TiO_2纳米薄膜电极对染料溶液的降解行为
|
摘要
TiO_2光催化纳米半导体是近几十年开发出来的新型功能材料之一,以其廉价、无毒、光化学性能活泼、抗光腐蚀性能强等优势,成为理想光催化剂的首选材料。TiO_2光催化纳米薄膜具备比表面大、光催化活性与粉末相当、应用便捷、易于回收等特点,而且二氧化钛具有很好的光敏性,尤其是紫外光,因此被广泛地应用到环境治理方面,特别在污水处理、空气净化、室内杀菌、除臭等多个领域。但目前TiO_2光催化技术存在光量子产率低(≤5%)、光能利用率小、光生电子和空穴易于复合、薄膜与基体结合不稳定等问题,制约了它在环境治理方面的应用。
本论文系统的研究了电化学阳极氧化法在TiO_2纳米薄膜制备中的应用,成功地在Ti基体上得到TiO_2光催化纳米薄膜,研究了各项工艺参数,包括:电解质溶液组成、氧化电压、氧化温度、氧化时间等对二氧化钛薄膜的结构、形貌及其光催化活性等的影响,以及薄膜结构与性能的内在关系。结果表明阳极氧化工艺对制备条件要求宽松,电解质溶液的可选种类多、可用浓度范围较大,氧化电压、温度、时间都可适当变化,有一个相当宽的选择范围。其中,以1.0 mol/L H_2SO_4为电解质溶液、氧化电压为130V、氧化温度为室温28℃、氧化时间5min的制备条件下得到的TiO_2薄膜光催化活性最高。其晶体结构是纳米晶锐钛矿掺杂少量金红石,显示出相当高的光催化活性。
本文研究了电化学阳极氧化法在TiO_2薄膜中掺杂过渡族金属离子对薄膜光催化活性的影响。作者还首次将外加偏压增强电极极化的方法引入TiO_2光催化体系。外加偏压可以推动半导体产生的电子空穴反向运动,加快电子与空穴的分离,抑制二者复合,进而提高薄膜的有效量子产率。检测结果表明:加偏压后的TiO_2薄膜光电流最大可比原来增大三个数量级。但薄膜的光催化性并不是随偏压的增长而不断提高,偏压过高可能导致薄膜被击穿而无法使用。光电流随着阳极偏压的增大而增大,当偏压增大到3.5V时,光电流的增大速率减小,在这个偏压下光电流从μA量级提高到mA量级。光电流随外加阳极偏压的变化趋势符合抛物线规律变化。
电化学阳极氧化技术中,一种被称为三步电化学法的技术被应用于过渡金属元素掺杂到TiO_2薄膜中,过渡族金属元素一般是指原子的电子层结构中d轨道仅部分填充的元素,如Pt,Ir,Ag,Fe,Mn,Cr,Co,Ni等。实验结果显示,掺杂了过渡金属的二氧化钛光催化特性很大程度上取决于作为掺杂剂的过渡金属的属性。
本研究显示常用的含氮合成纺织品染料如:酸性红G和酸性橙7能够有效的被采用阳极氧化法制备的掺杂过渡金属的二氧化钛电极所褪色。通过过渡金属的掺杂可以显著提高二氧化钛降解有机废水率,但是掺杂过渡金属镍对二氧化钛的降解效率有影响。
同时,本文研究了过渡族金属的浓度对酸性红G降解的影响,结果显示光催化活性随着过渡金属掺杂浓度的增加而增加,最佳浓度是1.0 at%,当浓度＞1.0 at%时,光催化活性随着过渡金属掺杂浓度的增加而降低。
吸收光谱显示由于Pt的沉积,显著增强了Pt-TiO_2薄膜电极对可见光的吸收,这个结果大大提高了二氧化钛的光响应范围。
酸性红G或酸性橙7(阴离子染料)的光降解在酸性溶液(pH2.1)中变快,而在碱性溶液(pH12.2)中变慢。在酸性红G或酸性橙7溶液中,二氧化钛催化剂表面带正电而且酸性红G分子与催化剂表面结合,从而提升了降解率。
在前期工作的基础上,作者设计了TiO_2光催化纳米薄膜实验室污水净化反应器,可旋转的并施加了偏压的TiO_2薄膜作为工作电极。检测结果表明:反应器具备普遍适用性,对常见的有机溶剂如酸性红G、酸性橙7等都具有良好的降解效果。实验结果显示,600ml浓度为7.5ppm的酸性红G溶液与酸性橙7溶液在反应器中处理三小时后,其光催化降解率达到95%以上,化学需氧量去除率大约86.3%。化学需氧量去除随着反应时间的增加而降低,化学需氧量去除率比褪色率低得多。这可能是由于在酸性红G降解过程中,越来越少的未着色物质产生,这促进了溶液的化学需氧量。为了使更小的有机化合物降解,则需要更长的紫外线照射时间。
通过使用电化学阳极氧化方法制备的铁掺杂多孔二氧化钛,来研究无机氧化物例如IO_4~-和H_2O_2的添加对酸性橙7溶液光降解的影响,研究表明IO_4~-在紫外光照射前加入溶液中,可以显著促进酸性橙7的降解。而且,如果将丙醇加入到酸性橙7的溶液中,它的光降解并没有显著变化,这表明酸性橙7的光降解是由于孔的作用而不是OH°的作用。二氧化钛的光催化活性在掺杂铁的样品中发生了很大的变化。光催化活性达到最大值的时候,铁掺杂的浓度为1.0 at%。
当把丙醇加到酸性橙7溶液中时,光电流会增大。光电流的增加是由于丙醇在二氧化钛电极表面通过孔洞发生感光氧化作用。丙醇在光催化体系中的添加对于酸性橙7的降解率没有明显的影响,而在KIO_4/紫外光体系中丙醇的添加对酸性橙7的降解率有显著的影响。这表明酸性橙7的光催化降解在pH=2.4酸性溶液中是通过光生电子对有机物直接进行氧化的,然而在KIO_4溶液中,OH°可能是引起酸性橙7发生光降解的一种主要氧化物。
催化剂的有效期是光催化过程中的一个重要参数,因为它的使用期越长,反应的成本就会明显降低。结果表明过渡金属掺杂二氧化钛电极是一种具有很好的光催化特性的催化剂,从经济学的角度上来讲,更加适用于废水处理。
含氮染料的处理需达到一定的条件,对于第一阶不均匀反应动力学模式,Langmuir-Hinshelwood速率公式用于研究酸性红G通过紫外/二氧化钛电极体系降解的动力学。吸附平衡常数、速度常数和初始降解率由不同的电极所决定。
The most recent researches in water purification concern the oxidation of organic substrates dissolved in water. As one of the new functional materials, titanium dioxide nano-semiconductor has been proven to be the most suitable for widespread environmental applications. Titanium dioxide is biologically and chemically inert; it is stable to photo and chemical corrosion, inexpensive and non-toxic. Furthermore, TiO_2 is photoactive, sensitive to UV or near visible light.
The photocatalytic activity of TiO_2 has been widely studied and applied in wastewater treatment, air purification, deodorization and room sterilization. However the use of TiO_2 is limited due to the low quantum efficiency (< 5%) because of the recombination of the generated electrons and holes, which become the main barrier in the development of the photocatalytic technology.
The electrochemical anodic oxidation method was used into preparation of TiO_2 photocatalytic nanoporous film in our laboratory by our team in recent years. In this paper, the experimental preparation parameters including the nature of electrolyte, the oxidation voltage, the oxidation temperature and the oxidation time were carefully controlled. Their influence on the structure, morphology and photocatalytic activity of the TiO_2 film was systematically evaluated. The internal relationship between the structure and property of the TiO_2 film was analyzed. The result showed that there is a relatively wide range in the selection of the preparation condition.
The experimental results revealed that the optimum preparing conditions are that the concentration of electrolyte solution is 1.0 mol/l H_2SO_4, the oxidation voltage is 130V, the oxidation temperature is at room temperature, and the oxidation time is at about 5min. The film prepared under such condition has multi-porous morphology and it is constituted of a mixture anatase and trace rutile. It showed a high photocatalytic activity. The effects of doping metal ions into TiO_2 film by anodic oxidation method on photocatalysis are also studied.
In this work, the bias was firstly applied to improve the performance of TiO_2 photocatalysis. The bias can accelerate the move of the photogenerated electron and hole. Their recombination is restrained and then the quantum yield of the semiconductor is increased. The result indicated that by varying the potential bias, the photocurrent density increased from micro-scale (μA) to milli-scale (mA) and when the applied anodic bias reached the value of 3.5V, the rate of increasing of the photocurrent density began to decrease. The change of photocurrent density with the applied bias follows the parabolic laws.
A three steps electrochemical method called in the present work re-anodization technique was designed to incorporate transition metals with unfilled d-levels (Pt, Ir, and Ag) and (Fe, Mn, Cr, Co and Ni) into TiO_2 film. The experimental results showed that the photocatalytic properties of transition metal doped-TiO_2 greatly depend on the nature of the transition metal used as dopant.
This work demonstrates that a common textile synthetic azo-dye, acid red G and acid orange 7 could be decolorized efficiently using transition metals doped- multi-porous TiO_2 electrodes produced by a re-anodization method. The rate of degradation was remarkably enhanced by the incorporation of transition metals into titanium dioxide but the doping with nickel was detrimental.
The effect of transition metals concentration on the degradation of acid red G was also investigated and the results showed that the photocatalytic efficiency increases with the increase in the metal dopant concentration up to an optimum level (about 1.0 at %). Above the optimum metal doping concentration (about 1.0 at %), the photocatalytic activity of metal-doped TiO_2 was lower.
The experimental absorption spectra demonstrated that the Pt-TiO_2 film electrodes have a significant increase of absorbance in visible light due to Pt deposition, which indicates a new possibility for improving TiO_2 photoresponse.
The photodegradation of acid red G or acid orange7 (anionic dyes) was faster in acidic condition (pH 2.1) while in alkaline solution the degradation was lower (pH 12.2). At pH 7.1 an intermediate degradation was observed. At acidic pH, the TiO_2 catalyst surface is positively charged and acid red G molecules are bound on the catalyst surface enhancing then the photodegradation rate.
Basing on the pervious work, a waste-water decontamination reactor is designed. It is composed of TiO_2 as working electrode, graphite as counter electrode, external power source to generate the applied bias, ammeter to monitor the direct current, transparent container and ultraviolet light. The experimental results showed that, after 3.0 h of illumination of acid red G 7.5 ppm (pH 2.1, using Pt-TiO_2 electrode), the decolorization was about 95% and the COD removal was about 86.3 %. The reduction of COD removal increased with increasing reaction time. The rate of COD removal was much lower than that of decolorization. This is due probably to the formation of smaller uncolored products during the degradation of acid red G, which continue to contribute to the COD of the solution. To achieve complete degradation of smaller organic compounds, longer irradiation time is required.
The effect of the addition of the inorganic oxidants such as IO_4~- and H_2O_2 on the photodegradation of acid orange 7 by using Fe-doped TiO_2 multi-nanoporous prepared by the re-anodization method was also investigated. This work demonstrated that the addition of IO4" prior to UV irradiation significantly increases the degradation of acid orange 7. Moreover, the addition of propanol, CH_3-CHOH-CH_3 to remove OH°in acid orange 7 solution demonstrated that the photodegradation of AO7 was not significantly affected by the addition of propanol. This observation showed that the photodegradation of AO7 is due to the holes reaction and not due to OH°reaction. The photocatalytic activity of the TiO_2 was greatly modified in samples doped with Fe. The maximum increase of photocatalytic activity was found at an optimum concentration of approximately 1.0 at % for Fe.
The photocurrent increased when 2-propanol was added to AO7 solution. The increase of the photocurrent is due to the photo-oxidation of 2-propanol on the surface of TiO_2 electrode by holes. The degradation rate of AO7 was not significantly affected by the addition of an excess of 2-propanol in the photocatalysis system while the rate was strongly affected in the system KIO_4/ UV. This indicates that the photocatalytic degradation of AO7 in acidic solution (pH= 2.4) proceeds via a direct oxidation of the organics by the photogenerated valence band holes while the OH°radical could be one of the major oxygenating species responsible for the photodegradation of AO7 in the photolysis of KIO_4.
The catalyst's lifetime is an important parameter of the photocatalytic process, due to the fact that its use for a longer period of time leads to a significant cost reduction of the treatment. The results demonstrated that the transition metals-TiO_2 electrode represent a catalyst with good photocatalytic properties, probably suitable to use in a real wastewater applications for an economic point of view.
The elimination of these azo dyes fulfils the conditions established for a first-order heterogeneous reaction kinetic model. Langmuir- Hinshelwood rate expression was employed to study the kinetic of the degradation of acid red G by UV / TiO_2 electrodes system. The adsorption equilibrium constant, the rate constant, and the initial degradation rates were determined for different electrodes.
本论文系统的研究了电化学阳极氧化法在TiO_2纳米薄膜制备中的应用,成功地在Ti基体上得到TiO_2光催化纳米薄膜,研究了各项工艺参数,包括:电解质溶液组成、氧化电压、氧化温度、氧化时间等对二氧化钛薄膜的结构、形貌及其光催化活性等的影响,以及薄膜结构与性能的内在关系。结果表明阳极氧化工艺对制备条件要求宽松,电解质溶液的可选种类多、可用浓度范围较大,氧化电压、温度、时间都可适当变化,有一个相当宽的选择范围。其中,以1.0 mol/L H_2SO_4为电解质溶液、氧化电压为130V、氧化温度为室温28℃、氧化时间5min的制备条件下得到的TiO_2薄膜光催化活性最高。其晶体结构是纳米晶锐钛矿掺杂少量金红石,显示出相当高的光催化活性。
本文研究了电化学阳极氧化法在TiO_2薄膜中掺杂过渡族金属离子对薄膜光催化活性的影响。作者还首次将外加偏压增强电极极化的方法引入TiO_2光催化体系。外加偏压可以推动半导体产生的电子空穴反向运动,加快电子与空穴的分离,抑制二者复合,进而提高薄膜的有效量子产率。检测结果表明:加偏压后的TiO_2薄膜光电流最大可比原来增大三个数量级。但薄膜的光催化性并不是随偏压的增长而不断提高,偏压过高可能导致薄膜被击穿而无法使用。光电流随着阳极偏压的增大而增大,当偏压增大到3.5V时,光电流的增大速率减小,在这个偏压下光电流从μA量级提高到mA量级。光电流随外加阳极偏压的变化趋势符合抛物线规律变化。
电化学阳极氧化技术中,一种被称为三步电化学法的技术被应用于过渡金属元素掺杂到TiO_2薄膜中,过渡族金属元素一般是指原子的电子层结构中d轨道仅部分填充的元素,如Pt,Ir,Ag,Fe,Mn,Cr,Co,Ni等。实验结果显示,掺杂了过渡金属的二氧化钛光催化特性很大程度上取决于作为掺杂剂的过渡金属的属性。
本研究显示常用的含氮合成纺织品染料如:酸性红G和酸性橙7能够有效的被采用阳极氧化法制备的掺杂过渡金属的二氧化钛电极所褪色。通过过渡金属的掺杂可以显著提高二氧化钛降解有机废水率,但是掺杂过渡金属镍对二氧化钛的降解效率有影响。
同时,本文研究了过渡族金属的浓度对酸性红G降解的影响,结果显示光催化活性随着过渡金属掺杂浓度的增加而增加,最佳浓度是1.0 at%,当浓度＞1.0 at%时,光催化活性随着过渡金属掺杂浓度的增加而降低。
吸收光谱显示由于Pt的沉积,显著增强了Pt-TiO_2薄膜电极对可见光的吸收,这个结果大大提高了二氧化钛的光响应范围。
酸性红G或酸性橙7(阴离子染料)的光降解在酸性溶液(pH2.1)中变快,而在碱性溶液(pH12.2)中变慢。在酸性红G或酸性橙7溶液中,二氧化钛催化剂表面带正电而且酸性红G分子与催化剂表面结合,从而提升了降解率。
在前期工作的基础上,作者设计了TiO_2光催化纳米薄膜实验室污水净化反应器,可旋转的并施加了偏压的TiO_2薄膜作为工作电极。检测结果表明:反应器具备普遍适用性,对常见的有机溶剂如酸性红G、酸性橙7等都具有良好的降解效果。实验结果显示,600ml浓度为7.5ppm的酸性红G溶液与酸性橙7溶液在反应器中处理三小时后,其光催化降解率达到95%以上,化学需氧量去除率大约86.3%。化学需氧量去除随着反应时间的增加而降低,化学需氧量去除率比褪色率低得多。这可能是由于在酸性红G降解过程中,越来越少的未着色物质产生,这促进了溶液的化学需氧量。为了使更小的有机化合物降解,则需要更长的紫外线照射时间。
通过使用电化学阳极氧化方法制备的铁掺杂多孔二氧化钛,来研究无机氧化物例如IO_4~-和H_2O_2的添加对酸性橙7溶液光降解的影响,研究表明IO_4~-在紫外光照射前加入溶液中,可以显著促进酸性橙7的降解。而且,如果将丙醇加入到酸性橙7的溶液中,它的光降解并没有显著变化,这表明酸性橙7的光降解是由于孔的作用而不是OH°的作用。二氧化钛的光催化活性在掺杂铁的样品中发生了很大的变化。光催化活性达到最大值的时候,铁掺杂的浓度为1.0 at%。
当把丙醇加到酸性橙7溶液中时,光电流会增大。光电流的增加是由于丙醇在二氧化钛电极表面通过孔洞发生感光氧化作用。丙醇在光催化体系中的添加对于酸性橙7的降解率没有明显的影响,而在KIO_4/紫外光体系中丙醇的添加对酸性橙7的降解率有显著的影响。这表明酸性橙7的光催化降解在pH=2.4酸性溶液中是通过光生电子对有机物直接进行氧化的,然而在KIO_4溶液中,OH°可能是引起酸性橙7发生光降解的一种主要氧化物。
催化剂的有效期是光催化过程中的一个重要参数,因为它的使用期越长,反应的成本就会明显降低。结果表明过渡金属掺杂二氧化钛电极是一种具有很好的光催化特性的催化剂,从经济学的角度上来讲,更加适用于废水处理。
含氮染料的处理需达到一定的条件,对于第一阶不均匀反应动力学模式,Langmuir-Hinshelwood速率公式用于研究酸性红G通过紫外/二氧化钛电极体系降解的动力学。吸附平衡常数、速度常数和初始降解率由不同的电极所决定。
The most recent researches in water purification concern the oxidation of organic substrates dissolved in water. As one of the new functional materials, titanium dioxide nano-semiconductor has been proven to be the most suitable for widespread environmental applications. Titanium dioxide is biologically and chemically inert; it is stable to photo and chemical corrosion, inexpensive and non-toxic. Furthermore, TiO_2 is photoactive, sensitive to UV or near visible light.
The photocatalytic activity of TiO_2 has been widely studied and applied in wastewater treatment, air purification, deodorization and room sterilization. However the use of TiO_2 is limited due to the low quantum efficiency (< 5%) because of the recombination of the generated electrons and holes, which become the main barrier in the development of the photocatalytic technology.
The electrochemical anodic oxidation method was used into preparation of TiO_2 photocatalytic nanoporous film in our laboratory by our team in recent years. In this paper, the experimental preparation parameters including the nature of electrolyte, the oxidation voltage, the oxidation temperature and the oxidation time were carefully controlled. Their influence on the structure, morphology and photocatalytic activity of the TiO_2 film was systematically evaluated. The internal relationship between the structure and property of the TiO_2 film was analyzed. The result showed that there is a relatively wide range in the selection of the preparation condition.
The experimental results revealed that the optimum preparing conditions are that the concentration of electrolyte solution is 1.0 mol/l H_2SO_4, the oxidation voltage is 130V, the oxidation temperature is at room temperature, and the oxidation time is at about 5min. The film prepared under such condition has multi-porous morphology and it is constituted of a mixture anatase and trace rutile. It showed a high photocatalytic activity. The effects of doping metal ions into TiO_2 film by anodic oxidation method on photocatalysis are also studied.
In this work, the bias was firstly applied to improve the performance of TiO_2 photocatalysis. The bias can accelerate the move of the photogenerated electron and hole. Their recombination is restrained and then the quantum yield of the semiconductor is increased. The result indicated that by varying the potential bias, the photocurrent density increased from micro-scale (μA) to milli-scale (mA) and when the applied anodic bias reached the value of 3.5V, the rate of increasing of the photocurrent density began to decrease. The change of photocurrent density with the applied bias follows the parabolic laws.
A three steps electrochemical method called in the present work re-anodization technique was designed to incorporate transition metals with unfilled d-levels (Pt, Ir, and Ag) and (Fe, Mn, Cr, Co and Ni) into TiO_2 film. The experimental results showed that the photocatalytic properties of transition metal doped-TiO_2 greatly depend on the nature of the transition metal used as dopant.
This work demonstrates that a common textile synthetic azo-dye, acid red G and acid orange 7 could be decolorized efficiently using transition metals doped- multi-porous TiO_2 electrodes produced by a re-anodization method. The rate of degradation was remarkably enhanced by the incorporation of transition metals into titanium dioxide but the doping with nickel was detrimental.
The effect of transition metals concentration on the degradation of acid red G was also investigated and the results showed that the photocatalytic efficiency increases with the increase in the metal dopant concentration up to an optimum level (about 1.0 at %). Above the optimum metal doping concentration (about 1.0 at %), the photocatalytic activity of metal-doped TiO_2 was lower.
The experimental absorption spectra demonstrated that the Pt-TiO_2 film electrodes have a significant increase of absorbance in visible light due to Pt deposition, which indicates a new possibility for improving TiO_2 photoresponse.
The photodegradation of acid red G or acid orange7 (anionic dyes) was faster in acidic condition (pH 2.1) while in alkaline solution the degradation was lower (pH 12.2). At pH 7.1 an intermediate degradation was observed. At acidic pH, the TiO_2 catalyst surface is positively charged and acid red G molecules are bound on the catalyst surface enhancing then the photodegradation rate.
Basing on the pervious work, a waste-water decontamination reactor is designed. It is composed of TiO_2 as working electrode, graphite as counter electrode, external power source to generate the applied bias, ammeter to monitor the direct current, transparent container and ultraviolet light. The experimental results showed that, after 3.0 h of illumination of acid red G 7.5 ppm (pH 2.1, using Pt-TiO_2 electrode), the decolorization was about 95% and the COD removal was about 86.3 %. The reduction of COD removal increased with increasing reaction time. The rate of COD removal was much lower than that of decolorization. This is due probably to the formation of smaller uncolored products during the degradation of acid red G, which continue to contribute to the COD of the solution. To achieve complete degradation of smaller organic compounds, longer irradiation time is required.
The effect of the addition of the inorganic oxidants such as IO_4~- and H_2O_2 on the photodegradation of acid orange 7 by using Fe-doped TiO_2 multi-nanoporous prepared by the re-anodization method was also investigated. This work demonstrated that the addition of IO4" prior to UV irradiation significantly increases the degradation of acid orange 7. Moreover, the addition of propanol, CH_3-CHOH-CH_3 to remove OH°in acid orange 7 solution demonstrated that the photodegradation of AO7 was not significantly affected by the addition of propanol. This observation showed that the photodegradation of AO7 is due to the holes reaction and not due to OH°reaction. The photocatalytic activity of the TiO_2 was greatly modified in samples doped with Fe. The maximum increase of photocatalytic activity was found at an optimum concentration of approximately 1.0 at % for Fe.
The photocurrent increased when 2-propanol was added to AO7 solution. The increase of the photocurrent is due to the photo-oxidation of 2-propanol on the surface of TiO_2 electrode by holes. The degradation rate of AO7 was not significantly affected by the addition of an excess of 2-propanol in the photocatalysis system while the rate was strongly affected in the system KIO_4/ UV. This indicates that the photocatalytic degradation of AO7 in acidic solution (pH= 2.4) proceeds via a direct oxidation of the organics by the photogenerated valence band holes while the OH°radical could be one of the major oxygenating species responsible for the photodegradation of AO7 in the photolysis of KIO_4.
The catalyst's lifetime is an important parameter of the photocatalytic process, due to the fact that its use for a longer period of time leads to a significant cost reduction of the treatment. The results demonstrated that the transition metals-TiO_2 electrode represent a catalyst with good photocatalytic properties, probably suitable to use in a real wastewater applications for an economic point of view.
The elimination of these azo dyes fulfils the conditions established for a first-order heterogeneous reaction kinetic model. Langmuir- Hinshelwood rate expression was employed to study the kinetic of the degradation of acid red G by UV / TiO_2 electrodes system. The adsorption equilibrium constant, the rate constant, and the initial degradation rates were determined for different electrodes.
引文
[1]H.AI-Ekabi,David F.Ollis,"Photocatalytic purification and treatment of water and air",[M]Elsevier Publishing Company,Amsterdam,(1993).
[2]D.M.Blake,"Bibliography of work on the heterogeneous photocatalytic removal of hazardous compounds from water and air",in:National Technical Information Service,US Department of Commerce,[M]Springfield,VA,USA,Update no.4 to October(2001).
[3]D.M.Blake,"Bibliography of work on the photocatalytic removal of hazardous compounds from water and air",in:National Technical Information Service,US Department of Commerce,[M]Springfield,VA,USA,Update no.3 to January
[4]CM.Carliell,SJ.Barclay,N.Naidoo,CA.Buckley,DA.Mulholland,E.Senior,"Microbial decolourisation of a reactive azo dye under anaerobic conditions",[J]Water SA,21.(1995),pp.61-69.
[5]D.Mendez-Paz,F.Omil,J.M.Lema,"Anaerobic treatment of azo dye acid orange 7under bath conditions ",[J]Enzyme Microb.Teeh.,36,(2000),pp.264-272.
[6]G.L.Baughman,E.J.Weber,"Transformation of dyes and related compounds in anoxic sediment:kinetics and products",[J]Environ.Sci.Tech.,28,(1994),pp.267-276.
[7]MF.Coughlin,BK.Kinkle,PL.Bishop,"High performance degradation of azo dye acid orange 7 and sulfanilic acid in a laboratory scale reactor after seeding with cultured bacterial strains",[J]Water Res.,.37,(7,003),pp.2757-2763.
[8]M.M.Tauber,M.G.Guebitz,A.Rehorek,"Degradation of azo dyes by laccase and ultrasound treatment",[J]Appl.Environ.Mierobiol.,71,(2005),pp.2600-2607.
[9]S.Roddguez Couto,MA.Sanroman,G.M.Gubitz,"Influence of redox mediators and metal ions on synthetic acid dye decolourization by crude laccase from Trametes hirsuta",[J]Chemosphere,58,(2005),pp.417-422.
[10]F.Ahmad,J.B.Hughes,"Anaerobic transformation of TNT by clostridium",in:Chapter 8 of Metabolism of nitroaromatics and explosive compounds,J.Spain,H.Knackmuss,and J.B.Hughes(Eds),[M]CRC Press,Boca Raton,FL,(2000).
[11]M.T.Wong,W.T.Liu,"Microbial succession of glycogen accumulating organisms in an anaerobic-aerobic membrane bioreactor with no phosphorus removal",[J]Water Sci.Technol.,54(2006),pp.29-37.
[12]A.Heinfling,M.Bergbauer,U.Szewzyk,"Biodegradation of azo and phthalocyanine dyes by trametes versicolor and bjerkandera adusta",[J]Appl.Mierobiol.Bioteehnol,48(1997),pp.261-266.
[13]A.Zille,B.Gomacka,A.Rehorek,A.Cavaco-Paulo,"Degradation of azo dyes by trametes villosa laccase over long periods of oxidative conditions",[J]Appl.Environ.Mierobiol,71,(2005),pp.6711-6718.
[14]M.S.Christian,R.G.York,A.M.Hoberman,R.M.Diener,L.C.Fisher,,G.A.Gates,"Biodisposition of dibromoacetic acid(DBA) and bromodichloromethane (BDCM) administered to rats and rabbits in drinking water during range-finding reproduction and developmental toxicity studies ".[J]Int,J.Toxicol.,20,(2001),pp.239-253.
[15]M.D.Ioannis,G.Sotirios,"Municipal-wastewater treatment using up flow-anaerobic filters ",[J]Water Environ.Res,78,(2006),pp.233-242.
[16]C.B.Ersu,W.Braida,K.P.Chao,S.K.Ong,"Ultrafiltration of ink and latex wastewater using cellulose membranes",[J]Desalination,164,(2004),pp.63-70.
[17]G.Tiravanti,D.Petruzzelli,R.Passino,"Pretreatment of tannery wastewaters by an ion exchange process for Cr(Ⅲ) removal and recovery",[J]Water Sci.Teehnol.36,(1997),pp.197-207.
[15]U.Yetis,S.Ataberk,C.F.Gokcay,S.M.Sahin,"Characterization of effluents from chlorine dioxide substitution bleaching and oxygen-reinforced extraction",[J]Water Sci.Technol.36,(1997),pp.353-360.
[19]K.O.Thomsen,K.D.Chaudhry,R.R.Riesing,"Ground water remediation using an extraction treatment and recharge system",[J]Ground Water Monit.Rev.Winter,(1989),pp.92-99.
[20]J.A.Farley,"Technical feasibility and conceptual design.for using supercritical fluid to extract pesticides from aged soil",[J]Remediation,4,(1994),pp.301-312.
[21]N.Rao,H.E.Grethlein,C.A Reddy,"Mineralization of atrazine during composting with untreated and pretreated lignocellulosic substrates ",[J]Compost.Sci.Util.,3,(1995),pp.38-46.
[22]S.W.Rogers,S.K Ong,K.P.Chao.,"Modeling the removal of benzene NAPL under air-sparged conditions",[J]J.Environ.Eng-ASCE,.130,(2004),pp.751-758.
[23]K.M Lee,P.E Lira,"Bioregeneration of powdered activated carbon in the treatment of alkyl-substituted phenolic compounds in simultaneous adsorption and biodegradation processes",[J]Chemosphere,58,(2005),pp.407-416.
[24]M,Bjelopavlic,G.Newcombe,R.Hayes,"Adsorption of NOM onto activated carbon:Effect of surface charge,ionic strength and pore volume distribution",[J]J.Colloid Interf.Sci.,210,(1998),pp.271-280.
[25]Y.Hwang,T.Matsuo,K.Hanaki,N.Suzuki,"Removal of odorous compounds in wastewater by using activated carbon,ozonation,and aerated biofilter",[J]Water Res,28,(1994),pp.2309-2319.
[26]K.Ohkawa,T.Y.Tsai,Y.Nakano,W.Nishijima,M.Okada,"Effects of metal ions on decomposition of chlorinated organic substances by ozonation in acetic acid",[J]Chemosphere,58,(2005),pp.523-527.
