广西城市体育中考现状调查研究
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摘要
体育中考作为我国教育体制下的一个现象存在了三十年之久,对于体育中考的作用和意义、利与弊一直是学校、家长、学生和社会共同关注的问题之一。从目前广西体育中考的发展以及对学校体育的影响、对学生身心健康的发展看,有积极的作用,也存在着不少问题,与实施体育中考的目的还有一定距离。本文以广西城市体育中考为研究对象,采用文献资料法、问卷调查法、访谈法、逻辑分析法、数理统计法等研究方法,对广西城市体育中考现状以及存在的问题进行深入的分析研究。
研究结果表明:(1)广西城市体育中考经历了三个重要阶段,起步阶段(2001—2002)、中断阶段(2003—2005)、恢复阶段(2006—至今);体育中考覆盖面大,有90%的广西城市初中学生参加体育中考;(2)三市市区体育中考评分标准无显著性差异,能反映学生体质状况,设置较科学,但仍需进一步完善,如单项评分标准的设定;(3)体育中考项目设置没有统一的标准,基本上遵循了初中生体质发育特点来设置,其中南宁市区项目设置多样,能够以学生为本,兼顾学生兴趣和学生体质的提高;(4)各市监督组织机制较为完善,社会认同度较高,但仍存在人为操作因素大的问题;(5)影响广西城市体育中考的因素有:决策部门的重视程度;体育中考的评分标准、项目设置、监督组织机制;学校体育开展状况;现行考试制度。(6)促进广西城市体育中考发展的几点建议:加强学校决策部门对体育中考的重视程度;统筹项目之间评分标准,科学设定单项评分标准;科学设定体育中考项目,统筹提高学生体质和满足学生体育锻炼兴趣之间的关系;规范体育中考的监督机制,减少人为操作机率;提高相关人群对体育中考的正确认识;加强对学校体育的监管力度;规范学校体育建设,优化教学资源;提高学生健身意识,树立正确的体育观和体育价值观;营造良好的学校体育环境和良好的学校健身氛围
Under the educational system in our country, the physical examination as one kind of phenomenon has existed for nearly thirty years and its impact,significance,advantages,disadvantages have been received much concerns among schools, parents, students and society. From the perspective of the development and its effects on the development of students’physical and psychological health, the physical examination indeed has positive effect,but also has many problems, and there is still a certain distance to the purpose of implementing the physical examination. In this paper, the urban physical examination in Guangxi will be the subjects, and several research methods such as documentary, questionnaire, Interview method, logical analysis, mathematical statistics method will be carried out to make a deep analysis on the investigation of urban physical examination in Guangxi.
The results indicate that: (1) the urban physical examination in Guangxi has undergone three important stages: starting stage (2001-2002), suspending stage(2003-2005), and recovery stage (2006-nowadays). the physical examination in Guangxi has a larger coverage, and 90% of students have participated into the physical examination; (2) the assessment standards of scores in physical examination can reflect students’physical health, but there are still some problems on the aspects of the lack of overall consideration and no scientific criteria on the single assessment; (3) there isn’t achieved the agreed standard in the setting items in the physical examination, and basically setting these items in accordance with the characteristics of the junior students’growth development, the items in Nanning are various in the setup,paying more attention to the student-oriented and take students’interests and improvement in constitution into consideration; (4) municipal supervision mechanism develop better and social identify is relatively high, but there is still existing the artificial operational problem;(5) the factors affecting the physcial examination are as follows: the degree of attentions among decision-making departments, assessment standards for physical examination, items setup, monitoring-organization mechanism, the current states for the development of physcial examination,current test system;(6) there are some suggestions for improving the urban physical examination: enhancing school decision-making departments on physical examination; considering the assessment standard among the all the items and setting up the single assessment scientifically; setting up the scientific test items, balancing the relationship between the students’body constitution and their interests in the exercising; regulating the monitoring mechanism in the physical examination, reducing the rate of human operation;improving the correct recognition to the physical examination among relevant crowds; enhancing the degrees of monitoring in physcial examination; regulating the school sports construction and optimize the teaching resources; improving students' fitness consciousness and promoting the students' interest and individual development, cultivating students' good fitness habits and setting up the correct view of sports and sports value; creating a good school enviroment and good school sports fitness atmosphere.
