灯泡贯流式水轮机协联关系及性能研究
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摘要
小水电约占我国水电装机及发电量的30%,其中灯泡贯流式水轮机占一定份额。在设计阶段考虑到少弃水的因素,使灯泡贯流式水轮机的临界弃水点向低水头侧移动,导致运行偏离最优工况。另外其桨叶与导叶在运行中的均可调性,以及其低水头、大流量的特点,常常使真机协联不能最优,从而使得水轮机效率低、稳定性差。一直以来,灯泡贯流水轮机协联关系的科研是从设计角度出发、基于水轮机模型试验的研究,而从实际运行角度出发,基于真机协联关系的研究,在理论上一直没有得到很好的解决,而且在真机协联关系发生变化的过程中,水轮机内部流场的运动特性、动力特性、内部漩涡变化机理,以及与灯泡贯流水轮机协联关系外特性性能的内在规律,很少有人做过深入研究,实际上这些问题时刻影响着水轮机效率及稳定性,故研究灯泡贯流式水轮机的协联关系及性能对于提高机组效率及稳定性具有非常重要的意义。本文以灯泡贯流机组为研究对象,进行了7-9m水头区间的水轮机协联关系及其性能研究。
本文主要研究工作：首先,在原水轮机模型试验成果的基础上,进行了协联工况的计算策略研究,得到计算真机协联关系。然后,对协联工况的水轮机内部流场的运动特性、动力特性、内部漩涡变化机理进行研究,针对流场不稳定流动进行水轮机流固耦合计算。最后,通过真机协联试验,对计算与分析结论进行验证,并在此基础上对水轮机协联工况及优化运行进行预测及应用。
通过研究得到求取灯泡贯流式水轮机真机协联关系的理论研究方法,解决了设计协联失真的缺陷；得到7-9m水头灯泡贯流式水轮机协联关系、出力、效率、流量等特性曲线；通过对协联工况的动力特性研究发现：在定常流场下,叶片根部流动分离的程度、全流道流场速度、以及其叶片正背面压差均随协联外特性参数按规律变化,非定常流场下,得到前流道、转轮、尾水管内流向涡涡核Hn随协联工况的变化规律,其规律也是外特性参数变化的内部机理；通过协联工况的运动特性研究发现：非定常流场下全流道不同部位流向涡演变周期不同,导致了水轮机各部位的不同振型,此为水轮机协联工况振动的内部变化机理；依据以上研究成果准确预测了灯泡贯流水轮机7-9m水头的全协联工况,设计了灯泡贯流式水轮机基于协联工况的机组优化运行方案,试验验证此优化设计正确、可行。
Small hydropower accounts for about30%of installed and power generation capacity of China's hydropower. Among them, the share of the bulb tubular turbine is considerable. Considering of less abandoned water in the design,it prefer to move the critical abandoned water point of bulb turbine to the low head side, which leads to the deviation from optimal conditions. In addition, the blades and guide vanes are adjustable in operation, and the characteristics of the low water head and large flow, which often make the real machines combination is not optimal, so as to the turbine's low efficiency and poor stability. For a long time, the study of the combination relationship of bulb turbine is based on the design and the research of turbine model test. While from the practical operation, the research of the association relationship of real machine research has not been solved very well in theory. And there has no in-depth research in the change process of association relationship of real machine, the internal flow field movement characteristics, the dynamic characteristics and internal vortex change mechanism of the turbine, as well as the Inherent law of the external characteristics of the association relationship of bulb turbine. In fact, these problems affects the turbine's efficiency and stability, therefore, it is significant to study the association relationship of bulb tubular turbine and its performance to enhance the efficiency and stability. This paper researches the bulb tubular turbine combination relationship and its performance at the head of7-9m.
The main research work of this paper: At first, it on the basis of the original water turbine model's test results, researches the Computing strategy of the combination conditions, and got the association relationship of real machine. Then, it studies the internal flow field movement characteristics, dynamic characteristics and the internal vortex change mechanism. And it calculates turbine's coupled fluid-structure in unstable flow. At last, it verifies this calculation and analysis of the results which associated with real machine test, and forecasts the turbine combination conditions and its optimizing operation and then applies it.
