便携式重叠叶面积测量仪的设计与实现
|
摘要
叶片是植物进行光合作用和蒸腾作用的重要器官,叶片发育情况以及面积大小对绿色植物的生长、抗逆性以及产量形成很大影响,同时也反映各个生长阶段是否需要对其施肥、浇水等。因此,正确快速测量叶片面积对农业生产具有重要的意义。然而,传统叶片面积测量方法中,大部分是对单叶片的测量,这种测量具有一定局限性,当需要对叶片进行无损测量时,也即不能破坏植物生产的连续性时,叶片之间可能具有重叠的部分,这就迫切需要设计出对重叠叶片面积测量的算法,以此来满足无损叶片面积测量的需求。
本文就是针对传统叶片面积测量中存在的问题,同时在参考大量相关文献的基础上,提出了一种便携式重叠叶片面积测量仪的设计与实现的方案。该设计采用STM32作为硬件平台,选取OV7660为图像采集设备,对待测具有部分重叠叶片进行图像采集,对采集到的具有复杂背景的图像经过基于Mean-shift的图像边缘检测,再估计出叶片面积,最后把经过处理后的叶片图像和计算出的叶片面积显示在显示屏ILI9320上面。
本文主要工作及其创新性主要体现在以下三个方面：
1.在复杂背景下,先对采集到的图像进行Mean-shift平滑去噪处理,再根据目标叶片的颜色特征,利用超绿色灰度化对图像进行灰度化,提取出目标叶片,然后经提升小波变换增强弱边缘,最后再利用Canny边缘检测和二值化的处理,这样就可以从复杂背景中提取出目标叶片,同时也对具有部分重叠叶片进行分割。
2.利用传统的参考物法计算出单个叶片的面积并存储,再根据同一种植物叶片在形状上符合fractal规律,可以根据待测重叠叶片中每一个叶片与计算出的单个叶片之间的比例关系,估计出重叠叶片中每一个叶片的面积,即可求出重叠叶片面积。
3.把设计的重叠叶片面积计算的算法在PC机和STM32硬件平台上进行调试,实验结果证明了该算法的可行性和准确性。
The leaves of plant are vital organs for photosynthesis and transpiration. To a certain extent, the growth index of the leaf playing an important role, the size of the leaf area hasn't only an important role in the measurement of crop cultivation and breeding practices, but also reflected fertilization and watering or not in the various growth stages. Therefore, the correct and rapid measurement of leaf area is of great significance to agricultural production. However, the traditional leaf area measurements confined to the measurement of the monolithic leaves. When we need to measurement the non-destructive leaves, which may has overlapping, the traditional method has certain limitations. There is an urgent need to design the overlapping leaf area measurement algorithms, in order to meet the needs of non-destructive measurement of leaf area.
In this thesis, I proposed a machine vision-based embedded measurement of overlapping leaf area, which based on the problems that exist in the traditional leaf area measurement and referred to the literature. The design uses the STM32as hardware platform, which acquires leaf image by OV7660. The processed image can be put into the STM32processor, displayed in the display module ILI9320.
In this thesis, the work of its innovative results mainly reflected in the flowing three aspects:
1. In the situation of complex background, using ultra-green gray can extract the target leaf, the after the lifting wavelet transform enhanced weak edge, and finally use the Canny edge detection and binaryzation treatment. Therefore, it can reach extracted from a complex background of the target leaves.
2. We can calculate the area of single leaves and stored it. According to the same kind of plant leaves in the shape of the fractal law, we can estimate the each leaf area of the overlapping leaves.
3. Through the calculated on the PC and the STM32hardware platform debugging, The experimental results demonstrate the feasibility and accuracy of the algorithm.
