地铁施工监测及其数据库研究
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摘要
由于地铁工程具有施工环境复杂、施工地点多在闹市区,施工干扰较大等特点,且目前地铁施工监测存在较大漏洞,现有的施工监测系统只对测点的监测值进行了记录,而并没有将各种监测类型的影响因素在监测系统中反映,若某测点的监测值超过其控制标准,因系统中的资料不全,无法对其造成的原因进行更深入的分析,以此来反馈和指导施工,造成监测资料的大量流失和低水平的利用,所以建立一个能包括地铁施工各种监测类型的影响因素及监测数据的全面的数据库具有其必要性和重要意义。
论文以某地铁区间隧道和车站明挖基坑的监测数据为基础,结合其现有监测项目和监测值控制标准,选取地表沉降、地下管线沉降、建筑物沉降、土体位移等四种监测类型为对象,分析了各监测类型的主要影响因素和各影响因素对该监测类型的一般性影响规律,并提出了基于监测数据分析应提取的影响因素,包括地质条件、施工工艺、隧道埋深、开挖进度等对地表沉降的影响;地层土质、管线材质、管径、管道埋深、地层损失率、管隧间距等对地下管线沉降的影响;基坑降水、地基土质、基础形式、结构形式、基坑距离、位移历史等对建筑物沉降的影响;钻孔倾斜度、测斜管埋设深度、填料、探头稳定时间等对土体位移的影响。另外,论文结合各监测类型的影响因素和监测数据,基于Microsoft Access 2007对某地铁施工监测数据库进行基本模型的设计,对数据库的功能、数据表及其逻辑关系、数据库的简要运行模块进行主要介绍。
Metro project’s construction environment is very complex, such as the serious construction disturbance in the center of city and lots of drawbacks in construction monitoring. Although the monitoring information systems used now record the monitoring data, its influencing factors cannot be showed in these systems. When the monitoring data overtake the controlling criteria, it would be hard to analyze the reason by which the metro construction could not be guided, so that a lot of information would be lost. Therefore, it is meaningful and necessary to build a database which includes monitoring types, monitoring data and its influencing factors information.
The thesis takes the monitoring data of a metro tunnel and a station foundation pit as the original data, combines with monitoring type and controlling criteria, and chooses four monitoring types, such as ground surface settlement, underground pipe settlement, building subsidence, soil displacement, to analyze the main influencing factors and regularity of monitoring types. It proposes some influencing factors based on monitoring data. First, it includes the ground surface settlement’s influencing factors, such as geological characteristics, construction technology, tunnel depth, the progress of excavation. Second, the underground pipe settlement’s influencing factors, such as soil material, pipe material, diameter, pipe depth, stratigraphic loss rate, the distance between pipe and tunnel are proposed. Third, it also includes the building subsidence’s influencing factors, such as foundation pit dewatering, foundation form, structure form, the distance between building and the foundation pit, displacement history. Fourth, the soil displacement’s influencing factors, such as the inclination of the hole, inclinometer tube depth, filling material, the stability time of probe are also proposed. In addition, it mainly analyzes the function of database, data tables, logical relationship and operation modules on the basis of the design of a metro construction monitoring database model by Microsoft Access 2007, combined with monitoring data and its influencing factors.
论文以某地铁区间隧道和车站明挖基坑的监测数据为基础,结合其现有监测项目和监测值控制标准,选取地表沉降、地下管线沉降、建筑物沉降、土体位移等四种监测类型为对象,分析了各监测类型的主要影响因素和各影响因素对该监测类型的一般性影响规律,并提出了基于监测数据分析应提取的影响因素,包括地质条件、施工工艺、隧道埋深、开挖进度等对地表沉降的影响;地层土质、管线材质、管径、管道埋深、地层损失率、管隧间距等对地下管线沉降的影响;基坑降水、地基土质、基础形式、结构形式、基坑距离、位移历史等对建筑物沉降的影响;钻孔倾斜度、测斜管埋设深度、填料、探头稳定时间等对土体位移的影响。另外,论文结合各监测类型的影响因素和监测数据,基于Microsoft Access 2007对某地铁施工监测数据库进行基本模型的设计,对数据库的功能、数据表及其逻辑关系、数据库的简要运行模块进行主要介绍。
Metro project’s construction environment is very complex, such as the serious construction disturbance in the center of city and lots of drawbacks in construction monitoring. Although the monitoring information systems used now record the monitoring data, its influencing factors cannot be showed in these systems. When the monitoring data overtake the controlling criteria, it would be hard to analyze the reason by which the metro construction could not be guided, so that a lot of information would be lost. Therefore, it is meaningful and necessary to build a database which includes monitoring types, monitoring data and its influencing factors information.
