甜瓜种质资源抗旱性的研究
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摘要
甜瓜(Cucumis melo L．)是一种重要的瓜类蔬菜作物。在干旱季节或干旱半干旱地
区往往存在干旱胁迫，能够严重影响甜瓜的生产。本试验选取不同生态类型的甜瓜品种，
分别在种子萌发期、苗期和成株期对干旱胁迫下外部形态、内部结构及生理生化上的变
化进行研究，探讨甜瓜不同生育时期抗旱性的相关性，寻求筛选抗旱性甜瓜种质资源的
鉴定指标和方法，并运用这一结论进行甜瓜抗旱性种质资源筛选。试验结果表明：
甜瓜在水分胁迫下，发芽率和萌发胁迫指数均下降；苗期水分胁迫表现为根长、须
根数及根冠比显著增大，各生理生化指标有显著变化；开花结果期水分胁迫表现为单果
重下降，结实率降低，各生化指标表现出不同程度的差异。
甜瓜不同生育时期抗旱性存在一定的相关性。苗期水分饱和亏可以作为甜瓜种质资
源抗旱性的鉴定指标，拟合出回归方程估算品种的抗旱性。在开花座果期，每次浇水量
与平均单果重显著正相关，并得出回归方程，可以简捷地计算出甜瓜每次最佳浇水量。
本试验筛选出3个甜瓜抗旱品种，即Y82-3、 96-88、 96-53：6个较抗旱品种，即96-56、
葛星超人、36-9-5、 宏研七号、王龙白、吉农998，其中Y82-3、 96-88、 96-53都是薄皮
类型。
Melon (Cucumis melo L.) is one of important vegetable. During dry seasons, drought
stress existed and severely influenced the melon production in dry or half dry areas. In this
experiment, some melon cultivars of different ecotype were seIected and studied in
morphological, inter-structural, physiological and biochemical changes that occurred during
their seed germinating, seedling and adult stages under drought stress. The correlation of
drought resistance among the different growing stages of the melons, and the appraised
indexs, and selecting methods for searching germplasm resource with drought resistance were
studied.
The germination percentage and germination stress index of the melons decreased under
water stress. The performance of the melons under water stress during seedling stage were the
increase of the root length, the root fibril amount and the R/T ratio; and were the significant
changes of physiological and biochemical index. The melon under water stress in flower stage
performed the decrease of the single fruit weight, and decrease of the fruit bearing percentage,
and the differences of the physiological and biochemical index.
The correlation of the drought resistance of the melons existed among different growth
stages. Water saturate deficit (WSD) in seedling stage can be used as the appraised index on
the drought resistance of all the melon germplasm resource. The regression equation was
stimulated to estimate the drought resistance of in the different cultivars. The correlation
between the amount of irrigating water and the average single fruit weight performed a
signicant level, and a regression equation was obtained to stimulate simply the better
irrigation requiremaent of melon.
ln this experiment, there drought resistance melon cultivars were selected: Y82-3, 96-88,
96-63;and six reIativeIy drought resistance cultivars: 96-56, Gexingchaoren, 36-9-5, Hongyan
No.7, Wanglongbai, Jinong998; Y82-3, 96-88 and 96-53 were pellicle ecotype cultivars.
区往往存在干旱胁迫，能够严重影响甜瓜的生产。本试验选取不同生态类型的甜瓜品种，
分别在种子萌发期、苗期和成株期对干旱胁迫下外部形态、内部结构及生理生化上的变
化进行研究，探讨甜瓜不同生育时期抗旱性的相关性，寻求筛选抗旱性甜瓜种质资源的
鉴定指标和方法，并运用这一结论进行甜瓜抗旱性种质资源筛选。试验结果表明：
甜瓜在水分胁迫下，发芽率和萌发胁迫指数均下降；苗期水分胁迫表现为根长、须
根数及根冠比显著增大，各生理生化指标有显著变化；开花结果期水分胁迫表现为单果
重下降，结实率降低，各生化指标表现出不同程度的差异。
甜瓜不同生育时期抗旱性存在一定的相关性。苗期水分饱和亏可以作为甜瓜种质资
源抗旱性的鉴定指标，拟合出回归方程估算品种的抗旱性。在开花座果期，每次浇水量
与平均单果重显著正相关，并得出回归方程，可以简捷地计算出甜瓜每次最佳浇水量。
本试验筛选出3个甜瓜抗旱品种，即Y82-3、 96-88、 96-53：6个较抗旱品种，即96-56、
葛星超人、36-9-5、 宏研七号、王龙白、吉农998，其中Y82-3、 96-88、 96-53都是薄皮
类型。
Melon (Cucumis melo L.) is one of important vegetable. During dry seasons, drought
stress existed and severely influenced the melon production in dry or half dry areas. In this
experiment, some melon cultivars of different ecotype were seIected and studied in
morphological, inter-structural, physiological and biochemical changes that occurred during
their seed germinating, seedling and adult stages under drought stress. The correlation of
drought resistance among the different growing stages of the melons, and the appraised
indexs, and selecting methods for searching germplasm resource with drought resistance were
studied.
