中、美大学生运动员灵敏性及其相关素质的研究
摘要
通过比较中美大学生运动员灵敏素质及其相关素质之间的差异,可以为我们更加深入了解灵敏素质的特点,找到中美灵敏素质训练理念、方法、内容、组织形式的差异,为我们提高灵敏素质科学训练提供可供参考的意见。通过研究,本研究得出的主要结论如下：
1、在综合两国对灵敏素质概念定义的基础上,我们提出“灵敏素质是指运动员在运动过程中,根据刺激,迅速而有效的改变运动速度、动作速度和身体运动方向的运动能力”；在理论研究方面,灵敏素质训练发展敏感期的观点在我国比较有影响,而美国则提出各个阶段都应该训练运动员的灵敏素质;在训练实践方面,我国学者比较重视宏观指导,而美国学者强调对各个技术动作的要求；在实证研究方面,我国学者着重在以灵敏素质为引子,引出其它训练方法,并证明该方法是否对灵敏素质有效。而美国学者则却更愿意细分灵敏素质,找到灵敏素质与其它素质的关系。
2、中国女子大学生运动员的10米加速跑和美国男子大学生运动动态平衡能力成绩与T-test灵敏素质测试成绩表现出显著性相关外,其它各指标在各群体中与灵敏素质都没有表现出显著性的相关性。研究表明,身体形态、单脚爆发力、脚步快速移动能力在一定的程度内与灵敏素质相关,但是相关程度不显著。综合来看,灵敏素质是一个相对独立的身体素质,虽然与其它各身体素质有一定的相关关系,但是仍然需要独立的训练,我们并不能以爆发力、速度、快速能力、平衡等身体素质的训练取代灵敏素质训练。
3、我们认为中、美大学生灵敏素质差异的原因是灵敏素质木身。所以我们要进行专门的灵敏素质训练。而引起我国大学生灵敏素质较差的主要内在原因有对灵敏素质重要性的认识不够,外在原因包括训练方法、手段、内容单一,训练研究不积极,训练组织管理不细化等因素有关。
4、我们提出灵敏素质训练应该遵循系统性、全面性、准确规范性、渐进性、目的性及与专项相结合的原则。
5、根据灵敏素质的构成特点、辅助灵敏素质训练设备的使用以及当今美国普遍运用的灵敏性训练方法,我们将灵敏素质训练分为既定目标训练法、变换目标训练法、和综合训练法。其中既定目标训练法包括既定运动路线、既定动作运动转换方式、既定动作活动范围等方式。
By comparison of the difference of agility and related fitness of Chinese and American college student-athlete, we can know about more the traits of agility and the differences of agility training in idea, methods, contents, organization between Chinese and the US. By that, it will help us to improve agility training. We gain the following results through research.
1, Based on the former the norm of agility, we define agility as " agility is the ability that athlete quickly and effectively change the speed and direction of movement and action according to stimulation during the process of movement." In theory, the view of sensitive period of agility training is prevail in China, but American scholar think athlete should have agility training in any period. In practical, Chinese scholar prefer to provide whole opinion, but American scholar emphasis on the specific action of agility. In research, Chinese scholar like to prove a certain training to be effective for agility, but American prefer to research the else fitness that are related to agility.
2. In this study, we find there are not significant relationship between else fitness and agility except for10m acceleration run of Chinese college women student-athlete and dynamic balance of American college man student-athlete. There are some relationship between height, weight, sigle leg jump, quickness and agility, but they do not show significant relationship. Taking one with another, agility is a independent fitness in relation to another fitness. Therefore we adopt special ways to train athlete's agility instead of with other fitness training.
4. We think the reason why there are some difference between Chinese and American college student-athlete in agility is agility but not other fitness. So we should have special agility training. The methods, skills, contents, research, degree of importance and organization of agility training cause Chinese college student-athlete's agility that are not competitive.
5. We propose agility training should follow the principles of systematicness, comprehensiveness, accurateness, progress step by step, aim and combined sports.