研究结果表明:(1)广西城市体育中考经历了三个重要阶段,起步阶段(2001—2002)、中断阶段(2003—2005)、恢复阶段(2006—至今);体育中考覆盖面大,有90%的广西城市初中学生参加体育中考;(2)三市市区体育中考评分标准无显著性差异,能反映学生体质状况,设置较科学,但仍需进一步完善,如单项评分标准的设定;(3)体育中考项目设置没有统一的标准,基本上遵循了初中生体质发育特点来设置,其中南宁市区项目设置多样,能够以学生为本,兼顾学生兴趣和学生体质的提高;(4)各市监督组织机制较为完善,社会认同度较高,但仍存在人为操作因素大的问题;(5)影响广西城市体育中考的因素有:决策部门的重视程度;体育中考的评分标准、项目设置、监督组织机制;学校体育开展状况;现行考试制度。(6)促进广西城市体育中考发展的几点建议:加强学校决策部门对体育中考的重视程度;统筹项目之间评分标准,科学设定单项评分标准;科学设定体育中考项目,统筹提高学生体质和满足学生体育锻炼兴趣之间的关系;规范体育中考的监督机制,减少人为操作机率;提高相关人群对体育中考的正确认识;加强对学校体育的监管力度;规范学校体育建设,优化教学资源;提高学生健身意识,树立正确的体育观和体育价值观;营造良好的学校体育环境和良好的学校健身氛围
Under the educational system in our country, the physical examination as one kind of phenomenon has existed for nearly thirty years and its impact,significance,advantages,disadvantages have been received much concerns among schools, parents, students and society. From the perspective of the development and its effects on the development of students’physical and psychological health, the physical examination indeed has positive effect,but also has many problems, and there is still a certain distance to the purpose of implementing the physical examination. In this paper, the urban physical examination in Guangxi will be the subjects, and several research methods such as documentary, questionnaire, Interview method, logical analysis, mathematical statistics method will be carried out to make a deep analysis on the investigation of urban physical examination in Guangxi.
The results indicate that: (1) the urban physical examination in Guangxi has undergone three important stages: starting stage (2001-2002), suspending stage(2003-2005), and recovery stage (2006-nowadays). the physical examination in Guangxi has a larger coverage, and 90% of students have participated into the physical examination; (2) the assessment standards of scores in physical examination can reflect students’physical health, but there are still some problems on the aspects of the lack of overall consideration and no scientific criteria on the single assessment; (3) there isn’t achieved the agreed standard in the setting items in the physical examination, and basically setting these items in accordance with the characteristics of the junior students’growth development, the items in Nanning are various in the setup,paying more attention to the student-oriented and take students’interests and improvement in constitution into consideration; (4) municipal supervision mechanism develop better and social identify is relatively high, but there is still existing the artificial operational problem;(5) the factors affecting the physcial examination are as follows: the degree of attentions among decision-making departments, assessment standards for physical examination, items setup, monitoring-organization mechanism, the current states for the development of physcial examination,current test system;(6) there are some suggestions for improving the urban physical examination: enhancing school decision-making departments on physical examination; considering the assessment standard among the all the items and setting up the single assessment scientifically; setting up the scientific test items, balancing the relationship between the students’body constitution and their interests in the exercising; regulating the monitoring mechanism in the physical examination, reducing the rate of human operation;improving the correct recognition to the physical examination among relevant crowds; enhancing the degrees of monitoring in physcial examination; regulating the school sports construction and optimize the teaching resources; improving students' fitness consciousness and promoting the students' interest and individual development, cultivating students' good fitness habits and setting up the correct view of sports and sports value; creating a good school enviroment and good school sports fitness atmosphere.
引文
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[2]国家教育委员会、国家体育运动委员会.学校体育工作条例[S].1990.03.27.