The thesis takes the monitoring data of a metro tunnel and a station foundation pit as the original data, combines with monitoring type and controlling criteria, and chooses four monitoring types, such as ground surface settlement, underground pipe settlement, building subsidence, soil displacement, to analyze the main influencing factors and regularity of monitoring types. It proposes some influencing factors based on monitoring data. First, it includes the ground surface settlement’s influencing factors, such as geological characteristics, construction technology, tunnel depth, the progress of excavation. Second, the underground pipe settlement’s influencing factors, such as soil material, pipe material, diameter, pipe depth, stratigraphic loss rate, the distance between pipe and tunnel are proposed. Third, it also includes the building subsidence’s influencing factors, such as foundation pit dewatering, foundation form, structure form, the distance between building and the foundation pit, displacement history. Fourth, the soil displacement’s influencing factors, such as the inclination of the hole, inclinometer tube depth, filling material, the stability time of probe are also proposed. In addition, it mainly analyzes the function of database, data tables, logical relationship and operation modules on the basis of the design of a metro construction monitoring database model by Microsoft Access 2007, combined with monitoring data and its influencing factors.
引文
[1] Peck R.B. Tunneling in soils. In: 10th ICSMFE.Stockholm, 1981: 607~628
[2] Attewell P.B. Engineering contract, site investigation and surface movements in tunneling works failures and displacement. In: 6th Panamerican Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering. Lima, Peru, 1981: 5~12
[3]郭树文.环境监测数据信息管理系统的开发与应用.赤峰学院学报(自然科学版), 2010, 26(2): 54~55
[4] Schubert K.W. & Grossauer E.A. Interpretation of displacement monitoring data for tunnels in heterogeneous rock masses. International Journal of Rock Mechanics And Mining Sciences. 2004, 41(3): 4999～5007
[5]王浩,焦玉勇.地下工程监测信息管理、安全预警软件开发与应用.建筑监督检测与造价, 2009, 2(11): 39~42
[6]肖向军.对地铁施工监测信息管理及安全预警系统的探讨.广东科技, 2009, 204(2): 177~178
[7]赵吉先,吕开云,聂运菊.地下工程测量发展回顾与展望.测绘通报, 2006, (10):51~52
[8]梅志荣,马士伟.隧道工程监测技术与动态设计方法的新进展.见:中国铁道学会.推进铁路新跨越加快经济大发展—中国科协2004年学术年会铁道分会场论文集.北京:中国铁道学会,2004: 420~425
[9]伍良仓,颜荣贵.信息化施工与工程监测技术.江西有色金属, 2001, 15(1): 11~13
[10]黄鑫华,贺跃光.地下工程的信息化施工与变形监测.中国锰业, 2003, 21(3): 39~45
[11]黄明波.监控量测与信息化施工.西部探矿工程, 2008, (7): 165~169
[12]廖少明,侯学渊.盾构法隧道信息化施工控制.同济大学学报, 2002, 30(11): 1305~1310
[13]胡秋玲.隧道和地下工程的信息化施工.科技情报开发与经济, 2006, 16(12): 172~173
[14]张桂生,刘新荣,胡元鑫.隧道信息化施工监测的项目化管理实践与思考.地下空间与工程学报, 2009, 5(1): 175~181
[15]毛国才,吴壮军.信息化施工技术在城市地下工程中的应用.湖南有色金属, 2003, 19(3): 5~7
