门式起重机仿真检测研究
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摘要
门式起重机械作为一种大型、复杂的机械系统,在运行过程中主梁、部件之间的相互作用可能会造成主梁下挠、部件严重损坏、使用寿命缩短、甚至会造成人身伤亡及设备事故,给企业造成严重损失,但是目前却难以对大吨位门式起重机的金属结构进行现场满载检测。
     本文以MG0318双主梁门式起重机为研究对象,运用ADAMS和ANSYS软件对其进行仿真检测分析,探讨利用现场小吨位载荷检测数据对仿真检测数据进行修正,并在其基础上对门式起重机进行仿真满载检测。主要做了如下工作:首先,根据动力学基本理论建立门式起重机的动力学模型,利用ADAMS软件对门式起重机进行不同工况的接触力分析及钢丝绳在联合工况下的拉力分析,得到相应的接触力曲线及钢丝绳的拉力曲线,并对门式起重机的大车运行机构进行碰撞分析,得到大车车轮的抬高曲线;其次,运用ANSYS软件对门式起重机样机模型进行不同工况下的静力学检测分析,得到相应的云图,并对有限分析的最大应力处进行现场应力检测,利用现场小吨位载荷检测的数据对有限元检测数据进行修正,并在其基础上对门式起重机进行仿真满载应力检测;结合实例验证表明:利用现场小吨位载荷检测数据对仿真检测数据进行修正,对门式起重机进行仿真满载检测具有较高的准确性;最后,对门式起重机样机模型进行模态和瞬态分析,得出相应的固有频率和振型、位移时间历程曲线。根据上述研究并结合实例验证基于现场小吨位载荷检测数据仿真检测分析的正确性与合理性。为了实现同类型、不同尺寸参数的门式起重机仿真检测,采用Visual Basic6.0编程软件开发了基于Pro/E、ANSYS、ADAMS的检测系统,该系统包括参数化建模、强度分析、刚度分析、模态分析、瞬态分析、满载预判等模块。
The gantry crane is a large and complex mechanical system. Deflection of thegirder, severe damage of the parts, shortening of operating life, equipment accidentsand even personnel casualty may occur during its operation process, causing hugelosses to the company. However, under current conditions it is difficult to run on-sitefull-load testing on the metal structure of large-tonnage gantry crane.
     Taking double-girder gantry crane as research object, this paper explores thepossibility of running simulation full-load testing of gantry crane after revising thesimulation testing data with those of on-site small-tonnage load testing. Major worksare as followed: Firstly, I set up a dynamical model of the gantry crane in light of thebasic dynamic theory, and then to gain the corresponding curves of the contact forceand the wirerope’s tensile force, I utilize the software ADAMS to analyse the gantrycrane’s contact force under different working conditions as well as the tensile forceof the wirerope under combined working conditions. I also run collision analysis onthe crane travelling mechanism of the gantry crane to get the curve of the wheels’elevated height. Secondly, in order to get corresponding displacement nephogram, Iutilize software ANSYS to run statics testing and analysis on Prototype of the gantrycrane under different working conditions. I also run on-site stress testing on themaximum stress of the finite analysis, and revise the testing data of finite elementwith those of on-site small-tonnage load testing. On that basis, I then run simulationfull-load stress testing on gantry crane.The practical cases demonstrate that it ismore precise to run full-load gantry crane testing after revising the simulation testingdata with those of on-site small-tonnage load testing.And lastly, I run modal andtransient analysis on the gantry crane to obtain its corresponding inherentfrequencies and mode shapes, as well as the displacement time curves.
     The above-mentioned research and practical cases demonstrate the correctnessand rationality of the simulation testing and analysis based on the on-sitesmall-tonnage load testing data. To be able to carry out the simulation testing amonggantry cranes of the same type but different size parameters successfully, I utilize theprogramming software Visual Basic6.0to develop a testing systems based onPro/E、ANSYS and ADAMS, including modules like parametric modeling、intensityanalysis、stiffness analysis、modal and transient analysis、full-load anticipation, etc.
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