This paper gets the research methods of the relationship of bulb tubular turbine, and solves the universal defect of the combination design. And it also obtained the bulb tubular turbine combination relationship, output, efficiency, flow characteristic curves at the head of7-9m.Through the study of dynamic characteristics it has found the flow separation in blade root, full port flow velocity, and the differential pressure of the blade were changed with external characteristic parameters of combination in the steady flow. And in the unsteady flow, the internal mechanism of the change of combination conditions in the front runners, runner and flow vortex Hn of draft tube has got. Besides, through the research on motion characteristics, it has been found that the evolution cycle of flow vortex is different at different positions of the full port in unsteady flow field, which leads to the different modes of vibration in different parts, this is the internal change mechanism of turbine vibration in combination conditions. Moreover, the water turbine full combination condition of7-9m head has predicted successfully based on the above research results, and optimizing operation scheme of combination conditions has got,as well as great benefit.
本文主要研究工作：首先,在原水轮机模型试验成果的基础上,进行了协联工况的计算策略研究,得到计算真机协联关系。然后,对协联工况的水轮机内部流场的运动特性、动力特性、内部漩涡变化机理进行研究,针对流场不稳定流动进行水轮机流固耦合计算。最后,通过真机协联试验,对计算与分析结论进行验证,并在此基础上对水轮机协联工况及优化运行进行预测及应用。
通过研究得到求取灯泡贯流式水轮机真机协联关系的理论研究方法,解决了设计协联失真的缺陷；得到7-9m水头灯泡贯流式水轮机协联关系、出力、效率、流量等特性曲线；通过对协联工况的动力特性研究发现：在定常流场下,叶片根部流动分离的程度、全流道流场速度、以及其叶片正背面压差均随协联外特性参数按规律变化,非定常流场下,得到前流道、转轮、尾水管内流向涡涡核Hn随协联工况的变化规律,其规律也是外特性参数变化的内部机理；通过协联工况的运动特性研究发现：非定常流场下全流道不同部位流向涡演变周期不同,导致了水轮机各部位的不同振型,此为水轮机协联工况振动的内部变化机理；依据以上研究成果准确预测了灯泡贯流水轮机7-9m水头的全协联工况,设计了灯泡贯流式水轮机基于协联工况的机组优化运行方案,试验验证此优化设计正确、可行。
Small hydropower accounts for about30%of installed and power generation capacity of China's hydropower. Among them, the share of the bulb tubular turbine is considerable. Considering of less abandoned water in the design,it prefer to move the critical abandoned water point of bulb turbine to the low head side, which leads to the deviation from optimal conditions. In addition, the blades and guide vanes are adjustable in operation, and the characteristics of the low water head and large flow, which often make the real machines combination is not optimal, so as to the turbine's low efficiency and poor stability. For a long time, the study of the combination relationship of bulb turbine is based on the design and the research of turbine model test. While from the practical operation, the research of the association relationship of real machine research has not been solved very well in theory. And there has no in-depth research in the change process of association relationship of real machine, the internal flow field movement characteristics, the dynamic characteristics and internal vortex change mechanism of the turbine, as well as the Inherent law of the external characteristics of the association relationship of bulb turbine. In fact, these problems affects the turbine's efficiency and stability, therefore, it is significant to study the association relationship of bulb tubular turbine and its performance to enhance the efficiency and stability. This paper researches the bulb tubular turbine combination relationship and its performance at the head of7-9m.
The main research work of this paper: At first, it on the basis of the original water turbine model's test results, researches the Computing strategy of the combination conditions, and got the association relationship of real machine. Then, it studies the internal flow field movement characteristics, dynamic characteristics and the internal vortex change mechanism. And it calculates turbine's coupled fluid-structure in unstable flow. At last, it verifies this calculation and analysis of the results which associated with real machine test, and forecasts the turbine combination conditions and its optimizing operation and then applies it.
This paper gets the research methods of the relationship of bulb tubular turbine, and solves the universal defect of the combination design. And it also obtained the bulb tubular turbine combination relationship, output, efficiency, flow characteristic curves at the head of7-9m.Through the study of dynamic characteristics it has found the flow separation in blade root, full port flow velocity, and the differential pressure of the blade were changed with external characteristic parameters of combination in the steady flow. And in the unsteady flow, the internal mechanism of the change of combination conditions in the front runners, runner and flow vortex Hn of draft tube has got. Besides, through the research on motion characteristics, it has been found that the evolution cycle of flow vortex is different at different positions of the full port in unsteady flow field, which leads to the different modes of vibration in different parts, this is the internal change mechanism of turbine vibration in combination conditions. Moreover, the water turbine full combination condition of7-9m head has predicted successfully based on the above research results, and optimizing operation scheme of combination conditions has got,as well as great benefit.
引文
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