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[5]余益中认真贯彻落实《中共中央国务院关于加强青少年体育增强青少年体质的意见》精神努力开创我区学校体育工作新局面[R] 2007(12)
[6]陈及治.体育统计[M].北京:人民体育出版社, 2002 .82
[7]柳州市教育局2009年柳州市初中毕业升学考试体育测试办法柳教基字〔2009〕18号
[8]桂林市教育局桂林市2009年初中毕业升学考试体育测试方案.2009
[9]南宁市教育局南宁市2009年初中毕业升学考试体育考试实施办法.2009
[1]陈文卿,谢翔学校体育学[M]广西:广西师范大学出版社2006
[2]周登嵩学校体育学[M]北京:人民体育出版社2004.11
[3]潘绍伟,于可红学校体育学[M]北京:高等教育出版社2005.7
[4]李祥学校体育学[M]北京:高等教育出版社2001
[5]刘善言学校体育学[M]山东:山东大学出版社2001
[6]谢敏,王建军等我国中学生体质下降的社会学分析与对策[J]吉林体育学院学报2007(6)
[7]杨现新1995～2000年河南中学生体质变化趋势分析[J]实用预防医学2004.2
[8]钱艳芬2005年建水县中学生体质健康状况[J]中国校医2008.8
[9]赵家庆关于中学生体质调查的思考[J]贵州体育科技1998(1)
[10]庄小芳南京市城区学生体质现状分析与对策研究[]南京师范大学硕士论文[]林小虎少数民族地区农村中学生体质状况调查与分析[J]中国现代医药杂志2006.5
[11]王转怀农村中学生体质下降的成因与对策[J]甘肃教育2008.5
[12]王荣华浅谈体育锻炼对增强中学生体质的作用[J]沧州师范专科学校学报1999.6
[13]李玉红浅悉增强中学生体质的方法[J]河南大学学报2005.8
[14]孙鲁芳谈中学生体质测试存在的问题及改进措施[J]南都学坛1999.6
[15]胡明我国中学生体质下降原因剖析与对策[J]锦州师范学院学报2002.12
[16]唐晓浅谈初中体育课中的素质教育[J]四川教育学院学报2002.12
[17]金明前初中体育课程设置研究—深圳市龙岗区体育课兴趣调查[J]九江学院学报2006(3)
[18]鞠鸿初中体育课的现状分析和对策[J]新课程2008.10
[19]宋超美初中“体育与健康”新课程教学探索[M]北京:北京体育大学出版社2005.9
[20]夏思勇中学体育教材教法[M]成都:西南师范大学出版社2001年
[21]潘绍伟中学体育新课程教材教法[M]广西:广西师范大学出版社2005.7
[22]杨铁黎中小学体育教学评价的基本理论与实践[M]北京:北京体育大学出版社
[23]卞学军常州地区高中升学体育考试对体育教学效应研究[J]南京师范学院学报2000.6
[24]陈振明,王晶论中考体育加试与社会信息反馈-认真改革体育中考加试方法提高体育教学质量[J]江西教育学院学报1999.12
[25]马世峰如何正确处理中考后毕业班的体育课[J]体育师友1998.6
[26]李吉荣谈谈由中考体育所想到的几个问题[J]邵通师专学报1999.6
[27]何泉根体育教学与体育中考及课余训练之间的关系[J]苏州教育学院学报1997.6
[28]王秀兰,韩海军体育新课程标准对中考指导作用的调查分析[J]四川教育学院学报2007.2
[29]陈庆伟在体育教学中实施考教分离的探索与实践[J]本溪冶金高等专科学校学报2000.3
[30]段昌贻,王孝治中考体育与体育教学[J]商洛师专学报1997.4
[31]徐金尧,张夏榕等初中毕业升学体育考试的实验研究[J]浙江师范大学学报2004.8
[32]高贵磊浅析中考体育考试项目的技术原理及训练方法[J]济宁师专学报2000.12
[33]董玉顺浅析体育中考的准备[J]连云港教育学院学报1999(3)
[34]罗瑞军,罗瑞英试谈提高中考体育成绩的几点体会[J]内蒙古教育学院学报2000.9
[35]杨利,王健体育中考对体育教学的负面影响[J]课程教材教学研究2008(43)
[36]黄桂花体育中考时学生最佳状态的调节[J]天水师专学报1999(3)
[37]章苗春中考体育测试因其运动损伤的调查[J]中国校医1999(13)
[38]余洪谈耐力跑教学与中考体育绩效[J]江西教育学院学报1998.
[39]魏有为关于中学生体质健康状况的调查与研究[J]开封教育学院学报2005.9
[40]陈辉,梁健等哈尼族中学生体质发展状况分析[J]体育学刊2006.3
[41]邵连杰河南省中学学生体质状况的影响因素及对策[]河南大学硕士论文库
[42]郑娄杰,周建伟等沿海乡村中学生体质状况的调研分析[J]北京体育大学学报2005.7。
[43]万有善,王晓宇中学生体质下降因素分析与对策研究[J]哈尔滨体育学院学报2008.6
[2]国家教育委员会、国家体育运动委员会.学校体育工作条例[S].1990.03.27.
[3]教材编写组.体育概论[M ].北京:人民体育出版社, 1989.
[4]国学学生体质健康调研组.2005年全国学生体质健康调研工作手册[M].2005(6).
