Populus nigra var italica(Muench)Koehne, Setaria viride L and Chenopodium glaucum Linn.The results showed that these bundles were attractive to H. armigera, and the attractive effect of bundles made of Populus simonii Carr was the best one.
The attractive effect of H. armigera (Hübner) to bundles of Populus simonii Carr in field: Field test showed that the spectrum of attracting insects of withered Populus simonii Carr leaves was very wide, and the spectrum includes more than 15 species belonging to 6 orders 9 families. Among these species, the number of insect of Noctuidae was the largest. The amount of male and female moths trapped by the bundles was positive correlated, with most moths captured being females. The attractive effect of 2 years old bundles made of Populus simonii Carr withered 2 days, which put in field like an umbrella and higher than cotton is better. The bundles withered 5 days did not have attractive effect. Field test also showed that the attractive effect will be better if change bundles within 5 days.
The attracting activity of the extracts of withered Populus simonii Carr leaves: The behavioral responses of adults H. armigera (Hübner) to the extraction of different kinds of trees in Shihezi by using a flight tunnel demonstrated that virgin females could respond positively to anyone of the volatiles emitted from the withered leaves of the five non-host plants. The attraction of Populus simonii Carr’s extraction is best. Populus×euramericana CL could not attract moths. The extraction of Populus simonii Car could not only attract virgin females but also attract mated females and males. Behavioral responses of adults H. armigera (Hübner) to the extraction will be different with different eclosion days and different withered days under the photo-
regime of 14L:10D. Some substances in the extraction of Populus simonii Carr have the attractive effect. The attractive effect of the extraction of Populus simonii Carr with 2 withered days leaves (17.8%) is better than the extraction of fresh leaves (4.4%) and dry leaves (3.2%).
The electroantennogram responses of CBW to the volatiles: There were no significant differences in amplitude of electroantennogram (EAG) responds between virgin females, mated females and males to the volatiles of withered leaves of Populus simonii Carr. EAG responses of virgin females reached a peak as sotophase progressed to the 7th hr. under the photoregime of 14L:10D. EAG responses of H. armigera to the extraction will be different with different eclosion days, as a whole, the EAG will decrease with eclosion days’increase. EAG responses to the extraction of Populus simonii Carr are significant, which demonstrated that chemical substance it releases has luring effect.
The preliminary analysis of the components of the volatiles from withered Populus simonii Carr leaves: A study was reported about the chemical components of the volatilizing odor from Populus simonii Carr leaves. The odor was extracted by steam distillation and further identified by gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry, ten peaks were obtained from the extracted odor, in which nine components were identified. Among these components, the number of alcohols was the largest, so this substance may be has attractive effect. The components are less, this may be mainly caused the leaves are too old and the high temperature during steam distillation resulted losing effect of some components.
The preliminary analysis of the mechanism about the attraction of Populus simonii Carr for H. armigera (Hübner): The results show that Populus simonii Carr attracts insects not because it can only provide hiding place for them, but because it is important that chemical substance it releases has luring effect.This concluded that the volatiles from Populus simonii Carr leaves did function as neither ovipositional attractant nor feeding attractant of CBW but finding courtship.
新疆常见杨树及杂草诱集棉铃虫效果的比较:本文作者对新疆北部几种常见杨树和杂草:小叶杨Populus simonii Carr;箭杆杨Populus nigra var thevestina [Dode] Bean;钻天杨Populus nigra varitalica(Muench) Koehne;新疆杨Populus alba var pyramidalis Bunge;欧美杨Sophora Alopecuraides L;苦豆子Populus×euramericana CL;狗尾草Setaria viride L;灰绿藜Chenopodium glaucum Linn.诱集棉铃虫H. armigera (Hübner)的效果进行了田间调查和研究。田间调查结果显示:小叶杨枝把在田间的诱集效果明显比其它树种好,以引诱棉铃虫雌蛾为主,所试验的三种杂草没有诱集棉铃虫的作用。
小叶杨枝把田间诱集棉铃虫的研究:小叶杨枝把能诱集到6目9科15种的昆虫,诱虫谱较广,诱集到的昆虫以鳞翅目夜蛾科为主;小叶杨枝把上的雄蛾量与雌蛾量呈明显正相关;萎蔫2天的两年生小叶杨枝把高于棉株10cm,伞形把,摆放距地头10m处诱集棉铃虫的效果最好;萎蔫5天之后没有诱集效果。试验结果还显示:5天更换一次杨枝把的诱集效果较好。
小叶杨萎蔫叶片粗提物对棉铃虫的诱集作用:作者对上述几种常见杨树的叶片及苦豆子的粗提物进行了室内生测试验,风洞试验结果显示:小叶杨、箭杆杨、钻天杨、欧美杨、新疆杨的粗提物均有诱集棉铃虫的作用,萎蔫的小叶杨叶片的粗提物诱集棉铃虫的效果最好,其次为钻天杨,箭杆杨、新疆杨仅有微弱的诱集能力,苦豆子的粗提物对棉铃虫成虫没有诱集作用;小叶杨叶片粗提物不仅对棉铃虫处女雌蛾有引诱作用,对已交配雌蛾和雄蛾也有一定的引诱作用。小叶杨叶片粗提物对棉铃虫的诱集能力随着羽化后天数的增加而逐渐减弱;萎蔫时间不同的叶片粗提物诱集棉铃虫的能力也不同;小叶杨叶片粗提物中有一定量的物质对棉铃虫有诱集作用,萎蔫2天的小叶杨叶片的粗提物对棉铃虫处女雌蛾的引诱作用最佳为17.8%,明显强于小叶杨新鲜叶片的粗提物的引诱效果(4.4%)和小叶杨干叶片的粗提物的引诱效果(3.2%)。
棉铃虫对小叶杨萎蔫叶片挥发物的触角电位反应:触角电位试验结果表明,处女雌蛾、交配雌蛾与雄蛾对萎蔫的小叶杨挥发物的触角电位反应没有明显差异。在光周期为14L:10D的条件下,处女雌蛾对萎蔫小叶杨挥发物的触角电位反应在暗期进入7小时达到高峰。羽化天数不同的棉铃虫对小叶杨提取物的EAG反应值不同,总体上随着羽化天数的增加,棉铃虫的EAG反应逐渐降低。羽化1d的棉铃虫对各浓度提取物的EAG反应值均比羽化1d后的棉铃虫的EAG值高。小叶杨叶片的提取物能引起棉