The germination percentage and germination stress index of the melons decreased under
water stress. The performance of the melons under water stress during seedling stage were the
increase of the root length, the root fibril amount and the R/T ratio; and were the significant
changes of physiological and biochemical index. The melon under water stress in flower stage
performed the decrease of the single fruit weight, and decrease of the fruit bearing percentage,
and the differences of the physiological and biochemical index.
The correlation of the drought resistance of the melons existed among different growth
stages. Water saturate deficit (WSD) in seedling stage can be used as the appraised index on
the drought resistance of all the melon germplasm resource. The regression equation was
stimulated to estimate the drought resistance of in the different cultivars. The correlation
between the amount of irrigating water and the average single fruit weight performed a
signicant level, and a regression equation was obtained to stimulate simply the better
irrigation requiremaent of melon.
ln this experiment, there drought resistance melon cultivars were selected: Y82-3, 96-88,
96-63;and six reIativeIy drought resistance cultivars: 96-56, Gexingchaoren, 36-9-5, Hongyan
No.7, Wanglongbai, Jinong998; Y82-3, 96-88 and 96-53 were pellicle ecotype cultivars.
引文
1 Kramer．P J 著，植物的水分关系，许旭旦等译，北京：科学出版社，1989
2 张彪译．干旱对不同耐旱玉米杂交种产量及其组成的影响．农作物育种攻关参考资 料，1989：3：12-13．
3 杨成书等．玉米品种抗旱性筛选鉴定指标研究．陕西农业科学．1993：3：1-4
4 胡荣海．农作物抗旱鉴定方法和指标．作物品种资源．1986：4：36-39
5 高企瑶等译．不同水分条件下热带玉米幼苗植株和根系的生长．国外农学--杂粮作 物，1993；2：18-22
6 吴子恺．玉米抗旱育种．玉米科学，1994；2(1) ：6～9
7 Garay AF 等张明恢摘．干旱条件下两个同型大豆品系的根系特征．农学文摘．1984， (10) ： 31
8 王金陵．大豆根系的初步观察．农业学报．1975：6(3) ：331-334
9． 李德全．邹琦，程炳嵩．土壤干旱下不同抗旱性小麦品种的渗透调节和渗透调节物质. 植物生理学报，1992：8(1) ：37-44
10 丁雷，于学臣．干旱胁迫下A B A对气孔运动的作用机制．干旱地区农业研究．1993；11 (2) ：50-55
11 罗淑平．玉米抗旱性及鉴定指标的相关分析．干旱地区农业研究．1990；8(3) ：72-78
12 斐英杰，郑家玲，瘐红等．用于玉米抗旱性鉴定的生理生化指标．华北农学报，1992：7 (1) ：31-35
13 张维强，沈秀瑛．水分胁迫和复水对玉米叶片光合速率的影响．华北农学报，1994；9(3) ： 44-47
14 陈少裕．膜脂过氧化与植物逆境胁迫．植物学通讯．1989；6(4) ：211-217
15徐世昌，沈秀瑛，顾惠莲等．土壤干旱后玉米叶细脂膜脂过氧化和膜磷脂脱酯反应以及 膜超微结构的变化．作物学报，1994；20(5) ：564-569
16 王邦锡，孙莉，黄久常．渗透胁迫引起的膜损伤与膜脂过氧化和某些自由基的关系．中国 科学，1992：B辑(4) ：364-368
17 许长成，邹琦．干旱对大豆叶片膜脂过氧化作用的影响．山东农业大学学报，1991；22 (2) ：111-115
18 王洪春．干旱诱导蛋白的研究进展．华北农学报，1990；5(增刊)：8-12
19 李云荫．植物抗旱生理研究概述．生态农业研究．1996：4(1) ：37-41
