职工董监事制度法律问题探究
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摘要
随着现代企业制度的建立,公司法人治理结构发生了改变,“股东利益至上”的思想开始被“利益兼顾型”代替,职工在企业中作为劳动力代表与股东所代表的资方代表之间的利益冲突在市场经济下被认为是可以用制度来调和的。职工董监事制度通过职工代表进入董事会、监事会行使决策权利和监督权利,确立了职工在公司法人治理结构中的民主地位,它是中国特色现代化制度建设的重要内容之一,也是我国职工参与公司治理的重要方式。
欧洲各国在二战之后,逐步建立起了适合自己国家的企业发展的职工董监事制度,其中比较有代表性的是英国早期的职工董监事制度、德国的职工共同决策机制和日本的劳资协商制。在比较分析了西方的职工董监事制度之后,我国的职工董监事制度的确可以扬长避短的吸取很多经验,但是我国经济环境和企业的法人治理结构有着我们国家自己的特点,全盘模仿西方的模式肯定会水土不服。
目前,我国的职工董监事制度在建设中存在着许多不足,如立法上的不完善、运行机制上的不健全、监督力度不够等等,使得很多企业没有推行职工董监事制度,有的企业即使有职工董事和职工监事,但也是流于形式。因此在当前和今后的职工董监事制度的建设和发展过程中,我们首先要加强职工董监事制度的教育和普及工作;其次在立法上,丰富公司法对职工董监事制度的相关规定,在可能的情况下,单独出台职工董监事制度的行政法规;再次加强职工董监事制度的配套机制建设,如职工董事、监事例会制度、质询机制、运行机制等等;最后加强职工董事、监事的监督,使得职工董事、监事能够真正代表职工利益,维护职工权益。
With the establishment of modern enterprise system, the structure of corporate governance has changed, "shareholder interests first" thinking began to be insteaded of "the interests of both type", employees in the enterprise as a labor representative and the employer representatives on behalf of shareholders between conflict of interest in a market economy is considered to be using the system to reconcile. Employees through the employee representative system of directors and supervisors to the board of supervisors the right to drive decision-making and monitoring of rights, established the system of workers in the company's position in the corporate governance structure.It is an important part of the modern system with Chinese characteristics’construction, but also is the important ways of our employees participate in corporate governance.
European countries after World War II, gradually established their own country for business development system for directors and supervisors of workers, which is more representative of the early British system of employee directors and supervisors, co-workers in Germany and Japan, decision-making system of labor negotiations. In the comparative analysis of the Western system of employee directors and supervisors, the directors and supervisors of the workers and avoid weaknesses of the system can indeed learn a lot of experience, but our economic environment and the corporate governance structure has its own characteristics of our country, the overall pattern of imitation of the West will certainly acclimatized.
Today, our directors and supervisors of workers in respect of the establishment of the system, there are many deficiencies, such as the imperfect legislation, operating mechanism is not complete, inadequate supervision, etc., so many companies do not implement employee directors and supervisors system, and some companies even staff director and staff supervisor, but also a mere formality. Therefore, workers in the current and future directors and supervisors of construction and development of the system, we first of all employee directors and supervisors to strengthen the system of education and outreach work; followed in legislation, the rich system of company law directors and supervisors of the employees of the relevant provisions, where possible circumstances,Staff issued a separate system of administrative rules and regulations of directors and supervisors; once again strengthen the system of employee directors and supervisors supporting mechanisms, such as employee directors, supervisors regular meeting, the question mechanism, operating mechanism, etc.; Last enhance employee directors, supervisors and supervision, making the staff director Supervisors can truly represent their interests and to safeguard their interests.