铃虫明显的触角电位反应,这表明萎蔫的小叶杨叶片中确实存在对棉铃虫有生理活性的化学成分。小叶杨萎蔫叶片挥发物的组成的初步分析:采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取小叶杨叶片的挥发性物质,二氯甲烷做萃取剂,应用气相色谱-质谱联用技术进行分离和鉴定萃取到的气味物质的化学组分,结果显示:水蒸气蒸馏法共得到10个峰,鉴定出结构的有9个。醇类化合物在挥发物成分中占有很大的比率,由此推断这类物质可能在诱集棉铃虫过程中发挥很大的作用,该实验分析出的组分不是很多,原因可能是采集叶片的时间比较晚,叶片老化导致部分挥发性物质活性降低或消失;此外还有可能是高温使得一些低沸点挥发性强的物质流失。
小叶杨枝把诱虫机理的初步分析:以上结果显示,小叶杨枝把诱集棉铃虫的原因不单是因为其能为棉铃虫提供隐藏场所,重要的是其释放的化学物质具有诱虫作用;棉铃虫在田间趋向于杨枝把是为了求偶而不是为了取食和产卵。
Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) is a serious pest of cotton in China. It is an important way to control H. armigera (Hübner) that withered Populus simonii Carr. Branches trapping H. armigera (Hübner). Filed and lab bioassay observation of attraction of the volatiles from wilted leaves of Populus simonii Carr for H. armigera (Hübner) were conducted. The main results are as follows:
The attractive effect compare of H. armigera (Hübner) to different kinds of trees and weeds in commom in Xinjiang: The attraction of the poplar bundles made from branches of trees and other weeds in the north of Xinjiang were tested to the H. armigera (Hübner), which include Populus simonii Carr, Populus nigra var thevestina [Dode] Bean, Sophora Alopecuraides L, Populus alba var pyramidalis Bunge, Populus×euramericana CL, Populus nigra var italica(Muench)Koehne, Setaria viride L and Chenopodium glaucum Linn.The results showed that these bundles were attractive to H. armigera, and the attractive effect of bundles made of Populus simonii Carr was the best one.
The attractive effect of H. armigera (Hübner) to bundles of Populus simonii Carr in field: Field test showed that the spectrum of attracting insects of withered Populus simonii Carr leaves was very wide, and the spectrum includes more than 15 species belonging to 6 orders 9 families. Among these species, the number of insect of Noctuidae was the largest. The amount of male and female moths trapped by the bundles was positive correlated, with most moths captured being females. The attractive effect of 2 years old bundles made of Populus simonii Carr withered 2 days, which put in field like an umbrella and higher than cotton is better. The bundles withered 5 days did not have attractive effect. Field test also showed that the attractive effect will be better if change bundles within 5 days.
The attracting activity of the extracts of withered Populus simonii Carr leaves: The behavioral responses of adults H. armigera (Hübner) to the extraction of different kinds of trees in Shihezi by using a flight tunnel demonstrated that virgin females could respond positively to anyone of the volatiles emitted from the withered leaves of the five non-host plants. The attraction of Populus simonii Carr’s extraction is best. Populus×euramericana CL could not attract moths. The extraction of Populus simonii Car could not only attract virgin females but also attract mated females and males. Behavioral responses of adults H. armigera (Hübner) to the extraction will be different with different eclosion days and different withered days under the photo-
regime of 14L:10D. Some substances in the extraction of Populus simonii Carr have the attractive effect. The attractive effect of the extraction of Populus simonii Carr with 2 withered days leaves (17.8%) is better than the extraction of fresh leaves (4.4%) and dry leaves (3.2%).
The electroantennogram responses of CBW to the volatiles: There were no significant differences in amplitude of electroantennogram (EAG) responds between virgin females, mated females and males to the volatiles of withered leaves of Populus simonii Carr. EAG responses of virgin females reached a peak as sotophase progressed to the 7th hr. under the photoregime of 14L:10D. EAG responses of H. armigera to the extraction will be different with different eclosion days, as a whole, the EAG will decrease with eclosion days’increase. EAG responses to the extraction of Populus simonii Carr are significant, which demonstrated that chemical substance it releases has luring effect.
The preliminary analysis of the components of the volatiles from withered Populus simonii Carr leaves: A study was reported about the chemical components of the volatilizing odor from Populus simonii Carr leaves. The odor was extracted by steam distillation and further identified by gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry, ten peaks were obtained from the extracted odor, in which nine components were identified. Among these components, the number of alcohols was the largest, so this substance may be has attractive effect. The components are less, this may be mainly caused the leaves are too old and the high temperature during steam distillation resulted losing effect of some components.
The preliminary analysis of the mechanism about the attraction of Populus simonii Carr for H. armigera (Hübner): The results show that Populus simonii Carr attracts insects not because it can only provide hiding place for them, but because it is important that chemical substance it releases has luring effect.This concluded that the volatiles from Populus simonii Carr leaves did function as neither ovipositional attractant nor feeding attractant of CBW but finding courtship.
引文
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