基于模块的行星减速器设计自动化及修形齿面重构技术研究
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摘要
低速、重载行星齿轮减速器广泛应用于矿山、煤矿、船舶等处的机械设备中作为减速、增速或变速装置。其设计计算频繁,工作量大。为了提高设计效率,适应市场竞争需求,采用新的设计方法对行星减速器进行设计。同时为了提高低速、重载行星减速器齿轮的承载能力和稳定性,需要对齿轮齿面进行修形,并重构修形齿轮。
本文将模块化设计思想应用到行星减速器设计中,设计了一套基于知识库的行星减速器设计自动化与模块参数化设计系统。同时本文在获得修形结果的基础了,利用NURBS曲面对修形齿轮齿面进行重构,在CATIA环境下获得了修形齿轮实体模型。
论文主要研究工作如下：
(1)将行星减速器的设计知识程序化,利用CATIA二次开发CAA,建立了基于知识库的减速器自动化设计系统。
(2)将模块化设计思想应用在减速器设计中,对行星减速器进行模块划分；根据模块的划分,建立了行星减速器模块参数化设计系统,同时建立了减速器各个零部件之间的约束关系,采用自底向上的装配方法实现减速器的自动装配,并检查了干涉。
(3)研究了NURBS曲线曲面插值算法,在获得修形结果的基础上,利用CATIA及其二次开发CAA反算修形齿面的控制顶点、权因子和节点矢量等参数。
(4)根据得到的修形齿面参数,在CATIA中实现修形齿面的参数化重构,并通过调节控制点和权因子修改齿面形状,得到满足要求的修形齿面后,并在CATIA环境下得到修形后的齿轮三维模型。
本文设计的行星减速器设计自动化系统提高了减速器的设计效率,且模块化参数化设计系统适应于其他类型减速器的零件建模,具有一定的通用性。修形齿面的NURBS曲面重构系统实现了修形齿轮在CAD中的表现,为验证修形结果提供了模型,具有一定的创新型。
Planetary gear reducer of low speed and heavy loading was widely used in machinery equipment of mining, coal mining, shipbuilding and others places as the deceleration, speed change or speed-up transmission.But the design calculations were complicated and workload, in order to improve design efficiency and adapt to the needs of market competition, we need to adopt new design method of Planetary reducer design. At the same time, In order to improve the gear carrying capacity and stability of the low-speed, heavy-loading planetary gear reducer, we need to modify the gear surface and reconstruct the modified gear.
This paper applied modular thought in the design of reducer, and developed a set of automation design system for planetar reducer based on knowledge base and a parametric design system for modules. At the same time this paper reconstructed modified gear surfaces Using NURBS surface based on the modified results, and got the modified gear model in the CATIA environment.
Main contents of the paper are as follows:
(1) Programing the design knowledge of planetary reducer, and developed a set of automation design system for planetar reducer based on knowledge base using CAA second development tools of CATIA.
(2) Applied the modular design idea in reducer design, and classified the planetary gear reducer using modular design idea. Developed a parametric design system for modules which was classified before. Built the constraints between reducer models, assembled the reducer automatic using the bottom to up method, and Checked interference.
(3) Researched of the interpolation algorithm of NURBS curves and surfaces, and calculated the control points, node vector, weight factor parameters on NURBS surface using CATIA and CAA second development tools of CATIA based on the modified results.
(4) Parameterized reconstruct the modified gear surface in the CATIA environment using the NURBS parameters. Got the requirements surface by adjusting the control points and weights. Got the modified gear model in the CATIA environment.
The automation design system for planetar reducer developed in this paper improved the design efficiency of planetar reducer, and the parametric design system for modules adapted to other types of reducers'design with a certain degree of versatility. Modified tooth surface reconstruction system displayed the modified gears in the CAD environment, and provided a model to verify the results of the modification, and with certain innovative.
