水电站低水位运行研究
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摘要
随着国家电价改革的推进,丰枯电价逐步在全国范围内推行,目前四川省已经率先实行了丰水期上网电价低、枯水期上网电价高的分期分时电价政策,给水电站的经济运行提出了新的课题。本文以二滩电站为例,从适当降低电站水库死水位,以增大调节库容,进一步发挥水库调节作用的角度出发,对电站安全运行及效益的影响进行了研究,为水电站,尤其是具有季调节及以上调节能力的水电站的经济运行提供了新的思路。主要研究成果如下:
(1)针对二滩水电站水文与径流特点,采用分时段、分河段计算的有限差分方法,选用河流水库泥沙数字模拟系统软件(SUSBED-2),对初拟的三个死水位方案进行了水库泥沙冲淤计算,从计算结果可看出降低水库死水位运行对水库泥沙淤积无不良影响,相反还能延缓水库淤积。
(2)按拱坝建设及运行资料,采用拱梁分载法,分析了低水位运行对大坝结构安全的影响,找出了主要载荷因素,并通过回归分析,预测了缝面接触状态。
(3)对水轮机设计运行条件进行分析,确定了满足水轮机运行的可能最低水头,并通过低水头下能量指标、气蚀特性、运行稳定性的分析,结合现场试验数据,提出了运行趋势分析及运行建议。
(4)根据径流系列、库容曲线、调度图,按拟定的死水位方案,进行径流调节和能量指标计算、机组受阻容量和有效电量及发电收入分析,得出了在分时电价政策下水库低水位运行有利于促进电站发电效益增长。
With the advance of the national electricity price reform, the rainy and dry season power price gradually implemented throughout the country. Electricity pricing policy, low in ranny season and high in dry season, has been taken the lead to implement in Sichuan Province. It raised new issues to the economic operation of hydropower stations. Ertan Hydropower Station is an example in this paper, the safe operation and benefit influence of power plant are studied when reducing dead storage level to increase storage capacity and further playing a regulating role of reservoir. New ideas of economic operation are proposed for hydropower stations having the capacity of seasonal regulation.
Aiming at the hydrology and runoff characters of Ertan hydropower station, finite difference method as sub-period and reach are adopted. The digital simulation system software (SUSBED-2) on river reservoir sediment can calculate the sediment flushing based on the three primary levels of dead water schemes. The results show that there are no undesirable effects for the sediment flushing of reservoir when reducing the level of dead water; on the contrary, it can delay the sedimentation of reservoir.
Based on the arch data about building and operation, using arch-cantilever method, we analyze the affect to dam structure security on low water-level operation and find out the main load factors. By regression analysis, the contact state among seam surface has been predicted.
Study on the operation condition of hydraulic turbine, get the probably lowest water head suitable for the turbine operation, and analyze the energy index on the low head, cavitations characteristics and operation stability. According to the site test data, some operation trend analysis and operation suggestions have been put forward.
According to the runoff series, the storage curve, the operation chart, and the drafted plan on death water level, calculate the flow regulation and the energy index, analyze the unit blocked capacity, the effective electric quantity and the electricity generation income. A result that low water-level operation under tou power price policy is beneficial to improve the generation benefit of hydropower station has been educed.
(1)针对二滩水电站水文与径流特点,采用分时段、分河段计算的有限差分方法,选用河流水库泥沙数字模拟系统软件(SUSBED-2),对初拟的三个死水位方案进行了水库泥沙冲淤计算,从计算结果可看出降低水库死水位运行对水库泥沙淤积无不良影响,相反还能延缓水库淤积。
(2)按拱坝建设及运行资料,采用拱梁分载法,分析了低水位运行对大坝结构安全的影响,找出了主要载荷因素,并通过回归分析,预测了缝面接触状态。
(3)对水轮机设计运行条件进行分析,确定了满足水轮机运行的可能最低水头,并通过低水头下能量指标、气蚀特性、运行稳定性的分析,结合现场试验数据,提出了运行趋势分析及运行建议。
(4)根据径流系列、库容曲线、调度图,按拟定的死水位方案,进行径流调节和能量指标计算、机组受阻容量和有效电量及发电收入分析,得出了在分时电价政策下水库低水位运行有利于促进电站发电效益增长。
With the advance of the national electricity price reform, the rainy and dry season power price gradually implemented throughout the country. Electricity pricing policy, low in ranny season and high in dry season, has been taken the lead to implement in Sichuan Province. It raised new issues to the economic operation of hydropower stations. Ertan Hydropower Station is an example in this paper, the safe operation and benefit influence of power plant are studied when reducing dead storage level to increase storage capacity and further playing a regulating role of reservoir. New ideas of economic operation are proposed for hydropower stations having the capacity of seasonal regulation.