[5]余益中认真贯彻落实《中共中央国务院关于加强青少年体育增强青少年体质的意见》精神努力开创我区学校体育工作新局面[R] 2007(12)
[6]陈及治.体育统计[M].北京:人民体育出版社, 2002 .82
[7]柳州市教育局2009年柳州市初中毕业升学考试体育测试办法柳教基字〔2009〕18号
[8]桂林市教育局桂林市2009年初中毕业升学考试体育测试方案.2009
[9]南宁市教育局南宁市2009年初中毕业升学考试体育考试实施办法.2009
[1]陈文卿,谢翔学校体育学[M]广西:广西师范大学出版社2006
[2]周登嵩学校体育学[M]北京:人民体育出版社2004.11
[3]潘绍伟,于可红学校体育学[M]北京:高等教育出版社2005.7
[4]李祥学校体育学[M]北京:高等教育出版社2001
[5]刘善言学校体育学[M]山东:山东大学出版社2001
[6]谢敏,王建军等我国中学生体质下降的社会学分析与对策[J]吉林体育学院学报2007(6)
[7]杨现新1995～2000年河南中学生体质变化趋势分析[J]实用预防医学2004.2
[8]钱艳芬2005年建水县中学生体质健康状况[J]中国校医2008.8
[9]赵家庆关于中学生体质调查的思考[J]贵州体育科技1998(1)
[10]庄小芳南京市城区学生体质现状分析与对策研究[]南京师范大学硕士论文[]林小虎少数民族地区农村中学生体质状况调查与分析[J]中国现代医药杂志2006.5
[11]王转怀农村中学生体质下降的成因与对策[J]甘肃教育2008.5
[12]王荣华浅谈体育锻炼对增强中学生体质的作用[J]沧州师范专科学校学报1999.6
[13]李玉红浅悉增强中学生体质的方法[J]河南大学学报2005.8
[14]孙鲁芳谈中学生体质测试存在的问题及改进措施[J]南都学坛1999.6
[15]胡明我国中学生体质下降原因剖析与对策[J]锦州师范学院学报2002.12
[16]唐晓浅谈初中体育课中的素质教育[J]四川教育学院学报2002.12
[17]金明前初中体育课程设置研究—深圳市龙岗区体育课兴趣调查[J]九江学院学报2006(3)
[18]鞠鸿初中体育课的现状分析和对策[J]新课程2008.10
[19]宋超美初中“体育与健康”新课程教学探索[M]北京:北京体育大学出版社2005.9
[20]夏思勇中学体育教材教法[M]成都:西南师范大学出版社2001年
[21]潘绍伟中学体育新课程教材教法[M]广西:广西师范大学出版社2005.7
[22]杨铁黎中小学体育教学评价的基本理论与实践[M]北京:北京体育大学出版社
[23]卞学军常州地区高中升学体育考试对体育教学效应研究[J]南京师范学院学报2000.6
[24]陈振明,王晶论中考体育加试与社会信息反馈-认真改革体育中考加试方法提高体育教学质量[J]江西教育学院学报1999.12
[25]马世峰如何正确处理中考后毕业班的体育课[J]体育师友1998.6
[26]李吉荣谈谈由中考体育所想到的几个问题[J]邵通师专学报1999.6
[27]何泉根体育教学与体育中考及课余训练之间的关系[J]苏州教育学院学报1997.6
[28]王秀兰,韩海军体育新课程标准对中考指导作用的调查分析[J]四川教育学院学报2007.2
[29]陈庆伟在体育教学中实施考教分离的探索与实践[J]本溪冶金高等专科学校学报2000.3
[30]段昌贻,王孝治中考体育与体育教学[J]商洛师专学报1997.4
[31]徐金尧,张夏榕等初中毕业升学体育考试的实验研究[J]浙江师范大学学报2004.8
[32]高贵磊浅析中考体育考试项目的技术原理及训练方法[J]济宁师专学报2000.12
[33]董玉顺浅析体育中考的准备[J]连云港教育学院学报1999(3)
[34]罗瑞军,罗瑞英试谈提高中考体育成绩的几点体会[J]内蒙古教育学院学报2000.9
[35]杨利,王健体育中考对体育教学的负面影响[J]课程教材教学研究2008(43)
[36]黄桂花体育中考时学生最佳状态的调节[J]天水师专学报1999(3)
[37]章苗春中考体育测试因其运动损伤的调查[J]中国校医1999(13)
[38]余洪谈耐力跑教学与中考体育绩效[J]江西教育学院学报1998.
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[40]陈辉,梁健等哈尼族中学生体质发展状况分析[J]体育学刊2006.3
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