20 鲍巨松等．不同生育时期水分胁迫对玉米生殖特性的影响．作物学报，1991；17(4) ： 261-265
21 石大伟．脯氨酸可否作为作物抗旱性指标．干旱地区农业研究，1985；3：79-83
22 王畅，林秋萍，贡冬花等．夏玉米的干旱适应性及其生理机制的研究．华北农学报， 1990：5(4) ：54-60
23 杨成书等．玉米品种抗旱性筛选鉴定指标研究．陕西农业科学，1993；3：1-4
24 王金胜，郭栋生，丁起盛等．水分胁迫对玉米幼苗生理生化指标的影响及其与抗旱性 的关系．山西农业大学学报，1992；12(2) ：137-140
25 王邦锡，黄久常，王辉．不同植物在水分胁迫条件下脯氨酸的积累与抗旱性关系．植 物生理学报，1989；15(1) ：46-51
26 关义新，戴俊英，陈军等．土壤干旱下玉米叶片游离脯氨酸的累积及其与抗旱性关系． 玉米科学，1996；4(1) ：43-45
27 杨安平，王鸣，安贺选．非洲西瓜种质资源苗期抗旱性研究．中国西瓜甜瓜，1996； (1) ：6-9
28 陈少裕．膜脂质过氧化对植物细胞的伤害．植物生理学通讯，1991；27(2) ：84-90
29 蒋明义等．植物体内羟自由基的产生及其与脂质过氧化作用启动的关系．植物生理学 通讯，1993：29(4) ：300-305
30 Hsiao T C. Plant responses to water stress. Ann.Rev. Plant physiol. 1973; 24: 519-570
31 Boyer J S. Leaf enlargement and metabolic rates in corn,soybean,and sunflower at various leaf water potentials. Plant physiol., 1970; 46: 233-235
32 Blake T Jetal. Stomatal control of water use efficiency in poplar clones and hybrids. Can J. Bot, 1984; 62: 1344-1351
33 Dickmann D 1 et al. Photosynthesis.water relations and growth of two hybrid Populus genotypes during a severe drought. Can. J.Por.Res., 1992 ; 22 ( 8 ): 1092-1106
34 Rhizopoulou S et al. Influence of soil drying on root development,water relations and leaf growth of Ceratonia siliqua L.Oecolgia, 1991; 88(1) : 41-47
35 Metoalfe J C et al. Leaf growth of Eucalyptus seedlings under water deficit. Tree physiol., 1990; 6 (2) : 221-227
36 Mazzolenis et al. Differential physiological and morphological responses of two hybrid Populus clones to water stress. Tree physiol., 1988; 4: 61-70
37 Van Volkenburgh E. Regulation of dicotyledonous leaf growth, physiology of cell expansion during plant growth. Amer.Soc.Plant Physiol., 1986; 3: 193-201
38 Johnson EC et al. Recurrent selection for reduced plan height in cowland tropical maize, crop science. 1986; 26 (2) : 253-260
39 Fischer K S et al. Recurrent selection for reduced tassel tranch number and reduced leaf area above the ear in tropical maize population .Crop Sci. 1987; 27(5) : 1150-1156
40 Nanari-I220F,Quartacci M F, I220R. Lipid changes in maize seeding in responses to field water deficits. Botany. 1989; 40: 675-680
41 Pwrley RC et al.Can J Plant Physiol, 1983; 63 (1) : 131-145
42 Samet J S et al.Field Grop Research, 1984; 8(1/2) : 49-59
43 Larque-Saaveclra A et al.J Exp Bot, 1985; 36: 1787-1792
44 Henson I E.J Exp Bot, 1981; 32: 899-910 45BouslamaM, Schapaugh W T. Jr.Grop Sci, 1984; 24: 933-937