[27]J.Rivera-Utrilla,J.Mendez-Diaz,M.Sanchez-Polo,M.A.Ferro-G-arcia,Ⅰ.Bautista-Toledo,"Removal of the surfactant sodium dodecylbenzenesulphonate from water by simultaneous use of ozone and powdered activated carbon:comparison with systems based on O_3 and O_3/H_2O_2",[J]Water Res.,40,(2006),pp.1717-1725.
[28]N Serpone,"Brief Introductory Remarks on Heterogeneous Photocatalysis",[J]Sol.Energ.Mat.Sol.Cell,,38,(1995),pp.369-371.
[29]S.KV.Rao,M.Subrahmanyam,P.Boule,"Photocatalytic transformation of dyes and by-products in the presence of hydrogen peroxide ",[J]Environ.Technoi.,24,(2003),pp.1025-1030.
[30]L.L.Bissey,J.L.Smith,R.J.Watts,"Soil organic matter-hydrogen peroxide dynamics in the treatment of contaminated soils and groundwater using catalyzed H_2O_2 propagations(modified Fenton's reagent)",[J]Water Res.,40,(2006),pp.2477-2484.
[31]J.Wang,T.Ma,Z.Zhang,Z.Xiangdong,Y.Jiang,Z.Pan,F.Wen,P.Kang,P.Zhang,"Investigation on the sonocatalytic degradation of methyl orange in the presence of nanometer anatase and futile TiO_2 powders and comparison of their sonocatalytic activities",[J]Desalination,195,(2006),pp.294-305.
[32]M.M.Tauber,G.M.Guebitz,A.Rehorek,"Degradation of azo Dyes by laccase and ultrasound treatment",[J]Appl.Environ.Microbiol.,71,(2005),pp.2600-2607.
[33]J.M.Joseph,H.Destaillats,H.-M.Hung,M.R.Hoffmann.,"The sonochemical degradation of azobenzene and related azo dyes:rate enhancements via Fenton's reactions",[J]J.Phys.Chem.A,104,(2000),pp.301-307.
[34]J.P.Gareth,A.Muthupandian,H.Mark,Z.Bajram,F.Grieser,"Acoustic emission from cavitation solutions:implications for the mechanism of sonochemical reactions",[J]J.Phys.Chem.B.,109,(2005),pp.17799-17801.
[35]N.Stock,j.Peller,K.Vinodgopal,P.V.Kamat,"Combinative sonolysis and photocatalysis for textile dye degradation",[J]Environ.Sci.Technol.,34,(2000),pp.1747-1750.
[36]Pellet,O.Wiest,P.V.Kamat,"Sonolysis of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in aqueous solutions:Evidence for OH radical mediated degradation",[J]J.Phys.Chem.,105,(2001),pp.3176-3181.
[37]S.J.Zhang,H.Q Yu,Q.R.Li,"Radiolytic degradation of acid orange 7:a mechanistic study",[J]Chemosphere,61(2005),pp.1003-1011.
[38]J.Pellet,P.V.Kamat,"Radiolytic Transformations of Chlorinated Phenols and Chlorinated Phenoxyacetic Acids",[J]J.Phys.Chem.A,109,(2005),pp.9525-9535.
[39]A.F.Olunkule,Z.Ruimin,Z.Jian-hua,G.B.Ekoko,"Effet of electron beam irradiation on the degradation of monochlorophenols in aqueous solution",[J]J.Environ.Sci.,17(2005),pp.301-304.
[40]J.R.Bolton,S.R.Cater,"Homogeneous photodegradation of pollutants in contaminated water:an introduction.,in:Aquatic and Surface Photocemistry,G.R.Helz,R.G.Zepp,D.G.Grosby(eds.),[M]Lewis Publishers:Boca Raton ,(1994),pp.476-490.
[41]F.J.Beltran,J.M.Eacinar,J.Gonzalez,"Industrial wastewater advanced oxidation,ozone combined with hydrogen peroxide or UV radiation",[J]Water Res.,31,(1997),pp.2415-2448.
[42]P.Robertson,"Semiconductor photocatalysis:an environmentally acceptable alternative production technique and effluent treatment process",[J]J.Cleaner Prod.4(3-4),(1996),pp.203-212.
[43]A.Watanabe,H.Kozuka,"Photoanodic properties of sol-gel-derived Fe_2O_2 thin films containing dispersed Au and Ag particles",[J]J.Phys.Chem.B,107,(2003),pp.12713-12720.
[44]G.B.Ekoko.,Z.Ruimin,X.Lihui,K.K.Lobo,L.Ilinga,"Effetcs of pH on the morphology of iron oxides synthesized under gamma irradiation ",[J]J.Radioaanal.Nucl.Chem.,270(2),(2006),p.473-478.
[45]W.L.Kostedt,J.Drwiega,DW.Mazyck,SW.Lee,W.Sigmund,C.Y.Wu,P.Chadik,"Magnetically agitated photocatalytic reactor for photocatalytic oxidation of aqueous phase organic pollutants",[J]Environ.Sci.Technol,39,(2005),pp.8052-8056.
[46]S.W.Lee,J.Drwiega,C.Y.Wu,D.Mazyck,W.Sigmund,"Anatase TiO_2nanoparttcle coating on barium ferrite using titanium his-ammonium lactato dihydroxide and its use as a magnetic photocatalyst"[J]Chem.Mater.,16,(2004),pp.1160-1164.
[47]G.B.Ekoko.,Z.Ruimin,J.Li,X.Lihui,K.Tondozi,"Synthesis of nanocomposite(Cd_x,Zn_(1-x)) S by gamma irradiation",[J]J.Radioaanal.Nud.Chem.,262(3),(2004),pp.751-754.
[48]A.Kumar,A.K.Jain,"Photophysics and photochemistry of colloidal CdS-TiO_2coupled semiconductors-photocatalytic oxidation of indole",[J]J.Mol.Catal.A:Chem.,165,(2001),pp.265-73.
[49]H.Al-Ekabi,P.De Mayo,"Surface photochemistry:Photocatalyzed olefin cis-trans equilibrium mediatedby CdS",[J]JCS Chem.Comm.,(1984),p.1231.
[50]G.B.Ekoko.,Z.Ruimin,X.Lihui,O.F.Olukunle,K.K.Lobo "Synthesis of nanocrystalline zinc sulfide in a non-aqeous system by gamma irradiation",[J]J.Radioaanal.Nucl.Chem.,265(1),(2005),pp.3-6.
[51]F.Karaean,E.Simsek,T.Togrul,"Photocatalytic dissolution of two Turkish lignites in tetralin:effects of UV irradiation,TiO_2 and ZnO as photocatalyst",[J]Energ.Sources,27(16),(2005),pp.1523-1533.
[52]H.Kim,W.Sigrnund,"ZnO nanocrystals synthesized by physical vapor deposition",[J]J.Nanosci.Nanotechnol.,4(3),(2004),pp.275-278.
[53]A.Kaddouri,F.Martini,G.Modica,S.Marengo,C.Mazzochia,"Production of H_2from bioethanol over ZnO catalysts",[J]Chem.Eng.Transactions,4,(2004),pp.253-256.
[54]C.Richard,P.Boule,"Reactive species involved in photocatalytic transformations on zinc oxide",[J]Sol.Energ.Mat.Sol.Cell.,38(1995),pp.431-440.
[55]D.Bianehi,A.Ristori,E.Jean,R.Vonard,"Catalytic oxidation of a diesel soot formed in the presence of a cerium additive.Part Ⅲ.Microkinetic assisted method for the improvement of the ignition temperature",[J]Energ.Fuel,19(2005),pp.1453-1458.
[56]L.Urfels,P.Gelin,M.Primet,E.Tena,"Complete oxidation of methane at low temperature over Pt catalysts supported on high surface area SnO_2",[J]Top.Catal.30/31,(2004),pp.427-432.
[57]V.Perriehon,L.Retailleau,P.Bazin,M.Daturi,J.C.Lavalley,"Metal dispersion of CeO_2-ZrO_2 supported platinum catalysts measured by H_2 or CO chemisorption",[J]Appl.Catal.,A,260,(2004),pp.1-8.
[58]A.Sclafani,L.Palmisano,G.Marci,A.M.Venezia,"Influence of platinum on catalytic activity of polycrystalline WO_3 employed for phenol photodegradation in aqueous suspension",[J]Sol.Energ.Mat.Sol.Cell.,51,(1995),pp.203-219.
[59]D.Devilries,"Semiconductor photocatalysis still an active research area despite barriers to commercialization ",[J]Energeia,17(3),(2006),pp.1-6.
[60]P.V.Kamat,R.Huehu,R.Nicolaescu,"A sense and shoot approach for photocatalytic degradation of organic contaminants in water",[J]J.Phys.Chem,B,106,(2002),pp.768-794.
[61]J.B.William-Ingler,U.M.Khan-Shaheb,"A Self-Driven p/n-Fe_2O_3 tandem photoelectrochemical cell for water splitting",[J]Eleetrochem.Solid-State Lett,9(4),(2006),pp.G144-G146.
[62]C.Guillard,D.Debayle,A.Gagniaire,H.Jaffrezic,J.M.Herrmann,"Physical properties and photocatalytic efficiencies of TiO_2 films prepared by PECVD and solgel methods ",[J]Mat.Res.Bull.,39,(2004),pp.1445-1449.
[63]C.Guillard,H.Lachheb,A.Houas,M.Ksibi,E.Elaloui,J.-M.Herrmann,"Influence of chemical structure of dyes,of pH and of inorganic salts on their photocatalvtic degradation by TiO_2 Comparison of the efficiencies of powder and supported TiO_2",[J]J.Photochem.Photobiol.A,158,(2003),pp.27-31.
[64]T.Docters,J.M.Chovelon,J.M.Herrmann,J.P.Deloume,"Syntheses of TiO_2photocatalysts by the molten salts method:Application to the photocatalytic degradation of prosulfuron",[J]Appl.Catal.B,50,(2004),pp.219-226.
[65]K.Wessels,A.Feldhoff,M.Wark,J.Rathousky,T.Oekermann,"Low-temperature preparation of crystalline nanoporous TiO_2 Films by surfactant-assisted anodic electrodeposition",[J]Eiectrochem.Solid-State Lert,9,(2006),pp.93-96.
[66]Y.Shiraishi,N.Saito,T.Hirai,"Adsorption-driven photocatalytic activity of mesoporous titanium dioxide",[J]J.Am.Chem.Soc.,127(37),(2005),pp.12820-12822.
[67]C.Randorn,S.Wongnawa,P.Boonsin,"Bleaching of methylene blue by hydrated titanium dioxide",[J]Science Asia,30,(2004),pp.149-156.
[68]S.Teekateerawej,J.Nishino,Y.Nosaka,"Design and evaluation of photocatalytic micro-channel reactors using TiO_2-coated porous ceramics",[J J.Photochem.Photobiol.A,179,(2006),pp.263-268.
[69]D.Fabbri,L.S.Villata,A.B.Prevot,A.L.Capparelli,E.Pramauro,"Photocatalytic degradation of DNOC in aqueous TiO_2 dispersions:Investigation of the initial reaction steps",[J]J.Photochem.Photobiol.A,180,(2006),pp.157-164.
[70]K.Tatsuo,Y.Hiroshi,S.Noriaki,T.Atsushi,N.Chiaki,"Phtocatalytic reduction and deposition of metallic ions in aqueous phase",[J]Chem.Eng.J.,97.(2004),pp.77-81.
[71]C.C.Chen,C.S.Lu,Y.C.Chung,"Photocatalytic degradation of ethyl violet in aqueous solution mediated by TiO_2 suspensions",[J]J.Photochem.Photobiol.A,181,(2006),pp.120-125.
[72]S.Somasundaram,Y.Ming,C.R.Chenthamarakshan,Z.A.Schelly,K.Rajeshwar,"Free radical-mediated heterogeneous photocatalytic reduction of metal ions in UV-Irradiated titanium dioxide suspensions ",[J]J.Phys.Chem.B,108,(2004),pp.4784-4788.
[73]C.G.da Silva,W.Wang,J.L.Faria,"Photocatalytic and photochemical degradation of mono-,di- and tri-azo dyes in aqueous solution under UV irradiation",[J]J.Photochem.Photobiol.,181,(2006),pp.314-324.
[74]D.W.Bahnemann,"Mechanisms of organic transformations on semiconductor particles".In:Photochemical conversion and storage of solar energy,E.Pelizzeti,M.Schiavello,(eds).,[M]Kluwer Academic Publishers,Netherlands,(1991),pp.251-276.
[75]J.H.Yoon,S.R.Jang,R.Vittal,J.Lee,K.J.Kim,"TiO_2 nanorods as additive to TiO_2film for improvement in the performance of dye-sensitized solar cells",[J]J.Photochem.Photobiol.A,180,(2006),pp.184-188.
[76]N.Guettai,H.Ait Amar,"Photocatalytic oxidation of methyl orange in presence of titanium dioxide in aqueous suspension.Pat Ⅰ:Parametric study",[J]Desalination,185,(2005),pp.427-437.
[77]M.Akarsu,M.Asilturk,F.Sayilkan,N.Kiraz,E.Arpac,H.Sayilkan,"A novel approach to the hydrothermal synthesis of anatase Titania nanoparticles and the photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B",[J]Turk.J.Chem.,30,(2006),pp.333-343.
[75]X.Zhu,K.H.Kim,Y.Jeong,"Anodic oxide containing Ca and P of titanium biomaterial",[J]Biomaterials,22,(2001),pp.2199-2206.
[79]D.M.Blake,P.-C.Maness,Z.Huang,E.Wolfrum,J.Huang,W.Jacoby,"Application of the photocatalytic chemistry of titanium dioxide to the disinfection and killing of cancer cells ",[J]Separ.Purif.Method,28(1),(1999),pp.1-50.
[80]R.I.Bickley,T.Gonzalez-Carreno,J.Lees,"A Structure Investigation of Titanium Dioxide Photocatalysts ",[J]J.Solid State Chem.B,92,(1991),pp.178-190.
[81]高濂.纳米氧化钛光催化材料及应用[M]化学工业出版社,7,(2002),pp.39-53.
[82]A.Fujishima,K.Honda,"Electrochemical photolysis of water at a semiconductor eleclectrode",[J],Nature,238,(1972),pp.37-38.
[83]D.Bockelmann.,"Solare Reinigung verschmutzter wasser mittels photokalyse",[M]Cuvillier Verlag;Gottingen,(1994).
[84]I.K.Konstantinou,T.A.Albanis,"TiO_2-assisted photocatalytic degradation of azo dyes in aqueous solution:kinetic and mechanistic investigations",[J]Appl.Catal.B,49,(2004),pp.1-14.
[85]C.G.da Silva,J.L.Faria,"Photochemical and photocatalytic degradation of an azo dye in aqueous solution by UV irradiation",[J]J.Photochem.Photobiol.A,155,(2003),pp.133-143.
[86]P.Pichat,C.Guillard,L.Amalric,A.-C.Renatd,O.Plaidy,"Assessment of the importance of the role of H_2O_2 and O_2~- in the photocatalytic degradation of 1,2-dimethoxybenzene",[J]Sol.Energ.Mat.Sol.Cell.38,(1995),pp.391-399.
[87]E.J.Wolfrum,D.F.Ollis,"hydrogen peroxide in heterogeneous photocatalysis",in:Aquatic aad surface photochemistry,,G.p.Heiz,R.G.Zeep,and D.G.Crosby(eds.),[M]Lewis Publishers:Boca Raton,(1994),pp.451-463.
[88]L.Hyunjoo,C.Woyong,"Photocatalytic oxidation of arsenite in TiO_2 suspensions:kinetics and mechanisms",[J]Environ.Sci.Technol.,36.(2002),pp.3872-3878.
[89]N.Serpone,D.Lawless,J.Disdier,J.M.Herrmann,"Spectroscopic,photoconductivity,and photocatalytic studies of TiO_2 colloids;naked and with the lattice doped with Cr~(3+),Fe~(3+) and V~(5+) cations",[J]Langmuir,10,(1994),pp.643-652.
[90]R.I.Subramanian,V.M.Kuno,P.V.Kamat,"Quantum dot solar cells.Harvesting light energy with CdSe nanocrystals molecularly linked to mesoscopic TiO_2 films",[J]J.Am.Chem.See.,128(7),(2006),pp.2355-2393.
[91]A.Bums,W.Li,C.Baker,S.I.Shah,"Sol-gel synthesis and characterization of neodymium-ion doped nanostructured Titania thin films",[J]Prec.Mater,Res.Soe.Sym.703,(2002),pp.193-197.
[92]C.A.Morris,M.L.Anderson,P.M.Stroud,C.I.Merzbacher,D.R.Rolisonm,"Silica sol as a nanoglue:Flexible synthesis of composite aerogels",[J]Science,284,(1999),pp.622-624.
[93]L.Davydov,F.P.Amaat,S.P.George,"Photocatalytic degradation of organic compounds",[M]U.S Patent No.6585863,1 Jul.2003.
[94]T.Sasaki,N.Koshizald,J.W.Yoon,K.M.Beck,"Preparation of Pt / TiO_2nanocomposite thin films by pulsed laser deposition and their photoelectrochemical behaviors",[J]J.Photochem.Photobiol.A,145,(2001),pp.11-16.
[95]G.L.Zhao,H.Kozuka,T.Yoko,"Sol-gel preparation and photoelectrochemical properties of TiO_2 films containing Au and Ag metal particles",[J]Thin Solid Fires,277,(1996),pp.147-154.
[96]S.M.Sze,"Physics of Semiconductor Devlces",2~(nd) Edition,[M]Wiley & Sons,(1951),Chapter 5.
[97]M.Muller,T.I.Kamins,"Device Electronics for Integrated Circuits",2~(nd) Edition,[M]Wiley & Sons,(1986),Chapter 3.
[98]C.Nordling,J.Osterman,"Physics Handbook for Science and Engineering",6~(th)Edition,[M]Lund Publisher,Sweden,(1999).
[99]J Richard,S R Lewis,"Hawley's condensed chemical dlctionary",12~(th) Edition,[M]Van Nostrand Reinhold Company,New York,(1993).
[100]H.B.Michaelson,"The work function of the elements and its periodicity",[J]J,Appl.Phys,,48(11),(1977),pp.4729-4733.
[101]C.Wang,H.Groenzin,M.Shultz,"Molecular species on nanoparticulate anatase TiO_2 film detected by sum frequency generation:trace hydrocarbons and hydroxyl groups",[J]Langmuir,19,(2003),pp.7330-7334.
[102]C.Wang,H.G-roenzin,M.Sultz,"Surface characterization ofnanoscale TiO_2film by sum frequency generation using methanol as a molecular probe"[J]J.Phys.Chem.B,108,(2004),pp.265-272.
[103]R.Wang,K.Hashimoto,A.Fujishima,M.Chikuni,E.Kojima,A.Kitamura,M.Shimohigoshi,T.Watanabe,"Light-induced amphiphilic surfaces."[J]Nature,388,(1997),pp.431-432.
[104]D,Byun,Y.Yin,B.Kim,J.Lee,D.Park,"photocatalytic TiO_2 deposition by chemical vapor deposition",[J]J.Hazard.Mater.,73,(2000),pp.199-206.
[105]D.Damitriu,A.R.bally,C.Ballif,P.Homes,P.E.Shmid,R.Sanjines,F.Levy,V.I.Parvulescu,"photocatalytic degradation of phenol by TiO_2 thin films prepared by sputtering ring",[J]App.Catal.B:Environ.,25,(2000),pp.83-92.
[106]H.Noguchi,R.Kagami,M.Kuzumi,S.Shigeo,inventors,"Apparatus for continual passing water for treatment using ozone and photocatalyst",Meidensha Electric Mfg,Co.,Ltd,Japan,assigns,[M]Japan Patent,(2001),2001170498.20010626.135:68462 CA.
[107]O.Chihiro,A.Shigendo,O.Yoshiaki,H.Tatsuro,K.Susuki,K.Shin-Iehi,H.Yoshida,H.Tadashi,"crystallization of hydrothermally treated TiO_2 pillards in pillard montmorillonite for improvement of the photocatalytic activity",[J]J.Mater.Chem.,9,(1999),pp.2943-2952.
[108]M.Antonietti,A.C.Rachel,H.P.Hentze,C.Goltner,"hydrophilic gels with new superstructures and their hybrids by nanocasting technologies",[J]Maeromol.Syrup.(Polymers Friendly for Environment),152,(2000),pp.163-172.
[109]T.H.Chang,W.Nan-Min,Z.Faqing,"A kinetic model for photocatalytic degradation of organic contaminants in a thin-film TiO_2 catalysts",[J]Water Res.,34,(2000),pp.407-416.
[110]G.Qing-Ping,W.Zhang-Huang,Z.Jun-Fu,T.Fang,"Application and optical properties of TiO_2 thin films prepared by chemical vapour deposition",[J]J.Nat.Gas Chem.,8,(1999),pp.331-338.
[111]Y.Murata,H.Tawara,H.Obata,K.Takeuchi,"Air purifying pavement:Development of photocatalytic concrete blocks",[J]J.Adv.Oxid.Technol.,4,(1999),pp.227-230.
[112]Y.Matsumoto,M.Murakami,J.Zhang Wu,A.Nakayama,T.Yamagushi,T.Ohmori,E.Susuki,S.Nomura,et al.,"Combinatorial synlhesis and high through put evaluation of doped TiO_2 thin films for the development of photocatalysts",in:Combinatorial and Composition spread techniques in Materials and Device Development,[M]Proc.SPIE-Int.Soc.Opt.Eng.3941,(2000),pp.19-27.
[113]D.Makoto,S.Saka,H.Miyafuji,ATDavid,"Development of carbonized TiO_2-woody composites for environmental cleaning",[J]Mater.Sci.Res.Int.,6,(2000),pp.15-21.
[114]C.Peng,F.Yiqun,X.Nanping,S.Jun,"Preparation,characterization and photocatalytic activity of TiO_2 membrane photocatalyst immobilized on activated carbon",[J]Cuihua Xuebao,21(5),(2000),pp.494-496.
[1]C.C.Chen,C.S.Lu,Y.C.Chung,"Photocatalytic degradation of ethyl violet in aqueous solution mediated by TiO_2 suspensions',[J]J.Photochem.Photobiol.A.,181,(2006),pp.120-125.
[2]E.Bizani,K.Fytianos,I.Poulios,V.Tsiridis,"Photocatalytic decolorization and degradation of dye solutions and wastewaters in the presence of titanium dioxide",[J]J.Hazard.Mater.,137,(2006),pp.85-94.
[3]N.Guettai,H.A.Ait,"Photocatalytic oxidation of methyl orange in presence of titanium dioxide in aqueous suspension.Pat Ⅰ:Parametric study",[J]Desalination,185,(2005),pp.427-435.
[4]I.Arslan,I.A.Balcioglu,D.W.Banheman,"Heterogeneous photocatalytic treatment of simulated dye house effluents using novel TiO_2 photocatalysts",[J]Appl.Catal.B:Envrion.,26,(2000),pp.193-206.
[5]C.Sawyer,P.MeCarty,G.Patkin,"Chemistry for Environmental Engineering and Science",5th ed.,[M]McGraw-Hill,New York,(2003).
[6]J.M.Herrmann,W.Mu,P.Piehat,"Heterogeneous catalysis and fine chemicals Ⅱ",M.Guisnet(ed.),[M]Amsterdam,Elsevier,(1991),pp.405-420.
[7]D.Liu,R.W.Fessenchen,G.L.Hug,P.V.Kamat,"Dye Capped Semiconductor Nanoclusters.Role of Back Electron Transfer in the Photosensitization of SnO_2Nanocrystallites with Cresyl Violet Aggregates",[J]J.Phys.Chem.B,101,(1997),pp.2583-2590.
[8]F.Femandez-Ibanez,F.J.de las Nieves,S.Malato,"Titanium dioxide/electrolyte solution interface:electron transfer phenomena",[J]J.Colloid.Interf.Sci.,277,(2000),pp.510-516.
[9]K.H.Wang,Y.H.Hsieh,C.H.Wu,C.Y.Chang,"The pH and anion effects on the heterogeneous photocatalytic degradation of o-methylbenzoic acid in TiO_2 aqueous suspension",[J]Chemosphere,40.(2000),pp.389-394.
[10]D.F.Ollis,"Solar assisted photocatalysis for water purification:issues data,questions",in:Photochemical conversion and storage of solar energy,[M]Kluwer Academic Publishers,(1991),pp.593-622.
[11]M.R.Hoffman,S.T.Martin,W.choi,D.W.bahnemann,"Environmental applications of semiconductor photocatalysis",[J]Chem.Rev.95,1995,p.69-96.
[12]G.Al-Sayyed,J.C.D'Oliveira,P.Pichat,"Semiconductor-senistized ohotdegradation of 4-chlorophenol in water",[J]J.Photochem.Photobioi.A:Chem.,58.(1991),pp.99-114.
[13]W.Yongbing,H.Chia-Swee,"TiO_2-mediated photomineralization of 2-chlorobiphenyl:the role of O_2",[J]Water Res.,34,(2000),pp.2791-2797.
[14]K.Kositzi,I.Poulios,S.Malato,J.Caceres,A.Campos,"Solar photocatalytic treatment of synthetic municipal wastewater",[J]Water Res.,38,(2004),pp.1147-1154.
[15]S.Irmak,E.Kusvuran,O.Erbatur,"Degradation of 4-chloro -2- methylphenol in aqueous solution by UV irradiation in the presence of titanium dioxide",[J]Appl.catal.B:Environ.,54,(2004),pp.85-91.
[16]S.Malato,J,Blanco,M.Maldinado,P.Ibanez,A.Campos,"Optimising solar photocatalytic mineralization of pesticides by adding inorganic oxidizing species:application to the recycling of pesticides containers",[J]Appl.Catal.B:Environ.,28,(2000),pp.163-174.
[17]N.Daneshvar,D.Salari,A.R.Khataee,"Photocatalytic degradation of azo dye acid red 14 in water:investigation of the effect of operational parameters",[J]J .Photochem.Photobiol.A:Chem.,157,(2003),pp.111-116.
[18]J.M.Herrmann,"Heterogeneous photocatalysis:fundamentals and applications to the removal of various types of aqueous pollutants",[J]Catal.Today,53,(1999),pp.115-119.
[19]A.Fujishima,K.Honda,"Electrochemical photolysis of water at a semiconductor eleclectrode",[J],Nature,238,(1972),pp.37-38.
[20]A.Taicheag L.Guiying,Y.Xiong,Z.Xihai,X.Hengtai,L.Guoguang,"Photoelectrochemical degradation of methylene blue with nano TiO_2 under high potential bias",[J]Mater.Phys.Mech.,4,(2001),pp.101-106.
[21]H.Gerischer,A.Heller,"The role of oxygen in the photooxidation of organic molecules on semiconductor particles",[J]J.Phys.Chem.,95,(1991),pp.5261-5267.
[22]J.A.Byme,A.Davidson,P.S.M.Dunlop,B.R.Eggins,"Water treatment using nano-crystalline TiO_2 electrodes",[J]J.Photochem.Photobiol.A:Chem.,148,(2002),pp.365-374.
[23]L.Kronik,Y.Shapira,"Surface photovoltage spectroscopy of semiconductor structure:at the crossroads of physics,chemistry and electrical engineering",[J]Surf.Interfaee.Anal.,31,(2001),pp.954-965.
[24]K.Vinodgopal,P.V.Kamat,"Electrochemically assisted photocatalysis using nanocrystalline semiconductor thin films",[J]Sol.Energy Mater.Sol.Cells,38,(1995),pp.401-410.
[25]G.N.Gibson,G.Dunne,"Tunneling Ionization Rates from Arbitrary Potential Wells",[J]Phys.Rev.Lett.,81(13),(1998),pp.2663-2666.
[26]S.Nordholm,"Delocalizatian the key concept of covalent bonding",[J]J.Chem.Ed.65(7),(1998),pp.581-584.
[27]L.I.Schiff,"Quantum Mechanics",3rd ed.,[M]McGraw-Hill,New York,(1968),pp.37-42.
[28]Z.Jinyan,"Quantum mechanics",[M]Sciences Publisher,Beijing,China,(1990),volume 1,chapter 3.
[29]孙宪荣 硕士论文,外加阳极偏压对TiO_2薄膜光生电子—空穴复合的影响,上海大学,2006年2月
[30]H.Asoh,K.Nishio.M.Nakao,T.Tamamura,H.Masuda,"Conditions for fabrication of ideally ordered anodic porous alumina using pretextural Al",[J]J.Electrochem.Soc.,148,(2001),pp.B.152-B.156.
[31]J.B.Birch,J.D.Burieigh,"Oxides formed on titanium by polishing,etching,anodizing,or thermal oxidizing",[J]J.Corrosion,56(2),(2000),pp.1233-1241.
[32]H.Uchi,T.Kanno,R.S.Alwitt,"Structural features of crystalline anodic alumina films",[J]J.Electrochem.Soc.,148,(2001),pp.B.17-B.23.
[33]R.S.Alwitt,H.Takei,"Thin Films Science and Technology",in:Passivity of metals and semiconductors,M Froment(ed.),Vol.4,[M]Elsevier,New York,(1983),pp.741-746.
[34]N.Serpone,A.V.Emeline,"Suggested terms and definitions in photocatalysis and radiocatalysis",[J]Int.J.Photoenerg.,4,(2002),pp.103-105.
[35]S.Wernick,R.Pinner,P.G.Sheasby,"The surface treatment and finishing of aluminum and its alloys',5~(th) edition,[M]ASM International,Metals Park,Ohio,USA,(1987).
[36]G.E.Thompson,G.C.Wood,"Treatise on Materials Science and Technology",in:Corrosion:Aqueous processes and passive films,J.C.Scully(ed.),Vol.23,[M]Academic Press,New York,(1983).
[37]S.Young-Taeg,C.B.Joansson,J.Yongsoo,T.Albrektsson,"The electrochemical oxide growth behavior on titanium in acid and alkaline electrolytes",[J]Med.Eng.Phys.,23,(2001),pp.329-346.
[38]O.Han-Jun,L.Jong-Ho,Y.Jeong,K.Beom-Su et al.,"Influnence of electrolytic mediums on the microstructures of anodic titania",[J]Solid State Phenomena,124-126,(2007),pp.1773-1776.
[39]G.Jouve,J.S.L.Leach,"The increase in temperature of the anodic film formed on totanium during growth in acid media",[J]Thin Solid Films,110,(1983),p.263-273.
[40]B.E.Hayden,D.V.Malevich and D.Pleteher,"Platinum catalysed nanoporous titanium dioxide electrodes in H_2SO_4 solutions",[J]Electrochem.Commun.,3(8),(2001),pp.395-399.
[41]H.Uchi,T.Kanno,R.S.Alwitt,"Structural features of crystalline anodic alumina films",[J]J.Electrochem.Soc.,148,(2001),pp.B.17-B.23.