本文就是针对传统叶片面积测量中存在的问题,同时在参考大量相关文献的基础上,提出了一种便携式重叠叶片面积测量仪的设计与实现的方案。该设计采用STM32作为硬件平台,选取OV7660为图像采集设备,对待测具有部分重叠叶片进行图像采集,对采集到的具有复杂背景的图像经过基于Mean-shift的图像边缘检测,再估计出叶片面积,最后把经过处理后的叶片图像和计算出的叶片面积显示在显示屏ILI9320上面。
本文主要工作及其创新性主要体现在以下三个方面：
1.在复杂背景下,先对采集到的图像进行Mean-shift平滑去噪处理,再根据目标叶片的颜色特征,利用超绿色灰度化对图像进行灰度化,提取出目标叶片,然后经提升小波变换增强弱边缘,最后再利用Canny边缘检测和二值化的处理,这样就可以从复杂背景中提取出目标叶片,同时也对具有部分重叠叶片进行分割。
2.利用传统的参考物法计算出单个叶片的面积并存储,再根据同一种植物叶片在形状上符合fractal规律,可以根据待测重叠叶片中每一个叶片与计算出的单个叶片之间的比例关系,估计出重叠叶片中每一个叶片的面积,即可求出重叠叶片面积。
3.把设计的重叠叶片面积计算的算法在PC机和STM32硬件平台上进行调试,实验结果证明了该算法的可行性和准确性。
The leaves of plant are vital organs for photosynthesis and transpiration. To a certain extent, the growth index of the leaf playing an important role, the size of the leaf area hasn't only an important role in the measurement of crop cultivation and breeding practices, but also reflected fertilization and watering or not in the various growth stages. Therefore, the correct and rapid measurement of leaf area is of great significance to agricultural production. However, the traditional leaf area measurements confined to the measurement of the monolithic leaves. When we need to measurement the non-destructive leaves, which may has overlapping, the traditional method has certain limitations. There is an urgent need to design the overlapping leaf area measurement algorithms, in order to meet the needs of non-destructive measurement of leaf area.
In this thesis, I proposed a machine vision-based embedded measurement of overlapping leaf area, which based on the problems that exist in the traditional leaf area measurement and referred to the literature. The design uses the STM32as hardware platform, which acquires leaf image by OV7660. The processed image can be put into the STM32processor, displayed in the display module ILI9320.
In this thesis, the work of its innovative results mainly reflected in the flowing three aspects:
1. In the situation of complex background, using ultra-green gray can extract the target leaf, the after the lifting wavelet transform enhanced weak edge, and finally use the Canny edge detection and binaryzation treatment. Therefore, it can reach extracted from a complex background of the target leaves.
2. We can calculate the area of single leaves and stored it. According to the same kind of plant leaves in the shape of the fractal law, we can estimate the each leaf area of the overlapping leaves.
3. Through the calculated on the PC and the STM32hardware platform debugging, The experimental results demonstrate the feasibility and accuracy of the algorithm.
引文
[1]Trooien T P, Heermarm T F, Measurement And Simulation Of Potato Leafarea Using Image Processing[J]. Transaetion soft the ASAE,1992,35(5):1719-1721.
[2]Chien CF, Lin TT. Leaf Area Measurement Of Selected Vegtable Seedlings Using Elliptieal Hough Transform[J]. Transaetionsof the ASAE, 2002, 45:1669-1677.
[3]陈鼎才,王定成,查金水.基于机器视觉的现实叶片面积测量方法的研究[J].计算机应用.2006,26(5)：1226-1228.
[4]谭峰,高艳萍.基于图像处理的植物叶面积无损测量方法的研究[J].农业工程学报.2008,24(5)：126-128.
[5]关海鸥,许少华,马晓丹.植物叶面积无损测量预处理技术研究[J].农机化研究.2010,3(1)：171-173.
[6]www.baidu.com./
[7]阮秋琦.数字图像处理学[M].北京.电子工业出版社.2001：182-183.
[8]贾永红等.数字图像处理技术实习教程[M].武汉.武汉大学出版社.2012：251-252.