46 Sullivan C Y, W M Ross.In H Mussel and R Staples(ed). Strss Physiology in Crop Plant,
1979：263-263
47 Dedio W.Can J Plant Sci, 1975; 55: 369-378
48 Morgan J M.Anu Rev Plant Physiol, 1984; 35: 299-319
49 Levitt J. Response of Plant to Environmental Stresses Vol Ⅱ .Academic Press, 1980: 207-211
50 aynal D J et al.Ann Bot, 1985; 55: 893-897
51 Slankova P.Fiziologiya ha Rastenvyata, 1983; 9(3) : 52-58
52 Roo K L N,Raj A S.Indian JAgri.Sci, 1985; 55(3) : 183-185
53 Harson A D et al. Crop Sci, 1977; 17: 369-378
54 Harson A Detal. Crop Sci, 1979; 19: 489-493
55 ully A. Plant Physiol, 1979; 63: 518-523
56 Jones H G. In H Musell and R Staptes(ed),Stress Physiology in Crop Plant, 1979; 408-418
2 张彪译．干旱对不同耐旱玉米杂交种产量及其组成的影响．农作物育种攻关参考资 料，1989：3：12-13．
3 杨成书等．玉米品种抗旱性筛选鉴定指标研究．陕西农业科学．1993：3：1-4
4 胡荣海．农作物抗旱鉴定方法和指标．作物品种资源．1986：4：36-39
5 高企瑶等译．不同水分条件下热带玉米幼苗植株和根系的生长．国外农学--杂粮作 物，1993；2：18-22
6 吴子恺．玉米抗旱育种．玉米科学，1994；2(1) ：6～9
7 Garay AF 等张明恢摘．干旱条件下两个同型大豆品系的根系特征．农学文摘．1984， (10) ： 31
8 王金陵．大豆根系的初步观察．农业学报．1975：6(3) ：331-334
9． 李德全．邹琦，程炳嵩．土壤干旱下不同抗旱性小麦品种的渗透调节和渗透调节物质. 植物生理学报，1992：8(1) ：37-44
10 丁雷，于学臣．干旱胁迫下A B A对气孔运动的作用机制．干旱地区农业研究．1993；11 (2) ：50-55
11 罗淑平．玉米抗旱性及鉴定指标的相关分析．干旱地区农业研究．1990；8(3) ：72-78
12 斐英杰，郑家玲，瘐红等．用于玉米抗旱性鉴定的生理生化指标．华北农学报，1992：7 (1) ：31-35
13 张维强，沈秀瑛．水分胁迫和复水对玉米叶片光合速率的影响．华北农学报，1994；9(3) ： 44-47
14 陈少裕．膜脂过氧化与植物逆境胁迫．植物学通讯．1989；6(4) ：211-217
15徐世昌，沈秀瑛，顾惠莲等．土壤干旱后玉米叶细脂膜脂过氧化和膜磷脂脱酯反应以及 膜超微结构的变化．作物学报，1994；20(5) ：564-569
16 王邦锡，孙莉，黄久常．渗透胁迫引起的膜损伤与膜脂过氧化和某些自由基的关系．中国 科学，1992：B辑(4) ：364-368
17 许长成，邹琦．干旱对大豆叶片膜脂过氧化作用的影响．山东农业大学学报，1991；22 (2) ：111-115
18 王洪春．干旱诱导蛋白的研究进展．华北农学报，1990；5(增刊)：8-12
19 李云荫．植物抗旱生理研究概述．生态农业研究．1996：4(1) ：37-41
20 鲍巨松等．不同生育时期水分胁迫对玉米生殖特性的影响．作物学报，1991；17(4) ： 261-265
21 石大伟．脯氨酸可否作为作物抗旱性指标．干旱地区农业研究，1985；3：79-83
22 王畅，林秋萍，贡冬花等．夏玉米的干旱适应性及其生理机制的研究．华北农学报， 1990：5(4) ：54-60
23 杨成书等．玉米品种抗旱性筛选鉴定指标研究．陕西农业科学，1993；3：1-4
24 王金胜，郭栋生，丁起盛等．水分胁迫对玉米幼苗生理生化指标的影响及其与抗旱性 的关系．山西农业大学学报，1992；12(2) ：137-140
25 王邦锡，黄久常，王辉．不同植物在水分胁迫条件下脯氨酸的积累与抗旱性关系．植 物生理学报，1989；15(1) ：46-51
26 关义新，戴俊英，陈军等．土壤干旱下玉米叶片游离脯氨酸的累积及其与抗旱性关系． 玉米科学，1996；4(1) ：43-45
27 杨安平，王鸣，安贺选．非洲西瓜种质资源苗期抗旱性研究．中国西瓜甜瓜，1996； (1) ：6-9
28 陈少裕．膜脂质过氧化对植物细胞的伤害．植物生理学通讯，1991；27(2) ：84-90
29 蒋明义等．植物体内羟自由基的产生及其与脂质过氧化作用启动的关系．植物生理学 通讯，1993：29(4) ：300-305
30 Hsiao T C. Plant responses to water stress. Ann.Rev. Plant physiol. 1973; 24: 519-570