[16]张兴武,徐岩彬,彭立斌.地下洞室永久期安全监控软件系统的设计和开发.岩石力学与工程学报, 2000, 19(增): 1048~1052
[17]李元海,朱合华.岩土工程施工监测信息系统初探.岩土力学, 2002, 23(1): 103~106
[18]贾明涛,王李管,潘长良.基于监测数据的边坡位移可视化分析系统.岩石力学与工程学报, 2003, 22(8): 1324~1328
[19]王浩,吴振君,汤华等.地下厂房监测信息管理、预测系统的设计与应用.岩土力学, 2006, 27(1): 163~167
[20]吴振君,邓建辉,闵弘.基于GIS的滑坡监测信息管理与分析系统.岩土力学, 2004, 25(11): 1739~1743
[21]郭军,杨柯,李勇平.岩土工程安全监测软件系统的GEDL数据库平台.昆明理工大学学报, 2000, 25(3): 54~63
[22]吴金华,丘先赚,金全鑫等.监测作业与地下工程.岩石力学与工程学报, 1999, 18(增): 1181~1184
[23]郝小红,崔江利,曹国金.隧洞监测信息数据库管理系统的设计与应用.建井技术, 2003, 24(4): 38~42
[24]孙钧,胡向东.盾构隧道施工监控系统数据库的研究.地下工程与隧道, 2002, (1): 2~9
[25]贺跃光,杜年春,李志伟.基于Web GIS的城市地铁施工监测信息管理系统研究.岩土力学, 2009, 30(1): 265~269
[26]邱冬炜,杨松林.城市地铁施工监测系统的探讨.测绘科学, 2007, 148(4): 175~176
[27]郝传才.地铁监测信息系统的应用.广州建筑, 2006, (5): 33~36
[28]赵运臣.城市地下工程施工引起的地表沉降规律研究及数据库开发[硕士学位论文].上海:同济大学, 2007
[29] Aouad G. Managing construction information electively using integrated databases. The Organization and Management of Construction. 1996, (3): 14~22
[30] Tom C.M. Use of the Internet to enhance construction communication:toatal information transfer system. International Journal of Project Management. 1999, 17(2): 107~111
[31] Stephen M. A model of information management for construction using information technology. Automation in Construction. 2001, 10(2): 257~263
[32] Martos F. Concerning an approximate aquation of subsidence trough and its time factors. In: Proc. of the International Strata Control Congress. Leipzig:Leipzig Unive- rsity press, 1958: 225~290
[33] Fujita K. On the surface settlements caused by various methods of shield tunneling. In: Proc.11th Int.Conf.on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering,1981: 609~610
[34]赵宏华,陈国兴.考虑盾构隧道埋深影响和岩土特性影响的地表变形计算.工业建筑, 2010, 40(12): 60~64
[35]孙宇坤,吴为义,张土乔等.管隧平行时地下管线沉降的影响因素分析.中国给水排水, 2008, 24(10): 95~98
[36] Atkinson J.H. & Potts D.M. Subsidence above shallow tunnels in soft ground. American Society of Civil Engineers,Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division. 1977, 103(4): 307~325
[37]余振翼,魏纲.顶管施工对相邻平行地下管线位移影响因素分析.岩土力学, 2004, 25(3): 441~445
[38] Weiwu Wan & Jun Kang. Highway transportation comprehensive evaluation. Computers & Industrial Engineering. 1994, 27(4): 257~259
[39] Nobuo T. & Shimamura K. Buried pipe responses to adjacent ground movements associated with tunneling and excavations. Pentech Press. 1985: 97~112
[40] Ranldn W. J. Ground movements resulting from urban tunneling: prediction and effects. In: Conference on Engineering Geology of Underground Movements.Nottingham, 1988: 79~92
[41]杨林松.基坑施工引起坑周土体应力与位移场变化特征研究[硕士学位论文].上海:同济大学, 2007
[42]左其亭,马军霞,张能奎.建筑物沉降量预测和最终沉降量早期确定的灰色Verhulst模型.岩土工程技术, 1998, (1): 59~62
[43]沈锦儒.复合地基承载力与建筑物沉降的关系.电力勘测, 1995, (3): 10-14
[44] Clough G.W. & Schrnidt B. Design and performance of excavations and tunnels in soft clay. Soft Clay Engineering. 1981: 569~634