Aiming at the hydrology and runoff characters of Ertan hydropower station, finite difference method as sub-period and reach are adopted. The digital simulation system software (SUSBED-2) on river reservoir sediment can calculate the sediment flushing based on the three primary levels of dead water schemes. The results show that there are no undesirable effects for the sediment flushing of reservoir when reducing the level of dead water; on the contrary, it can delay the sedimentation of reservoir.
Based on the arch data about building and operation, using arch-cantilever method, we analyze the affect to dam structure security on low water-level operation and find out the main load factors. By regression analysis, the contact state among seam surface has been predicted.
Study on the operation condition of hydraulic turbine, get the probably lowest water head suitable for the turbine operation, and analyze the energy index on the low head, cavitations characteristics and operation stability. According to the site test data, some operation trend analysis and operation suggestions have been put forward.
According to the runoff series, the storage curve, the operation chart, and the drafted plan on death water level, calculate the flow regulation and the energy index, analyze the unit blocked capacity, the effective electric quantity and the electricity generation income. A result that low water-level operation under tou power price policy is beneficial to improve the generation benefit of hydropower station has been educed.
引文
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[2]四川省电力公司.四川电力系统调度管理规程[M].川电调度〔2008〕69号
[3]列欧妮多娃.塔吉克斯坦努列克水库的运行经验:解决水能问题的分析方法
[4]沈宏.天然径流还原计算方法初步探讨[J].水利规划与设计,2003(3)
[5]李龙辉.黑龙江省水库站径流还原计算方法及有关问题的探讨[J].黑龙江水利科技,2003(4)
[6]中华人民共和国水利部.SL278-2002.水利水电工程水文计算规范[S].北京:中国水利水电出版社
[7]赖习知.黄河三门峡年径流频率线型分析[J].水利电力机械,2007,29(12)
[8]黄振平,萨迪伊,王春霞.关于适线法中经验频率计算公式的对比研究[J].水利水电科技进展,2002,22(5)
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[10]杨国录,吴卫民.一维河流数值模拟算法的概述[J].泥沙研究,1995(4)
[11]余明辉,杨国录.平面二维非均匀沙数值模拟方法[J].水力学报,2000(6)
[12]舒彩文,谈广鸣.河道冲淤量计算方法研究进展[J].泥沙研究,2009(4)
[13]刘华丽,彭辉.基于多拱梁分载法的高拱坝应力分析[J].云南水力发电,2009,25(3)
[14]杨海霞,艾永平,卓家寿.多拱梁法计算拱坝位移和应力的若干问题[J].水力水运工程学报,2001(2)
[15]王钰睫,林皋,胡志强.拱梁分载法计算模型的改进和实现[J].水科学与工程技术,2009(3)
[16]龚玉锋,丁旭柳.双曲拱坝坝体结构有限元分析[J].中国龙村水力水电,2006(10)
[17]王进廷,杨剑,王吉焕.二滩拱坝应力仿真及参数敏感性分析[J].水力学报,2007,38(4)
[18]中华人民共和国水利部.SL282-2003.混凝土拱坝设计规范[S].北京:中国水利水电出版社
[19]尹宗石.水轮发电机组低水位运行探讨[J].江淮水利科技,2008(4)
[20]王义民,黄强,朱教新.龙羊峡水库长期低水位运行原因分析及抬高水位对策研究[J].水利水电技术,2003,34(5)
[21]王敏,杨国录,吴卫明.白鹤滩水电工程泥沙问题计算与分析[A].第六届全国泥沙基本理论研究学术讨论会论文集[C],2005
[22]李如钢. SUSBED—2数学模型在汉江催家营航电枢纽工程可行性研究中的应用[J].水运工程,1998(8)
[23]何晓燕,王兆印,黄金池.中国水库大坝失事统计与初步分析[A].中国水利学会2005学术年会论文集[C],2005
[24]马以超,金文志,刘国华.金坑拱坝裂缝危害性等相关问题研究[J].河海大学学报2002,30(1)
[25]成都勘测设计研究院,二滩水电开发有限责任公司.二滩水电站拱坝33#/34#坝段裂缝分析研究
[26]舒涌,袁琼.二滩拱坝低于设计死水位运行时的横缝开合度监测[J].水电站设计,2004,20(1)
[27]中华人民共和国水利电力部.SD303-88.水电站进水口设计规范[S].北京:中国水利水电出版社
[28]田华.溪洛渡水电站地下厂房进水口设计[J].水电站设计,2003,19(3)
[29]张梁,王承勇,商长松.锦屏二级水电站水轮机参数选择分析[A].第二届水力发电技术国际会议论文集[C],2009
[30]二滩水力发电厂,华中理工大学.机组运行稳定性试验报告.