[42]H.Asoh,K.Nishio.M.Nakao,T.Tamamura,H.Masuda,"Conditions for fabrication of ideally ordered anodic porous alumina using pretextural Al",[J]J.Electrochem.Soc.,148,(2001),pp.B.152-B.156.
[43]S.Tanaka,M.Aonuma,N.Hirose,T.Tanaki,"The preparation of porous TiO_2 by immersing Ti in NaOH solution",[J]J.Electrochem.Soc.149(11),(2002),pp.D167-D171.
[44]S.Tanaka,N.Hirose,T.Tanaki,"Effect of the temperature and concentration of NaOH on the formation of porous TiO_2",[J]J.Electrochem.Soc.,152(12),(2005),pp.C789-C794.
[45]武鹏飞,李谋成,肖美群.阳极氧化法制备光电化学防腐蚀二氧化钛薄膜[J].电化学,10(3),(2004),pp.353-357.
[46]B.E.Hayden,D.V.Malevich,D.Pletcher,"Electrode coatings from sprayed titanium dioxide nanoparticles-behavtour in NaOH solutions",[J]Electrochem.Commun.,3,(2001),p.390-394.
[47]W.Romer,C.Steinem,"Impedance Analysis and Single-Channel Recordings on Nano-Black Lipid Membranes Based on Porous Alumina",[J]Biophys.J.,86,(2004),pp.955-965.
[48]G.S.Huang,X.L.Wu,Y.F.Mei,X.F.Shao,"Strong blue emission from anodic alumina membranes with ordered nanopore array",[J]J.Appl.Phys.,93(1),(2003),pp.583-586.
[49]A.Akolkar,U.Landau,H.Kuo,W.Yar-Ming,"Modeling of the current distribution in aluminum anodization",[J]J.Appl.Electrochem.,34,(2004),pp.807-813.
[50]http://www.mc.mat.shibaura-it,ac.jp/～plaza/chap331.html(as on 2005.01.12).
[51]宋江江,沈嘉年,李凌峰,姚书典.电化学氧化生长纳米晶TiO_2光催化薄膜结构与性能表征,[J]中国腐蚀与防护学报,22(2),(2002),pp.98-102.
[52]W.Sujarid,P.Pongkao,D.Durreutai,Y.Yasuaki,T.Wotanabe et al.,"Direct fabrication of TiO_2 nanoparticles deposited on hydroxyapatite crystals under mild hydrothermal conditions",[J]J.Nanosci.Nanotech.,5(6),(2005),pp.875-879.
[53]B.Yang,M.Uchida,H.M.Kim,X.Zhang,T.Kokubo,"Preparation of bioactive titanium metal via anodic oxidation treatment",[J]Biomateriais,25(6),(2004),pp.1003-1010.
[54]J.M.Macak,H.Tsuchiya,P.Schmuki,"High-Aspect-Ratio TiO_2 Nanotubes by Anodization of Titanium",[J]Angew.Chemie,117,(2005),pp.2136-2140.
[55]H.Tsuchiya,J.M.Macak,L.Taveira,E.Balaur,A.Ghicov,K.Sirotna and P.Schmuki,"Self-organized TiO_2 Nanotubes Prepared in Ammonium Fluoride Containing Acetic Acid Electrolytes",[J]Electrochem.Commun.7,(2005),pp.567-570.
[56]S.P.Albu,A.Ghicov,J.M.Macak,P.Schmuki,"25Ohm long anodic TiO_2nanotubes with hexagonal self-ordering",[J]Physiea Status Solid,1,(2006),pp.R65-R67.
[57]K.Peter,B.Dora,K.Hans-Jurgen,"Method of producing oxide ceramic layers on barrier layer-forming metals and articles produced by the method",[M]United States Patent 5385662,(1995).
[58]V.M.Frauchiger,F.Schlottig,B.Gasser,M.Textor,"Anodic plasma -chemical treatment of CP titanium surfaces for biomedical applications",[J]Biomaterials,25(4),(2004),pp.593-606.
[59]S.J.Limmer,T.P.Chou,G.Z.Cao,"A study on the growth of TiO_2 nanorods using sol electrophoresis",[J]J.Meter.Sci.,39,(2004),pp.895-901.
[60]C.Da Fonseca,A.Traverse,A.Tadjeddine,M.Da Cunha Belo,"A characterization of titanium oxides by X-ray absorption spectroscopy and grazing X-ray diffraction",[J]J.Electroanal.Chem.,388,(1995),pp.115-122.
[61]J.Johannson,V.Schollmann,K.Anderson,D.B.Haviland,"Coulomb blockade in anodized titanium nanostructures",[J]Physica B,284-288,(2000),pp.1796-1997.
[62]H.O Pierson,"Handbook of Chemical Vapor Deposition(CVD) principles.Technology and Applications",2~(nd) ed.,[M]Noyes Publication,New York,(1999),Appendix.
[63]A.H.O Pierson,"Handbook of Chemical Vapor Deposition(CVD) principles,Technology and Applications",2~(nd) ed,[M]Noyes Publication,New York,(1999).Chapter 1.
[64]G.T.Lira,D.H.Kim,"Characteristics of TiO_x films prepared by chemical vapor deposition using tetrakis-dimethyl-amido-titanium and water"[J]Thin Solid Films,498,(2006),pp.254-258.
[65]M.Maeda,T.Watanabe,"Visible light photocatalysis of nitrogen-doped titanium oxide films prepared by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition",[J]J.Eiectrochem.Soc.153(3),(2006),pp.C186-C189.
[66]T.N.Murakani,Y.Kijitori,N.Kawashima,"Low temperature preparation of mesoporous TiO2 films for efficient dye-sensitized photoelectrode by chemical vapor deposition",[J]J,Photochem.Photobiol.A,164,(2004),pp.187-191.
[67]S.Philippe,K.Philippe,"Chemical Vapor Deposition Methods for the Controlled Preparation of Supported Catalytic Materials",[J]Chem.Rev.,102(9),(2002),pp.3085-3128.
[68]A.Sandell,M.P.Andersson,Y.Alfredsson,M.K.J.Johannson,et al.,"Titanium dioxide thin film growth on silicon(111) by chemical vapor deposition of titanium (Ⅳ) isopropoxide",[J]J.Appl.Phys.,92(2),(2002),pp.3381-3387.
[69]L.Lei,H.Ping Chu,H.Xijun,Y.Po-Lock,"Preparation of Heterogeneous Photocatalyst(TiO_2/Alumina) by Metallo-Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition",[J]Ind.Eng.Chem.Res.,38(9),(1999),pp.3381-3385.
[70]A.Sandell,M.P.Andersson,Y.Alfredsson,M.K.J.Johannson,et al.,"Metalorganic chemical vapor deposition of anatase titanium dioxide on Si:modifying the interface by pore-oxidation",[J]Surf.Sci.,530(1-2),(2003),pp.63-70.
[71]C.J.Blinker,G.W.Scherrer,"The Physic and Chemistry of Sol -gel processing",in:Sol Gel Science,[M]Academic Press,San Diego,USA,(1990).
[72]M.Zaharescu,V.Badescu,A.Vasilescu,A.Jitianu,"Contribution to the Sol-Gel Chemistry in silica based systems emerging fields in Sol-Gel Science and Technology Materials",[M]Kluwer Academic Publisher,(2003),pp.157-162.
[73]Y.J.Chen,D.D.Dionysiou,"Effect of calcination temperature on the photocatalytic activity and adhesion of TiO_2 films prepared by the P-25 powder-modified sol-gel method",[J]J.Mol,Catal.A:Chem.,244(1-2),(2006),pp.73-82.
[74]H.Choi,Y.J.Kim,S.Rajender,V.Varma,D.Dionysios et al.,"Thermally Stable Nanocrystalline TiO_2 Photocatalysts Synthesized via Sol-Gel Methods Modified with Ionic Liquid and Surfactant Molecules",[J]Chem.Mater.,18(22),(2006),pp.5377-5384.
[75]C.K.Jung,I.S.Bae,Y.H.Song,T.K.Kim,J.Vlcek,et al.,"Synthesis of TiO_2photocatalyst and study on their improvement technology of photocatalytic activity",[J]Surf,Coat.Technol.,200(1.-4),(2005),pp.534-538.
[76]I.Kartini,P.Meredith,X.S.Zhao,J.C.Diniz da Costa,G.Q.Lu,"A Two-Step Sol-Gel Method for Synthesis of Nanoporous TiO_2",[J]J.Nanosci,Nanotechnol.,4(3),(2004),pp.270-274.
[77]M.Abdul Hamid,I.Ab.Rahman,"Preparation of Titanium Dioxide(TiO_2) thin films by sol gel dip coating method",[J]Malaysian Journal of Chemistry,5(1),(2003),pp.86-91.
[78]T.Kishimoto,H.Kozuka "Sol-gel preparation of TiO_2 ceramic coating films from aqueous solutions of titanium sulfate(Ⅳ) containing polyvinylpyrrolidone",[J]J.Mater.Res.,18,(2003),pp.466-474.
[79]A.R Phani,M.Passacantando,S.Santucci,"Synthesis and choracterisation of cadmium titanium oxide thin films by sol-gel technique',[J]J.Phys.Chem.Solids,63,(2002),pp.383-392.
[80]D.S.Lee,T.K.Liu,"Preparation of TiO_2 sol using TiCl4 as a precursor",[J]J.Sol-Gel Sci.Technol.,25,(2002),pp.121-136.
[81]M.Zhang,Y.Bando,K.Wada,"Sol-gel template preparation of TiO_2 nanotubes and nanorods",[J]J.Mater.Sci.Lett.20,(2001),pp.167-170.
[82]M.Akarsu,M.Asilturk,F.Sayilkan,N.Kiraz,E.Arpac,H.Sayilkan,"A novel approach to the hydrothermal synthesis of anatase Titania nanoparticles and the photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B",[J]Turk,J.Chem.,30,(2006),pp.333-343.
[83]C.Su,C.M.Tseng,L.F.Chen,,B.H.You,B.C.Hsu,S.S.Chen,"Sol-hydrothermal preparation and photocatalysis of titanium dioxide',[J]Thin Solid Films 498(1-2),(2006),pp.259-65.
[84]J.F.Zhu,Z.G.Deng,F.Chen,J.L.Zhang,H.J.Chen,M.Anpo,J.Z.Huang,L.Z.Zhang,"Hydrothermal doping method for preparation of Cr~(3+)-TiO_2 photocatalysts with concentration gradient distribution of Cr~(3+)",[J]Appl.Catal.B:Environ.,(2006),pp.329-35.
[85]P.E.Pavel,V.K.Ivanov,A.E.Barantchikov,B.R.Churagulov,Y.D.Tretyakov,"Ultrasonically assisted hydrothermal synthesis of nanocrystalline ZrO_2,TiO_2,NiFe_2O_4 and Ni_(0.5) Zn_(0.5) Fe_2O_4 powders",[J]Ultrasonics Sonochem.,13,(2006),pp.47-53.
[86]S.Pavasupree,S.Ngamsinlapasathian,Y.Suzuki,S.Yoshikawa,"Synthesis and Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Performance of Nanorods/Nanoparticles TiO_2 from High Surface Area Nanosheet TiO_2",[J]J.Nanosci.Nanotechnol.,6,(2006),pp.3685-3692.
[87]M.G-uobin,Z.Xiaoming,Z.Jianmin,"Microwave Hydrothermal Synthesis of Rutile TiO_2 Nanorods",[J]Intern.J.Modern.Phys.B,19.(2005),pp.2763-2768.
[88]J.H.Lee,M.Kang,S.J.Choung,K.Ogino,et al.,"The preparation of TiO2nanometer photocatalyst film by a hydrothermal method and its sterilization performance for Giardia lamblia",[J]Water Res.,38(3),(2004),pp.713-719.
[89]S.Yoshikazu,S.Yoshikawa,"Synthesis and thermal analyses of TiO_2-derived nanotubes prepared by the hydrothermal method',[J]J.Mater.Res.,19(4),(2004),pp.982-985.
[90]Y.V.Kolen'Ko,B.R.Churagulov,M.Kunst,L.Mazerolles,C.Colbeau-Justin,"Photocatalytic properties of titania powders prepared by hydrothermal method",[J]Appl.Catal.B:Environ.,54,(2004),pp.51-58.
[91]M.Andersson,L.Osterlund,S.Ljungstrom,A.Palmqvist,"Preparation of Nanosize Anatase and Rutile TiO_2 by Hydrothermal Treatment of Microemulsions and Their Activity for Photocatalytic Wet Oxidation of Phenol"[J]J.Phys.Chem.B,106(41),(2002),pp.10674-10679.
[92]A.H.Baraka,H.A.Hamed,H.H.Shaarawy,"Electrodeposition of rhodium metal on titanium dioxide substrates",[J]Anti-Corrosion Methods Mater.,49(4),(2002),pp.282-286.
[93]L.Zhitomirsky,Gal-Or,A.Kohn,H.W.Hennicke,"Electrodeposition of ceramic films from non-aqueous and mixed solutions",[J]J.Mater.Sci.,30(20),(1995),pp.5307-5312.
[94]M.Bestetti,S.Franz,M.Cuzzolin,P.Arosio,P.L.Cavallotti,"Structure of nanotubular titanium oxide templates prepared by electrochemical anodization in H_2SO_4/HF solutions",[J]Thin Solid Films,515,(2007),pp.5253-5258.
[95]R.Beranek,H.Hildebrand,P.Schmuki,"Self-Organized Porous Titanium Oxide Prepared in H_2SO_4/HF Electrolytes",[J]Electrochem.Solid-State Lett,6,(2003),pp.B12-B15.
[1]S.Amrate,D.E.Akretche,C.Innocent,P.Seta,"Use of cation-exchange membranes for simultaneous recovery of lead and EDTA during electrokinetic extraction",[J]Desalination,193,(2006),pp.405-410
[2]J.-K.Yang,S.-M.Lee,A.P.Davis,"Effect of Background Electrolytes and pH on the Adsorption of Cu(Ⅱ)/EDTA onto TiO_2",[J]J.Colloid Interface Sci.,295,(2006),pp.14-20.
[3]J.B.Wachtman,H.K.Zwi,"Characterization of Materials",[M]Manning Publications Co.,Butterworth- Heinemann,Greenwich,USA,(1993).
[4]W.J.Quadakkers,V.Shemet,D.Sebold,R.Anton,E.Wessel,L.Singheiser,"Oxidation characteristics of a platinized MCrAlY bond coat for TBC systems during cyclic oxidation at 1000 ℃",[J]Surf.Coat.Tech.,199(1),(2005),pp.77-82.
[5]C.Sitting.M.Textor,N.D.Spencer,M,Wieland,P.H.Vallotton,"Surface characterization of implant materials CP Ti,Ti-6Al-7Nb and Ti-6Al-4V with different pretreatments",[J]J.Mater.Sci-Mater.Med.,10(1999),pp.35-46.
[6]C.Massaro,P.Rotolo,F.De Riccardis,E.Milella,A.Napoli,et al.,"Comparative investigation of the surface properties of commercial titanium dental implants".Part Ⅰ:Chemical composition,[J]J.Mater.Sci-Mater.Med.,13,(2002),pp.535-548.
[7]C.T.Schamp,W.A.Jesser,"On the measurement of lattice parameters in a collection of nanoparticles by transmission electron diffraction",[J]Ultramicroscopy,103,(2005),pp.165-172.
[8]G.Lawes,"Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray microanalysis(Analytical Chemistry by open learning) ",[M]John Wiley and Sons,New York(1987).
[9]L.A.Bendersky,F.W.Gayle,"Electron Diffraction Using Transmission Electron Microscopy",[J]J.Res.Natl.last.Stand.Tethnol.,106,(2001),pp.997-1012.
[10]W.I.F.David,K.Shankland,L.B.McCusker,Ch.Baerlocher,"Structure Determination from Powder Diffraction Data",[M]Oxford Science Publications,(2002).
[11]L.Bish,J.E.Post,"Modern Powder Diffraction",in:Reviews in Mineralogy,Vol.20,[M]The Mineralogical Society of America,Washington,(1989).
[12]L.V.Azaroff,M.J.Buerger,"The Powder Method in x-ray crystallography",[M]McGraw Hill Book Company,New York,(1958).
[13]A.Le Bail,"New developments in microstructure analysis via Rietveld refinements",[J]Adv.X-Ray Anal,42(2000),pp.191-203.
[14]J.Rodriguez-Carvajal,"A program for rietveld refinement and pattern matching analysis",in:Abstracts of the Satellite meeting on Powder Diffraction of the XV~(th),[M]Congress of the International Union of Crystallography,Toulouse(France),(1990),p.127.
[15]W.I.F.David,K.Shankland,L.B.McCusker,Ch.Baerlocher,"Structure Determination from Powder Diffraction Data",in:International Union of Crystallography Monographs on Crystallography,[M]Oxford Science Publications,(2006).
[16]B.D.Cullity,"Elements of X-ray diffraction",[M]Addison-Wesley Publishing Co.,Inc,London,England,(1959).
[17]T.R.John Ferraro,K.Nakamoto,"Introductory Raman spectroscopy",[M]Academic Press,New York(1994).
[18]M.Ocana,J.V.Garcia-Ramas,C.J.Sema,"Low-Temperature Nucleation of Rutile Observed by Raman Spectroscopy during Crystallization of TiO_2",[J]J.Am.Ceram.Soc.,75,(1992),pp.2010-2013.
[19]D.Braun Robert,"Introduction to instrumental analysis",[M]MC-Graw-Hill,New York,(1987).
[20]S.Gorog,"Ultraviolet-Visible Spectrophotometry in Pharmaceutical Analysis",[M]CRC Press,(1995).
[21]N.Serpone,A.V.Emeline,"Suggested terms and definitions in photocatalysis and radiocatalysis",[J]Int.J.Photoenerg.,4,(2002),pp.103-105.
[22]J.Wang,"Analytical Electrochemistry",[M]John Wiley and Sons,New York Chapter 2,(2000).
[23]E.T.Henrique,A.Koiti,D.Sergio."A Cyclic Voltammetry Experiment Illustrating Redox Potentials,Equilibrium Constants,and Substitution Reactions in Coordination Chemistry",[J]J.Chem.Edue.,77,(2000),pp.1351-1354.
[24]D.T.Sawyer,W.R.Heineman,J.M.beebe,"Chemistry experiments for instrumental methods",[M]John Wiley and Sons,New York,(1984).
[25]W.E.Geiger,"Instructional Examples of Electrode Mechanisms in Transition Metal Complexes",in Laboratory Techniques in Electroanalytical Chemistry,2nd,P.T.Kissinger and W.R.Heineman(eds.),[M]Mareel-Dekker(Ed.),New York,(1996),pp.683-717.
[26]D.A.Skoog,F.J.Holer,T.A.Nieman,"Principles of instrumental analysis",4th Ed.,[M]Saunders College Publishing,Philadephia,chapter 25,(1992).
[27]Y.Tong,H.S.Kim,P.K.Babu,P.Waszczuk,A.Wieckowski,E.Oldifield,"An NMR investigationof CO tolerance in Pt/Ru fuel cell catalyst",[J]J.Am.Chem.Soc.,12.4(3),(2002),pp.468-473.
[28]J.Marin-Cruz,E.Garcia-Figueroa,M.Miranda-Hemandez,I.Gonzalez,"Electrochemical treatments for selecave growth of different calcium carbonate allotropic forms on carbon steel",[J]Water Res.,38,(2004),pp.173-183.
[29]H.S.Narula,J.G.Harris,"Integrated VLSI potentiostat for cyclic voltammetry in electrolytic reactions",in:ISVLSI,IEEE Computer Society Annual Symposium on VLSI Emerging Trends,[M]VLSI Systems Design(ISVLST 04),(2004),p.268.
[30]K.Kamada,M.Mukai,Y.Matsumoto,"Electrodeposition of titanium(Ⅳ) oxide film from sacrificial titanium anode in I_2-added acetone bath",[J]Electrochim.Acta,47,(2002),pp.3309-3313.
[31]K.T.Kawagoe,J.B.Zimmerman,RM.Wightman,"Principles of Voltammetry and Microelectrode Surface States",[J]J.Neurosci.Meth.,48,(1993),pp.225-240.
[32]G.A.Ragoisha,A.S.Bondarenko,"Electrochemistry:New Research,Potentiodynamic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy",M.Nunez(Ed.),[M]Nova Science Publ.,New York,Chapter 3,(2005),pp.51-75
[33]J.C.Myland,KB.Oldham,"Which of three voltammetric methods,when applied to a reversible electrode reaction,can best cope with double-layer capacitance and severe uncompensated resistance ",[J]Anal.Chem.,72(2000),pp.3210-3217.
[34]J.R.Scully,"Polarization Resistance Method for Determination of Instantaneous Corrosion Rates:a Review",[J]Corrosion,56(2),(2000),p.199.
[35]S.X.Liu,L.M.Vane,M.Peng,"Theoretical analysis of concentration polarization effect on VOC removal by evaporation",[J]J.Hazard.Substance Res.4,(2004),pp.5-21.
[36]L.Song,M.Elimelech,"Theory of Concentration Polarization in Crossflow Filtration",[J]J.Chem.Soc.,Faraday Trans.,91,(1995),pp.3389-3398.
[37]C.Sawyer,P.McCarty,G.Parkin,"Chemistry for Environmental Engineering and Science",5th ed.,[M]McGraw-Hill,New York,(2003).
[38]R.Sven-Olof,A.Forsberg,"A mercury-free accelerated method for determining the chemical oxygen demand of large numbers of water samples by autoclaving them under pressure with acid dichromate",[J]Water Res.,11,(1977),pp.801-805.
[39]D.Ebbing,Darrell D.,"General Chemistry",3rd ed,[M]Houghton Mifflin,USA (1990).
[40]E.Prichard,R.Lawn,"Practical Laboratory Slalls Training Guide:Measurement of pH",1~(st)ed.,[M]Royal Society of Chemistry;London,U K(2003).
[41]W.H.John,K.K.Doris,"Chemistry for Changing Times",9th ed.,[M]Prentice Hall Inc,New Jersey,USA(2001).
[42]Y.D.A.Long,"Raman spectroscopy",[M]MC-Graw-Hill,New York,(1977).
[1]S.Piazza,L.Cala,C.Sunseri,F.D.Quarto,"Influence of the crystallization process on the photoelcetrochemical behaviour of anodic TiO_2 films ",[J]J Phys Chem,101(6),(1997),pp.932-942.
121 L.D.Arsov,C.Kormann,W.Plieth W."In Situ Raman Spectra of anodically formed titanium dioxide layers in solutions of H_2SO_4,KOH,and HNO_3",[J]J Electrochem Soc,138(10),(1991),pp.2964-2970.
[3]G.Jouve,J.S.L.Leach,"The increase in temperature of the anodic film formed on titanium during growth in acid media",[J]Thin Solid Films,110,(19&3),pp.263-273.
[4]J.R.Birch,T.D.Burieigh,"Oxides formed on Titanium by polishing,etching,anodizing,or thermal oxidizing",[J]Corrosion,56(12),(2000),pp.1233-1241.
[5]T.Shibata,C.Zhu,"The effect of film formation conditions on the structure and composition of anodic films on titanium ",[J]Corrosion Sci.,37.(2),(1995),pp 253-270.
[6]J.Marsh,D Gorse,"A photoelectrochemical and ac impedance study of anodic titanium oxide films",[J]Electrochim Acta,43,(1998),pp.659-670.
[7]J.L.Delplancke,R.Winand,"Galvanostatic anodization of titanium-Ⅱ Reactions efficiencies and electrochemical behavior model",[J]Eleetrochim Acta,33(1988),pp.1151-59.
[8]S.Young-Taeg,B.C.Johansson,J.Youngsoo,T.Albrectsson,"The electrochemical oxide growth behavior on titanium in acid and alkaline electolytes",[J]Meal.Eng.Phys.,23,(2001),pp.329-346.
[9]B.E.Hayden,D.V.Malevich,D.Pletcher,"Electrode coatings from sprayed titanium dioxide nanoparticles-behaviour in NaOH solutions",[J]Electrochem.Commun.,3,(2001),pp.390-394.
[10]B.E.Hayden,D.V.Malevich and D.Pleteher,"Platinum catalysed nanoporous tianium dioxide electrodes in H_2SO_4 solutions",[J]Electrochem.Commun,3(8),(2001),pp.395-399.
[11]W.Zhibin,M.Yoshimura,"Electrochemical studies of the mechanism of fabrication of ceramic films by hydrothermal-electrochemical technique",[J]Bull.Korean Chem.Soc.,20(8),(1999),pp.869-874.
[12]V.M.Frauchiger,F.Schlottig,B.Gasser,M.textor,"anodic plasma-chemical treatment of CP titanium surfaces for biomedical applications",[J]Biomaterials,25(4),(2004),pp.593-606.
[13]沈嘉年,宋江江"钛上阳极氧化生成TiO_2光催化薄膜的结构与性能.[J].稀有金属材料与工程,33(10),(2004),pp.1076-1079.
[14]肖美群,沈嘉年,李谋成.添加Fe~(3+)对二氧化钛薄膜吸收光谱及光催化活性的影响.[J].上海金属,4.(2004),pp.13-16.
[15]武鹏飞,李谋成,肖美群.阳极氧化法制备光电化学防腐蚀二氧化钛薄膜[J].电化学,10(3),(2004),PP.353-357.
[16]宋江江,沈嘉年,李凌峰,姚书典.电化学氧化生长纳米晶TiO_2光催化薄膜结构与性能表征,[J]中国腐蚀与防护学报,22(2),(2002),pp.98-102.
[17]沈嘉年,宋江江,马寒冰等.电化学氧化生长纳米晶TiO_2光催化薄膜,[M]2002年上海纳米科技发展研讨会论文集,pp.368-73.
[18]A.Aladjem,"anodic oxidation of titanium and its alloys",[J]J.Mater.Sci,8,(1973),pp.688-708.
[19]A.K.Sharma,H.Bhojarag,"Anodizing titanium for space applications,products and applications",in:Proceddings of Technical Program from the International Conference,[M]Titanium Development Association publisher,(1990),Vol.1,pp.282-289.
[20]M.lwasaki,Y.Iwasaki,H.Tada' S.Ito,"One-Pot Process for anodic oxide films of titanium with high photocatalytic activity",[J]Mater.Trans.,45,(2004),pp.1607-1612.
[21]Y.Mohd,D.Pletcher,"The influence of deposition conditions and dopant ions on the structure,activity and stability of lead dioxide anode coatings",[J]J.Electrochem.Soc.,152,(2005),pp.D97-D102.
[22]C.Massaro,P.Rotolo,F.De Riecards,E.Milella,A.Napoli et al.,"Comparative investigation of the surface properties of commercial titanium dental implants.Part Ⅰ:Chemical composition",[J]J.Mater.Sci.Mater.Med,13,(2002),pp.535-548.
[23]J.R.Birch,T.D.Burleigh,"Oxides Formed on Titanium by Polishing,Etching,Anodizing,or Thermal Oxidizing",[J]Corrosion,56(12),(2000),pp.1233-1241.
[24]R.Palombari,M.Ranchella,C.Rol,G.V.Sebastiani,"Oxidative photoelectrochemical technology with Ti /TiO_2 anodes".[J]Sol.Energ.Mat.Sol.Cell.71(2002),pp.359-368.
[25]S.Tanaka,M.Aonuma,N.Hirose,T.Tanaki,"The preparation of porous TiO_2 by immersing Ti in NaOH solution".[J]J.Electrochem.Soc.149(11),(2002),pp.D167-D171.
[26]S.Tanaka,N.Hirose,T.Tanaki,"Effect of the temperature and concentration of NaOH on the formation of porous TiO_2",[J]J.Electrochem.Soc.,152(12),(2005),pp.C789-C794.
[27]J.R.Scully,"Polarization Resistance Method for Determination of Instantaneous Corrosion Rates",[J]Corrosion,56,(2000),pp.199-202.
[28]J.C.Myland,K.B.Oldham,"Which of three voltammetric methods,when applied to a reversible electrode reaction,can best cope with double-layer capacitance and severe uncompensated resistance",[J]Anal.Chem.,72,(2000),pp.3210-3217.
[29]G.A.Ragoisha,A.S.Bondarenko,"Electrochemistry:New research potentiodynamic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy",M.Nunez(Ed.),[M]Nova Science Publ.,New York,(2005),Chapter 3:pp.51-75.
[30]S.Panayotis,E.Karagiannidou,A.-Eleni Magoula,"Influence of titanium dioxide pigments on the photodegradation of paraloid acrylic resin",[J]Studies in Conservation,48,(2003),pp.57-64.
[31]L.Zhao,Y.Yun,S.Lixin,H.Xinfang,"Synthesis and characterization of nanostructured Titania film for photocatalysis"[J]Appl.Surf.Sci.,239,(2005),pp.285-291.
[32]T.E.Doll,F.H.Frimmd,"Cross-flow microfiltration with periodical back-washing for photocatalytic degradation of pharmaceutical and diagnostic residues-evaluation of the long-term stability of the photocatalytic activity of TiO_2",[JI Water Res.,39,(2005),pp.847-854.
[33]J.Kirchnerova,M.L.Herrera,C.Guy,D.Klvana,"Photocatalytic oxidation of n-butanol under fluorescent visible light lamp over commercial TiO_2(hombicat UV100and Degussa P25)",[J]Appl.Catal.A,282,(2005),pp.321-332.
[34]D.Vione,M.E.Carlotti,"Inhibition of the photocatalytic degradation of benzoic and salicylic acid by nontoxic aromatic compounds"[J]J.Dispersion Sci.Technoi.,26(2),(2005),pp.163-168.
[35]O.Toshiaki,I.Mitsunobu,T.Hiroaki,A.Tomoki,et al.,"Low-temperature synthesis of anatase-brookite composite nanocrystals:the junction effect on photocatalytic activity"[J]J.Col.Inteff.Sci.,281(2),(2005),pp.510-513.
[36]K.M.Gopal,M.A.Carvalho,O.K.Varghese,M.V.Pishko,C.A.Grimes,"A room-temperature TiO_2-nanotube hydrogen sensor able to self-clean photoactively from environmental contamination",[J]J.Mater.Res.,19(2)(2004),pp.628-631.
[37]Loddo V,Marci G,Martin C,"Preparation and characterisation of TiO_2(anatase)supported on TiO_2(rutile) catalysts employed for 4-nitrophenol photodegradation in aqueous medium and comparison with TiO_2(anatase) supported on Al_2O_3",[J]Appl Catal B:Environ,20,(1999),pp.29-45.
[38]H.Ma,L.F.Liu,F.L.Yang,X.W.Zhang,et al.,"Immobilized TiO_2 and Its Photocatalytic Application in Removing Nitrogen from Water",[J]Photogr.Sci.Photochem.,24,(2006),pp.17-27.