欧洲各国在二战之后,逐步建立起了适合自己国家的企业发展的职工董监事制度,其中比较有代表性的是英国早期的职工董监事制度、德国的职工共同决策机制和日本的劳资协商制。在比较分析了西方的职工董监事制度之后,我国的职工董监事制度的确可以扬长避短的吸取很多经验,但是我国经济环境和企业的法人治理结构有着我们国家自己的特点,全盘模仿西方的模式肯定会水土不服。
目前,我国的职工董监事制度在建设中存在着许多不足,如立法上的不完善、运行机制上的不健全、监督力度不够等等,使得很多企业没有推行职工董监事制度,有的企业即使有职工董事和职工监事,但也是流于形式。因此在当前和今后的职工董监事制度的建设和发展过程中,我们首先要加强职工董监事制度的教育和普及工作;其次在立法上,丰富公司法对职工董监事制度的相关规定,在可能的情况下,单独出台职工董监事制度的行政法规;再次加强职工董监事制度的配套机制建设,如职工董事、监事例会制度、质询机制、运行机制等等;最后加强职工董事、监事的监督,使得职工董事、监事能够真正代表职工利益,维护职工权益。
With the establishment of modern enterprise system, the structure of corporate governance has changed, "shareholder interests first" thinking began to be insteaded of "the interests of both type", employees in the enterprise as a labor representative and the employer representatives on behalf of shareholders between conflict of interest in a market economy is considered to be using the system to reconcile. Employees through the employee representative system of directors and supervisors to the board of supervisors the right to drive decision-making and monitoring of rights, established the system of workers in the company's position in the corporate governance structure.It is an important part of the modern system with Chinese characteristics’construction, but also is the important ways of our employees participate in corporate governance.
European countries after World War II, gradually established their own country for business development system for directors and supervisors of workers, which is more representative of the early British system of employee directors and supervisors, co-workers in Germany and Japan, decision-making system of labor negotiations. In the comparative analysis of the Western system of employee directors and supervisors, the directors and supervisors of the workers and avoid weaknesses of the system can indeed learn a lot of experience, but our economic environment and the corporate governance structure has its own characteristics of our country, the overall pattern of imitation of the West will certainly acclimatized.
Today, our directors and supervisors of workers in respect of the establishment of the system, there are many deficiencies, such as the imperfect legislation, operating mechanism is not complete, inadequate supervision, etc., so many companies do not implement employee directors and supervisors system, and some companies even staff director and staff supervisor, but also a mere formality. Therefore, workers in the current and future directors and supervisors of construction and development of the system, we first of all employee directors and supervisors to strengthen the system of education and outreach work; followed in legislation, the rich system of company law directors and supervisors of the employees of the relevant provisions, where possible circumstances,Staff issued a separate system of administrative rules and regulations of directors and supervisors; once again strengthen the system of employee directors and supervisors supporting mechanisms, such as employee directors, supervisors regular meeting, the question mechanism, operating mechanism, etc.; Last enhance employee directors, supervisors and supervision, making the staff director Supervisors can truly represent their interests and to safeguard their interests.
引文
[1]石少侠,王福友.论公司职工参与权.法制与社会发展,1999(3):37-45
[2]张国平.公司治理中职工参与制度探析.南京师范大学学报(社会科学版), 2002(3):33-39
[3] Seymour M,Lipset (ed.).The Encyclopedia of Democracy.London: Routledge, 1995,609-610
[4] [美]乔·萨托利.民主新论.北京:东方出版社,1993,11-12
[5]于海青.经济民主:一种社会主义的分析框架--国外左翼经济民主社会主义理论评析.当代世界社会主义问题,2005(2):89-98
[6]刘俊海.公司社会责任.北京:法律出版社,1999,45-63
[7]张开年.英美公司董事制度研究.北京:法律出版社,1998,36-45
[8]周超.职工参与制度法律问题研究.北京:中国社会科学出版社,2006,91-93
[9]杨冬梅.职工董事监事法律地位研究.工会理论与实践,2002,16(1):12-17
[10]刘少雄.公司制国有企业新-老三会的重构.政府法制,2008(19):56-57
[11]赵炜.也谈借鉴国外职工董事监事制度.工会理论与实践,2000,4(6):21-26
[12] Allan D.Flanders,Ruthpomeranz Joan woodward.Experiment in industrial democracy:A study of the John Lewis Partnership.London:Faber,1968,125-136
[13]茆曾耀.怎样当好职工董事职工监事.武汉:湖北人民出版社,2001,68-85
[14]角田豊.?英国炭鉱の国有化過程?.中央勞動學園『產業国管と労働者階級』,昭和24年(1949)刊,126-145
[15]施晓红.德国职工共同决定机制及对我国的启示.经济管理,2004(9):67-70
[16] Clarke,R.O.,Fatchett,D.J.&Roberts,B.C..Workers Participation in Management in Britain.London:Heinemann Educational,1972,142-144.
