基于建筑设备物联网的分布式谐波在线监测系统
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摘要
近年来,随着信息工业产业和现代电力电子技术等现代科学技术迅猛的发展,建筑物内的谐波源越来越多,电网中大量存在的谐波给民用建筑配电系统及用电设备造成的危害日益严重。为了减轻谐波的危害,众多学者和企业一直在致力于谐波监测系统的研究。基于是否能够实时监测用电设备和配电回路的谐波情况,谐波监测系统分为离线监测和在线监测系统。离线的测试方法只能获取测试期间片面的谐波数据,虽在一定程度上有借鉴、指导意义,但无法长期得到真实详细的建筑内各种用电设备及配电线路的实时谐波数据。在线监测系统可以对电网谐波进行快速准确的监测,但是目前的在线监测系统存在装置成本高、不适合监测建筑内的多个设备或配电支路等亟待解决的问题。本课题的目的是研究一种分布式谐波在线监测系统,用于监测建筑物内的谐波状况,采用基于FFT理论的谐波分析方法,应用物联网技术,实现谐波的在线监测。本文首先对谐波监测系统的研究背景和国内外发展现状做了综述性分析,对亟待解决的关键问题进行了深入分析；简单介绍了关键技术背景知识,包括物联网技术、有线网络和无线网络通讯方式的选用等。根据系统要实现的谐波监测功能,对系统的总体方案和技术研究做了进一步分析,重点介绍了物联网节点和谐波监测终端模块的硬件设计、软件设计的详细实现方案。其次,本文对服务器软件的功能实现进行了详细表述。服务器软件采用Browser/Server结构设计,服务器软件技术架构分为四层：数据采集层、数据层、业务层和表示层；文中对每一层都进行了详细描述。根据分布式谐波在线监测系统的功能以及系统设计方案,搭建了实验平台,验证系统的分析精度,并给出了实验结果及具体应用情况。最后,总结了系统的主要研究工作和存在的不足之处,并对未来的研究和应用前景作了展望。
The harmonic sources within the building get more and more in recent years, with the rapid development of modern science and technology such as information industry and modern power electronic technique. There are a lot of harmonics in the grid, and the harm caused by it to the civil power distribution systems and electrical equipment is serious day by day. The research on harmonic detection system is in progress so as to reduce the harmonic harm. Many scholars and companies have devoted to the research on harmonic detection system in order to reduce the harmonic harm.Harmonic detection system possesses the capable of monitoring electrical equipment and distribution circuits harmonic. It is divided into off-line monitoring and on-line monitoring system, which is based on whether the system is a real-time one. The off-line testing methods can only test the unilateral harmonic data, which can be used for reference in some degree, but long-term and real-time harmonic data of a variety of electrical equipment and distribution lines in building cannot be obtained. The on-line monitoring system can detect the harmonic quickly and accurately. But there are some slip problems to be solved such as the high cost of the installation and the online monitoring system is the high cost of devices and not suitable for monitoring multi-device or power distribution branches.The purpose of this project is to study a distributed harmonic detection system, which used to detect harmonic. FFT-based theory and the Internet of Things technology are adopted in harmonic analysis, while harmonic on-line detection is realized.Firstly, the research background and the domestic and overseas development states were summarized in the paper, and further analysis was made on some key problems needing to be solved. Then the important background knowledge used in the subject was introduced simply, including the Internet of Things technology and the selection of wired and wireless networks. According to the harmonic detection function to be achieved in the system, the paper made a deep analysis on the overall scheme and technology research. The hardware and software design of the Internet of Things nodes and the harmonic detection terminal module were introduced emphatically.Secondly, a detailed representation of the server software functions was given. The Browser/Server architecture design was used in the server software. The technical architecture to the server software was divided into four layers, which included the data collection layer, the data layer, the business layer and the presentation layer. Each layer was described in detail. An experimental platform was built according to the functions and system design scheme of the distributed harmonic detection system. Then the analysis accuracy was verified and the experimental results and functional verification were displayed.Finally, summarize the main research work and the existence of inadequacies, and future research and application prospect prospected.