[39]H.D.Jang,K.Seong-Kil,K.Seung-Jin,"Effect of particle size and phase composition of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on the photocatalytic properties",[J]J.Nanopartilce Res.,3(2-3),(2001),pp.141-147.
[40]高濂.纳米氧化钛光催化材料及应用[M].化学工业出版社,(2002),vol.7,pp.39-53.
[41]V.Augugliaro,V.Loddo,L.Palmisano,M Schiavello,"Performance of Heterogeneous photocatalytic systems:influence of operational variables on photoactivity of aqueous suspension of TiO_2",[J]J.Catal.,153(1),(1995),pp.32-40.
[42]W.Gopel,J.A.Anderson,D.Frankel,M.Jaehnig,K.Phillips,J.A.Schafer,G.Rocker,"Surface defects of TiO_2(110):a combined XPS,XAES and ELS study",[J]Surf Sci.,139,(1984),pp.333-346.
[43]J.K.Burdett,T.Hughbanks,G.J.Miller,J.W.Richardson,J.V.Smith,"Structural-Electronic Relationships in Inorganic Solids:Powder Neutron Diffraction Studies of the Rutile and Anatase Polymorphs of Titanium Dioxide at 15K and 295K",[J]J.Am.Chem.Soc.,109,(1987),pp.3639-3646.
[44]G.B.Ekoko,S.Jianian,S.XianRong,L.Dong,L.Moucheng,S.Juan,Y.Shudian,
"Photocatalytic activity of manganese,chromium and cobalt doped-anatase TiO_2nanoporous electrodes produced bv re-anodization method",[J]Thin Solid Films,515(13),(2007),pp.5287-5297
[45]G.B.Ekoko,S.Jianian,S.XianRong,L.Dong,L.Moucheng,"A Three- Step Electrochemical method designed for the production of nickel and platinum doped-TiO_2multi-nanoporous thin-film electrodes:An Application in the degradation of acid red G",[J]Journal of Harzadous Materials,(2007),(article accepted and in press)
[46]O.Han-Jun,L.Jong-Ho,Y.Jeong,K.Beom-Su et al.,"Influnence of electrolytic mediums on the microstructures of anodic titania",[J]Solid State Phenomena,124-126,(2007),pp.1773-1776.
[47]Y.Mohd,D.Pletcher,"The influence of deposition conditions and dopant ions on the structure,activity and stability of lead dioxide anode coatings",[J]J,Electrochem.Soc.,152,(2005),pp.D97-D102.
[48]http://www.mc.mat.shibaura-it.ac.jp/～plaza/chap331.html(as on 2005.01.12).
[49]J.P.O'Sullivan,G.C.Wood,"The morphology and mechanism of formation of porous anodic films on alummium",[J]Proceedings of the Royal Society of London.Series A,317(1531),(1970),pp.511-543.
[50]V P Parkhutik,V I Shershulsky,"Theoretical modelling of porous oxide growth on aluminium",[J]J.Phys.D,25,(1992),pp.1258-1263.
[51]W.Sujarid,P.Pongkao,D.Durreutai,Y.Yasuaki,T.Wotanabe et al.,"Direct fabrication of TiO_2 nanoparticles deposited on hydroxyapatite crystals under mild hydrothermal conditions",[J]J.Nanosci.Nanotech.,5(6),(2005),pp.875-879.
[52]B.Yang,M.Uchida,H.M.Kim,X.Zhang,T.Kokubo,"Preparation of bioacave titanium metal via anodic oxidation treatment",[J]Biomaterials,25(6),(2004),pp.1003-1010.
[53]A.Mills,S.L.Hunte,"An overview of semiconductor photocatalysis",[J]J Photochem.Photobiol.A,108,(1997),pp.1-35.
[54]J.C.Yu,H.Y.Tang,J.G.Yu et al.,"Bactericidal and photocatalytic activities of TiO_2 thin films prepared by sol-gel and reverse micelle methods",[J]J Photochem.Photobiol.A,153,(2002),pp.211-19.
[55]A.Fujishima,N.T.Rao,D.A.Tryk,"Titanium dioxide photocatalysis",IJ]J Photochem.Photobiol.C,1,(2000),pp.1-21.
[56]Q.H.Zhang,L.Gao,J.K.Guo,"Effects of calcination on the photocatalytic properties of nanosized TiO_2 powders prepared hy TiCl_4 hydrolysis",[J]Appl.Catal,B,26,(2000),pp.207-15.
[57]J.C.Yu,J.G.Yu,L.F.Liu el al.,"Enhanced photocatalytic activity of mesoporous and ordinary TiO_2 thin films by sulfuric acid treatment",[J]Appl.Catal.B,36,(2002),pp.31-43.
[58]H.Okuyama,K.Honma,S.Ohno,"Photocatalytic activity of ultrafine TiO_2 particles synthesized by an RF plasma CVD",[J]J.Japan Inst.Metals,63(1),(1999),pp.74-81.
[59]L.Zhao,Y.Yu,L.Song,X.Hu,A.Larbot,"Synthesis and characterization of nanostructured titania film for photocatalysis",[J]Appl.Surf.Sci.,239(3-4)(2005),pp.285-291.
[1]J.Zhu,F.Chen,J.Zhang,H.Chen,M.Anpo,"Fe~(3+)-TiO_2 photocatalysts prepared by combining sol-gel method with hydrothermal treatment and their characterization",[J]J.Photochem.Photobiol.A,180,(2006),pp.196-204.
[2]L.Sung-Hwan,W.M.Sigmund,"Synthesis of anatase-silver nanocomposite fibers via electrospinning",[J]J.Nanosci.Nanotechnol.,6(2),(2006),pp.554-557.
[3]J.G.Yu,H.G.Yu,C.H.Ao,S.C.Lee,J.C.Yu,W.K.Ho,"Preparation,Characterization and Photocatalytic Activity of in-situ Fe-doped TiO_2 Thin Films",[J]Thin Solid Films,496,(2006),pp.273-280.
[4]M.Hirano,K.Matsushima,"Effect of Niobium on the Structure and Photoactivity of Anatase(TiO_2) Nanoparticles",[J]J.Nanosci.Nanoteehnol.,6,(2006),pp.762-770.
[5]A.Socha,E.Chrzescijanska,E.Kusmierek,"Photoelectrochemical treatment of 1-amino-8-hydroxynaphthalene-3,6-disulphonic acid at electrode covered with TiO_2/RuO_2",[J]Dyes and Pigments,71,(2006),pp.19-25.
[6]L.Wu,J.C.Yu,X.Z.Fu,"Characterization and photocatalytic mechanism of nanosized CdS Coupled TiO_2 nanocrystals under visible light irradiation",[J]J.Mol.Catal.A,244,(2006),pp.25-32.
[7]W.K.Ho,J.C.Yu,"Sonochemical synthesis and visible light photocatalytic behavior of CdSe and CdSe/TiO_2 Nanoparticles",[J]J.Mol.Catal.A,247,(2006),pp.268-274.
[8]J.Suk Jang,S.Hee Choi,H.Park,W.Choi,J.Sung Lee,"A composite photocatalyst of CdS nanoparticles deposited on TiO_2 nanosheets"[J]J.Nanosci.Nanotechnol.,6,(2006),pp.3642-3646.
[9]J.C.Yu,G.S.Li,X.C.Wang,X.L.Hu,C.W.Leung,Z.D.Zhang,"An ordered cubic Im3m mesoporous Cr-TiO_2 visible-light photocatalyst"[J]Chem.Commun.,25,(2006),pp.2717-2719.
[10]M.A.Barakat,G.Hayes,S.I,Shah,"Effect of Cobalt doping on the phase transformation of TiO_2 nanoparticles",[J]J.Nanosci.Nanotechnol.,,10,(2005),pp.1-7.
[11]T.Hirakawa,P.V.Kamat,"Charge separation and catalytic activity of Ag at TiO_2core-shell composite clusters under UV-irradiation",[J]J.Am.Chem.Soc.,127,(2005),pp.3928-3934.
[12]A.Iwase,H.Kato,A.Kudo,"A novel photodeposition method in the presence of nitrate ions for loading of an iridium oxide cocatalyst for water splitting",[J]Chem.Lett.,34,(2005),pp.946-949.
[13]K.Moon-Sun,R.Chun-Soo,K Byung-Woo,"Effect of ferric ion added on photodegradation of alachlor in the presence of TiO_2 and UV radiation",[J]Water Res.,39,(2005),pp.525-532.
[14]M.Zhang,Z.Jin,J.Zhang,Z.Zhang,H.Dang,"Effect of calcination and reduction treatment on the photocatalytic activity of CO oxidation on Pt/TiO_2",[J]J.Mol.Catal.A,225.,(2005),pp.59-63.
[15]M.A.Barakat,H.Schaeffer,G.Hayes,S.I.Shah,"Photocatalytic degradation of 2-chlorophenol by Co-doped TiO_2 nanoparticles",[J]Appl.Catal.B,57,(2004),pp.23-3.
[16]W.Chun-Guey,C.Chia-Cheng,K.Fang-Ting,W.Jeffrey.,W.Ben-Zu,"Enhancement of the photo catalytic performance of TiO_2 catalysts via transition metal modification",[J]Catal.Today,97,(2004),pp.103-112.
[17]V.Subramanian,E.E.Wolf,P.V.Kamat,"Catalysis with TiO_2/gold nanocomposites.Effect of metal particle size on the Fermi level equilibration",[J]J.Am.Chem.Soc.,126,(2004),pp.4943-4950.
[18]S.Saktivel,M.V.Shankar,M.Palanichamy,B.Arabindoo,"D.W.Bahnemann,Enhancement of photocatalytic activity by metal deposition:Characterization and photonic efficiency of Pt,Au and Pd deposited on TiO_2 catalyst",[J]Water Res.,38.(2004),pp.3001-3008.
[19]W,Macyk,G.Burgeth,H.Kisch,"Photoelectrochemical properties of platinum(Ⅳ)chloride surface modified TiO_2",[J]Photochem Photobiol Sci.2(3),(2003),pp.322-328.
[20]E.Piera,M.I.Tejedor-Tejedor,M.E.Zom,A.Anderson,"Relationship concerning the nature and concentration of Fe(Ⅲ) species on the surface of TiO_2 particles and photocatalytic activity of the catalyst",[J]Appl.Catal.B.,46,(2003),pp.671-685.
[21]S.I.Shah,W.Li,C.P.Huang,O.Jung,C.Ni,"Study of Nd~(3+),Pd~(2+),Pt~(4+),and Fe~(3+)dopant effect on photoreactivity of TiO_2 nanoparticles",[J]Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA,.99(Suppl.2),(2002),pp.6482-6486.
[22]F.B.Li,X.Z.Li,"The enhancement of photodegradation efficiency using Pt-TiO_2catalyst",[J]Chromosphere,48,(2002),pp.1103-1111.
[23]N.Venkatram,R.Sai Santosh Kumar,D.Narayana Rao,S.K.Medda,S.De,G.De,"Nonlinear optical absorption and switching properties of gold Nanoparticle doped SiO_2-TiO_2 sol-gel films",[J]J.Nanosei.Nanotechnol.,6,(2006),pp.1990-1994.
[24]S.V Awate,N.E.Jacob,S.S.Deshpande,T.R.Gaydhankar,et al.,"Synthesis,characterization and photo catalytic degradation of aqueous eosin over Cr containing Ti/MCM-41 and SiO_2-TiO_2 catalysts using visible light",[J]J. Mol.Catal.A,226,(2005),pp.149-154.
[25]X.Zhang,Z.Minghua,L.Lecheng,"Preparation of anatase TiO_2 supported on alumina by different metal organic chemical vapor deposition methods",[J]J.Appl.Catal.A,282,(2005),pp.285-293.
[26]G.Zhenfang,G.Danying M.Jin,"Immobilization and photocatalytic activity of TiO_2nanoparticles on porous aluminium foil",[J]J.Dispers.Sci.Technol.,26(2),(2005),pp.169-171.
[27]Y.Murata,H.Tawara,H.Obata and K.Takeuchi,Air purifying pavement:Development of photocatalytic concrete blocks.J.Adv.Oxid.Technol.4(1999),pp.227-230.
[28]D.Makoto,S.Saka,H.Miyafuji,"Development Of carbonized TiO_2-woody composites for environmental cleaning",[J]Mater.Sci.Res.Int.,6,(2000),pp.15-19.
[29]D.Damitriu,A R Bally,C.Ballif,"Photocatalytic degradation of phenol by TiO_2thin films prepared by sputtering ring",[J]App.Catal.B,25,(2000),pp.83-87.
[30]O.Chihiro,A.Shigendo,O.J.Yoshiaki,"Crystallization of hydrothermally treated TiO_2 pillards in pillard montmorillonite for improvement of the photocatalytic activity",[J]Mater.Chem.,9,(1999),pp.2943-2956.
[31]Y.Matsumoto,M.Murakami,J.Zhangwu,"Combinatorial synthesis and high through put evaluation of doped TiO_2 thin films for the development of photocatalysts",[J]J.Proc.SPIE-Int.Soc.Opt.Eng.3941,(2000),pp.19-27.
[32]G.Ekoko Bakambo,S.Jianian,S.XianRong.L.Dong,Moucheng,S.Juan,Y.Shudian,"Photocatalytic activity of manganese,chromium and cobalt doped-anatase TiO_2 nanoporous electrodes produced by re-anodization method".[J]Thin Solid Films,515(13),(2007),pp.5287-5397.
[33]G.Ekoko Bakambo,Jianian Shen,XianRong Sun,Dong Liu,Moucheng Li,Juan Sun,"A Three- Step Electrochemical method designed for the production of nickel and platinum doped- TiO2 multi-nanoporous thin-film electrodes:An Application in the degradation of acid red G",J.Harzad.Mater.(article accepted)
[34]S.Jianian,L.Moucheng,L.Dong,S.XianRong,G.Ekoko Bakambo,Y.Shudian,B.Wan,"Effects of applied bias and dopants on the photocatalytic degradation of aqueous dye solution by TiO_2/Ti electrode".[J]Materials Science Forum,Vols.539-543,(2007),pp.2240-2245.
[35]S.XianRong,S.Jianian,G.Ekoko Bakambo,L.Dong,L.Moucheng,S.Juan,"Effet of Applied anodic potential bias on Ti/TiO_2 electrode upon photocatalytic degradation of Methylene Blue",[J]Rare Metals Materials and Engineering,35(11),(2006),pp.1770-1774.
[36]C.A.Morris,M L Anderson,R M Stroud,"Silica sol as nanoglue:Flexible synthesis of composite aerogels",[J]Science,23.(1999),pp.622-624.
[37]D Byun,Y Yin,D Kirn,"Photocatalytic TiO_2 deposition by chemical vapor deposition".[J]J.Hazard.Mater.,73,(2000),pp.199-203.
[38]L.Davydov,F.P.Amaat,S.P.George,"Photocatalytic degradation of organic compounds",[M]U.S Patent N_0.6585863,1 Jul.2003.
[39]H.B.Michaelson,"The work function of the elements and its periodicity",[J]J.Appl.Phys.,48(11),(1977),pp.4729.
[40]T.Sasaki,N.Koshizaki,J.W.Yoon,K.M.Beck,"Preparation of Pt/TiO_2nanocomposite thin films by pulsed laser deposition and their photoelectrochemical behaviors",[J]J.Photochem.Photobiol.A,145,(2001),pp.11-16.
[41]G.L.Zhao,H.Kozuka,T.Yoko,"Sol-gel preparation and photoelectrochemical properties of TiO_2 films containing Au and Ag metal particles",[J]Thin Solid Films,277,(1996),pp.147-154.
[42]C.Nordling,J.Osterman,"Physics Handbook for Science and Engineering",6~(th)Edition,[M]Lund Publisher,Sweden,(1999).
[43]J Richard,S R Lewis,"Hawley's condensed chemical dictionary",12~(th) Edition,[M]Van Nostrand Reinhold Company,New York,(1993).
[44]M.Muller,T.I.Kamins,"Device Electronics for Integrated Circuits",2~(nd) Edition,[M]Wiley & Sons,(1986),Chapter 3.
[45]S.M.Sze,"Physics of Semiconductor Devices",2~(nd) Edition,[M]Wiley & Sons,(1981),Chapter 5.
[46]A.M.Baraka,H.A.Hamed,H.H.Shaarawy,"Electrodeposition of rhodium metal on titanium substrates",[J]Anti-Corros.Method.Mater.49(4),(2002),pp.282-286.
[47]I.Vrublevsky,V.Parkoun,V.Sokol,J.Schreckenbach,"Study of chemical dissolution of the barrier oxide layer of porous alumina films formed in oxalic acid using a re-anodizing technique",[J]Appl.Surf.Sci.236,(2004),pp.270-277.
[48]I.Vrublevsky,V.Parkoun,J.Schreckenbach,G.Max,"Study of porous oxide film growth on aluminum in oxalic acid using a re-anodizing technique",[J]Appl.Surf.Sci.227,(2004),pp.282-292.
[49]I.Vrublevsky,V.Parkoun,V.Sokol,J.Schreckenbach,G.Max,"The study of the volume expansion of aluminum during porous oxide formation at galvanostatic regime"[J]Appl.Surf.Sci.,222,(2004),pp.215-225.
[50]O.John,B.N.Stephen,D.Sarah,"Azo dye location in textiles:a novel UV-vis approach",[J]Color.Technol,121(5),(2005),pp.237-244.
[51]J.R.Birch,T.D.Burieigh,"Oxides Formed on Titanium by Polishing,Etching,Anodizing,or Thermal Oxidizing",[J]Corrosion,56(12),(2000),pp.1233-1241.
[52]R.Palombari,M.Ranchella,C.Rol,G.V.Sebastiani,"Oxidative photoelectrochemical technology with Ti /TiO_2 anodes".[J]Sol.Energ.Mat.Sol.Cell.71,(2002),pp.359-368.
[53]T.Ohsaka,F.Izumi,Y.Fujiki,"Raman spectrum of anatase,TiO_2",[J]J.Raman Spectrosc.,7,(1978),pp.321-324.
[54]U.Balachandran,N.G.Eror,"Raman spectra of titanium dioxide",[J]J.Solid State Chem,42(1982),pp.276-282.
[55]J.Y.Shi,W.H.Leng,W.C.Zhu,J.Q.Zhang,C.N.Cao,"Electrochemically Assisted Photocatalytic Oxidation of Nitrite over Cr-Doped TiO_2 under Visible Light",[J]Chem.Eng.Technol.,29(1),(2006),pp,146-154.
[56]T.A.McMurray,J.A.Byme,P.S.M Dunlop,E.T.McAdams,"Photocatalytic and electrochemically assisted photocatalytic oxidation of formic acid on TiO_2 films under UVA and UVB irradiation",[J]J.Appl.Electrothem.,35,(2005),pp.723-731.
[57]C.Junshui,L.Meichuan,Z.Jidong,Y.Xiangyang et al.,"Photocatalytic degradation of organic wastes by electrochemically assisted TiO_2 photocatalytic system ",[J]J.Environ.Manage,70(1),(2004),pp.43-47.
[55]C.He,Y.Xiong'Z.Xihai,"A novel method for improving photocatalytic activity of TiO_2 film:the combination of Ag deposition with application of external electric field",[J]Thin Solid Films,422,(2002),pp.235-238.
[59]A.Taicheng,Z.Xihai,Y.Xiong,"Synergic degradation of reactive brilliant red X-3B using three dimension electrode-photocatalytic reactor",[J]Mater.Phys.Mech.,4,(2001),pp 101-106.
[60]A.Taicheng,L.Guiying,Y.Xiong,"Photoelectrochemical degradation of methylene blue with nano TiO_2 under high potential bias",[J]J.Environ.Sci.Health A:36(10),(2001),pp 2069-2082.
[61]K.Vinodgopal,P.V.Kamat,"Electrochemically assisted photocatalysis using nanocrystalline semiconductor thin films",[J]Sol.Energy Mater.Sol.Calls 38,(1995),pp.401-410.
[62]K.Vinodgopal,U.Stafford,K.A.Gray,P.V.Kamat,"Electrochemically Assisted Photolysis.Ⅱ.The Role of Oxygen and Reaction Intermediates in the Degradation of 4-chlorophenol on Immobilized TiO_2 Particulate Films",[J]J.Phys.Chem.,98,(1994),pp.6797-6803.
[63]A.Fujishima,K.Honda,"Electrochemical Photolysis of Water at a Semiconductor Electrode",[J]Nature,238,(1972),pp.37-38.
[64]S.Matsuo,N.Sakaguchi,E.Obuchi,K.Nakano,R.et al.,,"X-ray absorption spectral analyses by theoretical calculations for TiO2/ and Ni-Doped TiO2/thin films on glass plates",[J]Anal.Sci..,17(1),(2001),pp.148-153.
[65]N.R.de Tacconi,M.Mrkic,K.Rajeshwar,"Photoelectrochemical oxidation of aqueous sulfite on Ni-TiO_2 composite film electrodes",[J]Langmuir,16,(2000),pp.8426-8430.
[66]N.R.de Tacconi,C.A.Boyle.K.Rajeshwar,"Surface morphology/composition and photo-electrochemical Behavior of Metal-Semiconductor Composite Films",[J]Langmuir,16,(2000),pp.5672-5776.
[67]N.R.de Tacconi,H.Wenren,D.Mc Chesney,K.Rajeshwar."Photoelectrochemical oxidation of formate ions on nickel-titanium dioxide nanocomposite electrodes:unusual high current doubling yields and manifestation of a site proximity effect",[J]Langmuir,14(1995),pp.2933-2936.
[68]N.R.de Tacconi,J.Carmona,K.Rajeshwar,"Chemically modified Ni/TiO_2nanocomposite films:charge transfer from photoexcited TiO_2 particles to hexacyanoferrate redox centers within the film and unusual photoelectrochemical behavior",[J]J.Phys.Chem.B,101,(1997),pp.10151-10154.
[69]D.A.Pena,B.S.Uphade,P.G.Smimiotis,"TiO_2-supported metal oxide catalysts for low-temperature selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH_3I.Evaluation and characterization of first row transition metals",[J]J.Catal.,221(2),(2004),pp.421-431.
[70]J.J.Criado,B.Macias,C.Martin,V.Rives,"Physicochemical characterization of oxide Co-TiO_2 and Mn-TiO_2 systems",[J]J.Mater.Sci.,20(4),(1984),pp.1427-1430.
[71]P.V.Kamat,Photophysical,"Photochemical and Photocatalytic Aspects of Metal Nanoparticles",[J]J.Phys.Chem.B,106,(2002),pp.7729-7744.
[72]H.Gerischer,A.Heller,"The role of oxygen in photooxidation of organic molecules on semiconductor particles",[J]J.Phys.Chem.95,(1991),pp.5261-5267.
[73]A.Linsbigler,C.Rusu,Y.T.Yates,"Absence of Platinum Enhancement of a Photoreaction on TiO_2-CO Photooxidation on Pt/TiO_2(110)",[J]J.Am.Chem.Soc.,118,(1996),pp.5284-5289.
[74]P.V.Kamat,"Photoinduced transformation in semiconductor-metal nanocomposite assemblies",[J]Pure Appl.Chem.,74,(2002),pp.1693-1706.
[75]D.Liu,R.W.Fessenchen,G.L.Hug,P.V.Kamat,"Dye Capped Semiconductor Nanoclusters.Role of Back Electron Transfer in the Photosensitization of SnO_2Nanocrystallites with Cresyl Violet Aggregates",[J]J.Phys.Chem.B,101,(1997),pp.2583-2590.
[76]F.Meschke,F.Dias,J.Tietz,"Porous Ni/TiO_2 substrates for planar solid oxide fuel cell applications",[J]J.Mater.Sci.,36,(2001),pp.5719-5728.
[77]H.Yamashima,Y.Ichihashi,M.Takeuchi,S.Kishiguchi,M.Anpo,"Characterization of metal ion-implanted titanium oxide photocatalysts operating under visible light irradiation",[J]J.Synchroton Radiat.6,(1999),pp.451-452.
[78]S.Yin,W.Jihuai,I.Daisuke,OTatsuya,T.Sato,"Synthesis and photochemical properties of HTaWO_6/(Pt,TiO_2) nanocomposite under visible light irradiation",[J]Composite Interfaces,11(2),(2004),pp.195-204.
[79]H.Kozuka,G.Zhao,S.Sakka,"Control of optical properties of gel-derived oxide coating films containing fine metal particles",[J]J.Sol-Gel Sci.Technol.,2,(1994),pp.741-744.
[80]B.O'Regan,M.Gratzel,"A low-cost,high-efficiency solar cell based on dye-sensitized colloidal TiO_2 films",[J]Nature,353.(1991),pp.737-740.
[81]K Hiehata,A Sasahara,H Onishi,"Local work function analysis of Pt/TiO_2photocatalyst by a Kelvin probe force microscope",[J]Nanotechnology,18(8),(2007),pp.84007.
[1]M.A Brown,C.S.DeVito,"Predicting Azo Dye Toxicity",[J]Crit.Rev.Env.Sci..,23,(1993),pp.249-324.
[2]S.J.Perey,L.Brian,C.Pei,H.Chin-Pao,C.K.Daniel,"Enhanced Biodegradation of Azo Dyes Using an Integrated Elemental Iron-Activated Sludge System:Ⅱ.Effects of Physical-Chemical Parameters",[J]Water Environ.Res.78,(2006),pp.26-30.
[3]O.John,B.N.Stephen,D.Sarah,"Azo dye location in textiles:a novel UV-vis approach",[J]Color.Technol.,121(5),(2005),pp.237-244.
[4]W.Rongcheng,Q.Jiuhui,"Removal of azo dye by magnetite adsorption-Fenton oxidation",[J]Water Environ.Res.76,(2004),pp 2637-2640.
[5]M.T.Wong,W.T.Liu,"Microbial succession of glycogen accumulating organisms in an anaerobic-aerobic membrane bioreactor with no phosphorus removal",[J]Water Sci.Technol.54(1),(2006),pp.29-37.
[6]K.Okawa,T.Y.Tsai,Y.Nakano,W.Nishijima,M.Okada,"Effects of metal ions on decomposition of chlorinated organic substances by ozonation in acetic acid",[J]Chemosphere,58(4),(2005),pp.523-527.
[7]K.M.Lee,P.E.Lim,"Bioregeneration of powdered activated carbon in the treatment of alkyl-substituted phenolic compounds in simultaneous adsorption and biodegradation processes",[J]Chemosphere,58(4),(2005),pp.407-416.
[8]S.J.Zhang,H.Q.Yu,Q.R.Li,"Radiolytic degradation of acid orange 7:a mechanistic study",[J]Chemosphere,61(7),(2005),pp.1003-1011.
[9]W.M.Von Zharen,"ISO 14001:Positioning Your Organization for Environmental Success",[M]Rowman & Littlefield Pub Inc,2001.
[10]S.Teekateerawej,J.Nishino,Y.Nosaka,"Design and evaluation of photocatalytic micro-channel reactors using TiO_2-coated porous ceramics",[J]J.Photochem.Photobiol.A,179(3),(2006),pp.263-268.
[11]D.Fabbri,L.S.Villata,A.B.Prevot,A.L.Capparelli,E.Pramauro,"Photocatalytic degradation of DNOC in aqueous TiO_2 dispersions:Investigation of the initial reaction steps",[J]J.Photochem.Photobiol.A,180(1-2),(2006),pp.157-164.
[12]C.C.Chen,C.S.Lu,Y.C.Chung,"Photocatalytic degradation of ethyl violet in aqueous solution mediated by TiO_2 suspensions",[J]J.Photochem.Photobiol.A,181(1),(2006),pp.120-125.
[13]N.Guettai,H.Ait Amar,"Photocatalytic oxidation of methyl orange in presence of titanium dioxide in aqueous suspension.Pat Ⅰ:Parametric study",[J]Desalination 185,(2005),pp.427-437.
[14]C.Bauer,P.Jacques,A.Kalt,"Investigation of the interaction between a sulfonated azo dye(AO7) and a TiO_2 surface",[J]Chem.Phys.Lett.307,(1999),pp.397-406.
[15]G.Ekoko Bakambo,S.Jianian,S.XianRong,L.Dong,Moucheng,S.Juan,Y.Shudian,"Photocatalytic activity of manganese,chromium and cobalt doped-anatase TiO_2 nanoporous electrodes produced by re-anodization method".[J]Thin Solid Films,515(13),(2007),pp.5287-5397.
[16]G.Ekoko Bakambo,Jianian Shen,XianRong Sun,Dong Liu,Moucheng Li,Juan Sun,"A Three-Step Electrochemical method designed for the production of nickel and platinum doped-TiO_2 multi-nanoporous thin-film electrodes:An Application in the degradation of acid red G",J.Harzad.Mater.(article accepted)
[17]C Sawyer,P McCarty,G Parkin,"Chemistry for Environmental Engineering and Science".5th ed,[M]McGraw-Hill,New York,2003.
[18]H Lacheheb,E Puzenat,A Houas,"Photocatalytic degradation of various types of dyes(Alizarin S,Crocein Orange G,Methyl Red,Congo Red,Methylene Blue) in water by UV-irradiated titania",[J]Appl.Catal.B:Envrion,39,(2002),pp.75-90.
[19]PV.Kamat,"Photophysical,Photochemical and Photocatalytic Aspects of Metal Nanoparticles",[J]J.Phys.Chem.B,106,(2002),pp.7729-7744.
[20]D.Liu,R.W.Fessenchen,G.L.Hug,P.V.Kamat,"Dye Capped Semiconductor Nanoclusters.Role of Back Electron Transfer in the Photosensitization of SnO_2Nanocrystallites with Cresyl Violet Aggregates",[J]J.Phys.Chem.B,101,(1997),pp.2583-2590.
[21]J.L.Richard,"Condensed Chemical Dictionary",14th Edition,G.H.Gessner (Ed),[M]John Wiley & Sons,Canada,2001.
[22]T.Sasaki,N.Koshizaki,J.W.Yoon,K.M.Beck,"Preparation of Pt/TiO_2nanocomposite thin films by pulsed laser deposition and their photoelectrochemical behaviors",[J]J.Photochem.Photobiol.A,145,(2001),pp.11-16.
[23]G.L.Zhao,H.Kozuka,T.Yoke,"Sol-gel preparation and photoelectrochemical properties of TiO_2 films containing Au and Ag metal particles",[J]Thin Solid Films ,277,(1996),pp.147-154.
[24]F.B.Li,X.Z.Li,"The enhancement of photodegradation efficiency using Pt-TiO_2catalyst",[J]Chromosphere,48,(2002),pp.1103-1111.
[25]H Gerischer,A Heller,"The role of oxygen in photooxidation of organic molecules on semiconductor particles",[J]J.Phys.Chem.,95,(1991),pp.5261-5267.
