不同化感效应小麦根系分泌物对黄瓜生长及土壤生态环境的影响
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摘要
黄瓜是设施栽培的主要蔬菜种类,栽培面积约占蔬菜设施栽培面积的60%。由于市场需求和有限耕地的矛盾,以及栽培习惯和经济利益的驱动,使连作现象普遍,连作障碍严重。有研究表明,黄瓜与小麦轮套作有利于改善黄瓜土壤微生态环境,提高黄瓜产量及品质。
本试验通过研究不同品种(系)小麦根系分泌物对黄瓜的化感效应,筛选出两个对黄瓜有显著化感差异的小麦品种(系),探索其对黄瓜生长及土壤生态环境的影响,试图阐明黄瓜-小麦种植体系中小麦根系分泌物的化感效应及其土壤生态学效应,为合理栽培制度的建立和推广提供理论依据。研究主要结果如下:
1、供试的40个小麦品种(系)根系分泌物对黄瓜的化感效应存在差异, 70.25 %的小麦品种(系)根系分泌物对黄瓜的综合化感效应为促进作用,龙辐04-0348对黄瓜的化感促进效应最强,龙辐17化感抑制效应最强。
2、不同化感效应小麦根系分泌物均促进了黄瓜幼苗地下部干重,并显著促进了幼苗株高。化感促进效应小麦根系分泌物对黄瓜幼苗的株高、茎粗、地下部干重均表现出促进作用;化感抑制效应小麦根系分泌物对黄瓜幼苗的株高、茎粗、地上部干重均表现出前期抑制,后期促进的趋势。定植后,黄瓜病害、产量无显著变化。
3、不同化感效应小麦根系分泌物表现出先提高后降低了黄瓜幼苗土壤pH值,先降低后提高了黄瓜幼苗土壤EC值的趋势。化感促进效应小麦根系分泌物表现出提高黄瓜幼苗土壤碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量的趋势;化感抑制效应小麦根系分泌物表现出先降低后提高黄瓜幼苗土壤碱解氮、速效磷含量,先提高后降低速效钾含量的趋势。不同化感效应小麦根系分泌均表现出先提高后降低无苗土壤碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量的趋势。土壤有机质变化规律不明显。
4、不同化感效应小麦根系分泌物均表现出提高黄瓜幼苗土壤和无苗土壤的脲酶活性,先降低后提高过氧化氢酶活性的趋势。化感促进效应小麦根系分泌物表现出先提高后降低黄瓜幼苗土壤和无苗土壤中性磷酸酶活性的趋势;化感抑制效应小根系分泌物表现出先降低后提高黄瓜幼苗土壤中性磷酸酶活性,先提高后降低无苗土壤中性磷酸酶活性的趋势。不同化感效应小麦根系分泌物前期对黄瓜幼苗土壤和无苗土壤的脱氢酶活性有显著抑制作用,后期有逐渐提高的趋势。
5、不同化感效应小麦根系分泌物均降低了黄瓜幼苗土壤和无苗土壤的真菌数量。化感促进效应小麦根系分泌物降低了黄瓜幼苗土壤放线菌数量,表现出先降低后提高黄瓜幼苗土壤细菌数量的趋势;提高了无苗土壤细菌数量,表现出先提高后降低无苗土壤放线菌数量的趋势。化感抑制效应小麦根系分泌物提高了黄瓜幼苗土壤细菌数量,表现出先提高后降低黄瓜幼苗土壤和无苗土壤放线菌数量的趋势。化感促进效应小麦根系分泌物对土壤微生物生物量碳氮影响规律不明显,化感抑制效应小麦根系分泌物提高了黄瓜幼苗土壤和无苗土壤微生物生物量碳氮。不同化感效应小麦根系分泌物均表现出先降低后提高黄瓜幼苗土壤真菌DGGE图谱条带数和多样性指数,提高无苗土壤真菌DGGE图谱条带数和多样性指数的趋势。
6、套种不同化感效应的小麦,提高了黄瓜土壤碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾、有机质含量及pH值,降低了EC值;提高了土壤脲酶、中性磷酸酶及脱氢酶活性;提高了土壤细菌数量及微生物生物量碳氮。套种化感促进效应小麦,降低了黄瓜土壤真菌数量,提高了放线菌数量、过氧化氢酶活性以及真菌DGGE图谱条带数和多样性指数,黄瓜增产2.9%;套种化感抑制效应小麦提高了黄瓜真菌、放线菌数量,降低了过氧化氢酶活性以及真菌DGGE图谱条带数和多样性指数,黄瓜增产25.5%。
As one of the most popular greenhouse plants, cucumber accounts for 60% of facility cultivated area. Not only because of the contradiction between the increasing market demand and limited arable land, but also driving by cultivation habits and economic benefits, soil sickness of cucumber is common, which leads to the severe continuous cropping obstacle. The new study suggests that the rotation and intercropping of the cucumber and wheat help to improve the soil environment of cucumber and enhance the quality and quantity of cucumber.
