奶牛精确饲喂装置检测系统的研究
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摘要
随着国民经济的发展,人民生活水平的提高,畜牧业得到了很大的发展成为地方新兴产业的主导产业,而奶牛业作为畜牧业的重要组成部分,在国民经济和社会发展中占据着重要的地位。但是随着我国奶牛养殖业的飞速发展,如何提高奶牛的产奶量以及奶牛的产奶质量,提高效益是奶牛业面临的重大课题。促进奶牛养殖的标准化、集约化和科学化建设,实现从传统生产管理向现代管理方式转变,以规模经营为载体,不断提高科技含量,对于我国奶业的持续健康发展是至关重要的。
采食量是反刍动物健康和生产所需的营养物质的量化基础。只有均衡持续地提高奶牛的采食量,使奶牛能够获得较全面的营养元素,才可以实现理想的牛奶产量,从而提高产业收入,然而依靠人工采集的数据误差大,实时性不好,给管理带来了很大难度。因此为了使奶牛的管理更加科学、规范、快捷,推广机械化饲喂,使用计算机技术迫在眉睫。
本文首先分析了奶牛饲喂技术与设备的发展现状,确定了装置的技术要求。按照整个设备的设计过程进行分析研究,确定饲喂装置的总体方案,装置主要由给料机构、称重机构及卸料机构组成。在虚拟仪器及其软件开发平台Lab view的基础上通过PC机与AVR ATmega32单片机实现无线数据通信,分别设计了基于无线收发芯片NRF24E1的无线通信模块和基于称重传感器的无线数据采集模块。本系统的无线数据采集模块改进了传统的采食量测量方法,利用称重感器技术方便快捷地采集数据。通过芯片的选型以及芯片外围电路的改进优化了硬件电路,并且设计了有效的通信协议,对奶牛个体采集准确性提高,防止传输的数据信号产生畸变并具有剔除错误信号的能力。上下位机间简单的串口通讯和上位机图形化的Lab view编程,使得整个系统模块化程度高、结构清晰、调试方便、运行稳定可靠。
实验结果表明,本课题开发的奶牛信息采集系统用户界面友好,功能比较完备,实现对多头奶牛采食数据的采集,操作简单,能满足奶牛养殖场对基本数据的采集需要,系统低成本,低功耗,高可靠性,应用广泛,有很好的应用前景。
With the development of national economy, people's living standards have been improved, and the animal husbandry has been greatly developed into a new industry where the leading industry. Dairy industry is an important part of animal husbandry which occupies an important status in the national economy and social development. But with the rapid development of China's dairy industry, how to improve milk production and cow milk quality, and efficiency is a major issue. For the sustained and healthy development of China's dairy industry, the scale of operation as the carrier, promoting the standardization of dairy farming, intensive and scientific construction, production management from the traditional to the modern management pattern and increasing scientific and technological content is crucial.
Ruminant feeding intake is required for animal health and production which is based on the quantification of nutrients. Only improving the dairy cow feeding intake equitably and continuously, do dairy cow have access to more comprehensive nutrients before they can achieve the desired milk production, and to improve industry revenue. However, the poor timeliness of data errors would exist which are relied on manual collection that would leads the management to a great degree of difficulty. Therefore, in order to make the management of dairy dairy cow more scientific, standardized and fast, the use of computer technology is imminent to promote mechanized feeding.
This paper analyzes the dairy cow feed the development status of technology and determined the device's technical requirements. According to the analysis of the design process, the overall scheme of feeding device has determined. The device is mainly composed by feeding body weight bodies and discharging institutions. Based on the virtual instrument and its software development platform, the single chip wireless data communication is achieved with the Lab view PC and the AVR ATmega32, respectively, the wireless transceiver chip was designed based on the wireless communication module NRF24E1 load cell-based wireless data acquisition module. The wireless data acquisition module of the system improves the intake of traditional measurement methods and uses the weighing sensor technology to quickly and easily collect the data. Through the chip selection and chip peripheral circuits, it improved and optimized hardware improvements, and designed an effective communication protocol to improve the accuracy of the collection of individual dairy cow, and to prevent the transmission of data signals and have removed the distortion error signals. Between simple upper and lower computer serial communication, the Labview graphical programming makes the system high degree, clear structure, easy commissioning and reliable operation.
Experimental results show that the development of the dairy project information collection system is used friendly. The feature is more comprehensive, and the feeding dairy cow data collection is achieve at the same time, its operation is simple and could meet the basic needs of data collection for dairy farms. Low system cost, low- power consumption, high reliability and widely used indicates a good prospect.