[26]A Linsbigler,C Rusu,Y T Yates,"Absence of Platinum Enhancement of a Photoreaction on TiO_2-CO Photooxidation on Pt/TiO_2(110)",[J]J.Am.Chem.Soc.,118,(1996),pp.5284-5289.
[27]J M Herrmann,W Mu,P Pichat,"Catalysis surface,in:Heterogeneous catalysis and fine chemicals Ⅱ",Guisnet(ed.),[M]Elsevier,Amsterdam,1999,p.405.
[28]E.Bizani,K.Fytianos,I.Poulios,V.Tsiridis,"Photocatalytic decolorization and degradation of dye solutions and wastewaters in the presence of titanium dioxide",[J]J.Hazard.Mater.,137,(2006),pp.85-94.
[29]M.Muruganandham,M.Swaminathan,"TiO2-UV photocatalytic oxidation of Reactive Yellow 14:effect of operational parameters",[J]J.Hazard.Mater.,135,(2006),pp.78-86.
[30]K.H.Chan,W.Chu,"Atrazine Removal by Catalytic Oxidation Processes with or without UV Irradiation.Part Ⅰ-Quantification and Rate Enhancement via Kinetic Study",[J]Appl.Catal.B.,58.(2005),pp.157-163.
[31]G.J.Cunningham,G.Al-Sayyed,S.Srijaranai,in:G.R.Helz,R.G.Zepp,D.G.Grosby(Ed.),"Aquatic and surface photochemistry",[M]Lewis Publisher,Boca Raton,1994,p.317.
[32]T.Ohsaka,F.Izumi,Y.Fujild,"Raman spectrum of anatase,TiO_2",[J]J.Raman Spectrosc.,7,(1978),pp.321-324.
[33]U.Balachandran,N.G.Eror,"Raman spectra of titanium dioxide",[J]J.Solid State Chem.,42,(1982),pp.276-282.
[1]W.G.Levine,"Metabolism of Azo Dyes:Implications for Detoxification and Activation",[J]Drug Metab.Rev.,23,(1991),pp.253-309.
[2]M.A Brown,C.S.DeVito,"Predicting Azo Dye Toxicity",[J]Crit Rev Environ Sci Technol.,23,(1993),pp.249-324.
[3]D.Mendez-Paz,F.Omil,J.M.Lema,"Anaerobic treatment of azo dye acid orange 7under bath conditions",[J]Enzyme Microb.Tech.,36,(2005),pp.264-272.
[4]M.M.Tauber,M.G.Guebitz,A.Rehorek,"Degradation of azo dyes by laccase and ultrasound treatment",[J]Appl Environ Microbiol.,71(5),(2005),pp.2600-2606.
[5]S.Rodriguez Couto,M.Sanroman,G.M.Gubitz,"Influence of redox mediators and metal ions on synthetic acid dye decolourization by crude laccase from Trametes hirsute",[J]Chomosphere,58(4),(2005),pp.417-422.
[6]J.Griffiths,C.Hawkins,"Oxidation by singlet oxygen of arylazonaphthols exhibiting azo-hydrazone tautomerism",[J]J.Chem.Soc.Perkin Trans.,2,(1977),pp.747-752.
[7]N.Kawashima,N.Fujimoto,K.Meguro,"Determination of critical micelle concentration of several nonionic surfactants by azo-hydrazone tautomerism of anionic dye",[J]J.Colloid Interf.Sci.,103,(1985),pp.459-465.
[8]C.Bauer,P.Jacques,A.Kalt,"Investigation of the interaction between a sulfonated azo dye(AO7) and a TiO_2 surface",[J]Chem.Phys.Lett.,307.(1999),pp.397-406.
[9]W.Feng,D.Nansheng,H.Helin,"Degradation mechanism of azo dye C.I.reactive red 2 by iron powder reduction and photooxidation in aqueous solutions",[J]Chemosphere,41,(2000),pp.1233-1238.
[10]M.T.Wong,W.T.Liu,"Microbial succession of glycogen accumulating organisms in an anaerobic-aerobic membrane bioreactor with no phosphorus removal",[J]Water Sci.Technol.,54(1),(2006),pp.29-37.
[11]K.Okawa,T.Y.Tsai,Y.Nakano,W.Nishijima,M.Okada,"Effects of metal ions on decomposition of chlorinated organic substances by ozonation in acetic acid",[J]Chemosphere,58(4),(2005),pp.523-527.
[12]K.M.Lee,P.E.Lim,"Bioregeneration of powdered activated carbon in the treatment of alkyl-substituted phenolic compounds in simultaneous adsorption and biodegradation processes",[J]Chemosphere,58(4),(2005),pp.407-416.
[13]S.J.Zhang,H.Q.Yu,Q.R.Li,"Radiolytic degradation of acid orange 7:a mechanistic study",[J]Chemosphere,61(7),(2005),pp.1003-1011.
[14]W.M.Von Zharen,Iso 14001:[M]"Positioning Your Organization for Environmental Success",Rowman & Littlefield Pub Inc,2001.
[15]S.Teekateerawej,J.Nishino,Y.Nosaka,"Design and evaluation of photocatalytic micro-channel reactors using TiO_2-coated porous ceramics",[J]J.Photochem.Photobiol.A,179(3),(2006),pp.263-268.
[16]D.Fabbri,L.S.Villata,A.B.Prevot,A.L.Capparelli,E.Pramauro,"Photocatalytic degradation of DNOC in aqueous TiO_2 dispersions:Investigation of the initial reaction steps",[J]J.Photochem.Photobiol.A,180,(2006),pp.157-164.
[17]C.C.Chen,C.S.Lu,Y.C.Chung,"Photocatalytic degradation of ethyl violet in aqueous solution mediated by TiO_2 suspensions",[J]J.Photochem.Photobiol.A,181,(2006),pp.120-125.
[18]N.Guettai,H.Ait Amar,"Photocatalytic oxidation of methyl orange in presence of titanium dioxide in aqueous suspension.Pat Ⅰ:Parametric study",[J]Desalination 185,(2005),pp.427-437.
[19]E.B.Gracien,S.Jianian,S.Xianrong,L.Dong,L.Moucheng,Y.Shudian,S.Juan,"Photocatalytic activity of manganese,Chromium and cobalt-doped anatase titanium dioxide nanoporous electrodes produced by re-anodization method",[J]Thin Solid Films,515,(2007),pp.5287-5297.
[20]E.B.Gracien,Jianian Shen,XianRong Sun,Dong Liu,Moucheng Li,Juan Sun,A "Three- Step Electrochemical method designed for the production of nickel and platinum doped-TiO_2 multi-nanoporous thin-film electrodes:An Application in the degradation of acid red G",[J]J.Hazard.Mater.,(2007),(article accepted and in press)
[21]S.Irmak,E.Kusvuran,O.Erbatur,"Degradation of 4-chloro-2-methylphenol in aqueous solution by UV irradiation in the presence of titanium dioxide",[J]Appl.Catal.B,54.(2004),pp.85-91.
[22]E.B.Gracien,Jianian Shen,XianRong Sun,Dong Liu,Moucheng Li,"Effect of additive oxidant agent on the discoloration and mineralization of acid orange 7 by using iron-doped titanium dioxide produced by re-anodization method",[J]Chem.Eng.J.,(2007),doi:10.1016/j.cej.2007.05.050.
[23]C Sawyer,P McCarty,G Parkin,[M]"Chemistry for Environmental Engineering and Science".5th ed,McGraw-Hill,New York,2003.
[24]H.Lacheheb,E.Puzenat,A.Houas,M.Ksibi,E.Elaloui,C.Guiilard,J.M.Herrmann,"Photocatalytic degradation of various types of dyes(Alizarin S,Crocein Orange G,Methyl Red,Congo Red,Methylene Blue) in water by UV-irradiated titania",[J]Appl.Catal.B,39,(2002),pp.75-90.
[25]G.Marci,V.Augugliaro,A.Bianco Prevot,C.Baiocchi et al.,"Photocatalytic Oxidation of Methyl-Orange in Aqueous Suspension:Comparison of the Performance of Different Polycrystalline Titanium Dioxide",[J]Annali di Chimica,93,(2003),pp.639-648.
[26]A.Bianeo Prevot,A.Basso,C.Baiocchi,M Pazzi,et al.,"Analytical control of photocatalytic treatment degradation of sulfonated azo dye",[J]Anal.Bioanal.Chem.,378,(2004),pp.214-220.
[27]I.Poulios,I.Tshachpinis,"Photocatalytic Decomposition of Commercial Azo Dye Reactive Black 5",[J]J.Chem.Technol.Biotechnol.,74,(1999),pp.349-352.
[28]H.Zollinger,[M]"Color chemistry,synthesis,properties and applications of organic dyes and pigments",2 nd ed.VCH Publishers,New York,1991.
[29]A.R.Patrica,M.H.Cardoso,A.Cavaco-Paulo,M.T.Ramoltho,"Characterization of azo reduction activity in a novel ascomycete yeast strain",[J]Appl.Environ.Mierobioi.,70,(2004),pp.2279-2288.
[30]W.Z.Tang,Z.Zhang,H.An,M.O.Quintana,et al.,"TiO_2/UV photodegradation of azo dyes in aqueous solutions",[J]Environ.Technol.,18,(1997),pp.1-12.
[31]C.Guillard,H.Lachhed,A.Houas,M.Ksibi,et al.,"Influence of chemical structure of dyes,of pH and of inorganic salts on their photocatalytic degradation by TiO_2comparison of the efficiency of powder and supported TiO_2",[J]Photochem.Photobiol.A,158,(2003),pp.27-36.
[32]X.Weizong,D.Raftery,"Photocatalytic oxidation of 2-propanol on TiO_2 powder and TiO_2 monolayer catalysts studied by solid-state NMR",[J]J.Phys.Chem.B.105,(2001),pp.4343-4349.
[33]F.B.Li,X.Z.Li,"The enhancement of photodegradation efficiency using Pt-TiO_2catalyst",[J]Chromosphere,48(2002),pp.1103-1111.
[34]T.Ohno,S.Izumi,K.Fujihara,Y.Masaki,M.Matsumura,"Vanishing of current-Doubling effect in photooxidation of 2-propanol on TiO_2 in solutions containing Fe (Ⅲ) ions",[J]J.Phys.Chem.B.104,(2000),pp.6801-6808.
[35]G.V.Buxton,C.L.Greenstock,W.P.Helman,A.B.Ross,"Critical review of rate constants for reactions hydrated electrons,hydrogen atoms and hydroxyl radicals in aqueous solution",[J]J.Phys.Chem.Ref.Data,17(1988),pp.513-888.
[36]H.Park,W.Choi,"Visible light and Fe(Ⅲ)-mediated degradation of acid orange 7in the absence of H_2O_2",[J]J.Photochem.Photobiol.A,159,(2003),pp.241-245.
[37]S.R.Cater,M.I.Stefan,J.R.Bolton,A.Safarzadeh-Amiri,"UV/H_2O_2 Treatment of Methyl tert-Butyl Ether in Contaminated Waters",[J]Environ.Sci.Technol.,34,(2000),pp.659-662.
[38]A.Sakthivel,M.V.Shankar,M.Palanichamy,B.Arabindoo,D.W.Bahnemann,V.Murugesan,"Enhanced photocatalytic activity by metal deposition:Characterisation and photonic efficiency of Pt,Au and Pd deposited on TiO_2catalyst",[J]Water Res.,38.(2004),pp.3001-3009.
[39]C.Zhu,L.Wang,L.Kong,X.Yaag et al.,"Photocatalytic degradation of azo dyes by supported TiO_2+UV in aqoueous solution",[J]Chemosphere,41.(2000),pp.303-309.
[40]H.Hidaka,T.Koike,N.Serpone,"Photocatalytic degradation of surfactants.XX.Photooxidation of sodium butylnaphthalenesulfonates",[J]J.Oleo.Sci.,52(5)(2003),pp.245-253.
[41]I.K.Konstantinou,T.A.Albanis,"TiO_2-assisted photocatalytic degradation of azo dyes in aqueous solution:kinetic and mechanistic investigations",[J]Appl.Catal.B Environ.,49,(2004),pp.1-14.
[42]V.Kamat,"Photoinduced transformation in semiconductor-metal nanocomposite assemblies",[J]Pure Appl.Chem.,74,(2002),pp.1693-1706.
[43]G.J.Cunningham,G.Al-Sayyed,S.Srijaranai,in:G.R.Helz,R.G.Zepp,D.G.Grosby (Ed.),"Aquatic and surface photochemistry",Lewis Publisher,Boca Raton,1994,p.317.
[2]D.M.Blake,"Bibliography of work on the heterogeneous photocatalytic removal of hazardous compounds from water and air",in:National Technical Information Service,US Department of Commerce,[M]Springfield,VA,USA,Update no.4 to October(2001).
[3]D.M.Blake,"Bibliography of work on the photocatalytic removal of hazardous compounds from water and air",in:National Technical Information Service,US Department of Commerce,[M]Springfield,VA,USA,Update no.3 to January
[4]CM.Carliell,SJ.Barclay,N.Naidoo,CA.Buckley,DA.Mulholland,E.Senior,"Microbial decolourisation of a reactive azo dye under anaerobic conditions",[J]Water SA,21.(1995),pp.61-69.
[5]D.Mendez-Paz,F.Omil,J.M.Lema,"Anaerobic treatment of azo dye acid orange 7under bath conditions ",[J]Enzyme Microb.Teeh.,36,(2000),pp.264-272.
[6]G.L.Baughman,E.J.Weber,"Transformation of dyes and related compounds in anoxic sediment:kinetics and products",[J]Environ.Sci.Tech.,28,(1994),pp.267-276.
[7]MF.Coughlin,BK.Kinkle,PL.Bishop,"High performance degradation of azo dye acid orange 7 and sulfanilic acid in a laboratory scale reactor after seeding with cultured bacterial strains",[J]Water Res.,.37,(7,003),pp.2757-2763.
[8]M.M.Tauber,M.G.Guebitz,A.Rehorek,"Degradation of azo dyes by laccase and ultrasound treatment",[J]Appl.Environ.Mierobiol.,71,(2005),pp.2600-2607.
[9]S.Roddguez Couto,MA.Sanroman,G.M.Gubitz,"Influence of redox mediators and metal ions on synthetic acid dye decolourization by crude laccase from Trametes hirsuta",[J]Chemosphere,58,(2005),pp.417-422.
[10]F.Ahmad,J.B.Hughes,"Anaerobic transformation of TNT by clostridium",in:Chapter 8 of Metabolism of nitroaromatics and explosive compounds,J.Spain,H.Knackmuss,and J.B.Hughes(Eds),[M]CRC Press,Boca Raton,FL,(2000).
[11]M.T.Wong,W.T.Liu,"Microbial succession of glycogen accumulating organisms in an anaerobic-aerobic membrane bioreactor with no phosphorus removal",[J]Water Sci.Technol.,54(2006),pp.29-37.
[12]A.Heinfling,M.Bergbauer,U.Szewzyk,"Biodegradation of azo and phthalocyanine dyes by trametes versicolor and bjerkandera adusta",[J]Appl.Mierobiol.Bioteehnol,48(1997),pp.261-266.
[13]A.Zille,B.Gomacka,A.Rehorek,A.Cavaco-Paulo,"Degradation of azo dyes by trametes villosa laccase over long periods of oxidative conditions",[J]Appl.Environ.Mierobiol,71,(2005),pp.6711-6718.
[14]M.S.Christian,R.G.York,A.M.Hoberman,R.M.Diener,L.C.Fisher,,G.A.Gates,"Biodisposition of dibromoacetic acid(DBA) and bromodichloromethane (BDCM) administered to rats and rabbits in drinking water during range-finding reproduction and developmental toxicity studies ".[J]Int,J.Toxicol.,20,(2001),pp.239-253.
[15]M.D.Ioannis,G.Sotirios,"Municipal-wastewater treatment using up flow-anaerobic filters ",[J]Water Environ.Res,78,(2006),pp.233-242.
[16]C.B.Ersu,W.Braida,K.P.Chao,S.K.Ong,"Ultrafiltration of ink and latex wastewater using cellulose membranes",[J]Desalination,164,(2004),pp.63-70.
[17]G.Tiravanti,D.Petruzzelli,R.Passino,"Pretreatment of tannery wastewaters by an ion exchange process for Cr(Ⅲ) removal and recovery",[J]Water Sci.Teehnol.36,(1997),pp.197-207.
[15]U.Yetis,S.Ataberk,C.F.Gokcay,S.M.Sahin,"Characterization of effluents from chlorine dioxide substitution bleaching and oxygen-reinforced extraction",[J]Water Sci.Technol.36,(1997),pp.353-360.
[19]K.O.Thomsen,K.D.Chaudhry,R.R.Riesing,"Ground water remediation using an extraction treatment and recharge system",[J]Ground Water Monit.Rev.Winter,(1989),pp.92-99.
[20]J.A.Farley,"Technical feasibility and conceptual design.for using supercritical fluid to extract pesticides from aged soil",[J]Remediation,4,(1994),pp.301-312.
[21]N.Rao,H.E.Grethlein,C.A Reddy,"Mineralization of atrazine during composting with untreated and pretreated lignocellulosic substrates ",[J]Compost.Sci.Util.,3,(1995),pp.38-46.
[22]S.W.Rogers,S.K Ong,K.P.Chao.,"Modeling the removal of benzene NAPL under air-sparged conditions",[J]J.Environ.Eng-ASCE,.130,(2004),pp.751-758.
[23]K.M Lee,P.E Lira,"Bioregeneration of powdered activated carbon in the treatment of alkyl-substituted phenolic compounds in simultaneous adsorption and biodegradation processes",[J]Chemosphere,58,(2005),pp.407-416.
[24]M,Bjelopavlic,G.Newcombe,R.Hayes,"Adsorption of NOM onto activated carbon:Effect of surface charge,ionic strength and pore volume distribution",[J]J.Colloid Interf.Sci.,210,(1998),pp.271-280.
[25]Y.Hwang,T.Matsuo,K.Hanaki,N.Suzuki,"Removal of odorous compounds in wastewater by using activated carbon,ozonation,and aerated biofilter",[J]Water Res,28,(1994),pp.2309-2319.
[26]K.Ohkawa,T.Y.Tsai,Y.Nakano,W.Nishijima,M.Okada,"Effects of metal ions on decomposition of chlorinated organic substances by ozonation in acetic acid",[J]Chemosphere,58,(2005),pp.523-527.
[27]J.Rivera-Utrilla,J.Mendez-Diaz,M.Sanchez-Polo,M.A.Ferro-G-arcia,Ⅰ.Bautista-Toledo,"Removal of the surfactant sodium dodecylbenzenesulphonate from water by simultaneous use of ozone and powdered activated carbon:comparison with systems based on O_3 and O_3/H_2O_2",[J]Water Res.,40,(2006),pp.1717-1725.
[28]N Serpone,"Brief Introductory Remarks on Heterogeneous Photocatalysis",[J]Sol.Energ.Mat.Sol.Cell,,38,(1995),pp.369-371.
[29]S.KV.Rao,M.Subrahmanyam,P.Boule,"Photocatalytic transformation of dyes and by-products in the presence of hydrogen peroxide ",[J]Environ.Technoi.,24,(2003),pp.1025-1030.
[30]L.L.Bissey,J.L.Smith,R.J.Watts,"Soil organic matter-hydrogen peroxide dynamics in the treatment of contaminated soils and groundwater using catalyzed H_2O_2 propagations(modified Fenton's reagent)",[J]Water Res.,40,(2006),pp.2477-2484.
[31]J.Wang,T.Ma,Z.Zhang,Z.Xiangdong,Y.Jiang,Z.Pan,F.Wen,P.Kang,P.Zhang,"Investigation on the sonocatalytic degradation of methyl orange in the presence of nanometer anatase and futile TiO_2 powders and comparison of their sonocatalytic activities",[J]Desalination,195,(2006),pp.294-305.
[32]M.M.Tauber,G.M.Guebitz,A.Rehorek,"Degradation of azo Dyes by laccase and ultrasound treatment",[J]Appl.Environ.Microbiol.,71,(2005),pp.2600-2607.
[33]J.M.Joseph,H.Destaillats,H.-M.Hung,M.R.Hoffmann.,"The sonochemical degradation of azobenzene and related azo dyes:rate enhancements via Fenton's reactions",[J]J.Phys.Chem.A,104,(2000),pp.301-307.
[34]J.P.Gareth,A.Muthupandian,H.Mark,Z.Bajram,F.Grieser,"Acoustic emission from cavitation solutions:implications for the mechanism of sonochemical reactions",[J]J.Phys.Chem.B.,109,(2005),pp.17799-17801.
[35]N.Stock,j.Peller,K.Vinodgopal,P.V.Kamat,"Combinative sonolysis and photocatalysis for textile dye degradation",[J]Environ.Sci.Technol.,34,(2000),pp.1747-1750.
[36]Pellet,O.Wiest,P.V.Kamat,"Sonolysis of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in aqueous solutions:Evidence for OH radical mediated degradation",[J]J.Phys.Chem.,105,(2001),pp.3176-3181.
[37]S.J.Zhang,H.Q Yu,Q.R.Li,"Radiolytic degradation of acid orange 7:a mechanistic study",[J]Chemosphere,61(2005),pp.1003-1011.
[38]J.Pellet,P.V.Kamat,"Radiolytic Transformations of Chlorinated Phenols and Chlorinated Phenoxyacetic Acids",[J]J.Phys.Chem.A,109,(2005),pp.9525-9535.
[39]A.F.Olunkule,Z.Ruimin,Z.Jian-hua,G.B.Ekoko,"Effet of electron beam irradiation on the degradation of monochlorophenols in aqueous solution",[J]J.Environ.Sci.,17(2005),pp.301-304.
[40]J.R.Bolton,S.R.Cater,"Homogeneous photodegradation of pollutants in contaminated water:an introduction.,in:Aquatic and Surface Photocemistry,G.R.Helz,R.G.Zepp,D.G.Grosby(eds.),[M]Lewis Publishers:Boca Raton ,(1994),pp.476-490.
[41]F.J.Beltran,J.M.Eacinar,J.Gonzalez,"Industrial wastewater advanced oxidation,ozone combined with hydrogen peroxide or UV radiation",[J]Water Res.,31,(1997),pp.2415-2448.
[42]P.Robertson,"Semiconductor photocatalysis:an environmentally acceptable alternative production technique and effluent treatment process",[J]J.Cleaner Prod.4(3-4),(1996),pp.203-212.
[43]A.Watanabe,H.Kozuka,"Photoanodic properties of sol-gel-derived Fe_2O_2 thin films containing dispersed Au and Ag particles",[J]J.Phys.Chem.B,107,(2003),pp.12713-12720.
[44]G.B.Ekoko.,Z.Ruimin,X.Lihui,K.K.Lobo,L.Ilinga,"Effetcs of pH on the morphology of iron oxides synthesized under gamma irradiation ",[J]J.Radioaanal.Nucl.Chem.,270(2),(2006),p.473-478.
[45]W.L.Kostedt,J.Drwiega,DW.Mazyck,SW.Lee,W.Sigmund,C.Y.Wu,P.Chadik,"Magnetically agitated photocatalytic reactor for photocatalytic oxidation of aqueous phase organic pollutants",[J]Environ.Sci.Technol,39,(2005),pp.8052-8056.
[46]S.W.Lee,J.Drwiega,C.Y.Wu,D.Mazyck,W.Sigmund,"Anatase TiO_2nanoparttcle coating on barium ferrite using titanium his-ammonium lactato dihydroxide and its use as a magnetic photocatalyst"[J]Chem.Mater.,16,(2004),pp.1160-1164.
[47]G.B.Ekoko.,Z.Ruimin,J.Li,X.Lihui,K.Tondozi,"Synthesis of nanocomposite(Cd_x,Zn_(1-x)) S by gamma irradiation",[J]J.Radioaanal.Nud.Chem.,262(3),(2004),pp.751-754.
[48]A.Kumar,A.K.Jain,"Photophysics and photochemistry of colloidal CdS-TiO_2coupled semiconductors-photocatalytic oxidation of indole",[J]J.Mol.Catal.A:Chem.,165,(2001),pp.265-73.
[49]H.Al-Ekabi,P.De Mayo,"Surface photochemistry:Photocatalyzed olefin cis-trans equilibrium mediatedby CdS",[J]JCS Chem.Comm.,(1984),p.1231.
[50]G.B.Ekoko.,Z.Ruimin,X.Lihui,O.F.Olukunle,K.K.Lobo "Synthesis of nanocrystalline zinc sulfide in a non-aqeous system by gamma irradiation",[J]J.Radioaanal.Nucl.Chem.,265(1),(2005),pp.3-6.
[51]F.Karaean,E.Simsek,T.Togrul,"Photocatalytic dissolution of two Turkish lignites in tetralin:effects of UV irradiation,TiO_2 and ZnO as photocatalyst",[J]Energ.Sources,27(16),(2005),pp.1523-1533.
[52]H.Kim,W.Sigrnund,"ZnO nanocrystals synthesized by physical vapor deposition",[J]J.Nanosci.Nanotechnol.,4(3),(2004),pp.275-278.
[53]A.Kaddouri,F.Martini,G.Modica,S.Marengo,C.Mazzochia,"Production of H_2from bioethanol over ZnO catalysts",[J]Chem.Eng.Transactions,4,(2004),pp.253-256.
[54]C.Richard,P.Boule,"Reactive species involved in photocatalytic transformations on zinc oxide",[J]Sol.Energ.Mat.Sol.Cell.,38(1995),pp.431-440.
[55]D.Bianehi,A.Ristori,E.Jean,R.Vonard,"Catalytic oxidation of a diesel soot formed in the presence of a cerium additive.Part Ⅲ.Microkinetic assisted method for the improvement of the ignition temperature",[J]Energ.Fuel,19(2005),pp.1453-1458.
[56]L.Urfels,P.Gelin,M.Primet,E.Tena,"Complete oxidation of methane at low temperature over Pt catalysts supported on high surface area SnO_2",[J]Top.Catal.30/31,(2004),pp.427-432.
[57]V.Perriehon,L.Retailleau,P.Bazin,M.Daturi,J.C.Lavalley,"Metal dispersion of CeO_2-ZrO_2 supported platinum catalysts measured by H_2 or CO chemisorption",[J]Appl.Catal.,A,260,(2004),pp.1-8.
[58]A.Sclafani,L.Palmisano,G.Marci,A.M.Venezia,"Influence of platinum on catalytic activity of polycrystalline WO_3 employed for phenol photodegradation in aqueous suspension",[J]Sol.Energ.Mat.Sol.Cell.,51,(1995),pp.203-219.
[59]D.Devilries,"Semiconductor photocatalysis still an active research area despite barriers to commercialization ",[J]Energeia,17(3),(2006),pp.1-6.
[60]P.V.Kamat,R.Huehu,R.Nicolaescu,"A sense and shoot approach for photocatalytic degradation of organic contaminants in water",[J]J.Phys.Chem,B,106,(2002),pp.768-794.
[61]J.B.William-Ingler,U.M.Khan-Shaheb,"A Self-Driven p/n-Fe_2O_3 tandem photoelectrochemical cell for water splitting",[J]Eleetrochem.Solid-State Lett,9(4),(2006),pp.G144-G146.
[62]C.Guillard,D.Debayle,A.Gagniaire,H.Jaffrezic,J.M.Herrmann,"Physical properties and photocatalytic efficiencies of TiO_2 films prepared by PECVD and solgel methods ",[J]Mat.Res.Bull.,39,(2004),pp.1445-1449.
[63]C.Guillard,H.Lachheb,A.Houas,M.Ksibi,E.Elaloui,J.-M.Herrmann,"Influence of chemical structure of dyes,of pH and of inorganic salts on their photocatalvtic degradation by TiO_2 Comparison of the efficiencies of powder and supported TiO_2",[J]J.Photochem.Photobiol.A,158,(2003),pp.27-31.
[64]T.Docters,J.M.Chovelon,J.M.Herrmann,J.P.Deloume,"Syntheses of TiO_2photocatalysts by the molten salts method:Application to the photocatalytic degradation of prosulfuron",[J]Appl.Catal.B,50,(2004),pp.219-226.
[65]K.Wessels,A.Feldhoff,M.Wark,J.Rathousky,T.Oekermann,"Low-temperature preparation of crystalline nanoporous TiO_2 Films by surfactant-assisted anodic electrodeposition",[J]Eiectrochem.Solid-State Lert,9,(2006),pp.93-96.
[66]Y.Shiraishi,N.Saito,T.Hirai,"Adsorption-driven photocatalytic activity of mesoporous titanium dioxide",[J]J.Am.Chem.Soc.,127(37),(2005),pp.12820-12822.
[67]C.Randorn,S.Wongnawa,P.Boonsin,"Bleaching of methylene blue by hydrated titanium dioxide",[J]Science Asia,30,(2004),pp.149-156.
[68]S.Teekateerawej,J.Nishino,Y.Nosaka,"Design and evaluation of photocatalytic micro-channel reactors using TiO_2-coated porous ceramics",[J J.Photochem.Photobiol.A,179,(2006),pp.263-268.
[69]D.Fabbri,L.S.Villata,A.B.Prevot,A.L.Capparelli,E.Pramauro,"Photocatalytic degradation of DNOC in aqueous TiO_2 dispersions:Investigation of the initial reaction steps",[J]J.Photochem.Photobiol.A,180,(2006),pp.157-164.
[70]K.Tatsuo,Y.Hiroshi,S.Noriaki,T.Atsushi,N.Chiaki,"Phtocatalytic reduction and deposition of metallic ions in aqueous phase",[J]Chem.Eng.J.,97.(2004),pp.77-81.
[71]C.C.Chen,C.S.Lu,Y.C.Chung,"Photocatalytic degradation of ethyl violet in aqueous solution mediated by TiO_2 suspensions",[J]J.Photochem.Photobiol.A,181,(2006),pp.120-125.
[72]S.Somasundaram,Y.Ming,C.R.Chenthamarakshan,Z.A.Schelly,K.Rajeshwar,"Free radical-mediated heterogeneous photocatalytic reduction of metal ions in UV-Irradiated titanium dioxide suspensions ",[J]J.Phys.Chem.B,108,(2004),pp.4784-4788.
[73]C.G.da Silva,W.Wang,J.L.Faria,"Photocatalytic and photochemical degradation of mono-,di- and tri-azo dyes in aqueous solution under UV irradiation",[J]J.Photochem.Photobiol.,181,(2006),pp.314-324.
[74]D.W.Bahnemann,"Mechanisms of organic transformations on semiconductor particles".In:Photochemical conversion and storage of solar energy,E.Pelizzeti,M.Schiavello,(eds).,[M]Kluwer Academic Publishers,Netherlands,(1991),pp.251-276.