[45] Lindsey Sebastian Bryson. Performance of a stiff excavation support system in soft clay and the response of an adjacent building. Northwestern University. 2002: 52~68
[46] Mo Y.L. & Wang J.M. Seismic response of reinforced concrete buildings close to deep excavation. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering. 1997, 145(1): 117~134
[47] Lake L.M. & Rankin W.J. & Hawley J. Prediction and effects of ground movements caused by tunneling in soft ground beneath urban areas. London:Construction Industry Research and Information Association. 1992
[48]张昆.深基坑施工引起周围土体位移监测分析[硕士学位论文].成都:西南交通大学, 2005
[49]陈利洲.基坑深层土体水平位移及支撑内力测试分析.施工技术, 2008, 37(11): 94~96
[50]顾培英,吴亚忠,邓昌.基坑深层土体水平位移监测影响因素浅析.岩土工程界, 2007, 10(6): 76~78
[2] Attewell P.B. Engineering contract, site investigation and surface movements in tunneling works failures and displacement. In: 6th Panamerican Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering. Lima, Peru, 1981: 5~12
[3]郭树文.环境监测数据信息管理系统的开发与应用.赤峰学院学报(自然科学版), 2010, 26(2): 54~55
[4] Schubert K.W. & Grossauer E.A. Interpretation of displacement monitoring data for tunnels in heterogeneous rock masses. International Journal of Rock Mechanics And Mining Sciences. 2004, 41(3): 4999～5007
[5]王浩,焦玉勇.地下工程监测信息管理、安全预警软件开发与应用.建筑监督检测与造价, 2009, 2(11): 39~42
[6]肖向军.对地铁施工监测信息管理及安全预警系统的探讨.广东科技, 2009, 204(2): 177~178
[7]赵吉先,吕开云,聂运菊.地下工程测量发展回顾与展望.测绘通报, 2006, (10):51~52
[8]梅志荣,马士伟.隧道工程监测技术与动态设计方法的新进展.见:中国铁道学会.推进铁路新跨越加快经济大发展—中国科协2004年学术年会铁道分会场论文集.北京:中国铁道学会,2004: 420~425
[9]伍良仓,颜荣贵.信息化施工与工程监测技术.江西有色金属, 2001, 15(1): 11~13
[10]黄鑫华,贺跃光.地下工程的信息化施工与变形监测.中国锰业, 2003, 21(3): 39~45
[11]黄明波.监控量测与信息化施工.西部探矿工程, 2008, (7): 165~169
[12]廖少明,侯学渊.盾构法隧道信息化施工控制.同济大学学报, 2002, 30(11): 1305~1310
[13]胡秋玲.隧道和地下工程的信息化施工.科技情报开发与经济, 2006, 16(12): 172~173
[14]张桂生,刘新荣,胡元鑫.隧道信息化施工监测的项目化管理实践与思考.地下空间与工程学报, 2009, 5(1): 175~181
[15]毛国才,吴壮军.信息化施工技术在城市地下工程中的应用.湖南有色金属, 2003, 19(3): 5~7
[16]张兴武,徐岩彬,彭立斌.地下洞室永久期安全监控软件系统的设计和开发.岩石力学与工程学报, 2000, 19(增): 1048~1052
[17]李元海,朱合华.岩土工程施工监测信息系统初探.岩土力学, 2002, 23(1): 103~106
[18]贾明涛,王李管,潘长良.基于监测数据的边坡位移可视化分析系统.岩石力学与工程学报, 2003, 22(8): 1324~1328
[19]王浩,吴振君,汤华等.地下厂房监测信息管理、预测系统的设计与应用.岩土力学, 2006, 27(1): 163~167
[20]吴振君,邓建辉,闵弘.基于GIS的滑坡监测信息管理与分析系统.岩土力学, 2004, 25(11): 1739~1743
[21]郭军,杨柯,李勇平.岩土工程安全监测软件系统的GEDL数据库平台.昆明理工大学学报, 2000, 25(3): 54~63
[22]吴金华,丘先赚,金全鑫等.监测作业与地下工程.岩石力学与工程学报, 1999, 18(增): 1181~1184
[23]郝小红,崔江利,曹国金.隧洞监测信息数据库管理系统的设计与应用.建井技术, 2003, 24(4): 38~42
[24]孙钧,胡向东.盾构隧道施工监控系统数据库的研究.地下工程与隧道, 2002, (1): 2~9
[25]贺跃光,杜年春,李志伟.基于Web GIS的城市地铁施工监测信息管理系统研究.岩土力学, 2009, 30(1): 265~269
[26]邱冬炜,杨松林.城市地铁施工监测系统的探讨.测绘科学, 2007, 148(4): 175~176
[27]郝传才.地铁监测信息系统的应用.广州建筑, 2006, (5): 33~36
[28]赵运臣.城市地下工程施工引起的地表沉降规律研究及数据库开发[硕士学位论文].上海:同济大学, 2007