The harmonic sources within the building get more and more in recent years, with the rapid development of modern science and technology such as information industry and modern power electronic technique. There are a lot of harmonics in the grid, and the harm caused by it to the civil power distribution systems and electrical equipment is serious day by day. The research on harmonic detection system is in progress so as to reduce the harmonic harm. Many scholars and companies have devoted to the research on harmonic detection system in order to reduce the harmonic harm.Harmonic detection system possesses the capable of monitoring electrical equipment and distribution circuits harmonic. It is divided into off-line monitoring and on-line monitoring system, which is based on whether the system is a real-time one. The off-line testing methods can only test the unilateral harmonic data, which can be used for reference in some degree, but long-term and real-time harmonic data of a variety of electrical equipment and distribution lines in building cannot be obtained. The on-line monitoring system can detect the harmonic quickly and accurately. But there are some slip problems to be solved such as the high cost of the installation and the online monitoring system is the high cost of devices and not suitable for monitoring multi-device or power distribution branches.The purpose of this project is to study a distributed harmonic detection system, which used to detect harmonic. FFT-based theory and the Internet of Things technology are adopted in harmonic analysis, while harmonic on-line detection is realized.Firstly, the research background and the domestic and overseas development states were summarized in the paper, and further analysis was made on some key problems needing to be solved. Then the important background knowledge used in the subject was introduced simply, including the Internet of Things technology and the selection of wired and wireless networks. According to the harmonic detection function to be achieved in the system, the paper made a deep analysis on the overall scheme and technology research. The hardware and software design of the Internet of Things nodes and the harmonic detection terminal module were introduced emphatically.Secondly, a detailed representation of the server software functions was given. The Browser/Server architecture design was used in the server software. The technical architecture to the server software was divided into four layers, which included the data collection layer, the data layer, the business layer and the presentation layer. Each layer was described in detail. An experimental platform was built according to the functions and system design scheme of the distributed harmonic detection system. Then the analysis accuracy was verified and the experimental results and functional verification were displayed.Finally, summarize the main research work and the existence of inadequacies, and future research and application prospect prospected.
引文
[1]陈恩黔,王强,李存丰.现代楼宇建筑中谐波治理方法的分析与比较[J].中国电力教育,2009,22-25
[2]包西勇.电能质量关键技术的研究[D].济南：山东建筑大学,2009
[3]中华人民共和国国家技术监督局.GB/T12324-2003.中华人民共和国国家标准量与单位[S].北京：中国标准出版社.2001-5-1
[4]舒克毅.基于ARM的电力谐波监测仪的研究[D].武汉：武汉理工大学,2010
[5]于松伟.城市轨道交通供电系统设计原理与应用[M].西安：西南交大出版社,2008,(05)：301-302
[6]陈杰甫,杨泓,马旻雯,陈众励.医院供配电系统谐波状况普查与k系数研究[J].建筑电气,vol.26,no.7,pp.22-25,Jul,2007.
[7]王葵,李建超,蒋丽,潘贞存.谐波电流对低压配电网的影响分析[J].继电器,Vol.36 No.7,pp.24-28,April,2008
[8]陈双燕,雍静,陈亮.典型单相非线性负荷谐波特性研究[J].现代建筑电气vol.1,3,pp.52-56,Mar,2010.