[75]J.H.Yoon,S.R.Jang,R.Vittal,J.Lee,K.J.Kim,"TiO_2 nanorods as additive to TiO_2film for improvement in the performance of dye-sensitized solar cells",[J]J.Photochem.Photobiol.A,180,(2006),pp.184-188.
[76]N.Guettai,H.Ait Amar,"Photocatalytic oxidation of methyl orange in presence of titanium dioxide in aqueous suspension.Pat Ⅰ:Parametric study",[J]Desalination,185,(2005),pp.427-437.
[77]M.Akarsu,M.Asilturk,F.Sayilkan,N.Kiraz,E.Arpac,H.Sayilkan,"A novel approach to the hydrothermal synthesis of anatase Titania nanoparticles and the photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B",[J]Turk.J.Chem.,30,(2006),pp.333-343.
[75]X.Zhu,K.H.Kim,Y.Jeong,"Anodic oxide containing Ca and P of titanium biomaterial",[J]Biomaterials,22,(2001),pp.2199-2206.
[79]D.M.Blake,P.-C.Maness,Z.Huang,E.Wolfrum,J.Huang,W.Jacoby,"Application of the photocatalytic chemistry of titanium dioxide to the disinfection and killing of cancer cells ",[J]Separ.Purif.Method,28(1),(1999),pp.1-50.
[80]R.I.Bickley,T.Gonzalez-Carreno,J.Lees,"A Structure Investigation of Titanium Dioxide Photocatalysts ",[J]J.Solid State Chem.B,92,(1991),pp.178-190.
[81]高濂.纳米氧化钛光催化材料及应用[M]化学工业出版社,7,(2002),pp.39-53.
[82]A.Fujishima,K.Honda,"Electrochemical photolysis of water at a semiconductor eleclectrode",[J],Nature,238,(1972),pp.37-38.
[83]D.Bockelmann.,"Solare Reinigung verschmutzter wasser mittels photokalyse",[M]Cuvillier Verlag;Gottingen,(1994).
[84]I.K.Konstantinou,T.A.Albanis,"TiO_2-assisted photocatalytic degradation of azo dyes in aqueous solution:kinetic and mechanistic investigations",[J]Appl.Catal.B,49,(2004),pp.1-14.
[85]C.G.da Silva,J.L.Faria,"Photochemical and photocatalytic degradation of an azo dye in aqueous solution by UV irradiation",[J]J.Photochem.Photobiol.A,155,(2003),pp.133-143.
[86]P.Pichat,C.Guillard,L.Amalric,A.-C.Renatd,O.Plaidy,"Assessment of the importance of the role of H_2O_2 and O_2~- in the photocatalytic degradation of 1,2-dimethoxybenzene",[J]Sol.Energ.Mat.Sol.Cell.38,(1995),pp.391-399.
[87]E.J.Wolfrum,D.F.Ollis,"hydrogen peroxide in heterogeneous photocatalysis",in:Aquatic aad surface photochemistry,,G.p.Heiz,R.G.Zeep,and D.G.Crosby(eds.),[M]Lewis Publishers:Boca Raton,(1994),pp.451-463.
[88]L.Hyunjoo,C.Woyong,"Photocatalytic oxidation of arsenite in TiO_2 suspensions:kinetics and mechanisms",[J]Environ.Sci.Technol.,36.(2002),pp.3872-3878.
[89]N.Serpone,D.Lawless,J.Disdier,J.M.Herrmann,"Spectroscopic,photoconductivity,and photocatalytic studies of TiO_2 colloids;naked and with the lattice doped with Cr~(3+),Fe~(3+) and V~(5+) cations",[J]Langmuir,10,(1994),pp.643-652.
[90]R.I.Subramanian,V.M.Kuno,P.V.Kamat,"Quantum dot solar cells.Harvesting light energy with CdSe nanocrystals molecularly linked to mesoscopic TiO_2 films",[J]J.Am.Chem.See.,128(7),(2006),pp.2355-2393.
[91]A.Bums,W.Li,C.Baker,S.I.Shah,"Sol-gel synthesis and characterization of neodymium-ion doped nanostructured Titania thin films",[J]Prec.Mater,Res.Soe.Sym.703,(2002),pp.193-197.
[92]C.A.Morris,M.L.Anderson,P.M.Stroud,C.I.Merzbacher,D.R.Rolisonm,"Silica sol as a nanoglue:Flexible synthesis of composite aerogels",[J]Science,284,(1999),pp.622-624.
[93]L.Davydov,F.P.Amaat,S.P.George,"Photocatalytic degradation of organic compounds",[M]U.S Patent No.6585863,1 Jul.2003.
[94]T.Sasaki,N.Koshizald,J.W.Yoon,K.M.Beck,"Preparation of Pt / TiO_2nanocomposite thin films by pulsed laser deposition and their photoelectrochemical behaviors",[J]J.Photochem.Photobiol.A,145,(2001),pp.11-16.
[95]G.L.Zhao,H.Kozuka,T.Yoko,"Sol-gel preparation and photoelectrochemical properties of TiO_2 films containing Au and Ag metal particles",[J]Thin Solid Fires,277,(1996),pp.147-154.
[96]S.M.Sze,"Physics of Semiconductor Devlces",2~(nd) Edition,[M]Wiley & Sons,(1951),Chapter 5.
[97]M.Muller,T.I.Kamins,"Device Electronics for Integrated Circuits",2~(nd) Edition,[M]Wiley & Sons,(1986),Chapter 3.
[98]C.Nordling,J.Osterman,"Physics Handbook for Science and Engineering",6~(th)Edition,[M]Lund Publisher,Sweden,(1999).
[99]J Richard,S R Lewis,"Hawley's condensed chemical dlctionary",12~(th) Edition,[M]Van Nostrand Reinhold Company,New York,(1993).
[100]H.B.Michaelson,"The work function of the elements and its periodicity",[J]J,Appl.Phys,,48(11),(1977),pp.4729-4733.
[101]C.Wang,H.Groenzin,M.Shultz,"Molecular species on nanoparticulate anatase TiO_2 film detected by sum frequency generation:trace hydrocarbons and hydroxyl groups",[J]Langmuir,19,(2003),pp.7330-7334.
[102]C.Wang,H.G-roenzin,M.Sultz,"Surface characterization ofnanoscale TiO_2film by sum frequency generation using methanol as a molecular probe"[J]J.Phys.Chem.B,108,(2004),pp.265-272.
[103]R.Wang,K.Hashimoto,A.Fujishima,M.Chikuni,E.Kojima,A.Kitamura,M.Shimohigoshi,T.Watanabe,"Light-induced amphiphilic surfaces."[J]Nature,388,(1997),pp.431-432.
[104]D,Byun,Y.Yin,B.Kim,J.Lee,D.Park,"photocatalytic TiO_2 deposition by chemical vapor deposition",[J]J.Hazard.Mater.,73,(2000),pp.199-206.
[105]D.Damitriu,A.R.bally,C.Ballif,P.Homes,P.E.Shmid,R.Sanjines,F.Levy,V.I.Parvulescu,"photocatalytic degradation of phenol by TiO_2 thin films prepared by sputtering ring",[J]App.Catal.B:Environ.,25,(2000),pp.83-92.
[106]H.Noguchi,R.Kagami,M.Kuzumi,S.Shigeo,inventors,"Apparatus for continual passing water for treatment using ozone and photocatalyst",Meidensha Electric Mfg,Co.,Ltd,Japan,assigns,[M]Japan Patent,(2001),2001170498.20010626.135:68462 CA.
[107]O.Chihiro,A.Shigendo,O.Yoshiaki,H.Tatsuro,K.Susuki,K.Shin-Iehi,H.Yoshida,H.Tadashi,"crystallization of hydrothermally treated TiO_2 pillards in pillard montmorillonite for improvement of the photocatalytic activity",[J]J.Mater.Chem.,9,(1999),pp.2943-2952.
[108]M.Antonietti,A.C.Rachel,H.P.Hentze,C.Goltner,"hydrophilic gels with new superstructures and their hybrids by nanocasting technologies",[J]Maeromol.Syrup.(Polymers Friendly for Environment),152,(2000),pp.163-172.
[109]T.H.Chang,W.Nan-Min,Z.Faqing,"A kinetic model for photocatalytic degradation of organic contaminants in a thin-film TiO_2 catalysts",[J]Water Res.,34,(2000),pp.407-416.
[110]G.Qing-Ping,W.Zhang-Huang,Z.Jun-Fu,T.Fang,"Application and optical properties of TiO_2 thin films prepared by chemical vapour deposition",[J]J.Nat.Gas Chem.,8,(1999),pp.331-338.
[111]Y.Murata,H.Tawara,H.Obata,K.Takeuchi,"Air purifying pavement:Development of photocatalytic concrete blocks",[J]J.Adv.Oxid.Technol.,4,(1999),pp.227-230.
[112]Y.Matsumoto,M.Murakami,J.Zhang Wu,A.Nakayama,T.Yamagushi,T.Ohmori,E.Susuki,S.Nomura,et al.,"Combinatorial synlhesis and high through put evaluation of doped TiO_2 thin films for the development of photocatalysts",in:Combinatorial and Composition spread techniques in Materials and Device Development,[M]Proc.SPIE-Int.Soc.Opt.Eng.3941,(2000),pp.19-27.
[113]D.Makoto,S.Saka,H.Miyafuji,ATDavid,"Development of carbonized TiO_2-woody composites for environmental cleaning",[J]Mater.Sci.Res.Int.,6,(2000),pp.15-21.
[114]C.Peng,F.Yiqun,X.Nanping,S.Jun,"Preparation,characterization and photocatalytic activity of TiO_2 membrane photocatalyst immobilized on activated carbon",[J]Cuihua Xuebao,21(5),(2000),pp.494-496.
[1]C.C.Chen,C.S.Lu,Y.C.Chung,"Photocatalytic degradation of ethyl violet in aqueous solution mediated by TiO_2 suspensions',[J]J.Photochem.Photobiol.A.,181,(2006),pp.120-125.
[2]E.Bizani,K.Fytianos,I.Poulios,V.Tsiridis,"Photocatalytic decolorization and degradation of dye solutions and wastewaters in the presence of titanium dioxide",[J]J.Hazard.Mater.,137,(2006),pp.85-94.
[3]N.Guettai,H.A.Ait,"Photocatalytic oxidation of methyl orange in presence of titanium dioxide in aqueous suspension.Pat Ⅰ:Parametric study",[J]Desalination,185,(2005),pp.427-435.
[4]I.Arslan,I.A.Balcioglu,D.W.Banheman,"Heterogeneous photocatalytic treatment of simulated dye house effluents using novel TiO_2 photocatalysts",[J]Appl.Catal.B:Envrion.,26,(2000),pp.193-206.
[5]C.Sawyer,P.MeCarty,G.Patkin,"Chemistry for Environmental Engineering and Science",5th ed.,[M]McGraw-Hill,New York,(2003).
[6]J.M.Herrmann,W.Mu,P.Piehat,"Heterogeneous catalysis and fine chemicals Ⅱ",M.Guisnet(ed.),[M]Amsterdam,Elsevier,(1991),pp.405-420.
[7]D.Liu,R.W.Fessenchen,G.L.Hug,P.V.Kamat,"Dye Capped Semiconductor Nanoclusters.Role of Back Electron Transfer in the Photosensitization of SnO_2Nanocrystallites with Cresyl Violet Aggregates",[J]J.Phys.Chem.B,101,(1997),pp.2583-2590.
[8]F.Femandez-Ibanez,F.J.de las Nieves,S.Malato,"Titanium dioxide/electrolyte solution interface:electron transfer phenomena",[J]J.Colloid.Interf.Sci.,277,(2000),pp.510-516.
[9]K.H.Wang,Y.H.Hsieh,C.H.Wu,C.Y.Chang,"The pH and anion effects on the heterogeneous photocatalytic degradation of o-methylbenzoic acid in TiO_2 aqueous suspension",[J]Chemosphere,40.(2000),pp.389-394.
[10]D.F.Ollis,"Solar assisted photocatalysis for water purification:issues data,questions",in:Photochemical conversion and storage of solar energy,[M]Kluwer Academic Publishers,(1991),pp.593-622.
[11]M.R.Hoffman,S.T.Martin,W.choi,D.W.bahnemann,"Environmental applications of semiconductor photocatalysis",[J]Chem.Rev.95,1995,p.69-96.
[12]G.Al-Sayyed,J.C.D'Oliveira,P.Pichat,"Semiconductor-senistized ohotdegradation of 4-chlorophenol in water",[J]J.Photochem.Photobioi.A:Chem.,58.(1991),pp.99-114.
[13]W.Yongbing,H.Chia-Swee,"TiO_2-mediated photomineralization of 2-chlorobiphenyl:the role of O_2",[J]Water Res.,34,(2000),pp.2791-2797.
[14]K.Kositzi,I.Poulios,S.Malato,J.Caceres,A.Campos,"Solar photocatalytic treatment of synthetic municipal wastewater",[J]Water Res.,38,(2004),pp.1147-1154.
[15]S.Irmak,E.Kusvuran,O.Erbatur,"Degradation of 4-chloro -2- methylphenol in aqueous solution by UV irradiation in the presence of titanium dioxide",[J]Appl.catal.B:Environ.,54,(2004),pp.85-91.
[16]S.Malato,J,Blanco,M.Maldinado,P.Ibanez,A.Campos,"Optimising solar photocatalytic mineralization of pesticides by adding inorganic oxidizing species:application to the recycling of pesticides containers",[J]Appl.Catal.B:Environ.,28,(2000),pp.163-174.
[17]N.Daneshvar,D.Salari,A.R.Khataee,"Photocatalytic degradation of azo dye acid red 14 in water:investigation of the effect of operational parameters",[J]J .Photochem.Photobiol.A:Chem.,157,(2003),pp.111-116.
[18]J.M.Herrmann,"Heterogeneous photocatalysis:fundamentals and applications to the removal of various types of aqueous pollutants",[J]Catal.Today,53,(1999),pp.115-119.
[19]A.Fujishima,K.Honda,"Electrochemical photolysis of water at a semiconductor eleclectrode",[J],Nature,238,(1972),pp.37-38.
[20]A.Taicheag L.Guiying,Y.Xiong,Z.Xihai,X.Hengtai,L.Guoguang,"Photoelectrochemical degradation of methylene blue with nano TiO_2 under high potential bias",[J]Mater.Phys.Mech.,4,(2001),pp.101-106.
[21]H.Gerischer,A.Heller,"The role of oxygen in the photooxidation of organic molecules on semiconductor particles",[J]J.Phys.Chem.,95,(1991),pp.5261-5267.
[22]J.A.Byme,A.Davidson,P.S.M.Dunlop,B.R.Eggins,"Water treatment using nano-crystalline TiO_2 electrodes",[J]J.Photochem.Photobiol.A:Chem.,148,(2002),pp.365-374.
[23]L.Kronik,Y.Shapira,"Surface photovoltage spectroscopy of semiconductor structure:at the crossroads of physics,chemistry and electrical engineering",[J]Surf.Interfaee.Anal.,31,(2001),pp.954-965.
[24]K.Vinodgopal,P.V.Kamat,"Electrochemically assisted photocatalysis using nanocrystalline semiconductor thin films",[J]Sol.Energy Mater.Sol.Cells,38,(1995),pp.401-410.
[25]G.N.Gibson,G.Dunne,"Tunneling Ionization Rates from Arbitrary Potential Wells",[J]Phys.Rev.Lett.,81(13),(1998),pp.2663-2666.
[26]S.Nordholm,"Delocalizatian the key concept of covalent bonding",[J]J.Chem.Ed.65(7),(1998),pp.581-584.
[27]L.I.Schiff,"Quantum Mechanics",3rd ed.,[M]McGraw-Hill,New York,(1968),pp.37-42.
[28]Z.Jinyan,"Quantum mechanics",[M]Sciences Publisher,Beijing,China,(1990),volume 1,chapter 3.
[29]孙宪荣 硕士论文,外加阳极偏压对TiO_2薄膜光生电子—空穴复合的影响,上海大学,2006年2月
[30]H.Asoh,K.Nishio.M.Nakao,T.Tamamura,H.Masuda,"Conditions for fabrication of ideally ordered anodic porous alumina using pretextural Al",[J]J.Electrochem.Soc.,148,(2001),pp.B.152-B.156.
[31]J.B.Birch,J.D.Burieigh,"Oxides formed on titanium by polishing,etching,anodizing,or thermal oxidizing",[J]J.Corrosion,56(2),(2000),pp.1233-1241.
[32]H.Uchi,T.Kanno,R.S.Alwitt,"Structural features of crystalline anodic alumina films",[J]J.Electrochem.Soc.,148,(2001),pp.B.17-B.23.
[33]R.S.Alwitt,H.Takei,"Thin Films Science and Technology",in:Passivity of metals and semiconductors,M Froment(ed.),Vol.4,[M]Elsevier,New York,(1983),pp.741-746.
[34]N.Serpone,A.V.Emeline,"Suggested terms and definitions in photocatalysis and radiocatalysis",[J]Int.J.Photoenerg.,4,(2002),pp.103-105.
[35]S.Wernick,R.Pinner,P.G.Sheasby,"The surface treatment and finishing of aluminum and its alloys',5~(th) edition,[M]ASM International,Metals Park,Ohio,USA,(1987).
[36]G.E.Thompson,G.C.Wood,"Treatise on Materials Science and Technology",in:Corrosion:Aqueous processes and passive films,J.C.Scully(ed.),Vol.23,[M]Academic Press,New York,(1983).
[37]S.Young-Taeg,C.B.Joansson,J.Yongsoo,T.Albrektsson,"The electrochemical oxide growth behavior on titanium in acid and alkaline electrolytes",[J]Med.Eng.Phys.,23,(2001),pp.329-346.
[38]O.Han-Jun,L.Jong-Ho,Y.Jeong,K.Beom-Su et al.,"Influnence of electrolytic mediums on the microstructures of anodic titania",[J]Solid State Phenomena,124-126,(2007),pp.1773-1776.
[39]G.Jouve,J.S.L.Leach,"The increase in temperature of the anodic film formed on totanium during growth in acid media",[J]Thin Solid Films,110,(1983),p.263-273.
[40]B.E.Hayden,D.V.Malevich and D.Pleteher,"Platinum catalysed nanoporous titanium dioxide electrodes in H_2SO_4 solutions",[J]Electrochem.Commun.,3(8),(2001),pp.395-399.
[41]H.Uchi,T.Kanno,R.S.Alwitt,"Structural features of crystalline anodic alumina films",[J]J.Electrochem.Soc.,148,(2001),pp.B.17-B.23.
[42]H.Asoh,K.Nishio.M.Nakao,T.Tamamura,H.Masuda,"Conditions for fabrication of ideally ordered anodic porous alumina using pretextural Al",[J]J.Electrochem.Soc.,148,(2001),pp.B.152-B.156.
[43]S.Tanaka,M.Aonuma,N.Hirose,T.Tanaki,"The preparation of porous TiO_2 by immersing Ti in NaOH solution",[J]J.Electrochem.Soc.149(11),(2002),pp.D167-D171.
[44]S.Tanaka,N.Hirose,T.Tanaki,"Effect of the temperature and concentration of NaOH on the formation of porous TiO_2",[J]J.Electrochem.Soc.,152(12),(2005),pp.C789-C794.
[45]武鹏飞,李谋成,肖美群.阳极氧化法制备光电化学防腐蚀二氧化钛薄膜[J].电化学,10(3),(2004),pp.353-357.
[46]B.E.Hayden,D.V.Malevich,D.Pletcher,"Electrode coatings from sprayed titanium dioxide nanoparticles-behavtour in NaOH solutions",[J]Electrochem.Commun.,3,(2001),p.390-394.
[47]W.Romer,C.Steinem,"Impedance Analysis and Single-Channel Recordings on Nano-Black Lipid Membranes Based on Porous Alumina",[J]Biophys.J.,86,(2004),pp.955-965.
[48]G.S.Huang,X.L.Wu,Y.F.Mei,X.F.Shao,"Strong blue emission from anodic alumina membranes with ordered nanopore array",[J]J.Appl.Phys.,93(1),(2003),pp.583-586.
[49]A.Akolkar,U.Landau,H.Kuo,W.Yar-Ming,"Modeling of the current distribution in aluminum anodization",[J]J.Appl.Electrochem.,34,(2004),pp.807-813.
[50]http://www.mc.mat.shibaura-it,ac.jp/～plaza/chap331.html(as on 2005.01.12).
[51]宋江江,沈嘉年,李凌峰,姚书典.电化学氧化生长纳米晶TiO_2光催化薄膜结构与性能表征,[J]中国腐蚀与防护学报,22(2),(2002),pp.98-102.
[52]W.Sujarid,P.Pongkao,D.Durreutai,Y.Yasuaki,T.Wotanabe et al.,"Direct fabrication of TiO_2 nanoparticles deposited on hydroxyapatite crystals under mild hydrothermal conditions",[J]J.Nanosci.Nanotech.,5(6),(2005),pp.875-879.
[53]B.Yang,M.Uchida,H.M.Kim,X.Zhang,T.Kokubo,"Preparation of bioactive titanium metal via anodic oxidation treatment",[J]Biomateriais,25(6),(2004),pp.1003-1010.
[54]J.M.Macak,H.Tsuchiya,P.Schmuki,"High-Aspect-Ratio TiO_2 Nanotubes by Anodization of Titanium",[J]Angew.Chemie,117,(2005),pp.2136-2140.
[55]H.Tsuchiya,J.M.Macak,L.Taveira,E.Balaur,A.Ghicov,K.Sirotna and P.Schmuki,"Self-organized TiO_2 Nanotubes Prepared in Ammonium Fluoride Containing Acetic Acid Electrolytes",[J]Electrochem.Commun.7,(2005),pp.567-570.
[56]S.P.Albu,A.Ghicov,J.M.Macak,P.Schmuki,"25Ohm long anodic TiO_2nanotubes with hexagonal self-ordering",[J]Physiea Status Solid,1,(2006),pp.R65-R67.
[57]K.Peter,B.Dora,K.Hans-Jurgen,"Method of producing oxide ceramic layers on barrier layer-forming metals and articles produced by the method",[M]United States Patent 5385662,(1995).
[58]V.M.Frauchiger,F.Schlottig,B.Gasser,M.Textor,"Anodic plasma -chemical treatment of CP titanium surfaces for biomedical applications",[J]Biomaterials,25(4),(2004),pp.593-606.
[59]S.J.Limmer,T.P.Chou,G.Z.Cao,"A study on the growth of TiO_2 nanorods using sol electrophoresis",[J]J.Meter.Sci.,39,(2004),pp.895-901.
[60]C.Da Fonseca,A.Traverse,A.Tadjeddine,M.Da Cunha Belo,"A characterization of titanium oxides by X-ray absorption spectroscopy and grazing X-ray diffraction",[J]J.Electroanal.Chem.,388,(1995),pp.115-122.
[61]J.Johannson,V.Schollmann,K.Anderson,D.B.Haviland,"Coulomb blockade in anodized titanium nanostructures",[J]Physica B,284-288,(2000),pp.1796-1997.
[62]H.O Pierson,"Handbook of Chemical Vapor Deposition(CVD) principles.Technology and Applications",2~(nd) ed.,[M]Noyes Publication,New York,(1999),Appendix.
[63]A.H.O Pierson,"Handbook of Chemical Vapor Deposition(CVD) principles,Technology and Applications",2~(nd) ed,[M]Noyes Publication,New York,(1999).Chapter 1.
[64]G.T.Lira,D.H.Kim,"Characteristics of TiO_x films prepared by chemical vapor deposition using tetrakis-dimethyl-amido-titanium and water"[J]Thin Solid Films,498,(2006),pp.254-258.
[65]M.Maeda,T.Watanabe,"Visible light photocatalysis of nitrogen-doped titanium oxide films prepared by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition",[J]J.Eiectrochem.Soc.153(3),(2006),pp.C186-C189.
[66]T.N.Murakani,Y.Kijitori,N.Kawashima,"Low temperature preparation of mesoporous TiO2 films for efficient dye-sensitized photoelectrode by chemical vapor deposition",[J]J,Photochem.Photobiol.A,164,(2004),pp.187-191.
[67]S.Philippe,K.Philippe,"Chemical Vapor Deposition Methods for the Controlled Preparation of Supported Catalytic Materials",[J]Chem.Rev.,102(9),(2002),pp.3085-3128.
[68]A.Sandell,M.P.Andersson,Y.Alfredsson,M.K.J.Johannson,et al.,"Titanium dioxide thin film growth on silicon(111) by chemical vapor deposition of titanium (Ⅳ) isopropoxide",[J]J.Appl.Phys.,92(2),(2002),pp.3381-3387.
[69]L.Lei,H.Ping Chu,H.Xijun,Y.Po-Lock,"Preparation of Heterogeneous Photocatalyst(TiO_2/Alumina) by Metallo-Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition",[J]Ind.Eng.Chem.Res.,38(9),(1999),pp.3381-3385.
[70]A.Sandell,M.P.Andersson,Y.Alfredsson,M.K.J.Johannson,et al.,"Metalorganic chemical vapor deposition of anatase titanium dioxide on Si:modifying the interface by pore-oxidation",[J]Surf.Sci.,530(1-2),(2003),pp.63-70.
[71]C.J.Blinker,G.W.Scherrer,"The Physic and Chemistry of Sol -gel processing",in:Sol Gel Science,[M]Academic Press,San Diego,USA,(1990).
[72]M.Zaharescu,V.Badescu,A.Vasilescu,A.Jitianu,"Contribution to the Sol-Gel Chemistry in silica based systems emerging fields in Sol-Gel Science and Technology Materials",[M]Kluwer Academic Publisher,(2003),pp.157-162.
[73]Y.J.Chen,D.D.Dionysiou,"Effect of calcination temperature on the photocatalytic activity and adhesion of TiO_2 films prepared by the P-25 powder-modified sol-gel method",[J]J.Mol,Catal.A:Chem.,244(1-2),(2006),pp.73-82.
[74]H.Choi,Y.J.Kim,S.Rajender,V.Varma,D.Dionysios et al.,"Thermally Stable Nanocrystalline TiO_2 Photocatalysts Synthesized via Sol-Gel Methods Modified with Ionic Liquid and Surfactant Molecules",[J]Chem.Mater.,18(22),(2006),pp.5377-5384.
[75]C.K.Jung,I.S.Bae,Y.H.Song,T.K.Kim,J.Vlcek,et al.,"Synthesis of TiO_2photocatalyst and study on their improvement technology of photocatalytic activity",[J]Surf,Coat.Technol.,200(1.-4),(2005),pp.534-538.
[76]I.Kartini,P.Meredith,X.S.Zhao,J.C.Diniz da Costa,G.Q.Lu,"A Two-Step Sol-Gel Method for Synthesis of Nanoporous TiO_2",[J]J.Nanosci,Nanotechnol.,4(3),(2004),pp.270-274.
[77]M.Abdul Hamid,I.Ab.Rahman,"Preparation of Titanium Dioxide(TiO_2) thin films by sol gel dip coating method",[J]Malaysian Journal of Chemistry,5(1),(2003),pp.86-91.
[78]T.Kishimoto,H.Kozuka "Sol-gel preparation of TiO_2 ceramic coating films from aqueous solutions of titanium sulfate(Ⅳ) containing polyvinylpyrrolidone",[J]J.Mater.Res.,18,(2003),pp.466-474.
[79]A.R Phani,M.Passacantando,S.Santucci,"Synthesis and choracterisation of cadmium titanium oxide thin films by sol-gel technique',[J]J.Phys.Chem.Solids,63,(2002),pp.383-392.
[80]D.S.Lee,T.K.Liu,"Preparation of TiO_2 sol using TiCl4 as a precursor",[J]J.Sol-Gel Sci.Technol.,25,(2002),pp.121-136.
[81]M.Zhang,Y.Bando,K.Wada,"Sol-gel template preparation of TiO_2 nanotubes and nanorods",[J]J.Mater.Sci.Lett.20,(2001),pp.167-170.
[82]M.Akarsu,M.Asilturk,F.Sayilkan,N.Kiraz,E.Arpac,H.Sayilkan,"A novel approach to the hydrothermal synthesis of anatase Titania nanoparticles and the photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B",[J]Turk,J.Chem.,30,(2006),pp.333-343.
[83]C.Su,C.M.Tseng,L.F.Chen,,B.H.You,B.C.Hsu,S.S.Chen,"Sol-hydrothermal preparation and photocatalysis of titanium dioxide',[J]Thin Solid Films 498(1-2),(2006),pp.259-65.
[84]J.F.Zhu,Z.G.Deng,F.Chen,J.L.Zhang,H.J.Chen,M.Anpo,J.Z.Huang,L.Z.Zhang,"Hydrothermal doping method for preparation of Cr~(3+)-TiO_2 photocatalysts with concentration gradient distribution of Cr~(3+)",[J]Appl.Catal.B:Environ.,(2006),pp.329-35.
[85]P.E.Pavel,V.K.Ivanov,A.E.Barantchikov,B.R.Churagulov,Y.D.Tretyakov,"Ultrasonically assisted hydrothermal synthesis of nanocrystalline ZrO_2,TiO_2,NiFe_2O_4 and Ni_(0.5) Zn_(0.5) Fe_2O_4 powders",[J]Ultrasonics Sonochem.,13,(2006),pp.47-53.
[86]S.Pavasupree,S.Ngamsinlapasathian,Y.Suzuki,S.Yoshikawa,"Synthesis and Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Performance of Nanorods/Nanoparticles TiO_2 from High Surface Area Nanosheet TiO_2",[J]J.Nanosci.Nanotechnol.,6,(2006),pp.3685-3692.
[87]M.G-uobin,Z.Xiaoming,Z.Jianmin,"Microwave Hydrothermal Synthesis of Rutile TiO_2 Nanorods",[J]Intern.J.Modern.Phys.B,19.(2005),pp.2763-2768.
[88]J.H.Lee,M.Kang,S.J.Choung,K.Ogino,et al.,"The preparation of TiO2nanometer photocatalyst film by a hydrothermal method and its sterilization performance for Giardia lamblia",[J]Water Res.,38(3),(2004),pp.713-719.
[89]S.Yoshikazu,S.Yoshikawa,"Synthesis and thermal analyses of TiO_2-derived nanotubes prepared by the hydrothermal method',[J]J.Mater.Res.,19(4),(2004),pp.982-985.
[90]Y.V.Kolen'Ko,B.R.Churagulov,M.Kunst,L.Mazerolles,C.Colbeau-Justin,"Photocatalytic properties of titania powders prepared by hydrothermal method",[J]Appl.Catal.B:Environ.,54,(2004),pp.51-58.
[91]M.Andersson,L.Osterlund,S.Ljungstrom,A.Palmqvist,"Preparation of Nanosize Anatase and Rutile TiO_2 by Hydrothermal Treatment of Microemulsions and Their Activity for Photocatalytic Wet Oxidation of Phenol"[J]J.Phys.Chem.B,106(41),(2002),pp.10674-10679.