本文将模块化设计思想应用到行星减速器设计中,设计了一套基于知识库的行星减速器设计自动化与模块参数化设计系统。同时本文在获得修形结果的基础了,利用NURBS曲面对修形齿轮齿面进行重构,在CATIA环境下获得了修形齿轮实体模型。
论文主要研究工作如下：
(1)将行星减速器的设计知识程序化,利用CATIA二次开发CAA,建立了基于知识库的减速器自动化设计系统。
(2)将模块化设计思想应用在减速器设计中,对行星减速器进行模块划分；根据模块的划分,建立了行星减速器模块参数化设计系统,同时建立了减速器各个零部件之间的约束关系,采用自底向上的装配方法实现减速器的自动装配,并检查了干涉。
(3)研究了NURBS曲线曲面插值算法,在获得修形结果的基础上,利用CATIA及其二次开发CAA反算修形齿面的控制顶点、权因子和节点矢量等参数。
(4)根据得到的修形齿面参数,在CATIA中实现修形齿面的参数化重构,并通过调节控制点和权因子修改齿面形状,得到满足要求的修形齿面后,并在CATIA环境下得到修形后的齿轮三维模型。
本文设计的行星减速器设计自动化系统提高了减速器的设计效率,且模块化参数化设计系统适应于其他类型减速器的零件建模,具有一定的通用性。修形齿面的NURBS曲面重构系统实现了修形齿轮在CAD中的表现,为验证修形结果提供了模型,具有一定的创新型。
Planetary gear reducer of low speed and heavy loading was widely used in machinery equipment of mining, coal mining, shipbuilding and others places as the deceleration, speed change or speed-up transmission.But the design calculations were complicated and workload, in order to improve design efficiency and adapt to the needs of market competition, we need to adopt new design method of Planetary reducer design. At the same time, In order to improve the gear carrying capacity and stability of the low-speed, heavy-loading planetary gear reducer, we need to modify the gear surface and reconstruct the modified gear.
This paper applied modular thought in the design of reducer, and developed a set of automation design system for planetar reducer based on knowledge base and a parametric design system for modules. At the same time this paper reconstructed modified gear surfaces Using NURBS surface based on the modified results, and got the modified gear model in the CATIA environment.
Main contents of the paper are as follows:
(1) Programing the design knowledge of planetary reducer, and developed a set of automation design system for planetar reducer based on knowledge base using CAA second development tools of CATIA.
(2) Applied the modular design idea in reducer design, and classified the planetary gear reducer using modular design idea. Developed a parametric design system for modules which was classified before. Built the constraints between reducer models, assembled the reducer automatic using the bottom to up method, and Checked interference.
(3) Researched of the interpolation algorithm of NURBS curves and surfaces, and calculated the control points, node vector, weight factor parameters on NURBS surface using CATIA and CAA second development tools of CATIA based on the modified results.
(4) Parameterized reconstruct the modified gear surface in the CATIA environment using the NURBS parameters. Got the requirements surface by adjusting the control points and weights. Got the modified gear model in the CATIA environment.
The automation design system for planetar reducer developed in this paper improved the design efficiency of planetar reducer, and the parametric design system for modules adapted to other types of reducers'design with a certain degree of versatility. Modified tooth surface reconstruction system displayed the modified gears in the CAD environment, and provided a model to verify the results of the modification, and with certain innovative.
引文
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[3]Koller R.and Kastrup N.PrinziPlosungen zur Konstruktion technischer Produkte, Springer Verlag, Berlin,1994
[4]Roth, K., Konstruieren mit Construktionskatalogen, Springer Verlag, Berlin,1982
[5]Roth, K. Foundation of methodical Prodedures in design, Design Studies, Vol2, APril, 1981.
[6]David G. Ullman. The Status of Design Theory Research in the United States.ICED'91, Zurich, p711
[7]H.YOshikawaandE.A.Warman, Design Theory for CAD.Elsevier Science Publishers, 1987
[8]孙守迁,梁小婉,基于设计目录的方案选择智能技术的研究.轻工机械,1995,2
[9]韩翔.基于UG的2K_H行星减速器计算机辅助设计[D].成都：西南交通大学.2004
[10]全美娟.行星传动设计计算和三维建模系统的研究[D].山西太原：太原理工大学.2005
[11]伍琼仙.NGW型行星齿轮减速机构设计自动化系统研究[D].成都：西南交通大学.2011
[12]Ulrieh, K. Tung. K. Fundamentals of Product Modularity In:Sharon A ed. Issues in Design/Manufacturing Integration, Proceedings ASME winter Annual Meeting Conference, Atlanta,1991,New York:ASME,DE39,1991
[13]Ito Y, ShinnoH, Structural description and similarity of the Structural configuration in machine tools, Int J.MTDR,1982,22(2):97-110
[14]Jerffey B Dahmus,Javier P Gonzalez-Zugasti, Kevin Notto, Modular Product Architecture. Processings of 2000 ASME Design Engineering Technical Conferences. DETC00/DTM=14565
[15]彭少虎.减速器优化的神来之笔[J].现代制造,2005.20：22-25.