[9]陈胜勇,刘盛等.基于OPENCV的计算机视觉技术实现[M].北京.科学出版社.2008,
[10]唐波,马伯宁等.计算机图形图像处理基础[M].北京.电子工业出版社.2011.
[11]高守传,姚领田Visual C++实践与提高一数字图像处理与工程应用篇[M].北京.中国铁道出版社,2006.
[12]李寒,王库等.基于Mean-shift和提升小波变换的棉花叶片边缘检测[J].农业工程学2010.
[13]张金瑞.基于图像处理的树叶面积特征提取的研究[硕士论文].北京林业大学.北京林业大学.2010.
[14]Shizhong Liao, Peihuan Gao, Yi Su, Dapeng Wang. A geometric rectification method for lens camera[J], Journal of Image and Graphic, 2000,5(7):593-596
[15]CHEN Ding,WANG Ding Chen,ZHA Jin . Research on measurement of realistic planting leaf area based on machine vision[J]. Computer Applications 2006.5:1226-1228.
[16]COMANICIU D, MEER P. Mean shift: A robust approach toward feature space analysis[J]. IEEE Transaction on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 2002, 24(5):603-619.
[17]Chaohui Lu, Hui Ren, Yibin Zhang, Yinhua Shen.. Leaf Area Measurement Based on Image Processing.
[18]Feng Tan, Yanping Gao. Investigation of the method for non-destructive measurement of leaf area based on image[J]. Transactions of the CSAE, 2008, 4 (5).
[19]Xin Zuo, Bin Hang, Jinlin Chen. A measurement approach of leaf area based on digital image processing[J], Computer Engineering and Application, 2006,27.
[20]KapurJ, Sahoo P, Wong A. A new method for gray-level picture thresholding using the entropy of the histogram[J]. CVGIP, 1985.
[21]Debayle J, Pinoli J C. Multiscale image filtering and segmentation by means of adaptive neighborhood mathematical morphology[J]. Image Processing, 2005.
[22]WANG Y Z, WANG J, PENG N S.Unsupervised color-texture sgementation based on soft Criterion with adaptive mean-shift culstering[J]. Pattern Recognition Letters. 2006(27).
[23]Ting K C, Giacomelli G A. Robot work cell for seeding Transplanting Part-end-effect or development[J]. Trans Am Soc Agric Eng,1990.
[24]郭景峰,蒋爱琴等.基于提升方案的小波变换原理与C++实现[J].计算机工程与科学.2004,6(1)：134-135.
[25]何英德.基于图像分析的树木叶片像素面积计算[硕士论文].北京林业大学.北京林业大学.2011.
[26]鲍雅静,李政海,张颖.羊草叶面积测量测量方法的比较[J].内蒙古大学学报(自然科学版).2002,33(1).
[27]李新国,蔡胜忠,李邵鹏等.应用数字图像技术测定油梨叶面积[J].热带农业科学.2009.
[28]钱中方,林达德.应用椭圆霍氏转换量测重叠叶片面积之影像处理方法[J].农业机械学刊.2000,9(4).
[29]杨劲峰,陈清,韩晓日等.数字图像处理技术在蔬菜叶面积测量中的应用[J].农业工程学报,2002,18(4).
[30]左欣,韩斌,程嘉林.基于数字图像处理的植物叶面积测量方法[J].计算机工程与应用.2006,42(27).
[31]苏玉梅.植物叶片图像分析方法的研究与实现[硕士论文].南京理工大学.南京理工大学.2007.
[32]郑卫红,任云,杨成忠.基于数字图像处理技术的叶面测量仪研究[J].杭州电子工业学院学报.2004,24(3).
[33]管鹤卿.基于机器视觉技术的油菜叶片信息研究[硕士论文].湖南农业大学.湖南农业大学.2007.
[34]徐贵力,毛罕平,胡永光等.基于计算机视觉技术参考物法测量叶片面积[J].农业工程学报.2002,18(1).
[35]陈斌,卢博友.基于单片机的光电式叶片面积测量系统[J].农机化研究.2010.32(4).
