三相并联型有源滤波器谐波检测与补偿控制技术的仿真研究
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摘要
随着电力电子技术的快速发展,越来越多的非线性负载和各种换流设备广泛应用于电力系统中,使得电力系统的谐波污染日益严重,大大影响了电能质量。有源滤波器(Active Power Filter,即APF)作为治理电网谐波最有效的新型电力电子装置,较于传统的无源LC滤波器,具有补偿效果好、可实现动态跟踪补偿等优点,现已得到快速发展。
论文介绍了国内外APF的研究现状和发展趋势,其工作原理和各种拓扑结构。APF补偿效果的关键在于谐波电流的检测方法和电流跟踪控制的方法。本文在介绍常用检测方法的基础上,结合三相三线并联型APF的特点,重点研究了基于瞬时无功功率理论的ip-iq检测法与基于自适应干扰对消原理的自适应闭环检测法。
三角波比较控制和滞环跟踪控制是目前实现APF电流跟踪控制的常用方式。鉴于二者各自的缺点,本文提出了基于逆系统的APF变结构控制方法。实际系统是一个多输入多输出、耦合的非线性系统,利用逆系统方法将原系统线性化解耦,构造出伪线性系统。变结构控制具有良好的鲁棒性和快速跟踪的动态品质,利用其趋近律设计方法设计了伪线性系统的控制律。
最后,采用Matlab/simulink软件平台进行建模仿真实验,针对电网不对称、电源电压波形畸变和负载突变三种情况,分八种工况分别基于ip-iq检测/变结构控制的APF系统与基于自适应闭环检测/变结构控制的APF系统进行仿真研究。研究结果表明：基于自适应闭环检测/变结构控制的APF系统实际检测出的补偿电流可快速准确地跟踪指令电流信号,进行谐波补偿,且直流侧电压也可快速达到稳定值,补偿性能良好,系统的研究设计可行有效。
With the rapid development of power electronics technology, more and more nonlinear loads and a variety of converter devices have been widely used in power systems, the increasingly severe harmonic pollution has a serious influence on the power quality. As the most effective power electronic devices of harmonic suppression, compared with the traditional passive filter, active power filter (APF) has an excellent compensation effect and dynamic tracking compensation, which has been rapidly developing.
Based on the latest references and technology of APF at home and abroad, the paper explains working principles and topology structures of APF. The APF compensation performance depends on harmonic current detection method and current track-control methods.Based on the description of the detecting method widely used and the characteristics of three-phase three-line shunt APF, this paper chooses the ip-iq detecting method based on the instantaneous reactive power theory and the adaptive closed-loop detecting method based on the adaptive interference cancellation principle.
Currently, the triangular wave comparison control and the tracking control of hysteresis are the main methods of current tracking control. Given the shortcomings of the two methods, this paper proposes a novel control method:The Variable Structure Control of APF system based on inverse system.Considering the APF system is a multiple-input multiple-output and coupled nonlinear system, the original system model of APF is linearized and decoupled to be a pseudo-linear system by inverse-system method.Then it adopts Variable Structure Control (VSC)theory, and designs the variable structure control laws of this pseudo-linear system.
Under the conditions of power asymmetry, the supply voltage waveform distortion and load sudden change, the ip-iq and VCS system of APF and the self-adapting and VCS system of APF are established with Matlab/simulink and simulinked in eight operating modes. The simulation shows that the compensation current of the self-adapting and VCS system follows the harmonics reference signal fast and precisely, the DC voltage also reaches the fixed value quickly, and the performances of APF to compensate harmonics is excellent. So the control method of APF system presented in this paper is proved feasible and effective.
论文介绍了国内外APF的研究现状和发展趋势,其工作原理和各种拓扑结构。APF补偿效果的关键在于谐波电流的检测方法和电流跟踪控制的方法。本文在介绍常用检测方法的基础上,结合三相三线并联型APF的特点,重点研究了基于瞬时无功功率理论的ip-iq检测法与基于自适应干扰对消原理的自适应闭环检测法。
三角波比较控制和滞环跟踪控制是目前实现APF电流跟踪控制的常用方式。鉴于二者各自的缺点,本文提出了基于逆系统的APF变结构控制方法。实际系统是一个多输入多输出、耦合的非线性系统,利用逆系统方法将原系统线性化解耦,构造出伪线性系统。变结构控制具有良好的鲁棒性和快速跟踪的动态品质,利用其趋近律设计方法设计了伪线性系统的控制律。
最后,采用Matlab/simulink软件平台进行建模仿真实验,针对电网不对称、电源电压波形畸变和负载突变三种情况,分八种工况分别基于ip-iq检测/变结构控制的APF系统与基于自适应闭环检测/变结构控制的APF系统进行仿真研究。研究结果表明：基于自适应闭环检测/变结构控制的APF系统实际检测出的补偿电流可快速准确地跟踪指令电流信号,进行谐波补偿,且直流侧电压也可快速达到稳定值,补偿性能良好,系统的研究设计可行有效。
With the rapid development of power electronics technology, more and more nonlinear loads and a variety of converter devices have been widely used in power systems, the increasingly severe harmonic pollution has a serious influence on the power quality. As the most effective power electronic devices of harmonic suppression, compared with the traditional passive filter, active power filter (APF) has an excellent compensation effect and dynamic tracking compensation, which has been rapidly developing.
