基于LabVIEW的虚拟应用物理实验室的设计与实现
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摘要
虚拟仪器作为现代仪器的一个主要发展方向，在测量和控制方面都有无以伦比的强大功能和灵活性，如今它作为传统仪器的主要替代方式，在科学研究和工业生产中得到广泛的应用。
物理实验室是院校教学体系的重要组成部分，在培养学生科学素质、实验技能和创新能力方面具有不可替代的作用。高起点、高标准的建设物理实验室，为教学和科研提供坚实的基础，对提高院校办学水平和教学质量有十分重要的意义。现代科学技术日新月异，这要求物理实验要不断引入新的实验方法，建立新的教学模式。
本课题尝试将虚拟仪器技术引入传统的应用物理实验室。利用虚拟仪器技术进行物理实验，将有助于改革传统的实验教学，充分利用网络资源开展网上实验，并可开出符合课程内容的许多新实验，改变长期以来实验技术跟不上新技术的局面，同时培养学生掌握现代科学技术的能力和动手能力，增强了学生的创新能力，提高了学生的综合素质。
本文首先分析了将虚拟仪器技术引入物理实验室的意义，接着对虚拟仪器的硬件系统、软件系统及开发平台进行了介绍，然后以NI公司的LabVIEW 8.20 Express为平台，基于USB-6009数据采集卡，开发出一系列虚拟仪器，如：函数信号发生器、双通道虚拟示波器、相位检测器等实验仪器。利用虚拟相位差计对光学纤维中光速的测定实验进行了重新设计。设计了基于虚拟仪器技术的减振实验系统，该实验系统的分析部分充分利用LabVIEW数据处理能力有效地实现了对两自由度振动和动力减振的观测和分析。最后本文对对虚拟仪器技术和物理实验的结合存在的问题进行了总结。
As mainstream in modern instruments, virtual instrument has exhibited powerful function and flexibility in measurements and control applications. To date, it has been applied in scientific research and industry as the substitute of traditional instruments.
Physical lab is important component of teaching system in colleges and universities and plays the key role in training the students' scientific characters, experimental skills and creative capabilities. Establishing the high level physical lab builds solid base for teaching and research and is very significant to improve education quality as well. With the ever-changing science and technology, it is necessary for physical experiments to introduce the new experimental methods and build the new teaching models.
This project has established the example to introduce the virtual instrument technique into traditional practical physical lab. Using virtual instruments in the physical experiments will help to reform traditional experimental teaching, take full advantage of internet resource for website experiments, and design the new experiments suitable to the courses which can change the situation that the experimental technique cannot catch up the rapidly developing technology. The virtual physical lab can train the students' ability to master the scientific and technological knowledge and experimental skill, strengthen the students' creativity and eventually improve the students' comprehensive quality.
The paper begins with the analysis of importance of introducing the virtual instrument in the physical lab and followed by introduction of hardware and software system and development platform of the virtual instrument. Then based on LabVIEW 8.20 Express (NI company) platform and USB-6009 data collection card, a series of virtual instruments such as function signal generator, double-channel virtual oscilloscope, phase detector, etc. have been developed. The experiment of light speed measurement in the optical fibers has been re-designed by using virtual phase difference meter. The damping experiment system based on the virtual instruments has been designed, in which the analysis part efficiently observe and analyses the two freedoms vibration and dynamic damping by using LabVIEW data processing ability. In the final part, the problems in the combination of the virtual instrument technique and physical experiments have been summarized.
物理实验室是院校教学体系的重要组成部分，在培养学生科学素质、实验技能和创新能力方面具有不可替代的作用。高起点、高标准的建设物理实验室，为教学和科研提供坚实的基础，对提高院校办学水平和教学质量有十分重要的意义。现代科学技术日新月异，这要求物理实验要不断引入新的实验方法，建立新的教学模式。
本课题尝试将虚拟仪器技术引入传统的应用物理实验室。利用虚拟仪器技术进行物理实验，将有助于改革传统的实验教学，充分利用网络资源开展网上实验，并可开出符合课程内容的许多新实验，改变长期以来实验技术跟不上新技术的局面，同时培养学生掌握现代科学技术的能力和动手能力，增强了学生的创新能力，提高了学生的综合素质。
本文首先分析了将虚拟仪器技术引入物理实验室的意义，接着对虚拟仪器的硬件系统、软件系统及开发平台进行了介绍，然后以NI公司的LabVIEW 8.20 Express为平台，基于USB-6009数据采集卡，开发出一系列虚拟仪器，如：函数信号发生器、双通道虚拟示波器、相位检测器等实验仪器。利用虚拟相位差计对光学纤维中光速的测定实验进行了重新设计。设计了基于虚拟仪器技术的减振实验系统，该实验系统的分析部分充分利用LabVIEW数据处理能力有效地实现了对两自由度振动和动力减振的观测和分析。最后本文对对虚拟仪器技术和物理实验的结合存在的问题进行了总结。
As mainstream in modern instruments, virtual instrument has exhibited powerful function and flexibility in measurements and control applications. To date, it has been applied in scientific research and industry as the substitute of traditional instruments.