[17]范健,张萱.德国法中雇员参与公司决策制度比较研究.外国法译评, 1996(3):55-62
[18]张曦,高学哲.论现代公司治理结构--中德公司立法之比较.经济法制论坛, 2003(2):86
[19]周超.德国法职工监事选举制度研究.石家庄经济学院学报,2005,28(3): 319-322
[20]大坪健一郎?森英良.『労働福祉の新展開』.日本労働協会,昭和48年(1974),121
[21]张仲福.联邦德国企业制度.北京:中国法制出版社,1990,134-136
[22]王保树.商事法论集.北京:法律出版社,1999,94-101
[23]李立新.劳动者参与公司治理的法律探究.北京:中国法制出版社,2009,96-98
[24]王保樹. ?中国会社法の制定と会社運營上の留意点? .『判例夕亻厶??』,1994(857):35-45
[25]刘铁章,赵炜,李全孝等.关于职工董事、职工监事的调研报告.工运研究,2000(7):6-11
[26]简尚波.国资委拟定职工董事管理办法.21世纪经济报导,2008-6-27
[27]崔生祥.职工董事监事素质结构初探.工会理论与实践,2002,16(1):8-12
[28]凌卫民.提升职工董监事制度运作的有效性.上海企业,2006(5):54-56
[29]黑田瑞夫.?石油????以後の世界と日本?.日本生產性本部編『日本經濟耘換の条件』,昭和49年(1974),56-69
[30]李靖宇,刘义青.我国职工董事制度存在的问题及立法完善分析.商场现代化, 2007(04Z):255-256
[31]潘嘉玮.中国公司法论.广州:广东人民出版社,1994,138-139
[32]刘晓茂,马晓杰.落实职工董事职工监事制度任重而道远.北京市工会干部学院学报, 2008,23(2):27-31
[33]简波.谁当职工董事.工友,2008(10):27
[34]杨冬梅.职工董事职工监事制度立法现状及前瞻.中国劳动关系学院学报, 2008, 22(6):76-81
[35]廖义全.国有企业职工董事职工监事制度存在的问题和建议.天津市工会管理干部学院学报,2009,17(1):33-36
[36]刘萍.切实推动职工董事、职工监事制度建设.中国工运,2008(3):48-49
[37]张渊渊.试论如何发挥职工董事和监事的作用.现代商业,2009(23):151-152
[38]黄小禾.关于职工董事、职工监事的身份问题.工会理论与实践,2000(5):21-26
[39]吕心为.论我国上市公司内部监察制度的立法改善.http://www.studa.net/jingjifa/030622/2003622155535-7.html20 ,2010-06-22
[40]石山卓磨.『公社论』(集中講義).成文堂,平成6年(1993),194-195
[41]梅慎实.董事义务判断之比较研究.外国法译评,1996(1):18-25
[42]迟桂敏.在国有企业改制中加强职工董事监事制度建设的调查与思考.工会论坛, 2007,13(6):29-30
[43]王玉.职工董事监事制度的实践与思考.中国工运,2008(12):36-37
[44]文经纲.大桥局推行职工董事职工监事制度的实践与思考.工友, 2008(7): 30-39
[45]张旭霞.完善职工董事监事制度理性思考.企业经济,2006(10):190-192
[2]张国平.公司治理中职工参与制度探析.南京师范大学学报(社会科学版), 2002(3):33-39
[3] Seymour M,Lipset (ed.).The Encyclopedia of Democracy.London: Routledge, 1995,609-610
[4] [美]乔·萨托利.民主新论.北京:东方出版社,1993,11-12
[5]于海青.经济民主:一种社会主义的分析框架--国外左翼经济民主社会主义理论评析.当代世界社会主义问题,2005(2):89-98
[6]刘俊海.公司社会责任.北京:法律出版社,1999,45-63
[7]张开年.英美公司董事制度研究.北京:法律出版社,1998,36-45
[8]周超.职工参与制度法律问题研究.北京:中国社会科学出版社,2006,91-93
[9]杨冬梅.职工董事监事法律地位研究.工会理论与实践,2002,16(1):12-17
[10]刘少雄.公司制国有企业新-老三会的重构.政府法制,2008(19):56-57
[11]赵炜.也谈借鉴国外职工董事监事制度.工会理论与实践,2000,4(6):21-26
[12] Allan D.Flanders,Ruthpomeranz Joan woodward.Experiment in industrial democracy:A study of the John Lewis Partnership.London:Faber,1968,125-136
[13]茆曾耀.怎样当好职工董事职工监事.武汉:湖北人民出版社,2001,68-85
[14]角田豊.?英国炭鉱の国有化過程?.中央勞動學園『產業国管と労働者階級』,昭和24年(1949)刊,126-145
[15]施晓红.德国职工共同决定机制及对我国的启示.经济管理,2004(9):67-70
[16] Clarke,R.O.,Fatchett,D.J.&Roberts,B.C..Workers Participation in Management in Britain.London:Heinemann Educational,1972,142-144.