31 Boyer J S. Leaf enlargement and metabolic rates in corn,soybean,and sunflower at various leaf water potentials. Plant physiol., 1970; 46: 233-235
32 Blake T Jetal. Stomatal control of water use efficiency in poplar clones and hybrids. Can J. Bot, 1984; 62: 1344-1351
33 Dickmann D 1 et al. Photosynthesis.water relations and growth of two hybrid Populus genotypes during a severe drought. Can. J.Por.Res., 1992 ; 22 ( 8 ): 1092-1106
34 Rhizopoulou S et al. Influence of soil drying on root development,water relations and leaf growth of Ceratonia siliqua L.Oecolgia, 1991; 88(1) : 41-47
35 Metoalfe J C et al. Leaf growth of Eucalyptus seedlings under water deficit. Tree physiol., 1990; 6 (2) : 221-227
36 Mazzolenis et al. Differential physiological and morphological responses of two hybrid Populus clones to water stress. Tree physiol., 1988; 4: 61-70
37 Van Volkenburgh E. Regulation of dicotyledonous leaf growth, physiology of cell expansion during plant growth. Amer.Soc.Plant Physiol., 1986; 3: 193-201
38 Johnson EC et al. Recurrent selection for reduced plan height in cowland tropical maize, crop science. 1986; 26 (2) : 253-260
39 Fischer K S et al. Recurrent selection for reduced tassel tranch number and reduced leaf area above the ear in tropical maize population .Crop Sci. 1987; 27(5) : 1150-1156
40 Nanari-I220F,Quartacci M F, I220R. Lipid changes in maize seeding in responses to field water deficits. Botany. 1989; 40: 675-680
41 Pwrley RC et al.Can J Plant Physiol, 1983; 63 (1) : 131-145
42 Samet J S et al.Field Grop Research, 1984; 8(1/2) : 49-59
43 Larque-Saaveclra A et al.J Exp Bot, 1985; 36: 1787-1792
44 Henson I E.J Exp Bot, 1981; 32: 899-910 45BouslamaM, Schapaugh W T. Jr.Grop Sci, 1984; 24: 933-937
46 Sullivan C Y, W M Ross.In H Mussel and R Staples(ed). Strss Physiology in Crop Plant,
1979：263-263
47 Dedio W.Can J Plant Sci, 1975; 55: 369-378
48 Morgan J M.Anu Rev Plant Physiol, 1984; 35: 299-319
49 Levitt J. Response of Plant to Environmental Stresses Vol Ⅱ .Academic Press, 1980: 207-211
50 aynal D J et al.Ann Bot, 1985; 55: 893-897
51 Slankova P.Fiziologiya ha Rastenvyata, 1983; 9(3) : 52-58
52 Roo K L N,Raj A S.Indian JAgri.Sci, 1985; 55(3) : 183-185
53 Harson A D et al. Crop Sci, 1977; 17: 369-378
54 Harson A Detal. Crop Sci, 1979; 19: 489-493
55 ully A. Plant Physiol, 1979; 63: 518-523
56 Jones H G. In H Musell and R Staptes(ed),Stress Physiology in Crop Plant, 1979; 408-418