[36]孙国祥,汪小旵.穴盘苗叶面积测量系统的实现方法研究[J].计算机工程与应用.2009,45(36).
[37]Jimenez-Alaniz J R, Pohl-Alfaro M, Medina-Banuelos V,Yanez-Suarez O. Segmenting brain MRI using adaptivemean shift[J]. In: Proceedings of the 28th IEEE Conferenceon Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. New York,USA: IEEE, 2006:3114-3117.
[38]王宴,孙怡.自适应Mean-shift算法的彩色图像平滑与分割算法[J].自动化学报.2010.36(12).
[39]Patrick Meir, John Grace, Antonio C, et al. Photographic method to measure the vertical distribution of leaf area density in forests[J]. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2007, 12(3).
[40]林开颜,徐立鸿,吴军辉.计算机视觉技术在作物生长监测中的研究进展[J].农业工程学报.2004,20(2).
[41]张全法,冯绚等.植物叶片面积测量系统的设计及应用[J].河南农业大学学报.2001,35(4).
[42]王永皎,张引,张三元.基于图像处理的植物叶面积测量方法[J].计算机工程.2006
[43]于峰,林杉.植物叶面积测定系统的研究及其应用[J].计算机应用研究.2003,20(12).
[44]徐散恺,郭楠,葛庆平,郭新宇.计算机视觉技术在作物形态测量中的应用[M].计算机工程与设计.2006,27(7).
[2]Chien CF, Lin TT. Leaf Area Measurement Of Selected Vegtable Seedlings Using Elliptieal Hough Transform[J]. Transaetionsof the ASAE, 2002, 45:1669-1677.
[3]陈鼎才,王定成,查金水.基于机器视觉的现实叶片面积测量方法的研究[J].计算机应用.2006,26(5)：1226-1228.
[4]谭峰,高艳萍.基于图像处理的植物叶面积无损测量方法的研究[J].农业工程学报.2008,24(5)：126-128.
[5]关海鸥,许少华,马晓丹.植物叶面积无损测量预处理技术研究[J].农机化研究.2010,3(1)：171-173.
[6]www.baidu.com./
[7]阮秋琦.数字图像处理学[M].北京.电子工业出版社.2001：182-183.
[8]贾永红等.数字图像处理技术实习教程[M].武汉.武汉大学出版社.2012：251-252.
[9]陈胜勇,刘盛等.基于OPENCV的计算机视觉技术实现[M].北京.科学出版社.2008,
[10]唐波,马伯宁等.计算机图形图像处理基础[M].北京.电子工业出版社.2011.
[11]高守传,姚领田Visual C++实践与提高一数字图像处理与工程应用篇[M].北京.中国铁道出版社,2006.
[12]李寒,王库等.基于Mean-shift和提升小波变换的棉花叶片边缘检测[J].农业工程学2010.
[13]张金瑞.基于图像处理的树叶面积特征提取的研究[硕士论文].北京林业大学.北京林业大学.2010.
[14]Shizhong Liao, Peihuan Gao, Yi Su, Dapeng Wang. A geometric rectification method for lens camera[J], Journal of Image and Graphic, 2000,5(7):593-596
[15]CHEN Ding,WANG Ding Chen,ZHA Jin . Research on measurement of realistic planting leaf area based on machine vision[J]. Computer Applications 2006.5:1226-1228.
[16]COMANICIU D, MEER P. Mean shift: A robust approach toward feature space analysis[J]. IEEE Transaction on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 2002, 24(5):603-619.
[17]Chaohui Lu, Hui Ren, Yibin Zhang, Yinhua Shen.. Leaf Area Measurement Based on Image Processing.
[18]Feng Tan, Yanping Gao. Investigation of the method for non-destructive measurement of leaf area based on image[J]. Transactions of the CSAE, 2008, 4 (5).