[9]王昕.等智能建筑中的电能质量问题及其监测[J].现代建筑电气,2010
[10]韩绍甫,杜树新.电能质量监测系统设计及实现.电力自动化设备,[J].Vol.26 No.4,pp.80-83,Apr.2006
[11]刘金凤,赵松利,赖晓明,吕志滨.一种应用于建筑10kV进线的电能质量在线监测装置[J].智能建筑与城市信息,vol.11,no.9,pp.4042,Sep,2007
[12] Chen zheng guo Fangrui. Intelligent Building Harmonic Distortion Detection and Prevention [J].China Western Science and Technology,2010,9(4):29-31. (In Chinese)
[13]车远强.基于物联网的中央空调节能控制[D].济南：山东大学,2011
[14]袁清国,等物联网技术在煤矿的应用研究[C].山东煤炭学会工业信息化专业委员会2011年度工作会议暨物联网技术推进煤矿信息化学术论坛：12-13
[15] Ren Baoli Liu Xiaofeng. Discussion about Harmonic Treatment in the Distribution System of Hospitals. Building Electricity,2009,28(7):27-29. (In Chinese)
[16]张生滨,吴志勇.高可靠性RS-485总线及应用[J].信息技术,2010.8,18-20
[17]马东玺.嵌入式高速运动控制装置及其通信技术研究[D].武汉：国防科学技术大学研究生院,2004
[18]王志兵.CAN总线技术应用中的有关问题探讨[J].工业控制计算机,2009.8,47-48
[19]纪彦星,等基于以太网的数据监听方法研究与实现[J].计算机与数字工程,2010
[20]张海军.基于单片机与Internet的数控机床远程监控系统的研发[D].东北林业大学,2006
[21]何志强.基于Zigbee无线可燃气体监测系统的开发与研究[D].沈阳：沈阳工业大学,2010
[22]冀常鹏.《AVR单片机GSM/GPRS应用技术》[M].国防工业出版社,2011
[23] Bernhard H. Walke. IEEE 802 Wireless Systems [M].2007
[24]张彬.无线传感器网络MAC协议性能优化研究[D].西安：西安电子科技大学,2010
[25] Carlo Ferrari, Francesco Garelli, Stefano Griggio, Enrico Pagello. Balancing Reasoning and Reaction in a Multi-Agent Architecture. IEEE International Conference 1999(3):1599-1605
[26]黄秀珍,袁建.基于MC9S12NE64的千兆以太网交换机设计[J]电子技术应用,2008
[27]刁一峰.基于嵌入式Internet的智能家电远程遥控系统[D].长沙：湖南农业大学
[28]扶忠权.基于CPU卡的三相预付费电能表的设计与实现[D].长沙：湖南大学,2009
[29] Estrin D, Govindan R, Heidemann J S. Next century challenges:Scalable coordinate in sensor network. In: Proceedings of the 5th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Mobile Computing.1999:263-270
[30]柳海龙.WSN技术在多Agent系统中的应用[D].济南：山东建筑大学,2010
[31]赵忠华.基于ZigBee的无线传感器网络的研究与实现[D].南京：东南大学,2007
[32]杜滢,刘扬,方惠英IEEE 802.16m宽带无线技术与系统设计[M].人民邮电出版社2009
[33] Mahling,D. Why Intelligent Agents can reduce Energy Cost better.2002
[34] Simone Buso,Luigi Malesani,paolo mattavelli.Comparison of current control techniques for active filter applications, IEEE. Trans. On Industrial Electronics,Vo1.45, No.5, Oct.1998
[35]张崇巍,张兴.整流器及其控制[M].北京机械工业出版社,2003
[36]林谓勋.现代电力电子电路[M].浙江大学出版社,2002
[37]周雏维.有源电力滤波器谐波电流监测和控制新方法的研究[D].重庆大学博士论文.2001.8
[38]王群,谢品芳,苏向丰.神经元自适应谐波电流监测方法[J].电工技术杂志,1998,2：3-5
[39]郭文彬.嵌入式电网参数监测系统的研制[D].镇江：江苏大学,2006
[40]周洁.基于ARM的电网谐波监测与分析系统的研究[D].无锡：江南大学,2008
[41]刘亚南.基于CAN现场总线测控网络系统研究[D].青岛：青岛大学,2009
[42]杜小鸣.深空微弱信号的FFT算法捕获技术研究[D].北京：中国科学院电子学研究所,2008
[43]王群,姚为正,王兆安.一种简单的谐波和无功电流监测方法[J].工业仪表及自动化装置,2000,3：37-40.