Based on the latest references and technology of APF at home and abroad, the paper explains working principles and topology structures of APF. The APF compensation performance depends on harmonic current detection method and current track-control methods.Based on the description of the detecting method widely used and the characteristics of three-phase three-line shunt APF, this paper chooses the ip-iq detecting method based on the instantaneous reactive power theory and the adaptive closed-loop detecting method based on the adaptive interference cancellation principle.
Currently, the triangular wave comparison control and the tracking control of hysteresis are the main methods of current tracking control. Given the shortcomings of the two methods, this paper proposes a novel control method:The Variable Structure Control of APF system based on inverse system.Considering the APF system is a multiple-input multiple-output and coupled nonlinear system, the original system model of APF is linearized and decoupled to be a pseudo-linear system by inverse-system method.Then it adopts Variable Structure Control (VSC)theory, and designs the variable structure control laws of this pseudo-linear system.
Under the conditions of power asymmetry, the supply voltage waveform distortion and load sudden change, the ip-iq and VCS system of APF and the self-adapting and VCS system of APF are established with Matlab/simulink and simulinked in eight operating modes. The simulation shows that the compensation current of the self-adapting and VCS system follows the harmonics reference signal fast and precisely, the DC voltage also reaches the fixed value quickly, and the performances of APF to compensate harmonics is excellent. So the control method of APF system presented in this paper is proved feasible and effective.
引文
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[4]IEEE Std 519～1992, IEEE recommended practices and requirements for harmonic control in electrical power systems,1993
[5]水利水电部.SD126～84.电力系统谐波管理暂行规定.北京：水利电力出版社,1984
[6]中国国家标准.GB/T14549—93.电能质量公用电网谐波.北京：中国标准出版社,1994
[7]中国国家标准.GB17625.1～1998.低压电气及电子设备发出的谐波电流限制.北京：中国标准出版社,1999
[8]中国国家标准.GB/Z 17625.4～2000.电磁兼容限制中、高压电力系统中畸变负荷发射限制的评估.北京：中国标准出版社,2000
[9]张直平,李芬辰.城市电网谐波手册.北京：中国电力出版社,2001
[10]王莉娜.厂矿企业配电网谐波治理控制策略和工程应用研究：[博士学位论文].长沙：中南大学,2003
[11]李圣清.有源电力滤波器滤波技术及其补偿特性的研究：[博士学位论文].长沙：中南大学,2005
[12]王兆安,杨君,刘进军.谐波抑制和无功功率补偿.北京：机械工业出版社,1998
[13]Bose B K. Power electronics—a technology review. Proceedings of IEEE,1992, 80(8):1303～1334
[14]Harashima F. Power electronics and motion control—a future perspective. Proceedings of IEEE,1994,82(8):1107～1111
[15]Akagi H. New trends in active filters. In:Proceedings of EPE'95, Sevilla, 1995:17～26
[16]叶黎明,肖健华.电力系统无功补偿及谐波抑制智能系统.东北电力技术,2002,(6)：29～31
[17]刘风君. Delta逆变技术及其在交流电源中的应用.北京：机械工业出版社, 2003
[18]凌青.三相并联有源电力滤波器控制方法的研究：[硕士学位论文].成都：西南交通大学,2005
[19]Bird B M, Marsh J F, mclellan P R. Hamonic reduction in multiple converters by triple-frequency current injection. ProcIEE,1969,116(10):1109～1114
[20]谢磊,林荣文.有源滤波器补偿方式的比较与分析.电工技术,2004,12：55～59
[21]王伟,周林,徐明.有源电力滤波器控制方法综述.继电器,2006,34(20)：81～86
[22]姜齐荣,赵东元,陈建业.有源电力滤波器——结构、原理、控制.北京：科学出版社,2005.1～110
[23]Sasaki H, Maehida T. A new method to eliminate ac harmonic currents by magnetic flux compensation considerations on basic design. IEEE Trans on Power APP & Syst,1971,90(5):2009～2019
[24]Gyugyi L, Strycula EC. Active AC Power Filters. In:Proceedings of IEEE/IAS Annual Meeting,1976:529～535
[25]Akagi H, Kanazawa Y, Nabae A. Generalized throy of the instantaneous reactive power in three-phase circuits. In:IEEE&JIEE. Proceeding IPEC. Tokyo:IEEE, 1983,1375～1386
[26]Hideaki Fuj ita, Hirofumi Akagi. The unified power quality conditioner:the integration of series-and shunt—active filters. IEEE Trans on Power Electronics,1 998,13(2):315-322
[27]Akagi H. New Trends in Active Filter for Power Conditioning. IEEE Trans on Industry Applications.1996,32(6):1312～1322
[28]颜晓庆,王兆安.电力有源滤波器及其新发展.电工技术,1998,7：3～5
[29]罗安,付青,王丽娜等.变电站谐波抑制与无功补偿的大功率混合型电力滤波器.中国电机工程学报,2004,24(9)：116～123
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