This experiment attempts to analysis the allelopathy effect of different cultivars of wheat root exudates on cucumber, screen out two different cultivars of wheat which made great allelopathy effect on the growth of cucumber, explore the influence of wheat root exudates on the growth of cucumber and the soil environment. Through explaining the allelopathy effect of wheat root exudates on cucumber and soil environment, the author tries to provide theory basis for the establishing and popularizing of the rational cultivation system. Main results of this paper were as flowing:
1. According to the synthesize effect value of allelopathy index on cucumber which collected from 40 wheat cultivars, 70.25 % of root exudates of wheat cultivars play a positive role in synthesized allelopathy effects of cucumber seedlings. In the 40 wheat cultivars, Longfu 04-0348(L11) had the most significant stimulatory effect, and Longfu 17 had the most significant inhibitory effect.
2. The Wheat root exudates which play an active allelopathy show excellent acceleration effect on stem length stem diameter, belowground dry weight of cucumber seedlings. The Wheat root exudates which play inhibitory effect show that during the early stage exudates restrained the growth of stem length, stem diameter, aboveground dry weight of cucumber seedlings, while during the late stage exudates accelerated these index.The main disease and economic yield of cucumber were not obvious changed.
3. The Wheat root exudates increase the soil PH value of cucumber seedlings first and then decrease, while decrease the soil EC value of cucumber seedlings first and then increase. The Wheat root exudates which play an active allelopathy increase the content of available Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium in cucumber seedlings soil. The Wheat root exudates which play inhibitory effect decrease the content of available available Nitrogen, Phosphorus first and then increase, but increase the content of Potassium first and then decrease. Wheat root exudates decrease the content of available Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium in cucumber non-seedlings soil first and then increase. The change of soil organic matter is not obvious.
4. The wheat root exudates increased cucumber urease activity in cucumber seedlings and non-seedlings soil, however decreased catalase activity first and then increased. The Wheat root exudates which play an active allelopathy increased neutral phosphatase activity in cucumber seedling and non-seedling soil and then decreased. The Wheat root exudates which play inhibitory effect decreased neutral phosphatase activity in cucumber seedling oil first and then increase. At the same time, it increased neutral phosphatase activity in cucumber non-seedling soil and then decreased. The Wheat root exudates exhibited the significant inhibition on soil dehydrogenase activity in early stage and gradually increased in late stage.
5. The Wheat root exudates reduced fungi quantity in cucumber seedlings and non-seedlings soil. The Wheat root exudates which play an active allelopathy effect decreased the number of bacteria in cucumber seedlings soil and then increased, meanwhile, decreased the number of actinomycetes. It increased the number of bacteria in cucumber non-seedlings soil, at the same time increased the number of actinomycetes first and then decreased. It had an unconspicuous effect on biomass of C, N in soil microorganism. The Wheat root exudates which play inhibitory effect increased the number of bacteria in cucumber seedlings soil, increased the number of actinomycetes and then decreased. It increased microorganism biomass of C, N in seedling and non-seedlings soil. Almost all the Wheat root exudates decreased DGGE profile bands and diversity index in cucumber seedlings soil at the beginning and then decreased. Besides, exudates increased DGGE profile bands and diversity index in cucumber non-seedlings soil.
6. With wheat intercropping treatments, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, available K, organic matter, pH value increased and decreased EC value. The activity of urease, neutral phosphatase and dehydrogenase was strengthened. The number of bacteria and microorganism biomass of C, N in soil were grown. By interplanting wheat which play an active allelopathy effect, the number of fungi in cucumber soil was decreased, the number of actinomycetes, catalase activity, DGGE band numbers and diversity indices of the soil bacteria were increased. Meanwhile, Cucumber production rose by 2.9%. By interplanting wheat which plays inhibitory effect, the number of fungi and actinomycetes was increased, but the DGGE band numbers and diversity indices were decreased. As a result, Cucumber production rose by 25.5%.