[29] Aouad G. Managing construction information electively using integrated databases. The Organization and Management of Construction. 1996, (3): 14~22
[30] Tom C.M. Use of the Internet to enhance construction communication:toatal information transfer system. International Journal of Project Management. 1999, 17(2): 107~111
[31] Stephen M. A model of information management for construction using information technology. Automation in Construction. 2001, 10(2): 257~263
[32] Martos F. Concerning an approximate aquation of subsidence trough and its time factors. In: Proc. of the International Strata Control Congress. Leipzig:Leipzig Unive- rsity press, 1958: 225~290
[33] Fujita K. On the surface settlements caused by various methods of shield tunneling. In: Proc.11th Int.Conf.on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering,1981: 609~610
[34]赵宏华,陈国兴.考虑盾构隧道埋深影响和岩土特性影响的地表变形计算.工业建筑, 2010, 40(12): 60~64
[35]孙宇坤,吴为义,张土乔等.管隧平行时地下管线沉降的影响因素分析.中国给水排水, 2008, 24(10): 95~98
[36] Atkinson J.H. & Potts D.M. Subsidence above shallow tunnels in soft ground. American Society of Civil Engineers,Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division. 1977, 103(4): 307~325
[37]余振翼,魏纲.顶管施工对相邻平行地下管线位移影响因素分析.岩土力学, 2004, 25(3): 441~445
[38] Weiwu Wan & Jun Kang. Highway transportation comprehensive evaluation. Computers & Industrial Engineering. 1994, 27(4): 257~259
[39] Nobuo T. & Shimamura K. Buried pipe responses to adjacent ground movements associated with tunneling and excavations. Pentech Press. 1985: 97~112
[40] Ranldn W. J. Ground movements resulting from urban tunneling: prediction and effects. In: Conference on Engineering Geology of Underground Movements.Nottingham, 1988: 79~92
[41]杨林松.基坑施工引起坑周土体应力与位移场变化特征研究[硕士学位论文].上海:同济大学, 2007
[42]左其亭,马军霞,张能奎.建筑物沉降量预测和最终沉降量早期确定的灰色Verhulst模型.岩土工程技术, 1998, (1): 59~62
[43]沈锦儒.复合地基承载力与建筑物沉降的关系.电力勘测, 1995, (3): 10-14
[44] Clough G.W. & Schrnidt B. Design and performance of excavations and tunnels in soft clay. Soft Clay Engineering. 1981: 569~634
[45] Lindsey Sebastian Bryson. Performance of a stiff excavation support system in soft clay and the response of an adjacent building. Northwestern University. 2002: 52~68
[46] Mo Y.L. & Wang J.M. Seismic response of reinforced concrete buildings close to deep excavation. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering. 1997, 145(1): 117~134
[47] Lake L.M. & Rankin W.J. & Hawley J. Prediction and effects of ground movements caused by tunneling in soft ground beneath urban areas. London:Construction Industry Research and Information Association. 1992
[48]张昆.深基坑施工引起周围土体位移监测分析[硕士学位论文].成都:西南交通大学, 2005
[49]陈利洲.基坑深层土体水平位移及支撑内力测试分析.施工技术, 2008, 37(11): 94~96
[50]顾培英,吴亚忠,邓昌.基坑深层土体水平位移监测影响因素浅析.岩土工程界, 2007, 10(6): 76~78