[17]范健,张萱.德国法中雇员参与公司决策制度比较研究.外国法译评, 1996(3):55-62
[18]张曦,高学哲.论现代公司治理结构--中德公司立法之比较.经济法制论坛, 2003(2):86
[19]周超.德国法职工监事选举制度研究.石家庄经济学院学报,2005,28(3): 319-322
[20]大坪健一郎?森英良.『労働福祉の新展開』.日本労働協会,昭和48年(1974),121
[21]张仲福.联邦德国企业制度.北京:中国法制出版社,1990,134-136
[22]王保树.商事法论集.北京:法律出版社,1999,94-101
[23]李立新.劳动者参与公司治理的法律探究.北京:中国法制出版社,2009,96-98
[24]王保樹. ?中国会社法の制定と会社運營上の留意点? .『判例夕亻厶??』,1994(857):35-45
[25]刘铁章,赵炜,李全孝等.关于职工董事、职工监事的调研报告.工运研究,2000(7):6-11
[26]简尚波.国资委拟定职工董事管理办法.21世纪经济报导,2008-6-27
[27]崔生祥.职工董事监事素质结构初探.工会理论与实践,2002,16(1):8-12
[28]凌卫民.提升职工董监事制度运作的有效性.上海企业,2006(5):54-56
[29]黑田瑞夫.?石油????以後の世界と日本?.日本生產性本部編『日本經濟耘換の条件』,昭和49年(1974),56-69
[30]李靖宇,刘义青.我国职工董事制度存在的问题及立法完善分析.商场现代化, 2007(04Z):255-256
[31]潘嘉玮.中国公司法论.广州:广东人民出版社,1994,138-139
[32]刘晓茂,马晓杰.落实职工董事职工监事制度任重而道远.北京市工会干部学院学报, 2008,23(2):27-31
[33]简波.谁当职工董事.工友,2008(10):27
[34]杨冬梅.职工董事职工监事制度立法现状及前瞻.中国劳动关系学院学报, 2008, 22(6):76-81
[35]廖义全.国有企业职工董事职工监事制度存在的问题和建议.天津市工会管理干部学院学报,2009,17(1):33-36
[36]刘萍.切实推动职工董事、职工监事制度建设.中国工运,2008(3):48-49
[37]张渊渊.试论如何发挥职工董事和监事的作用.现代商业,2009(23):151-152
[38]黄小禾.关于职工董事、职工监事的身份问题.工会理论与实践,2000(5):21-26
[39]吕心为.论我国上市公司内部监察制度的立法改善.http://www.studa.net/jingjifa/030622/2003622155535-7.html20 ,2010-06-22
[40]石山卓磨.『公社论』(集中講義).成文堂,平成6年(1993),194-195
[41]梅慎实.董事义务判断之比较研究.外国法译评,1996(1):18-25
[42]迟桂敏.在国有企业改制中加强职工董事监事制度建设的调查与思考.工会论坛, 2007,13(6):29-30
[43]王玉.职工董事监事制度的实践与思考.中国工运,2008(12):36-37
[44]文经纲.大桥局推行职工董事职工监事制度的实践与思考.工友, 2008(7): 30-39
[45]张旭霞.完善职工董事监事制度理性思考.企业经济,2006(10):190-192