[31]国家质量监督局. GB17621-1998.大中型水电站水库调度规范[S].北京:中国标准出版社
[2]四川省电力公司.四川电力系统调度管理规程[M].川电调度〔2008〕69号
[3]列欧妮多娃.塔吉克斯坦努列克水库的运行经验:解决水能问题的分析方法
[4]沈宏.天然径流还原计算方法初步探讨[J].水利规划与设计,2003(3)
[5]李龙辉.黑龙江省水库站径流还原计算方法及有关问题的探讨[J].黑龙江水利科技,2003(4)
[6]中华人民共和国水利部.SL278-2002.水利水电工程水文计算规范[S].北京:中国水利水电出版社
[7]赖习知.黄河三门峡年径流频率线型分析[J].水利电力机械,2007,29(12)
[8]黄振平,萨迪伊,王春霞.关于适线法中经验频率计算公式的对比研究[J].水利水电科技进展,2002,22(5)
[9]杨国录,余明辉.平面二维对流输移问题新解[J].泥沙研究,1995(2)
[10]杨国录,吴卫民.一维河流数值模拟算法的概述[J].泥沙研究,1995(4)
[11]余明辉,杨国录.平面二维非均匀沙数值模拟方法[J].水力学报,2000(6)
[12]舒彩文,谈广鸣.河道冲淤量计算方法研究进展[J].泥沙研究,2009(4)
[13]刘华丽,彭辉.基于多拱梁分载法的高拱坝应力分析[J].云南水力发电,2009,25(3)
[14]杨海霞,艾永平,卓家寿.多拱梁法计算拱坝位移和应力的若干问题[J].水力水运工程学报,2001(2)
[15]王钰睫,林皋,胡志强.拱梁分载法计算模型的改进和实现[J].水科学与工程技术,2009(3)
[16]龚玉锋,丁旭柳.双曲拱坝坝体结构有限元分析[J].中国龙村水力水电,2006(10)
[17]王进廷,杨剑,王吉焕.二滩拱坝应力仿真及参数敏感性分析[J].水力学报,2007,38(4)
[18]中华人民共和国水利部.SL282-2003.混凝土拱坝设计规范[S].北京:中国水利水电出版社
[19]尹宗石.水轮发电机组低水位运行探讨[J].江淮水利科技,2008(4)
[20]王义民,黄强,朱教新.龙羊峡水库长期低水位运行原因分析及抬高水位对策研究[J].水利水电技术,2003,34(5)
[21]王敏,杨国录,吴卫明.白鹤滩水电工程泥沙问题计算与分析[A].第六届全国泥沙基本理论研究学术讨论会论文集[C],2005
[22]李如钢. SUSBED—2数学模型在汉江催家营航电枢纽工程可行性研究中的应用[J].水运工程,1998(8)
[23]何晓燕,王兆印,黄金池.中国水库大坝失事统计与初步分析[A].中国水利学会2005学术年会论文集[C],2005
[24]马以超,金文志,刘国华.金坑拱坝裂缝危害性等相关问题研究[J].河海大学学报2002,30(1)
[25]成都勘测设计研究院,二滩水电开发有限责任公司.二滩水电站拱坝33#/34#坝段裂缝分析研究
[26]舒涌,袁琼.二滩拱坝低于设计死水位运行时的横缝开合度监测[J].水电站设计,2004,20(1)
[27]中华人民共和国水利电力部.SD303-88.水电站进水口设计规范[S].北京:中国水利水电出版社
[28]田华.溪洛渡水电站地下厂房进水口设计[J].水电站设计,2003,19(3)
[29]张梁,王承勇,商长松.锦屏二级水电站水轮机参数选择分析[A].第二届水力发电技术国际会议论文集[C],2009
[30]二滩水力发电厂,华中理工大学.机组运行稳定性试验报告.
[31]国家质量监督局. GB17621-1998.大中型水电站水库调度规范[S].北京:中国标准出版社