[44] ITU NGN2GSI Rapporteur Group. Requirements for support of USN applications and services in NGN environment[R]. Geneva:International Telecommunication Union (ITU),2007
[45]魏利胜,费敏锐.一类时变对象网络控制建模与稳定性.微型电脑应用,2008,24(1)：14-16,34
[46]唐恩,刘涛Web Services在大型旋转机械在线诊断系统中的应用[J].2003,26(6)：6-9
[47]鲍尔(美),斯内尔(美)著,刘彦博等译Visual Studio技术大全[M].人民邮电出版社,2009
[48]何进等.基于Socket的TCP/IP网络通讯模式研究[J].计算机应用研究,2001,(8)：134-135
[49]陈耀龙,王颖.火电厂实时数据接入系统的实现[J].能源研究与利用,2003,(1)：18-22
[50]王涛.你必须知道的.NET(第2版)[M].电子工业出版社,2011
[51]梁爽,李环,吴晓艳..NET框架程序设计[M].清华大学出版社,2010
[52] John Sharp,周靖Visual C# 2010[M]武汉大学出版社,2010
[53]莱尔,苏金国,王小振,王恒Head First Ajax(中文版)[M].中国电力出版社,2011
[2]包西勇.电能质量关键技术的研究[D].济南：山东建筑大学,2009
[3]中华人民共和国国家技术监督局.GB/T12324-2003.中华人民共和国国家标准量与单位[S].北京：中国标准出版社.2001-5-1
[4]舒克毅.基于ARM的电力谐波监测仪的研究[D].武汉：武汉理工大学,2010
[5]于松伟.城市轨道交通供电系统设计原理与应用[M].西安：西南交大出版社,2008,(05)：301-302
[6]陈杰甫,杨泓,马旻雯,陈众励.医院供配电系统谐波状况普查与k系数研究[J].建筑电气,vol.26,no.7,pp.22-25,Jul,2007.
[7]王葵,李建超,蒋丽,潘贞存.谐波电流对低压配电网的影响分析[J].继电器,Vol.36 No.7,pp.24-28,April,2008
[8]陈双燕,雍静,陈亮.典型单相非线性负荷谐波特性研究[J].现代建筑电气vol.1,3,pp.52-56,Mar,2010.
[9]王昕.等智能建筑中的电能质量问题及其监测[J].现代建筑电气,2010
[10]韩绍甫,杜树新.电能质量监测系统设计及实现.电力自动化设备,[J].Vol.26 No.4,pp.80-83,Apr.2006
[11]刘金凤,赵松利,赖晓明,吕志滨.一种应用于建筑10kV进线的电能质量在线监测装置[J].智能建筑与城市信息,vol.11,no.9,pp.4042,Sep,2007
[12] Chen zheng guo Fangrui. Intelligent Building Harmonic Distortion Detection and Prevention [J].China Western Science and Technology,2010,9(4):29-31. (In Chinese)
[13]车远强.基于物联网的中央空调节能控制[D].济南：山东大学,2011
[14]袁清国,等物联网技术在煤矿的应用研究[C].山东煤炭学会工业信息化专业委员会2011年度工作会议暨物联网技术推进煤矿信息化学术论坛：12-13
[15] Ren Baoli Liu Xiaofeng. Discussion about Harmonic Treatment in the Distribution System of Hospitals. Building Electricity,2009,28(7):27-29. (In Chinese)
[16]张生滨,吴志勇.高可靠性RS-485总线及应用[J].信息技术,2010.8,18-20
[17]马东玺.嵌入式高速运动控制装置及其通信技术研究[D].武汉：国防科学技术大学研究生院,2004
[18]王志兵.CAN总线技术应用中的有关问题探讨[J].工业控制计算机,2009.8,47-48
[19]纪彦星,等基于以太网的数据监听方法研究与实现[J].计算机与数字工程,2010
[20]张海军.基于单片机与Internet的数控机床远程监控系统的研发[D].东北林业大学,2006
[21]何志强.基于Zigbee无线可燃气体监测系统的开发与研究[D].沈阳：沈阳工业大学,2010
[22]冀常鹏.《AVR单片机GSM/GPRS应用技术》[M].国防工业出版社,2011