本试验通过研究不同品种(系)小麦根系分泌物对黄瓜的化感效应,筛选出两个对黄瓜有显著化感差异的小麦品种(系),探索其对黄瓜生长及土壤生态环境的影响,试图阐明黄瓜-小麦种植体系中小麦根系分泌物的化感效应及其土壤生态学效应,为合理栽培制度的建立和推广提供理论依据。研究主要结果如下:
1、供试的40个小麦品种(系)根系分泌物对黄瓜的化感效应存在差异, 70.25 %的小麦品种(系)根系分泌物对黄瓜的综合化感效应为促进作用,龙辐04-0348对黄瓜的化感促进效应最强,龙辐17化感抑制效应最强。
2、不同化感效应小麦根系分泌物均促进了黄瓜幼苗地下部干重,并显著促进了幼苗株高。化感促进效应小麦根系分泌物对黄瓜幼苗的株高、茎粗、地下部干重均表现出促进作用;化感抑制效应小麦根系分泌物对黄瓜幼苗的株高、茎粗、地上部干重均表现出前期抑制,后期促进的趋势。定植后,黄瓜病害、产量无显著变化。
3、不同化感效应小麦根系分泌物表现出先提高后降低了黄瓜幼苗土壤pH值,先降低后提高了黄瓜幼苗土壤EC值的趋势。化感促进效应小麦根系分泌物表现出提高黄瓜幼苗土壤碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量的趋势;化感抑制效应小麦根系分泌物表现出先降低后提高黄瓜幼苗土壤碱解氮、速效磷含量,先提高后降低速效钾含量的趋势。不同化感效应小麦根系分泌均表现出先提高后降低无苗土壤碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量的趋势。土壤有机质变化规律不明显。
4、不同化感效应小麦根系分泌物均表现出提高黄瓜幼苗土壤和无苗土壤的脲酶活性,先降低后提高过氧化氢酶活性的趋势。化感促进效应小麦根系分泌物表现出先提高后降低黄瓜幼苗土壤和无苗土壤中性磷酸酶活性的趋势;化感抑制效应小根系分泌物表现出先降低后提高黄瓜幼苗土壤中性磷酸酶活性,先提高后降低无苗土壤中性磷酸酶活性的趋势。不同化感效应小麦根系分泌物前期对黄瓜幼苗土壤和无苗土壤的脱氢酶活性有显著抑制作用,后期有逐渐提高的趋势。
5、不同化感效应小麦根系分泌物均降低了黄瓜幼苗土壤和无苗土壤的真菌数量。化感促进效应小麦根系分泌物降低了黄瓜幼苗土壤放线菌数量,表现出先降低后提高黄瓜幼苗土壤细菌数量的趋势;提高了无苗土壤细菌数量,表现出先提高后降低无苗土壤放线菌数量的趋势。化感抑制效应小麦根系分泌物提高了黄瓜幼苗土壤细菌数量,表现出先提高后降低黄瓜幼苗土壤和无苗土壤放线菌数量的趋势。化感促进效应小麦根系分泌物对土壤微生物生物量碳氮影响规律不明显,化感抑制效应小麦根系分泌物提高了黄瓜幼苗土壤和无苗土壤微生物生物量碳氮。不同化感效应小麦根系分泌物均表现出先降低后提高黄瓜幼苗土壤真菌DGGE图谱条带数和多样性指数,提高无苗土壤真菌DGGE图谱条带数和多样性指数的趋势。
6、套种不同化感效应的小麦,提高了黄瓜土壤碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾、有机质含量及pH值,降低了EC值;提高了土壤脲酶、中性磷酸酶及脱氢酶活性;提高了土壤细菌数量及微生物生物量碳氮。套种化感促进效应小麦,降低了黄瓜土壤真菌数量,提高了放线菌数量、过氧化氢酶活性以及真菌DGGE图谱条带数和多样性指数,黄瓜增产2.9%;套种化感抑制效应小麦提高了黄瓜真菌、放线菌数量,降低了过氧化氢酶活性以及真菌DGGE图谱条带数和多样性指数,黄瓜增产25.5%。
As one of the most popular greenhouse plants, cucumber accounts for 60% of facility cultivated area. Not only because of the contradiction between the increasing market demand and limited arable land, but also driving by cultivation habits and economic benefits, soil sickness of cucumber is common, which leads to the severe continuous cropping obstacle. The new study suggests that the rotation and intercropping of the cucumber and wheat help to improve the soil environment of cucumber and enhance the quality and quantity of cucumber.