采食量是反刍动物健康和生产所需的营养物质的量化基础。只有均衡持续地提高奶牛的采食量,使奶牛能够获得较全面的营养元素,才可以实现理想的牛奶产量,从而提高产业收入,然而依靠人工采集的数据误差大,实时性不好,给管理带来了很大难度。因此为了使奶牛的管理更加科学、规范、快捷,推广机械化饲喂,使用计算机技术迫在眉睫。
本文首先分析了奶牛饲喂技术与设备的发展现状,确定了装置的技术要求。按照整个设备的设计过程进行分析研究,确定饲喂装置的总体方案,装置主要由给料机构、称重机构及卸料机构组成。在虚拟仪器及其软件开发平台Lab view的基础上通过PC机与AVR ATmega32单片机实现无线数据通信,分别设计了基于无线收发芯片NRF24E1的无线通信模块和基于称重传感器的无线数据采集模块。本系统的无线数据采集模块改进了传统的采食量测量方法,利用称重感器技术方便快捷地采集数据。通过芯片的选型以及芯片外围电路的改进优化了硬件电路,并且设计了有效的通信协议,对奶牛个体采集准确性提高,防止传输的数据信号产生畸变并具有剔除错误信号的能力。上下位机间简单的串口通讯和上位机图形化的Lab view编程,使得整个系统模块化程度高、结构清晰、调试方便、运行稳定可靠。
实验结果表明,本课题开发的奶牛信息采集系统用户界面友好,功能比较完备,实现对多头奶牛采食数据的采集,操作简单,能满足奶牛养殖场对基本数据的采集需要,系统低成本,低功耗,高可靠性,应用广泛,有很好的应用前景。
With the development of national economy, people's living standards have been improved, and the animal husbandry has been greatly developed into a new industry where the leading industry. Dairy industry is an important part of animal husbandry which occupies an important status in the national economy and social development. But with the rapid development of China's dairy industry, how to improve milk production and cow milk quality, and efficiency is a major issue. For the sustained and healthy development of China's dairy industry, the scale of operation as the carrier, promoting the standardization of dairy farming, intensive and scientific construction, production management from the traditional to the modern management pattern and increasing scientific and technological content is crucial.
Ruminant feeding intake is required for animal health and production which is based on the quantification of nutrients. Only improving the dairy cow feeding intake equitably and continuously, do dairy cow have access to more comprehensive nutrients before they can achieve the desired milk production, and to improve industry revenue. However, the poor timeliness of data errors would exist which are relied on manual collection that would leads the management to a great degree of difficulty. Therefore, in order to make the management of dairy dairy cow more scientific, standardized and fast, the use of computer technology is imminent to promote mechanized feeding.
This paper analyzes the dairy cow feed the development status of technology and determined the device's technical requirements. According to the analysis of the design process, the overall scheme of feeding device has determined. The device is mainly composed by feeding body weight bodies and discharging institutions. Based on the virtual instrument and its software development platform, the single chip wireless data communication is achieved with the Lab view PC and the AVR ATmega32, respectively, the wireless transceiver chip was designed based on the wireless communication module NRF24E1 load cell-based wireless data acquisition module. The wireless data acquisition module of the system improves the intake of traditional measurement methods and uses the weighing sensor technology to quickly and easily collect the data. Through the chip selection and chip peripheral circuits, it improved and optimized hardware improvements, and designed an effective communication protocol to improve the accuracy of the collection of individual dairy cow, and to prevent the transmission of data signals and have removed the distortion error signals. Between simple upper and lower computer serial communication, the Labview graphical programming makes the system high degree, clear structure, easy commissioning and reliable operation.
Experimental results show that the development of the dairy project information collection system is used friendly. The feature is more comprehensive, and the feeding dairy cow data collection is achieve at the same time, its operation is simple and could meet the basic needs of data collection for dairy farms. Low system cost, low- power consumption, high reliability and widely used indicates a good prospect.
引文
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[2]张盛友.舍饲水牛采食行为监测系统的建立和应用研究.南京农业大学硕士论文. 2000-06-01,4-512-15
[3]王峰,田春英等.澳大利亚奶牛业[J],畜牧与饲料科学,2005,(1):48-49.
[4]徐春阳.美国奶业给我们的启示[J].农场经济管理,2007,(5):15-17.
[5]李仕坚,陆阳清.美国奶牛业考察报告[J].中国奶牛,2007,(4):50-52.
[6]吴小华.网络化的精密配料控制技术研究.西安交通大学硕士学位论文2003.
[7]OIML.Seminar“Weighing in Braunschweigh”,15-18,May,1990.
[8]Koukouvinos,Christos.Optimal weighing designs and some new weighing matrices. Statistics and Probability Letters Volume:25,Issue:1,October,1995:37-42;
[9]Lidn,Gran;Bergman,Gunnel.Weighing imprecision and handle ability of the sampling cassettes of the IOM sampler for invaluable dust. The Annals of Occupational Hygiene Volume:45,Issue:3,April, 2001:241-25;
[10]宋连喜,纂颖.关于我国加快推广奶牛TMR饲养技术的思考[J].辽宁畜牧兽医,2004(9):38~40. Song lian xi, Zuan Ying. Thought on expedite popularizing feeding technique of cow’s TMR inourcountry[J].Liaoning Journal of Animal HusbandryandVeterinaryMedicine,2004(9):38~40. (in Chinese).
[11]张元跃.猪改良的目标与策略:应用前景,养猪,2000,2:22一24
[12]王亮亮.饲喂模式和TMR颗粒度对奶牛瘤胃发酵和生产性能的影响[D].北京:中国农业大学, 2006.
[13]陈钦国.奶牛全混合(TMR)日粮饲养技术[J]. http://www.tmr.cn/old/Article_Print.asp?ArticleID=494.
[14]颜旺洪,高剑锋,王飞雪.粮食与饲料工业包装秤的选用[J].粮食与饲料工业.2003,11:21-22.
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