[92]A.H.Baraka,H.A.Hamed,H.H.Shaarawy,"Electrodeposition of rhodium metal on titanium dioxide substrates",[J]Anti-Corrosion Methods Mater.,49(4),(2002),pp.282-286.
[93]L.Zhitomirsky,Gal-Or,A.Kohn,H.W.Hennicke,"Electrodeposition of ceramic films from non-aqueous and mixed solutions",[J]J.Mater.Sci.,30(20),(1995),pp.5307-5312.
[94]M.Bestetti,S.Franz,M.Cuzzolin,P.Arosio,P.L.Cavallotti,"Structure of nanotubular titanium oxide templates prepared by electrochemical anodization in H_2SO_4/HF solutions",[J]Thin Solid Films,515,(2007),pp.5253-5258.
[95]R.Beranek,H.Hildebrand,P.Schmuki,"Self-Organized Porous Titanium Oxide Prepared in H_2SO_4/HF Electrolytes",[J]Electrochem.Solid-State Lett,6,(2003),pp.B12-B15.
[1]S.Amrate,D.E.Akretche,C.Innocent,P.Seta,"Use of cation-exchange membranes for simultaneous recovery of lead and EDTA during electrokinetic extraction",[J]Desalination,193,(2006),pp.405-410
[2]J.-K.Yang,S.-M.Lee,A.P.Davis,"Effect of Background Electrolytes and pH on the Adsorption of Cu(Ⅱ)/EDTA onto TiO_2",[J]J.Colloid Interface Sci.,295,(2006),pp.14-20.
[3]J.B.Wachtman,H.K.Zwi,"Characterization of Materials",[M]Manning Publications Co.,Butterworth- Heinemann,Greenwich,USA,(1993).
[4]W.J.Quadakkers,V.Shemet,D.Sebold,R.Anton,E.Wessel,L.Singheiser,"Oxidation characteristics of a platinized MCrAlY bond coat for TBC systems during cyclic oxidation at 1000 ℃",[J]Surf.Coat.Tech.,199(1),(2005),pp.77-82.
[5]C.Sitting.M.Textor,N.D.Spencer,M,Wieland,P.H.Vallotton,"Surface characterization of implant materials CP Ti,Ti-6Al-7Nb and Ti-6Al-4V with different pretreatments",[J]J.Mater.Sci-Mater.Med.,10(1999),pp.35-46.
[6]C.Massaro,P.Rotolo,F.De Riccardis,E.Milella,A.Napoli,et al.,"Comparative investigation of the surface properties of commercial titanium dental implants".Part Ⅰ:Chemical composition,[J]J.Mater.Sci-Mater.Med.,13,(2002),pp.535-548.
[7]C.T.Schamp,W.A.Jesser,"On the measurement of lattice parameters in a collection of nanoparticles by transmission electron diffraction",[J]Ultramicroscopy,103,(2005),pp.165-172.
[8]G.Lawes,"Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray microanalysis(Analytical Chemistry by open learning) ",[M]John Wiley and Sons,New York(1987).
[9]L.A.Bendersky,F.W.Gayle,"Electron Diffraction Using Transmission Electron Microscopy",[J]J.Res.Natl.last.Stand.Tethnol.,106,(2001),pp.997-1012.
[10]W.I.F.David,K.Shankland,L.B.McCusker,Ch.Baerlocher,"Structure Determination from Powder Diffraction Data",[M]Oxford Science Publications,(2002).
[11]L.Bish,J.E.Post,"Modern Powder Diffraction",in:Reviews in Mineralogy,Vol.20,[M]The Mineralogical Society of America,Washington,(1989).
[12]L.V.Azaroff,M.J.Buerger,"The Powder Method in x-ray crystallography",[M]McGraw Hill Book Company,New York,(1958).
[13]A.Le Bail,"New developments in microstructure analysis via Rietveld refinements",[J]Adv.X-Ray Anal,42(2000),pp.191-203.
[14]J.Rodriguez-Carvajal,"A program for rietveld refinement and pattern matching analysis",in:Abstracts of the Satellite meeting on Powder Diffraction of the XV~(th),[M]Congress of the International Union of Crystallography,Toulouse(France),(1990),p.127.
[15]W.I.F.David,K.Shankland,L.B.McCusker,Ch.Baerlocher,"Structure Determination from Powder Diffraction Data",in:International Union of Crystallography Monographs on Crystallography,[M]Oxford Science Publications,(2006).
[16]B.D.Cullity,"Elements of X-ray diffraction",[M]Addison-Wesley Publishing Co.,Inc,London,England,(1959).
[17]T.R.John Ferraro,K.Nakamoto,"Introductory Raman spectroscopy",[M]Academic Press,New York(1994).
[18]M.Ocana,J.V.Garcia-Ramas,C.J.Sema,"Low-Temperature Nucleation of Rutile Observed by Raman Spectroscopy during Crystallization of TiO_2",[J]J.Am.Ceram.Soc.,75,(1992),pp.2010-2013.
[19]D.Braun Robert,"Introduction to instrumental analysis",[M]MC-Graw-Hill,New York,(1987).
[20]S.Gorog,"Ultraviolet-Visible Spectrophotometry in Pharmaceutical Analysis",[M]CRC Press,(1995).
[21]N.Serpone,A.V.Emeline,"Suggested terms and definitions in photocatalysis and radiocatalysis",[J]Int.J.Photoenerg.,4,(2002),pp.103-105.
[22]J.Wang,"Analytical Electrochemistry",[M]John Wiley and Sons,New York Chapter 2,(2000).
[23]E.T.Henrique,A.Koiti,D.Sergio."A Cyclic Voltammetry Experiment Illustrating Redox Potentials,Equilibrium Constants,and Substitution Reactions in Coordination Chemistry",[J]J.Chem.Edue.,77,(2000),pp.1351-1354.
[24]D.T.Sawyer,W.R.Heineman,J.M.beebe,"Chemistry experiments for instrumental methods",[M]John Wiley and Sons,New York,(1984).
[25]W.E.Geiger,"Instructional Examples of Electrode Mechanisms in Transition Metal Complexes",in Laboratory Techniques in Electroanalytical Chemistry,2nd,P.T.Kissinger and W.R.Heineman(eds.),[M]Mareel-Dekker(Ed.),New York,(1996),pp.683-717.
[26]D.A.Skoog,F.J.Holer,T.A.Nieman,"Principles of instrumental analysis",4th Ed.,[M]Saunders College Publishing,Philadephia,chapter 25,(1992).
[27]Y.Tong,H.S.Kim,P.K.Babu,P.Waszczuk,A.Wieckowski,E.Oldifield,"An NMR investigationof CO tolerance in Pt/Ru fuel cell catalyst",[J]J.Am.Chem.Soc.,12.4(3),(2002),pp.468-473.
[28]J.Marin-Cruz,E.Garcia-Figueroa,M.Miranda-Hemandez,I.Gonzalez,"Electrochemical treatments for selecave growth of different calcium carbonate allotropic forms on carbon steel",[J]Water Res.,38,(2004),pp.173-183.
[29]H.S.Narula,J.G.Harris,"Integrated VLSI potentiostat for cyclic voltammetry in electrolytic reactions",in:ISVLSI,IEEE Computer Society Annual Symposium on VLSI Emerging Trends,[M]VLSI Systems Design(ISVLST 04),(2004),p.268.
[30]K.Kamada,M.Mukai,Y.Matsumoto,"Electrodeposition of titanium(Ⅳ) oxide film from sacrificial titanium anode in I_2-added acetone bath",[J]Electrochim.Acta,47,(2002),pp.3309-3313.
[31]K.T.Kawagoe,J.B.Zimmerman,RM.Wightman,"Principles of Voltammetry and Microelectrode Surface States",[J]J.Neurosci.Meth.,48,(1993),pp.225-240.
[32]G.A.Ragoisha,A.S.Bondarenko,"Electrochemistry:New Research,Potentiodynamic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy",M.Nunez(Ed.),[M]Nova Science Publ.,New York,Chapter 3,(2005),pp.51-75
[33]J.C.Myland,KB.Oldham,"Which of three voltammetric methods,when applied to a reversible electrode reaction,can best cope with double-layer capacitance and severe uncompensated resistance ",[J]Anal.Chem.,72(2000),pp.3210-3217.
[34]J.R.Scully,"Polarization Resistance Method for Determination of Instantaneous Corrosion Rates:a Review",[J]Corrosion,56(2),(2000),p.199.
[35]S.X.Liu,L.M.Vane,M.Peng,"Theoretical analysis of concentration polarization effect on VOC removal by evaporation",[J]J.Hazard.Substance Res.4,(2004),pp.5-21.
[36]L.Song,M.Elimelech,"Theory of Concentration Polarization in Crossflow Filtration",[J]J.Chem.Soc.,Faraday Trans.,91,(1995),pp.3389-3398.
[37]C.Sawyer,P.McCarty,G.Parkin,"Chemistry for Environmental Engineering and Science",5th ed.,[M]McGraw-Hill,New York,(2003).
[38]R.Sven-Olof,A.Forsberg,"A mercury-free accelerated method for determining the chemical oxygen demand of large numbers of water samples by autoclaving them under pressure with acid dichromate",[J]Water Res.,11,(1977),pp.801-805.
[39]D.Ebbing,Darrell D.,"General Chemistry",3rd ed,[M]Houghton Mifflin,USA (1990).
[40]E.Prichard,R.Lawn,"Practical Laboratory Slalls Training Guide:Measurement of pH",1~(st)ed.,[M]Royal Society of Chemistry;London,U K(2003).
[41]W.H.John,K.K.Doris,"Chemistry for Changing Times",9th ed.,[M]Prentice Hall Inc,New Jersey,USA(2001).
[42]Y.D.A.Long,"Raman spectroscopy",[M]MC-Graw-Hill,New York,(1977).
[1]S.Piazza,L.Cala,C.Sunseri,F.D.Quarto,"Influence of the crystallization process on the photoelcetrochemical behaviour of anodic TiO_2 films ",[J]J Phys Chem,101(6),(1997),pp.932-942.
121 L.D.Arsov,C.Kormann,W.Plieth W."In Situ Raman Spectra of anodically formed titanium dioxide layers in solutions of H_2SO_4,KOH,and HNO_3",[J]J Electrochem Soc,138(10),(1991),pp.2964-2970.
[3]G.Jouve,J.S.L.Leach,"The increase in temperature of the anodic film formed on titanium during growth in acid media",[J]Thin Solid Films,110,(19&3),pp.263-273.
[4]J.R.Birch,T.D.Burieigh,"Oxides formed on Titanium by polishing,etching,anodizing,or thermal oxidizing",[J]Corrosion,56(12),(2000),pp.1233-1241.
[5]T.Shibata,C.Zhu,"The effect of film formation conditions on the structure and composition of anodic films on titanium ",[J]Corrosion Sci.,37.(2),(1995),pp 253-270.
[6]J.Marsh,D Gorse,"A photoelectrochemical and ac impedance study of anodic titanium oxide films",[J]Electrochim Acta,43,(1998),pp.659-670.
[7]J.L.Delplancke,R.Winand,"Galvanostatic anodization of titanium-Ⅱ Reactions efficiencies and electrochemical behavior model",[J]Eleetrochim Acta,33(1988),pp.1151-59.
[8]S.Young-Taeg,B.C.Johansson,J.Youngsoo,T.Albrectsson,"The electrochemical oxide growth behavior on titanium in acid and alkaline electolytes",[J]Meal.Eng.Phys.,23,(2001),pp.329-346.
[9]B.E.Hayden,D.V.Malevich,D.Pletcher,"Electrode coatings from sprayed titanium dioxide nanoparticles-behaviour in NaOH solutions",[J]Electrochem.Commun.,3,(2001),pp.390-394.
[10]B.E.Hayden,D.V.Malevich and D.Pleteher,"Platinum catalysed nanoporous tianium dioxide electrodes in H_2SO_4 solutions",[J]Electrochem.Commun,3(8),(2001),pp.395-399.
[11]W.Zhibin,M.Yoshimura,"Electrochemical studies of the mechanism of fabrication of ceramic films by hydrothermal-electrochemical technique",[J]Bull.Korean Chem.Soc.,20(8),(1999),pp.869-874.
[12]V.M.Frauchiger,F.Schlottig,B.Gasser,M.textor,"anodic plasma-chemical treatment of CP titanium surfaces for biomedical applications",[J]Biomaterials,25(4),(2004),pp.593-606.
[13]沈嘉年,宋江江"钛上阳极氧化生成TiO_2光催化薄膜的结构与性能.[J].稀有金属材料与工程,33(10),(2004),pp.1076-1079.
[14]肖美群,沈嘉年,李谋成.添加Fe~(3+)对二氧化钛薄膜吸收光谱及光催化活性的影响.[J].上海金属,4.(2004),pp.13-16.
[15]武鹏飞,李谋成,肖美群.阳极氧化法制备光电化学防腐蚀二氧化钛薄膜[J].电化学,10(3),(2004),PP.353-357.
[16]宋江江,沈嘉年,李凌峰,姚书典.电化学氧化生长纳米晶TiO_2光催化薄膜结构与性能表征,[J]中国腐蚀与防护学报,22(2),(2002),pp.98-102.
[17]沈嘉年,宋江江,马寒冰等.电化学氧化生长纳米晶TiO_2光催化薄膜,[M]2002年上海纳米科技发展研讨会论文集,pp.368-73.
[18]A.Aladjem,"anodic oxidation of titanium and its alloys",[J]J.Mater.Sci,8,(1973),pp.688-708.
[19]A.K.Sharma,H.Bhojarag,"Anodizing titanium for space applications,products and applications",in:Proceddings of Technical Program from the International Conference,[M]Titanium Development Association publisher,(1990),Vol.1,pp.282-289.
[20]M.lwasaki,Y.Iwasaki,H.Tada' S.Ito,"One-Pot Process for anodic oxide films of titanium with high photocatalytic activity",[J]Mater.Trans.,45,(2004),pp.1607-1612.
[21]Y.Mohd,D.Pletcher,"The influence of deposition conditions and dopant ions on the structure,activity and stability of lead dioxide anode coatings",[J]J.Electrochem.Soc.,152,(2005),pp.D97-D102.
[22]C.Massaro,P.Rotolo,F.De Riecards,E.Milella,A.Napoli et al.,"Comparative investigation of the surface properties of commercial titanium dental implants.Part Ⅰ:Chemical composition",[J]J.Mater.Sci.Mater.Med,13,(2002),pp.535-548.
[23]J.R.Birch,T.D.Burleigh,"Oxides Formed on Titanium by Polishing,Etching,Anodizing,or Thermal Oxidizing",[J]Corrosion,56(12),(2000),pp.1233-1241.
[24]R.Palombari,M.Ranchella,C.Rol,G.V.Sebastiani,"Oxidative photoelectrochemical technology with Ti /TiO_2 anodes".[J]Sol.Energ.Mat.Sol.Cell.71(2002),pp.359-368.
[25]S.Tanaka,M.Aonuma,N.Hirose,T.Tanaki,"The preparation of porous TiO_2 by immersing Ti in NaOH solution".[J]J.Electrochem.Soc.149(11),(2002),pp.D167-D171.
[26]S.Tanaka,N.Hirose,T.Tanaki,"Effect of the temperature and concentration of NaOH on the formation of porous TiO_2",[J]J.Electrochem.Soc.,152(12),(2005),pp.C789-C794.
[27]J.R.Scully,"Polarization Resistance Method for Determination of Instantaneous Corrosion Rates",[J]Corrosion,56,(2000),pp.199-202.
[28]J.C.Myland,K.B.Oldham,"Which of three voltammetric methods,when applied to a reversible electrode reaction,can best cope with double-layer capacitance and severe uncompensated resistance",[J]Anal.Chem.,72,(2000),pp.3210-3217.
[29]G.A.Ragoisha,A.S.Bondarenko,"Electrochemistry:New research potentiodynamic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy",M.Nunez(Ed.),[M]Nova Science Publ.,New York,(2005),Chapter 3:pp.51-75.
[30]S.Panayotis,E.Karagiannidou,A.-Eleni Magoula,"Influence of titanium dioxide pigments on the photodegradation of paraloid acrylic resin",[J]Studies in Conservation,48,(2003),pp.57-64.
[31]L.Zhao,Y.Yun,S.Lixin,H.Xinfang,"Synthesis and characterization of nanostructured Titania film for photocatalysis"[J]Appl.Surf.Sci.,239,(2005),pp.285-291.
[32]T.E.Doll,F.H.Frimmd,"Cross-flow microfiltration with periodical back-washing for photocatalytic degradation of pharmaceutical and diagnostic residues-evaluation of the long-term stability of the photocatalytic activity of TiO_2",[JI Water Res.,39,(2005),pp.847-854.
[33]J.Kirchnerova,M.L.Herrera,C.Guy,D.Klvana,"Photocatalytic oxidation of n-butanol under fluorescent visible light lamp over commercial TiO_2(hombicat UV100and Degussa P25)",[J]Appl.Catal.A,282,(2005),pp.321-332.
[34]D.Vione,M.E.Carlotti,"Inhibition of the photocatalytic degradation of benzoic and salicylic acid by nontoxic aromatic compounds"[J]J.Dispersion Sci.Technoi.,26(2),(2005),pp.163-168.
[35]O.Toshiaki,I.Mitsunobu,T.Hiroaki,A.Tomoki,et al.,"Low-temperature synthesis of anatase-brookite composite nanocrystals:the junction effect on photocatalytic activity"[J]J.Col.Inteff.Sci.,281(2),(2005),pp.510-513.
[36]K.M.Gopal,M.A.Carvalho,O.K.Varghese,M.V.Pishko,C.A.Grimes,"A room-temperature TiO_2-nanotube hydrogen sensor able to self-clean photoactively from environmental contamination",[J]J.Mater.Res.,19(2)(2004),pp.628-631.
[37]Loddo V,Marci G,Martin C,"Preparation and characterisation of TiO_2(anatase)supported on TiO_2(rutile) catalysts employed for 4-nitrophenol photodegradation in aqueous medium and comparison with TiO_2(anatase) supported on Al_2O_3",[J]Appl Catal B:Environ,20,(1999),pp.29-45.
[38]H.Ma,L.F.Liu,F.L.Yang,X.W.Zhang,et al.,"Immobilized TiO_2 and Its Photocatalytic Application in Removing Nitrogen from Water",[J]Photogr.Sci.Photochem.,24,(2006),pp.17-27.
[39]H.D.Jang,K.Seong-Kil,K.Seung-Jin,"Effect of particle size and phase composition of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on the photocatalytic properties",[J]J.Nanopartilce Res.,3(2-3),(2001),pp.141-147.
[40]高濂.纳米氧化钛光催化材料及应用[M].化学工业出版社,(2002),vol.7,pp.39-53.
[41]V.Augugliaro,V.Loddo,L.Palmisano,M Schiavello,"Performance of Heterogeneous photocatalytic systems:influence of operational variables on photoactivity of aqueous suspension of TiO_2",[J]J.Catal.,153(1),(1995),pp.32-40.
[42]W.Gopel,J.A.Anderson,D.Frankel,M.Jaehnig,K.Phillips,J.A.Schafer,G.Rocker,"Surface defects of TiO_2(110):a combined XPS,XAES and ELS study",[J]Surf Sci.,139,(1984),pp.333-346.
[43]J.K.Burdett,T.Hughbanks,G.J.Miller,J.W.Richardson,J.V.Smith,"Structural-Electronic Relationships in Inorganic Solids:Powder Neutron Diffraction Studies of the Rutile and Anatase Polymorphs of Titanium Dioxide at 15K and 295K",[J]J.Am.Chem.Soc.,109,(1987),pp.3639-3646.
[44]G.B.Ekoko,S.Jianian,S.XianRong,L.Dong,L.Moucheng,S.Juan,Y.Shudian,
"Photocatalytic activity of manganese,chromium and cobalt doped-anatase TiO_2nanoporous electrodes produced bv re-anodization method",[J]Thin Solid Films,515(13),(2007),pp.5287-5297
[45]G.B.Ekoko,S.Jianian,S.XianRong,L.Dong,L.Moucheng,"A Three- Step Electrochemical method designed for the production of nickel and platinum doped-TiO_2multi-nanoporous thin-film electrodes:An Application in the degradation of acid red G",[J]Journal of Harzadous Materials,(2007),(article accepted and in press)
[46]O.Han-Jun,L.Jong-Ho,Y.Jeong,K.Beom-Su et al.,"Influnence of electrolytic mediums on the microstructures of anodic titania",[J]Solid State Phenomena,124-126,(2007),pp.1773-1776.
[47]Y.Mohd,D.Pletcher,"The influence of deposition conditions and dopant ions on the structure,activity and stability of lead dioxide anode coatings",[J]J,Electrochem.Soc.,152,(2005),pp.D97-D102.
[48]http://www.mc.mat.shibaura-it.ac.jp/～plaza/chap331.html(as on 2005.01.12).
[49]J.P.O'Sullivan,G.C.Wood,"The morphology and mechanism of formation of porous anodic films on alummium",[J]Proceedings of the Royal Society of London.Series A,317(1531),(1970),pp.511-543.
[50]V P Parkhutik,V I Shershulsky,"Theoretical modelling of porous oxide growth on aluminium",[J]J.Phys.D,25,(1992),pp.1258-1263.
[51]W.Sujarid,P.Pongkao,D.Durreutai,Y.Yasuaki,T.Wotanabe et al.,"Direct fabrication of TiO_2 nanoparticles deposited on hydroxyapatite crystals under mild hydrothermal conditions",[J]J.Nanosci.Nanotech.,5(6),(2005),pp.875-879.
[52]B.Yang,M.Uchida,H.M.Kim,X.Zhang,T.Kokubo,"Preparation of bioacave titanium metal via anodic oxidation treatment",[J]Biomaterials,25(6),(2004),pp.1003-1010.
[53]A.Mills,S.L.Hunte,"An overview of semiconductor photocatalysis",[J]J Photochem.Photobiol.A,108,(1997),pp.1-35.
[54]J.C.Yu,H.Y.Tang,J.G.Yu et al.,"Bactericidal and photocatalytic activities of TiO_2 thin films prepared by sol-gel and reverse micelle methods",[J]J Photochem.Photobiol.A,153,(2002),pp.211-19.
[55]A.Fujishima,N.T.Rao,D.A.Tryk,"Titanium dioxide photocatalysis",IJ]J Photochem.Photobiol.C,1,(2000),pp.1-21.
[56]Q.H.Zhang,L.Gao,J.K.Guo,"Effects of calcination on the photocatalytic properties of nanosized TiO_2 powders prepared hy TiCl_4 hydrolysis",[J]Appl.Catal,B,26,(2000),pp.207-15.
[57]J.C.Yu,J.G.Yu,L.F.Liu el al.,"Enhanced photocatalytic activity of mesoporous and ordinary TiO_2 thin films by sulfuric acid treatment",[J]Appl.Catal.B,36,(2002),pp.31-43.
[58]H.Okuyama,K.Honma,S.Ohno,"Photocatalytic activity of ultrafine TiO_2 particles synthesized by an RF plasma CVD",[J]J.Japan Inst.Metals,63(1),(1999),pp.74-81.
[59]L.Zhao,Y.Yu,L.Song,X.Hu,A.Larbot,"Synthesis and characterization of nanostructured titania film for photocatalysis",[J]Appl.Surf.Sci.,239(3-4)(2005),pp.285-291.
[1]J.Zhu,F.Chen,J.Zhang,H.Chen,M.Anpo,"Fe~(3+)-TiO_2 photocatalysts prepared by combining sol-gel method with hydrothermal treatment and their characterization",[J]J.Photochem.Photobiol.A,180,(2006),pp.196-204.
[2]L.Sung-Hwan,W.M.Sigmund,"Synthesis of anatase-silver nanocomposite fibers via electrospinning",[J]J.Nanosci.Nanotechnol.,6(2),(2006),pp.554-557.
[3]J.G.Yu,H.G.Yu,C.H.Ao,S.C.Lee,J.C.Yu,W.K.Ho,"Preparation,Characterization and Photocatalytic Activity of in-situ Fe-doped TiO_2 Thin Films",[J]Thin Solid Films,496,(2006),pp.273-280.
[4]M.Hirano,K.Matsushima,"Effect of Niobium on the Structure and Photoactivity of Anatase(TiO_2) Nanoparticles",[J]J.Nanosci.Nanoteehnol.,6,(2006),pp.762-770.
[5]A.Socha,E.Chrzescijanska,E.Kusmierek,"Photoelectrochemical treatment of 1-amino-8-hydroxynaphthalene-3,6-disulphonic acid at electrode covered with TiO_2/RuO_2",[J]Dyes and Pigments,71,(2006),pp.19-25.
[6]L.Wu,J.C.Yu,X.Z.Fu,"Characterization and photocatalytic mechanism of nanosized CdS Coupled TiO_2 nanocrystals under visible light irradiation",[J]J.Mol.Catal.A,244,(2006),pp.25-32.
[7]W.K.Ho,J.C.Yu,"Sonochemical synthesis and visible light photocatalytic behavior of CdSe and CdSe/TiO_2 Nanoparticles",[J]J.Mol.Catal.A,247,(2006),pp.268-274.
[8]J.Suk Jang,S.Hee Choi,H.Park,W.Choi,J.Sung Lee,"A composite photocatalyst of CdS nanoparticles deposited on TiO_2 nanosheets"[J]J.Nanosci.Nanotechnol.,6,(2006),pp.3642-3646.
[9]J.C.Yu,G.S.Li,X.C.Wang,X.L.Hu,C.W.Leung,Z.D.Zhang,"An ordered cubic Im3m mesoporous Cr-TiO_2 visible-light photocatalyst"[J]Chem.Commun.,25,(2006),pp.2717-2719.
[10]M.A.Barakat,G.Hayes,S.I,Shah,"Effect of Cobalt doping on the phase transformation of TiO_2 nanoparticles",[J]J.Nanosci.Nanotechnol.,,10,(2005),pp.1-7.
[11]T.Hirakawa,P.V.Kamat,"Charge separation and catalytic activity of Ag at TiO_2core-shell composite clusters under UV-irradiation",[J]J.Am.Chem.Soc.,127,(2005),pp.3928-3934.
[12]A.Iwase,H.Kato,A.Kudo,"A novel photodeposition method in the presence of nitrate ions for loading of an iridium oxide cocatalyst for water splitting",[J]Chem.Lett.,34,(2005),pp.946-949.
[13]K.Moon-Sun,R.Chun-Soo,K Byung-Woo,"Effect of ferric ion added on photodegradation of alachlor in the presence of TiO_2 and UV radiation",[J]Water Res.,39,(2005),pp.525-532.
[14]M.Zhang,Z.Jin,J.Zhang,Z.Zhang,H.Dang,"Effect of calcination and reduction treatment on the photocatalytic activity of CO oxidation on Pt/TiO_2",[J]J.Mol.Catal.A,225.,(2005),pp.59-63.
[15]M.A.Barakat,H.Schaeffer,G.Hayes,S.I.Shah,"Photocatalytic degradation of 2-chlorophenol by Co-doped TiO_2 nanoparticles",[J]Appl.Catal.B,57,(2004),pp.23-3.
[16]W.Chun-Guey,C.Chia-Cheng,K.Fang-Ting,W.Jeffrey.,W.Ben-Zu,"Enhancement of the photo catalytic performance of TiO_2 catalysts via transition metal modification",[J]Catal.Today,97,(2004),pp.103-112.
[17]V.Subramanian,E.E.Wolf,P.V.Kamat,"Catalysis with TiO_2/gold nanocomposites.Effect of metal particle size on the Fermi level equilibration",[J]J.Am.Chem.Soc.,126,(2004),pp.4943-4950.
[18]S.Saktivel,M.V.Shankar,M.Palanichamy,B.Arabindoo,"D.W.Bahnemann,Enhancement of photocatalytic activity by metal deposition:Characterization and photonic efficiency of Pt,Au and Pd deposited on TiO_2 catalyst",[J]Water Res.,38.(2004),pp.3001-3008.
[19]W,Macyk,G.Burgeth,H.Kisch,"Photoelectrochemical properties of platinum(Ⅳ)chloride surface modified TiO_2",[J]Photochem Photobiol Sci.2(3),(2003),pp.322-328.
[20]E.Piera,M.I.Tejedor-Tejedor,M.E.Zom,A.Anderson,"Relationship concerning the nature and concentration of Fe(Ⅲ) species on the surface of TiO_2 particles and photocatalytic activity of the catalyst",[J]Appl.Catal.B.,46,(2003),pp.671-685.
[21]S.I.Shah,W.Li,C.P.Huang,O.Jung,C.Ni,"Study of Nd~(3+),Pd~(2+),Pt~(4+),and Fe~(3+)dopant effect on photoreactivity of TiO_2 nanoparticles",[J]Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA,.99(Suppl.2),(2002),pp.6482-6486.
[22]F.B.Li,X.Z.Li,"The enhancement of photodegradation efficiency using Pt-TiO_2catalyst",[J]Chromosphere,48,(2002),pp.1103-1111.
[23]N.Venkatram,R.Sai Santosh Kumar,D.Narayana Rao,S.K.Medda,S.De,G.De,"Nonlinear optical absorption and switching properties of gold Nanoparticle doped SiO_2-TiO_2 sol-gel films",[J]J.Nanosei.Nanotechnol.,6,(2006),pp.1990-1994.
[24]S.V Awate,N.E.Jacob,S.S.Deshpande,T.R.Gaydhankar,et al.,"Synthesis,characterization and photo catalytic degradation of aqueous eosin over Cr containing Ti/MCM-41 and SiO_2-TiO_2 catalysts using visible light",[J]J. Mol.Catal.A,226,(2005),pp.149-154.
[25]X.Zhang,Z.Minghua,L.Lecheng,"Preparation of anatase TiO_2 supported on alumina by different metal organic chemical vapor deposition methods",[J]J.Appl.Catal.A,282,(2005),pp.285-293.
[26]G.Zhenfang,G.Danying M.Jin,"Immobilization and photocatalytic activity of TiO_2nanoparticles on porous aluminium foil",[J]J.Dispers.Sci.Technol.,26(2),(2005),pp.169-171.
[27]Y.Murata,H.Tawara,H.Obata and K.Takeuchi,Air purifying pavement:Development of photocatalytic concrete blocks.J.Adv.Oxid.Technol.4(1999),pp.227-230.
[28]D.Makoto,S.Saka,H.Miyafuji,"Development Of carbonized TiO_2-woody composites for environmental cleaning",[J]Mater.Sci.Res.Int.,6,(2000),pp.15-19.
[29]D.Damitriu,A R Bally,C.Ballif,"Photocatalytic degradation of phenol by TiO_2thin films prepared by sputtering ring",[J]App.Catal.B,25,(2000),pp.83-87.