[19]Xin Zuo, Bin Hang, Jinlin Chen. A measurement approach of leaf area based on digital image processing[J], Computer Engineering and Application, 2006,27.
[20]KapurJ, Sahoo P, Wong A. A new method for gray-level picture thresholding using the entropy of the histogram[J]. CVGIP, 1985.
[21]Debayle J, Pinoli J C. Multiscale image filtering and segmentation by means of adaptive neighborhood mathematical morphology[J]. Image Processing, 2005.
[22]WANG Y Z, WANG J, PENG N S.Unsupervised color-texture sgementation based on soft Criterion with adaptive mean-shift culstering[J]. Pattern Recognition Letters. 2006(27).
[23]Ting K C, Giacomelli G A. Robot work cell for seeding Transplanting Part-end-effect or development[J]. Trans Am Soc Agric Eng,1990.
[24]郭景峰,蒋爱琴等.基于提升方案的小波变换原理与C++实现[J].计算机工程与科学.2004,6(1)：134-135.
[25]何英德.基于图像分析的树木叶片像素面积计算[硕士论文].北京林业大学.北京林业大学.2011.
[26]鲍雅静,李政海,张颖.羊草叶面积测量测量方法的比较[J].内蒙古大学学报(自然科学版).2002,33(1).
[27]李新国,蔡胜忠,李邵鹏等.应用数字图像技术测定油梨叶面积[J].热带农业科学.2009.
[28]钱中方,林达德.应用椭圆霍氏转换量测重叠叶片面积之影像处理方法[J].农业机械学刊.2000,9(4).
[29]杨劲峰,陈清,韩晓日等.数字图像处理技术在蔬菜叶面积测量中的应用[J].农业工程学报,2002,18(4).
[30]左欣,韩斌,程嘉林.基于数字图像处理的植物叶面积测量方法[J].计算机工程与应用.2006,42(27).
[31]苏玉梅.植物叶片图像分析方法的研究与实现[硕士论文].南京理工大学.南京理工大学.2007.
[32]郑卫红,任云,杨成忠.基于数字图像处理技术的叶面测量仪研究[J].杭州电子工业学院学报.2004,24(3).
[33]管鹤卿.基于机器视觉技术的油菜叶片信息研究[硕士论文].湖南农业大学.湖南农业大学.2007.
[34]徐贵力,毛罕平,胡永光等.基于计算机视觉技术参考物法测量叶片面积[J].农业工程学报.2002,18(1).
[35]陈斌,卢博友.基于单片机的光电式叶片面积测量系统[J].农机化研究.2010.32(4).
[36]孙国祥,汪小旵.穴盘苗叶面积测量系统的实现方法研究[J].计算机工程与应用.2009,45(36).
[37]Jimenez-Alaniz J R, Pohl-Alfaro M, Medina-Banuelos V,Yanez-Suarez O. Segmenting brain MRI using adaptivemean shift[J]. In: Proceedings of the 28th IEEE Conferenceon Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. New York,USA: IEEE, 2006:3114-3117.
[38]王宴,孙怡.自适应Mean-shift算法的彩色图像平滑与分割算法[J].自动化学报.2010.36(12).
[39]Patrick Meir, John Grace, Antonio C, et al. Photographic method to measure the vertical distribution of leaf area density in forests[J]. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2007, 12(3).
[40]林开颜,徐立鸿,吴军辉.计算机视觉技术在作物生长监测中的研究进展[J].农业工程学报.2004,20(2).
[41]张全法,冯绚等.植物叶片面积测量系统的设计及应用[J].河南农业大学学报.2001,35(4).
[42]王永皎,张引,张三元.基于图像处理的植物叶面积测量方法[J].计算机工程.2006
[43]于峰,林杉.植物叶面积测定系统的研究及其应用[J].计算机应用研究.2003,20(12).
[44]徐散恺,郭楠,葛庆平,郭新宇.计算机视觉技术在作物形态测量中的应用[M].计算机工程与设计.2006,27(7).