Physical lab is important component of teaching system in colleges and universities and plays the key role in training the students' scientific characters, experimental skills and creative capabilities. Establishing the high level physical lab builds solid base for teaching and research and is very significant to improve education quality as well. With the ever-changing science and technology, it is necessary for physical experiments to introduce the new experimental methods and build the new teaching models.
This project has established the example to introduce the virtual instrument technique into traditional practical physical lab. Using virtual instruments in the physical experiments will help to reform traditional experimental teaching, take full advantage of internet resource for website experiments, and design the new experiments suitable to the courses which can change the situation that the experimental technique cannot catch up the rapidly developing technology. The virtual physical lab can train the students' ability to master the scientific and technological knowledge and experimental skill, strengthen the students' creativity and eventually improve the students' comprehensive quality.
The paper begins with the analysis of importance of introducing the virtual instrument in the physical lab and followed by introduction of hardware and software system and development platform of the virtual instrument. Then based on LabVIEW 8.20 Express (NI company) platform and USB-6009 data collection card, a series of virtual instruments such as function signal generator, double-channel virtual oscilloscope, phase detector, etc. have been developed. The experiment of light speed measurement in the optical fibers has been re-designed by using virtual phase difference meter. The damping experiment system based on the virtual instruments has been designed, in which the analysis part efficiently observe and analyses the two freedoms vibration and dynamic damping by using LabVIEW data processing ability. In the final part, the problems in the combination of the virtual instrument technique and physical experiments have been summarized.
引文
[1] 林君，谢宣松．虚拟仪器原理及应用[M]．北京：科学出版社，2006．
[2] 陈锡辉，张银鸿．LabVIEW 8.20程序设计从入门到精通[M]．北京：清华出版社，2007．
[3] 李文联．虚拟仪器在电子技术演示实验中的应用[J]．实验室研究与探索，2004，23(01)．
[4] 刘安丰，等．运用虚拟实验平台培养学生科技创新能力[J]．实验室研究与探索，2004，23(10)．
[5] 杨宏伟．大学物理学实验课的改革与实践[J]．中国现代教育教学杂志，2005，13(01)．
[6] 路林吉、饶家明等．虚拟仪器概论[J]．电子技术，2000(01)．
[7] The Measurement and Automation Catalog 2006, NATIONAL INSTRUMENTS, 2004.