This experiment attempts to analysis the allelopathy effect of different cultivars of wheat root exudates on cucumber, screen out two different cultivars of wheat which made great allelopathy effect on the growth of cucumber, explore the influence of wheat root exudates on the growth of cucumber and the soil environment. Through explaining the allelopathy effect of wheat root exudates on cucumber and soil environment, the author tries to provide theory basis for the establishing and popularizing of the rational cultivation system. Main results of this paper were as flowing:
1. According to the synthesize effect value of allelopathy index on cucumber which collected from 40 wheat cultivars, 70.25 % of root exudates of wheat cultivars play a positive role in synthesized allelopathy effects of cucumber seedlings. In the 40 wheat cultivars, Longfu 04-0348(L11) had the most significant stimulatory effect, and Longfu 17 had the most significant inhibitory effect.
2. The Wheat root exudates which play an active allelopathy show excellent acceleration effect on stem length stem diameter, belowground dry weight of cucumber seedlings. The Wheat root exudates which play inhibitory effect show that during the early stage exudates restrained the growth of stem length, stem diameter, aboveground dry weight of cucumber seedlings, while during the late stage exudates accelerated these index.The main disease and economic yield of cucumber were not obvious changed.
3. The Wheat root exudates increase the soil PH value of cucumber seedlings first and then decrease, while decrease the soil EC value of cucumber seedlings first and then increase. The Wheat root exudates which play an active allelopathy increase the content of available Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium in cucumber seedlings soil. The Wheat root exudates which play inhibitory effect decrease the content of available available Nitrogen, Phosphorus first and then increase, but increase the content of Potassium first and then decrease. Wheat root exudates decrease the content of available Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium in cucumber non-seedlings soil first and then increase. The change of soil organic matter is not obvious.
4. The wheat root exudates increased cucumber urease activity in cucumber seedlings and non-seedlings soil, however decreased catalase activity first and then increased. The Wheat root exudates which play an active allelopathy increased neutral phosphatase activity in cucumber seedling and non-seedling soil and then decreased. The Wheat root exudates which play inhibitory effect decreased neutral phosphatase activity in cucumber seedling oil first and then increase. At the same time, it increased neutral phosphatase activity in cucumber non-seedling soil and then decreased. The Wheat root exudates exhibited the significant inhibition on soil dehydrogenase activity in early stage and gradually increased in late stage.
5. The Wheat root exudates reduced fungi quantity in cucumber seedlings and non-seedlings soil. The Wheat root exudates which play an active allelopathy effect decreased the number of bacteria in cucumber seedlings soil and then increased, meanwhile, decreased the number of actinomycetes. It increased the number of bacteria in cucumber non-seedlings soil, at the same time increased the number of actinomycetes first and then decreased. It had an unconspicuous effect on biomass of C, N in soil microorganism. The Wheat root exudates which play inhibitory effect increased the number of bacteria in cucumber seedlings soil, increased the number of actinomycetes and then decreased. It increased microorganism biomass of C, N in seedling and non-seedlings soil. Almost all the Wheat root exudates decreased DGGE profile bands and diversity index in cucumber seedlings soil at the beginning and then decreased. Besides, exudates increased DGGE profile bands and diversity index in cucumber non-seedlings soil.
6. With wheat intercropping treatments, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, available K, organic matter, pH value increased and decreased EC value. The activity of urease, neutral phosphatase and dehydrogenase was strengthened. The number of bacteria and microorganism biomass of C, N in soil were grown. By interplanting wheat which play an active allelopathy effect, the number of fungi in cucumber soil was decreased, the number of actinomycetes, catalase activity, DGGE band numbers and diversity indices of the soil bacteria were increased. Meanwhile, Cucumber production rose by 2.9%. By interplanting wheat which plays inhibitory effect, the number of fungi and actinomycetes was increased, but the DGGE band numbers and diversity indices were decreased. As a result, Cucumber production rose by 25.5%.
引文
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