[23] Bernhard H. Walke. IEEE 802 Wireless Systems [M].2007
[24]张彬.无线传感器网络MAC协议性能优化研究[D].西安：西安电子科技大学,2010
[25] Carlo Ferrari, Francesco Garelli, Stefano Griggio, Enrico Pagello. Balancing Reasoning and Reaction in a Multi-Agent Architecture. IEEE International Conference 1999(3):1599-1605
[26]黄秀珍,袁建.基于MC9S12NE64的千兆以太网交换机设计[J]电子技术应用,2008
[27]刁一峰.基于嵌入式Internet的智能家电远程遥控系统[D].长沙：湖南农业大学
[28]扶忠权.基于CPU卡的三相预付费电能表的设计与实现[D].长沙：湖南大学,2009
[29] Estrin D, Govindan R, Heidemann J S. Next century challenges:Scalable coordinate in sensor network. In: Proceedings of the 5th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Mobile Computing.1999:263-270
[30]柳海龙.WSN技术在多Agent系统中的应用[D].济南：山东建筑大学,2010
[31]赵忠华.基于ZigBee的无线传感器网络的研究与实现[D].南京：东南大学,2007
[32]杜滢,刘扬,方惠英IEEE 802.16m宽带无线技术与系统设计[M].人民邮电出版社2009
[33] Mahling,D. Why Intelligent Agents can reduce Energy Cost better.2002
[34] Simone Buso,Luigi Malesani,paolo mattavelli.Comparison of current control techniques for active filter applications, IEEE. Trans. On Industrial Electronics,Vo1.45, No.5, Oct.1998
[35]张崇巍,张兴.整流器及其控制[M].北京机械工业出版社,2003
[36]林谓勋.现代电力电子电路[M].浙江大学出版社,2002
[37]周雏维.有源电力滤波器谐波电流监测和控制新方法的研究[D].重庆大学博士论文.2001.8
[38]王群,谢品芳,苏向丰.神经元自适应谐波电流监测方法[J].电工技术杂志,1998,2：3-5
[39]郭文彬.嵌入式电网参数监测系统的研制[D].镇江：江苏大学,2006
[40]周洁.基于ARM的电网谐波监测与分析系统的研究[D].无锡：江南大学,2008
[41]刘亚南.基于CAN现场总线测控网络系统研究[D].青岛：青岛大学,2009
[42]杜小鸣.深空微弱信号的FFT算法捕获技术研究[D].北京：中国科学院电子学研究所,2008
[43]王群,姚为正,王兆安.一种简单的谐波和无功电流监测方法[J].工业仪表及自动化装置,2000,3：37-40.
[44] ITU NGN2GSI Rapporteur Group. Requirements for support of USN applications and services in NGN environment[R]. Geneva:International Telecommunication Union (ITU),2007
[45]魏利胜,费敏锐.一类时变对象网络控制建模与稳定性.微型电脑应用,2008,24(1)：14-16,34
[46]唐恩,刘涛Web Services在大型旋转机械在线诊断系统中的应用[J].2003,26(6)：6-9
[47]鲍尔(美),斯内尔(美)著,刘彦博等译Visual Studio技术大全[M].人民邮电出版社,2009
[48]何进等.基于Socket的TCP/IP网络通讯模式研究[J].计算机应用研究,2001,(8)：134-135
[49]陈耀龙,王颖.火电厂实时数据接入系统的实现[J].能源研究与利用,2003,(1)：18-22
[50]王涛.你必须知道的.NET(第2版)[M].电子工业出版社,2011
[51]梁爽,李环,吴晓艳..NET框架程序设计[M].清华大学出版社,2010
[52] John Sharp,周靖Visual C# 2010[M]武汉大学出版社,2010
[53]莱尔,苏金国,王小振,王恒Head First Ajax(中文版)[M].中国电力出版社,2011