[30]O.Chihiro,A.Shigendo,O.J.Yoshiaki,"Crystallization of hydrothermally treated TiO_2 pillards in pillard montmorillonite for improvement of the photocatalytic activity",[J]Mater.Chem.,9,(1999),pp.2943-2956.
[31]Y.Matsumoto,M.Murakami,J.Zhangwu,"Combinatorial synthesis and high through put evaluation of doped TiO_2 thin films for the development of photocatalysts",[J]J.Proc.SPIE-Int.Soc.Opt.Eng.3941,(2000),pp.19-27.
[32]G.Ekoko Bakambo,S.Jianian,S.XianRong.L.Dong,Moucheng,S.Juan,Y.Shudian,"Photocatalytic activity of manganese,chromium and cobalt doped-anatase TiO_2 nanoporous electrodes produced by re-anodization method".[J]Thin Solid Films,515(13),(2007),pp.5287-5397.
[33]G.Ekoko Bakambo,Jianian Shen,XianRong Sun,Dong Liu,Moucheng Li,Juan Sun,"A Three- Step Electrochemical method designed for the production of nickel and platinum doped- TiO2 multi-nanoporous thin-film electrodes:An Application in the degradation of acid red G",J.Harzad.Mater.(article accepted)
[34]S.Jianian,L.Moucheng,L.Dong,S.XianRong,G.Ekoko Bakambo,Y.Shudian,B.Wan,"Effects of applied bias and dopants on the photocatalytic degradation of aqueous dye solution by TiO_2/Ti electrode".[J]Materials Science Forum,Vols.539-543,(2007),pp.2240-2245.
[35]S.XianRong,S.Jianian,G.Ekoko Bakambo,L.Dong,L.Moucheng,S.Juan,"Effet of Applied anodic potential bias on Ti/TiO_2 electrode upon photocatalytic degradation of Methylene Blue",[J]Rare Metals Materials and Engineering,35(11),(2006),pp.1770-1774.
[36]C.A.Morris,M L Anderson,R M Stroud,"Silica sol as nanoglue:Flexible synthesis of composite aerogels",[J]Science,23.(1999),pp.622-624.
[37]D Byun,Y Yin,D Kirn,"Photocatalytic TiO_2 deposition by chemical vapor deposition".[J]J.Hazard.Mater.,73,(2000),pp.199-203.
[38]L.Davydov,F.P.Amaat,S.P.George,"Photocatalytic degradation of organic compounds",[M]U.S Patent N_0.6585863,1 Jul.2003.
[39]H.B.Michaelson,"The work function of the elements and its periodicity",[J]J.Appl.Phys.,48(11),(1977),pp.4729.
[40]T.Sasaki,N.Koshizaki,J.W.Yoon,K.M.Beck,"Preparation of Pt/TiO_2nanocomposite thin films by pulsed laser deposition and their photoelectrochemical behaviors",[J]J.Photochem.Photobiol.A,145,(2001),pp.11-16.
[41]G.L.Zhao,H.Kozuka,T.Yoko,"Sol-gel preparation and photoelectrochemical properties of TiO_2 films containing Au and Ag metal particles",[J]Thin Solid Films,277,(1996),pp.147-154.
[42]C.Nordling,J.Osterman,"Physics Handbook for Science and Engineering",6~(th)Edition,[M]Lund Publisher,Sweden,(1999).
[43]J Richard,S R Lewis,"Hawley's condensed chemical dictionary",12~(th) Edition,[M]Van Nostrand Reinhold Company,New York,(1993).
[44]M.Muller,T.I.Kamins,"Device Electronics for Integrated Circuits",2~(nd) Edition,[M]Wiley & Sons,(1986),Chapter 3.
[45]S.M.Sze,"Physics of Semiconductor Devices",2~(nd) Edition,[M]Wiley & Sons,(1981),Chapter 5.
[46]A.M.Baraka,H.A.Hamed,H.H.Shaarawy,"Electrodeposition of rhodium metal on titanium substrates",[J]Anti-Corros.Method.Mater.49(4),(2002),pp.282-286.
[47]I.Vrublevsky,V.Parkoun,V.Sokol,J.Schreckenbach,"Study of chemical dissolution of the barrier oxide layer of porous alumina films formed in oxalic acid using a re-anodizing technique",[J]Appl.Surf.Sci.236,(2004),pp.270-277.
[48]I.Vrublevsky,V.Parkoun,J.Schreckenbach,G.Max,"Study of porous oxide film growth on aluminum in oxalic acid using a re-anodizing technique",[J]Appl.Surf.Sci.227,(2004),pp.282-292.
[49]I.Vrublevsky,V.Parkoun,V.Sokol,J.Schreckenbach,G.Max,"The study of the volume expansion of aluminum during porous oxide formation at galvanostatic regime"[J]Appl.Surf.Sci.,222,(2004),pp.215-225.
[50]O.John,B.N.Stephen,D.Sarah,"Azo dye location in textiles:a novel UV-vis approach",[J]Color.Technol,121(5),(2005),pp.237-244.
[51]J.R.Birch,T.D.Burieigh,"Oxides Formed on Titanium by Polishing,Etching,Anodizing,or Thermal Oxidizing",[J]Corrosion,56(12),(2000),pp.1233-1241.
[52]R.Palombari,M.Ranchella,C.Rol,G.V.Sebastiani,"Oxidative photoelectrochemical technology with Ti /TiO_2 anodes".[J]Sol.Energ.Mat.Sol.Cell.71,(2002),pp.359-368.
[53]T.Ohsaka,F.Izumi,Y.Fujiki,"Raman spectrum of anatase,TiO_2",[J]J.Raman Spectrosc.,7,(1978),pp.321-324.
[54]U.Balachandran,N.G.Eror,"Raman spectra of titanium dioxide",[J]J.Solid State Chem,42(1982),pp.276-282.
[55]J.Y.Shi,W.H.Leng,W.C.Zhu,J.Q.Zhang,C.N.Cao,"Electrochemically Assisted Photocatalytic Oxidation of Nitrite over Cr-Doped TiO_2 under Visible Light",[J]Chem.Eng.Technol.,29(1),(2006),pp,146-154.
[56]T.A.McMurray,J.A.Byme,P.S.M Dunlop,E.T.McAdams,"Photocatalytic and electrochemically assisted photocatalytic oxidation of formic acid on TiO_2 films under UVA and UVB irradiation",[J]J.Appl.Electrothem.,35,(2005),pp.723-731.
[57]C.Junshui,L.Meichuan,Z.Jidong,Y.Xiangyang et al.,"Photocatalytic degradation of organic wastes by electrochemically assisted TiO_2 photocatalytic system ",[J]J.Environ.Manage,70(1),(2004),pp.43-47.
[55]C.He,Y.Xiong'Z.Xihai,"A novel method for improving photocatalytic activity of TiO_2 film:the combination of Ag deposition with application of external electric field",[J]Thin Solid Films,422,(2002),pp.235-238.
[59]A.Taicheng,Z.Xihai,Y.Xiong,"Synergic degradation of reactive brilliant red X-3B using three dimension electrode-photocatalytic reactor",[J]Mater.Phys.Mech.,4,(2001),pp 101-106.
[60]A.Taicheng,L.Guiying,Y.Xiong,"Photoelectrochemical degradation of methylene blue with nano TiO_2 under high potential bias",[J]J.Environ.Sci.Health A:36(10),(2001),pp 2069-2082.
[61]K.Vinodgopal,P.V.Kamat,"Electrochemically assisted photocatalysis using nanocrystalline semiconductor thin films",[J]Sol.Energy Mater.Sol.Calls 38,(1995),pp.401-410.
[62]K.Vinodgopal,U.Stafford,K.A.Gray,P.V.Kamat,"Electrochemically Assisted Photolysis.Ⅱ.The Role of Oxygen and Reaction Intermediates in the Degradation of 4-chlorophenol on Immobilized TiO_2 Particulate Films",[J]J.Phys.Chem.,98,(1994),pp.6797-6803.
[63]A.Fujishima,K.Honda,"Electrochemical Photolysis of Water at a Semiconductor Electrode",[J]Nature,238,(1972),pp.37-38.
[64]S.Matsuo,N.Sakaguchi,E.Obuchi,K.Nakano,R.et al.,,"X-ray absorption spectral analyses by theoretical calculations for TiO2/ and Ni-Doped TiO2/thin films on glass plates",[J]Anal.Sci..,17(1),(2001),pp.148-153.
[65]N.R.de Tacconi,M.Mrkic,K.Rajeshwar,"Photoelectrochemical oxidation of aqueous sulfite on Ni-TiO_2 composite film electrodes",[J]Langmuir,16,(2000),pp.8426-8430.
[66]N.R.de Tacconi,C.A.Boyle.K.Rajeshwar,"Surface morphology/composition and photo-electrochemical Behavior of Metal-Semiconductor Composite Films",[J]Langmuir,16,(2000),pp.5672-5776.
[67]N.R.de Tacconi,H.Wenren,D.Mc Chesney,K.Rajeshwar."Photoelectrochemical oxidation of formate ions on nickel-titanium dioxide nanocomposite electrodes:unusual high current doubling yields and manifestation of a site proximity effect",[J]Langmuir,14(1995),pp.2933-2936.
[68]N.R.de Tacconi,J.Carmona,K.Rajeshwar,"Chemically modified Ni/TiO_2nanocomposite films:charge transfer from photoexcited TiO_2 particles to hexacyanoferrate redox centers within the film and unusual photoelectrochemical behavior",[J]J.Phys.Chem.B,101,(1997),pp.10151-10154.
[69]D.A.Pena,B.S.Uphade,P.G.Smimiotis,"TiO_2-supported metal oxide catalysts for low-temperature selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH_3I.Evaluation and characterization of first row transition metals",[J]J.Catal.,221(2),(2004),pp.421-431.
[70]J.J.Criado,B.Macias,C.Martin,V.Rives,"Physicochemical characterization of oxide Co-TiO_2 and Mn-TiO_2 systems",[J]J.Mater.Sci.,20(4),(1984),pp.1427-1430.
[71]P.V.Kamat,Photophysical,"Photochemical and Photocatalytic Aspects of Metal Nanoparticles",[J]J.Phys.Chem.B,106,(2002),pp.7729-7744.
[72]H.Gerischer,A.Heller,"The role of oxygen in photooxidation of organic molecules on semiconductor particles",[J]J.Phys.Chem.95,(1991),pp.5261-5267.
[73]A.Linsbigler,C.Rusu,Y.T.Yates,"Absence of Platinum Enhancement of a Photoreaction on TiO_2-CO Photooxidation on Pt/TiO_2(110)",[J]J.Am.Chem.Soc.,118,(1996),pp.5284-5289.
[74]P.V.Kamat,"Photoinduced transformation in semiconductor-metal nanocomposite assemblies",[J]Pure Appl.Chem.,74,(2002),pp.1693-1706.
[75]D.Liu,R.W.Fessenchen,G.L.Hug,P.V.Kamat,"Dye Capped Semiconductor Nanoclusters.Role of Back Electron Transfer in the Photosensitization of SnO_2Nanocrystallites with Cresyl Violet Aggregates",[J]J.Phys.Chem.B,101,(1997),pp.2583-2590.
[76]F.Meschke,F.Dias,J.Tietz,"Porous Ni/TiO_2 substrates for planar solid oxide fuel cell applications",[J]J.Mater.Sci.,36,(2001),pp.5719-5728.
[77]H.Yamashima,Y.Ichihashi,M.Takeuchi,S.Kishiguchi,M.Anpo,"Characterization of metal ion-implanted titanium oxide photocatalysts operating under visible light irradiation",[J]J.Synchroton Radiat.6,(1999),pp.451-452.
[78]S.Yin,W.Jihuai,I.Daisuke,OTatsuya,T.Sato,"Synthesis and photochemical properties of HTaWO_6/(Pt,TiO_2) nanocomposite under visible light irradiation",[J]Composite Interfaces,11(2),(2004),pp.195-204.
[79]H.Kozuka,G.Zhao,S.Sakka,"Control of optical properties of gel-derived oxide coating films containing fine metal particles",[J]J.Sol-Gel Sci.Technol.,2,(1994),pp.741-744.
[80]B.O'Regan,M.Gratzel,"A low-cost,high-efficiency solar cell based on dye-sensitized colloidal TiO_2 films",[J]Nature,353.(1991),pp.737-740.
[81]K Hiehata,A Sasahara,H Onishi,"Local work function analysis of Pt/TiO_2photocatalyst by a Kelvin probe force microscope",[J]Nanotechnology,18(8),(2007),pp.84007.
[1]M.A Brown,C.S.DeVito,"Predicting Azo Dye Toxicity",[J]Crit.Rev.Env.Sci..,23,(1993),pp.249-324.
[2]S.J.Perey,L.Brian,C.Pei,H.Chin-Pao,C.K.Daniel,"Enhanced Biodegradation of Azo Dyes Using an Integrated Elemental Iron-Activated Sludge System:Ⅱ.Effects of Physical-Chemical Parameters",[J]Water Environ.Res.78,(2006),pp.26-30.
[3]O.John,B.N.Stephen,D.Sarah,"Azo dye location in textiles:a novel UV-vis approach",[J]Color.Technol.,121(5),(2005),pp.237-244.
[4]W.Rongcheng,Q.Jiuhui,"Removal of azo dye by magnetite adsorption-Fenton oxidation",[J]Water Environ.Res.76,(2004),pp 2637-2640.
[5]M.T.Wong,W.T.Liu,"Microbial succession of glycogen accumulating organisms in an anaerobic-aerobic membrane bioreactor with no phosphorus removal",[J]Water Sci.Technol.54(1),(2006),pp.29-37.
[6]K.Okawa,T.Y.Tsai,Y.Nakano,W.Nishijima,M.Okada,"Effects of metal ions on decomposition of chlorinated organic substances by ozonation in acetic acid",[J]Chemosphere,58(4),(2005),pp.523-527.
[7]K.M.Lee,P.E.Lim,"Bioregeneration of powdered activated carbon in the treatment of alkyl-substituted phenolic compounds in simultaneous adsorption and biodegradation processes",[J]Chemosphere,58(4),(2005),pp.407-416.
[8]S.J.Zhang,H.Q.Yu,Q.R.Li,"Radiolytic degradation of acid orange 7:a mechanistic study",[J]Chemosphere,61(7),(2005),pp.1003-1011.
[9]W.M.Von Zharen,"ISO 14001:Positioning Your Organization for Environmental Success",[M]Rowman & Littlefield Pub Inc,2001.
[10]S.Teekateerawej,J.Nishino,Y.Nosaka,"Design and evaluation of photocatalytic micro-channel reactors using TiO_2-coated porous ceramics",[J]J.Photochem.Photobiol.A,179(3),(2006),pp.263-268.
[11]D.Fabbri,L.S.Villata,A.B.Prevot,A.L.Capparelli,E.Pramauro,"Photocatalytic degradation of DNOC in aqueous TiO_2 dispersions:Investigation of the initial reaction steps",[J]J.Photochem.Photobiol.A,180(1-2),(2006),pp.157-164.
[12]C.C.Chen,C.S.Lu,Y.C.Chung,"Photocatalytic degradation of ethyl violet in aqueous solution mediated by TiO_2 suspensions",[J]J.Photochem.Photobiol.A,181(1),(2006),pp.120-125.
[13]N.Guettai,H.Ait Amar,"Photocatalytic oxidation of methyl orange in presence of titanium dioxide in aqueous suspension.Pat Ⅰ:Parametric study",[J]Desalination 185,(2005),pp.427-437.
[14]C.Bauer,P.Jacques,A.Kalt,"Investigation of the interaction between a sulfonated azo dye(AO7) and a TiO_2 surface",[J]Chem.Phys.Lett.307,(1999),pp.397-406.
[15]G.Ekoko Bakambo,S.Jianian,S.XianRong,L.Dong,Moucheng,S.Juan,Y.Shudian,"Photocatalytic activity of manganese,chromium and cobalt doped-anatase TiO_2 nanoporous electrodes produced by re-anodization method".[J]Thin Solid Films,515(13),(2007),pp.5287-5397.
[16]G.Ekoko Bakambo,Jianian Shen,XianRong Sun,Dong Liu,Moucheng Li,Juan Sun,"A Three-Step Electrochemical method designed for the production of nickel and platinum doped-TiO_2 multi-nanoporous thin-film electrodes:An Application in the degradation of acid red G",J.Harzad.Mater.(article accepted)
[17]C Sawyer,P McCarty,G Parkin,"Chemistry for Environmental Engineering and Science".5th ed,[M]McGraw-Hill,New York,2003.
[18]H Lacheheb,E Puzenat,A Houas,"Photocatalytic degradation of various types of dyes(Alizarin S,Crocein Orange G,Methyl Red,Congo Red,Methylene Blue) in water by UV-irradiated titania",[J]Appl.Catal.B:Envrion,39,(2002),pp.75-90.
[19]PV.Kamat,"Photophysical,Photochemical and Photocatalytic Aspects of Metal Nanoparticles",[J]J.Phys.Chem.B,106,(2002),pp.7729-7744.
[20]D.Liu,R.W.Fessenchen,G.L.Hug,P.V.Kamat,"Dye Capped Semiconductor Nanoclusters.Role of Back Electron Transfer in the Photosensitization of SnO_2Nanocrystallites with Cresyl Violet Aggregates",[J]J.Phys.Chem.B,101,(1997),pp.2583-2590.
[21]J.L.Richard,"Condensed Chemical Dictionary",14th Edition,G.H.Gessner (Ed),[M]John Wiley & Sons,Canada,2001.
[22]T.Sasaki,N.Koshizaki,J.W.Yoon,K.M.Beck,"Preparation of Pt/TiO_2nanocomposite thin films by pulsed laser deposition and their photoelectrochemical behaviors",[J]J.Photochem.Photobiol.A,145,(2001),pp.11-16.
[23]G.L.Zhao,H.Kozuka,T.Yoke,"Sol-gel preparation and photoelectrochemical properties of TiO_2 films containing Au and Ag metal particles",[J]Thin Solid Films ,277,(1996),pp.147-154.
[24]F.B.Li,X.Z.Li,"The enhancement of photodegradation efficiency using Pt-TiO_2catalyst",[J]Chromosphere,48,(2002),pp.1103-1111.
[25]H Gerischer,A Heller,"The role of oxygen in photooxidation of organic molecules on semiconductor particles",[J]J.Phys.Chem.,95,(1991),pp.5261-5267.
[26]A Linsbigler,C Rusu,Y T Yates,"Absence of Platinum Enhancement of a Photoreaction on TiO_2-CO Photooxidation on Pt/TiO_2(110)",[J]J.Am.Chem.Soc.,118,(1996),pp.5284-5289.
[27]J M Herrmann,W Mu,P Pichat,"Catalysis surface,in:Heterogeneous catalysis and fine chemicals Ⅱ",Guisnet(ed.),[M]Elsevier,Amsterdam,1999,p.405.
[28]E.Bizani,K.Fytianos,I.Poulios,V.Tsiridis,"Photocatalytic decolorization and degradation of dye solutions and wastewaters in the presence of titanium dioxide",[J]J.Hazard.Mater.,137,(2006),pp.85-94.
[29]M.Muruganandham,M.Swaminathan,"TiO2-UV photocatalytic oxidation of Reactive Yellow 14:effect of operational parameters",[J]J.Hazard.Mater.,135,(2006),pp.78-86.
[30]K.H.Chan,W.Chu,"Atrazine Removal by Catalytic Oxidation Processes with or without UV Irradiation.Part Ⅰ-Quantification and Rate Enhancement via Kinetic Study",[J]Appl.Catal.B.,58.(2005),pp.157-163.
[31]G.J.Cunningham,G.Al-Sayyed,S.Srijaranai,in:G.R.Helz,R.G.Zepp,D.G.Grosby(Ed.),"Aquatic and surface photochemistry",[M]Lewis Publisher,Boca Raton,1994,p.317.
[32]T.Ohsaka,F.Izumi,Y.Fujild,"Raman spectrum of anatase,TiO_2",[J]J.Raman Spectrosc.,7,(1978),pp.321-324.
[33]U.Balachandran,N.G.Eror,"Raman spectra of titanium dioxide",[J]J.Solid State Chem.,42,(1982),pp.276-282.
[1]W.G.Levine,"Metabolism of Azo Dyes:Implications for Detoxification and Activation",[J]Drug Metab.Rev.,23,(1991),pp.253-309.
[2]M.A Brown,C.S.DeVito,"Predicting Azo Dye Toxicity",[J]Crit Rev Environ Sci Technol.,23,(1993),pp.249-324.
[3]D.Mendez-Paz,F.Omil,J.M.Lema,"Anaerobic treatment of azo dye acid orange 7under bath conditions",[J]Enzyme Microb.Tech.,36,(2005),pp.264-272.
[4]M.M.Tauber,M.G.Guebitz,A.Rehorek,"Degradation of azo dyes by laccase and ultrasound treatment",[J]Appl Environ Microbiol.,71(5),(2005),pp.2600-2606.
[5]S.Rodriguez Couto,M.Sanroman,G.M.Gubitz,"Influence of redox mediators and metal ions on synthetic acid dye decolourization by crude laccase from Trametes hirsute",[J]Chomosphere,58(4),(2005),pp.417-422.
[6]J.Griffiths,C.Hawkins,"Oxidation by singlet oxygen of arylazonaphthols exhibiting azo-hydrazone tautomerism",[J]J.Chem.Soc.Perkin Trans.,2,(1977),pp.747-752.
[7]N.Kawashima,N.Fujimoto,K.Meguro,"Determination of critical micelle concentration of several nonionic surfactants by azo-hydrazone tautomerism of anionic dye",[J]J.Colloid Interf.Sci.,103,(1985),pp.459-465.
[8]C.Bauer,P.Jacques,A.Kalt,"Investigation of the interaction between a sulfonated azo dye(AO7) and a TiO_2 surface",[J]Chem.Phys.Lett.,307.(1999),pp.397-406.
[9]W.Feng,D.Nansheng,H.Helin,"Degradation mechanism of azo dye C.I.reactive red 2 by iron powder reduction and photooxidation in aqueous solutions",[J]Chemosphere,41,(2000),pp.1233-1238.
[10]M.T.Wong,W.T.Liu,"Microbial succession of glycogen accumulating organisms in an anaerobic-aerobic membrane bioreactor with no phosphorus removal",[J]Water Sci.Technol.,54(1),(2006),pp.29-37.
[11]K.Okawa,T.Y.Tsai,Y.Nakano,W.Nishijima,M.Okada,"Effects of metal ions on decomposition of chlorinated organic substances by ozonation in acetic acid",[J]Chemosphere,58(4),(2005),pp.523-527.
[12]K.M.Lee,P.E.Lim,"Bioregeneration of powdered activated carbon in the treatment of alkyl-substituted phenolic compounds in simultaneous adsorption and biodegradation processes",[J]Chemosphere,58(4),(2005),pp.407-416.
[13]S.J.Zhang,H.Q.Yu,Q.R.Li,"Radiolytic degradation of acid orange 7:a mechanistic study",[J]Chemosphere,61(7),(2005),pp.1003-1011.
[14]W.M.Von Zharen,Iso 14001:[M]"Positioning Your Organization for Environmental Success",Rowman & Littlefield Pub Inc,2001.
[15]S.Teekateerawej,J.Nishino,Y.Nosaka,"Design and evaluation of photocatalytic micro-channel reactors using TiO_2-coated porous ceramics",[J]J.Photochem.Photobiol.A,179(3),(2006),pp.263-268.
[16]D.Fabbri,L.S.Villata,A.B.Prevot,A.L.Capparelli,E.Pramauro,"Photocatalytic degradation of DNOC in aqueous TiO_2 dispersions:Investigation of the initial reaction steps",[J]J.Photochem.Photobiol.A,180,(2006),pp.157-164.
[17]C.C.Chen,C.S.Lu,Y.C.Chung,"Photocatalytic degradation of ethyl violet in aqueous solution mediated by TiO_2 suspensions",[J]J.Photochem.Photobiol.A,181,(2006),pp.120-125.
[18]N.Guettai,H.Ait Amar,"Photocatalytic oxidation of methyl orange in presence of titanium dioxide in aqueous suspension.Pat Ⅰ:Parametric study",[J]Desalination 185,(2005),pp.427-437.
[19]E.B.Gracien,S.Jianian,S.Xianrong,L.Dong,L.Moucheng,Y.Shudian,S.Juan,"Photocatalytic activity of manganese,Chromium and cobalt-doped anatase titanium dioxide nanoporous electrodes produced by re-anodization method",[J]Thin Solid Films,515,(2007),pp.5287-5297.
[20]E.B.Gracien,Jianian Shen,XianRong Sun,Dong Liu,Moucheng Li,Juan Sun,A "Three- Step Electrochemical method designed for the production of nickel and platinum doped-TiO_2 multi-nanoporous thin-film electrodes:An Application in the degradation of acid red G",[J]J.Hazard.Mater.,(2007),(article accepted and in press)
[21]S.Irmak,E.Kusvuran,O.Erbatur,"Degradation of 4-chloro-2-methylphenol in aqueous solution by UV irradiation in the presence of titanium dioxide",[J]Appl.Catal.B,54.(2004),pp.85-91.
[22]E.B.Gracien,Jianian Shen,XianRong Sun,Dong Liu,Moucheng Li,"Effect of additive oxidant agent on the discoloration and mineralization of acid orange 7 by using iron-doped titanium dioxide produced by re-anodization method",[J]Chem.Eng.J.,(2007),doi:10.1016/j.cej.2007.05.050.
[23]C Sawyer,P McCarty,G Parkin,[M]"Chemistry for Environmental Engineering and Science".5th ed,McGraw-Hill,New York,2003.
[24]H.Lacheheb,E.Puzenat,A.Houas,M.Ksibi,E.Elaloui,C.Guiilard,J.M.Herrmann,"Photocatalytic degradation of various types of dyes(Alizarin S,Crocein Orange G,Methyl Red,Congo Red,Methylene Blue) in water by UV-irradiated titania",[J]Appl.Catal.B,39,(2002),pp.75-90.
[25]G.Marci,V.Augugliaro,A.Bianco Prevot,C.Baiocchi et al.,"Photocatalytic Oxidation of Methyl-Orange in Aqueous Suspension:Comparison of the Performance of Different Polycrystalline Titanium Dioxide",[J]Annali di Chimica,93,(2003),pp.639-648.
[26]A.Bianeo Prevot,A.Basso,C.Baiocchi,M Pazzi,et al.,"Analytical control of photocatalytic treatment degradation of sulfonated azo dye",[J]Anal.Bioanal.Chem.,378,(2004),pp.214-220.
[27]I.Poulios,I.Tshachpinis,"Photocatalytic Decomposition of Commercial Azo Dye Reactive Black 5",[J]J.Chem.Technol.Biotechnol.,74,(1999),pp.349-352.
[28]H.Zollinger,[M]"Color chemistry,synthesis,properties and applications of organic dyes and pigments",2 nd ed.VCH Publishers,New York,1991.
[29]A.R.Patrica,M.H.Cardoso,A.Cavaco-Paulo,M.T.Ramoltho,"Characterization of azo reduction activity in a novel ascomycete yeast strain",[J]Appl.Environ.Mierobioi.,70,(2004),pp.2279-2288.
[30]W.Z.Tang,Z.Zhang,H.An,M.O.Quintana,et al.,"TiO_2/UV photodegradation of azo dyes in aqueous solutions",[J]Environ.Technol.,18,(1997),pp.1-12.
[31]C.Guillard,H.Lachhed,A.Houas,M.Ksibi,et al.,"Influence of chemical structure of dyes,of pH and of inorganic salts on their photocatalytic degradation by TiO_2comparison of the efficiency of powder and supported TiO_2",[J]Photochem.Photobiol.A,158,(2003),pp.27-36.
[32]X.Weizong,D.Raftery,"Photocatalytic oxidation of 2-propanol on TiO_2 powder and TiO_2 monolayer catalysts studied by solid-state NMR",[J]J.Phys.Chem.B.105,(2001),pp.4343-4349.
[33]F.B.Li,X.Z.Li,"The enhancement of photodegradation efficiency using Pt-TiO_2catalyst",[J]Chromosphere,48(2002),pp.1103-1111.
[34]T.Ohno,S.Izumi,K.Fujihara,Y.Masaki,M.Matsumura,"Vanishing of current-Doubling effect in photooxidation of 2-propanol on TiO_2 in solutions containing Fe (Ⅲ) ions",[J]J.Phys.Chem.B.104,(2000),pp.6801-6808.
[35]G.V.Buxton,C.L.Greenstock,W.P.Helman,A.B.Ross,"Critical review of rate constants for reactions hydrated electrons,hydrogen atoms and hydroxyl radicals in aqueous solution",[J]J.Phys.Chem.Ref.Data,17(1988),pp.513-888.
[36]H.Park,W.Choi,"Visible light and Fe(Ⅲ)-mediated degradation of acid orange 7in the absence of H_2O_2",[J]J.Photochem.Photobiol.A,159,(2003),pp.241-245.
[37]S.R.Cater,M.I.Stefan,J.R.Bolton,A.Safarzadeh-Amiri,"UV/H_2O_2 Treatment of Methyl tert-Butyl Ether in Contaminated Waters",[J]Environ.Sci.Technol.,34,(2000),pp.659-662.
[38]A.Sakthivel,M.V.Shankar,M.Palanichamy,B.Arabindoo,D.W.Bahnemann,V.Murugesan,"Enhanced photocatalytic activity by metal deposition:Characterisation and photonic efficiency of Pt,Au and Pd deposited on TiO_2catalyst",[J]Water Res.,38.(2004),pp.3001-3009.
[39]C.Zhu,L.Wang,L.Kong,X.Yaag et al.,"Photocatalytic degradation of azo dyes by supported TiO_2+UV in aqoueous solution",[J]Chemosphere,41.(2000),pp.303-309.
[40]H.Hidaka,T.Koike,N.Serpone,"Photocatalytic degradation of surfactants.XX.Photooxidation of sodium butylnaphthalenesulfonates",[J]J.Oleo.Sci.,52(5)(2003),pp.245-253.
[41]I.K.Konstantinou,T.A.Albanis,"TiO_2-assisted photocatalytic degradation of azo dyes in aqueous solution:kinetic and mechanistic investigations",[J]Appl.Catal.B Environ.,49,(2004),pp.1-14.
[42]V.Kamat,"Photoinduced transformation in semiconductor-metal nanocomposite assemblies",[J]Pure Appl.Chem.,74,(2002),pp.1693-1706.
[43]G.J.Cunningham,G.Al-Sayyed,S.Srijaranai,in:G.R.Helz,R.G.Zepp,D.G.Grosby (Ed.),"Aquatic and surface photochemistry",Lewis Publisher,Boca Raton,1994,p.317.