[8] 雷振山．LabVIEW实用技术教程[M]．北京：中国铁道出版社，2004．
[9] 刘君华，贾惠芹．虚拟仪器图形化编程语言[M]．西安电子科技大学出版社，2001．
[10] Nation Instrument.User Guide and Specification/USB-6008-6009
[11] 计算机虚拟仪器图形编程LabVIEW实验教材[M]．北京中科泛华测控技术有限公司
[12] http://www.ni.com/labView/zhs/
[13] 马双宝，王攀，曾勇．基于Labview7.0虚拟信号发生器的实现[J]．微计算机信息，2005(01)．
[14] 王磊，陶梅．精通LabVIEW 8.0[M]．北京：电子工业出版社，2006．
[15] 张兆奎．大学物理实验[M]．北京：高等教育出版社，1993．
[16] 王秀芳，郝建勋．虚拟示波器的设计与实现[J]．仪器仪表学报，2005(08)
[17] 包浩明．一种虚拟双踪多功能示波器的设计与实现[J]．内蒙古师范大学学报(自然科学汉文版)．2003(02)
[18] 应用物理实验指导书，合肥工业大学理学院应用物理教研室
[19] 谢三毛．虚拟相关法测量相位差仪的设计[J]．华东交通大学学报，2006(05)
[20] 乔晓艳，贾莲凤．基于虚拟仪器的相位差软件测量算法研究[J]．计算机测量与控制 2003(06)
[21] 闻邦椿．机械振动学[M]．北京：冶金工业出版社，2000．
[22] 季文美、方同、陈松淇．机械振动[M]．北京：科学出版社，1985．
[23] 梁永绯．基于LabVIEW的虚拟振动实验系统的设计[J]．济南大学学报， 2003，17(01)．
[24] 林凯．基于LabVIEW的多通道振动测试与分析系统[J]．清华大学学报，2003，43(05)．
[25] 雷振山．LabVIEW环境下的机械工程测试实验教学[J]．实验技术与管理，2001，18(06)．
[26] 戴鹏飞，王胜开．测试工程与LabVIEW应用[M]．北京：电子工业出版社，2006．
[27] 杨乐平，李海涛等．LabVIEW高级程序编程设计[M]．北京：清华大学出版社，2003．
[28] 孙传伟．基于Web的远程虚拟仪器的实现[J]．工业控制计算机，2003(07)．
[29] 江建军．基于虚拟仪器的网络虚拟实验室构建[J]．仪表技术，2003(05)．
[2] 陈锡辉，张银鸿．LabVIEW 8.20程序设计从入门到精通[M]．北京：清华出版社，2007．
[3] 李文联．虚拟仪器在电子技术演示实验中的应用[J]．实验室研究与探索，2004，23(01)．
[4] 刘安丰，等．运用虚拟实验平台培养学生科技创新能力[J]．实验室研究与探索，2004，23(10)．
[5] 杨宏伟．大学物理学实验课的改革与实践[J]．中国现代教育教学杂志，2005，13(01)．
[6] 路林吉、饶家明等．虚拟仪器概论[J]．电子技术，2000(01)．
[7] The Measurement and Automation Catalog 2006, NATIONAL INSTRUMENTS, 2004.
[8] 雷振山．LabVIEW实用技术教程[M]．北京：中国铁道出版社，2004．
[9] 刘君华，贾惠芹．虚拟仪器图形化编程语言[M]．西安电子科技大学出版社，2001．
[10] Nation Instrument.User Guide and Specification/USB-6008-6009
[11] 计算机虚拟仪器图形编程LabVIEW实验教材[M]．北京中科泛华测控技术有限公司
[12] http://www.ni.com/labView/zhs/
[13] 马双宝，王攀，曾勇．基于Labview7.0虚拟信号发生器的实现[J]．微计算机信息，2005(01)．
[14] 王磊，陶梅．精通LabVIEW 8.0[M]．北京：电子工业出版社，2006．
[15] 张兆奎．大学物理实验[M]．北京：高等教育出版社，1993．
[16] 王秀芳，郝建勋．虚拟示波器的设计与实现[J]．仪器仪表学报，2005(08)
[17] 包浩明．一种虚拟双踪多功能示波器的设计与实现[J]．内蒙古师范大学学报(自然科学汉文版)．2003(02)
[18] 应用物理实验指导书，合肥工业大学理学院应用物理教研室
[19] 谢三毛．虚拟相关法测量相位差仪的设计[J]．华东交通大学学报，2006(05)
[20] 乔晓艳，贾莲凤．基于虚拟仪器的相位差软件测量算法研究[J]．计算机测量与控制 2003(06)
[21] 闻邦椿．机械振动学[M]．北京：冶金工业出版社，2000．
[22] 季文美、方同、陈松淇．机械振动[M]．北京：科学出版社，1985．
[23] 梁永绯．基于LabVIEW的虚拟振动实验系统的设计[J]．济南大学学报， 2003，17(01)．
[24] 林凯．基于LabVIEW的多通道振动测试与分析系统[J]．清华大学学报，2003，43(05)．
[25] 雷振山．LabVIEW环境下的机械工程测试实验教学[J]．实验技术与管理，2001，18(06)．
[26] 戴鹏飞，王胜开．测试工程与LabVIEW应用[M]．北京：电子工业出版社，2006．
[27] 杨乐平，李海涛等．LabVIEW高级程序编程设计[M]．北京：清华大学出版社，2003．
[28] 孙传伟．基于Web的远程虚拟仪器的实现[J]．工业控制计算机，2003(07)．
[29] 江建军．基于虚拟仪器的网络虚拟实验室构建[J]．仪表技术，2003(05)．