6. According to the traits of agility, assistant equipment for agility training, and current methods of agility training in the US, we think agility training should include given aim training, change aim training, and combined training. And given aim training include given movement route, changing pattern of action and limits of movements.
1、在综合两国对灵敏素质概念定义的基础上,我们提出“灵敏素质是指运动员在运动过程中,根据刺激,迅速而有效的改变运动速度、动作速度和身体运动方向的运动能力”；在理论研究方面,灵敏素质训练发展敏感期的观点在我国比较有影响,而美国则提出各个阶段都应该训练运动员的灵敏素质;在训练实践方面,我国学者比较重视宏观指导,而美国学者强调对各个技术动作的要求；在实证研究方面,我国学者着重在以灵敏素质为引子,引出其它训练方法,并证明该方法是否对灵敏素质有效。而美国学者则却更愿意细分灵敏素质,找到灵敏素质与其它素质的关系。
2、中国女子大学生运动员的10米加速跑和美国男子大学生运动动态平衡能力成绩与T-test灵敏素质测试成绩表现出显著性相关外,其它各指标在各群体中与灵敏素质都没有表现出显著性的相关性。研究表明,身体形态、单脚爆发力、脚步快速移动能力在一定的程度内与灵敏素质相关,但是相关程度不显著。综合来看,灵敏素质是一个相对独立的身体素质,虽然与其它各身体素质有一定的相关关系,但是仍然需要独立的训练,我们并不能以爆发力、速度、快速能力、平衡等身体素质的训练取代灵敏素质训练。
3、我们认为中、美大学生灵敏素质差异的原因是灵敏素质木身。所以我们要进行专门的灵敏素质训练。而引起我国大学生灵敏素质较差的主要内在原因有对灵敏素质重要性的认识不够,外在原因包括训练方法、手段、内容单一,训练研究不积极,训练组织管理不细化等因素有关。
4、我们提出灵敏素质训练应该遵循系统性、全面性、准确规范性、渐进性、目的性及与专项相结合的原则。
5、根据灵敏素质的构成特点、辅助灵敏素质训练设备的使用以及当今美国普遍运用的灵敏性训练方法,我们将灵敏素质训练分为既定目标训练法、变换目标训练法、和综合训练法。其中既定目标训练法包括既定运动路线、既定动作运动转换方式、既定动作活动范围等方式。
By comparison of the difference of agility and related fitness of Chinese and American college student-athlete, we can know about more the traits of agility and the differences of agility training in idea, methods, contents, organization between Chinese and the US. By that, it will help us to improve agility training. We gain the following results through research.
1, Based on the former the norm of agility, we define agility as " agility is the ability that athlete quickly and effectively change the speed and direction of movement and action according to stimulation during the process of movement." In theory, the view of sensitive period of agility training is prevail in China, but American scholar think athlete should have agility training in any period. In practical, Chinese scholar prefer to provide whole opinion, but American scholar emphasis on the specific action of agility. In research, Chinese scholar like to prove a certain training to be effective for agility, but American prefer to research the else fitness that are related to agility.
2. In this study, we find there are not significant relationship between else fitness and agility except for10m acceleration run of Chinese college women student-athlete and dynamic balance of American college man student-athlete. There are some relationship between height, weight, sigle leg jump, quickness and agility, but they do not show significant relationship. Taking one with another, agility is a independent fitness in relation to another fitness. Therefore we adopt special ways to train athlete's agility instead of with other fitness training.
4. We think the reason why there are some difference between Chinese and American college student-athlete in agility is agility but not other fitness. So we should have special agility training. The methods, skills, contents, research, degree of importance and organization of agility training cause Chinese college student-athlete's agility that are not competitive.
5. We propose agility training should follow the principles of systematicness, comprehensiveness, accurateness, progress step by step, aim and combined sports.
6. According to the traits of agility, assistant equipment for agility training, and current methods of agility training in the US, we think agility training should include given aim training, change aim training, and combined training. And given aim training include given movement route, changing pattern of action and limits of movements.
引文
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