[16]张松林.机械产品两种模块化设计方法[J].交通与计算机.2001年第3期第19卷
[17]刘雄波.基于Solidworks的通用减速器模块化设计研究[D].2006
[18]沈珺.批量减速器模块化系统设计与研究[D].太原：太原理工大学.2001
[19]Chin. Bicubic B-Spline Surface Representation Of Bevel Gears[J]. Chung-Kuo Chi Hsueh Kung Ch'eng Hsueh Pao,1987,8:409-417
[20]Barone.S. Gear geometric design by B-spline curve fitting and sweep surface modelling[J]. Engineering with Computers,2001,17:66-74
[21]Zhang.J.H. Digital simulation of spiral bevel gears' real tooth surfaces based on non-uniform rational B-Spline[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power,2009,24:1672-1676
[22]Jiang.J.K. Optimal design of modified cylindrical gear based on minimum flash temperature of tooth surfaces[J]. Advanced Materials Research,2013,655:573-577
[23]Yang.Lin.Research on spiral bevel gear tooth surface reconstruction based on NURBS [J]. Applied Mechanics and Materials.2012,130-134:701-705
[24]Hao.D.S.An optimum design method for profile modification of spur planetary gear trains[J]. Journal of Dalian University of Technology,2012,52:657-663
[25]朱心雄.自由曲线曲面造型技术[M]：北京：科学出版社,2000
[26]孙殿柱.真实齿面啮合理论的研究：[博士学位论文].北京：中国农业大学,1998
[27]孙殿柱,董学朱.一种真实齿面啮合分析的有效数学模型[J].机械设计.1999,10：31-34
[28]孙殿柱,董学朱.描述真实齿面数学模型的研究[J].农业机械学报.2000,31(1)：79-81
[29]Wu. X. Design of hypoid gear tooth surface represented by non-uniform rational B-spiine polynomial [J]. Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University,2005,39:17-20
[30]Li.X. Contact dynamics analysis of helical gear based on precise tooth surface model [J]. International Review on Computers and Software,2012,7:1215-1220
[31]高淑英.粗纱机广义模块化设计及其软件实现技术[D].天津：天津大学,2005
[32]刘加光.通用减速器的模块化系列设计研究[J].机械,1994(02)：22-25
[33]岳峰丽等.模块化减速器设计技术[J].沈阳工业学院学报,2000(04)：26-29
[34]沈裙,王铁,段德荣等.减速器批量生产的快速设计方法[J].机械研究与应用,2010.04：83-85
[35]张世华,杨晓光.一种新的模块化设计方法及其应用[J].设计与研究,2009(4)：36-41
[36]赵淑霞,孙慧祯.基于CBR的机械产品功能模块化设计[J].科技信息,2009.16：206-207
[37]贾延林.模块化设计[M].北京：机械工业出版社,1993
[38]UlriehK. The Role of Product Architecture in the Manufacturing Firm[J]. Research Policy,1995,(24):419-440
[39]Erixon G, Yxkull A,Amstrom A. Modularity the Basis for Product and Factory Reengineering[J].CIRP Annals-Manufacturing Technology,1996,45(1):1-6
[40]Gu P,Sosale S, Product Modularization for Life Cycle Engineering [J]. Roboties and Computer-integrated Manufacturing,1999,15(5):387-401
[41]Stone R B,Wood K L,Crawford R H.A Heuristic Method for Identifying Modules for product Architectures[J]. Design Studies,2000,21(1),5-31
[42]Salhich S M,Kamrani A K. Macro Level Product Development Using Design for Modularity [J].Robotics Computer-integrated Manufacturing,1999,15(4):319-329
[43]Jiao J X,Tseng M M. An Information Modeling Framework for Product Families to Support Mass Customization Manufacturing[J].Annals of the CIRP,1999,48(1):93-98
[44]朱长顺,杨德勇,杨超君.减速器三维参数化CAD专家系统的知识库与推理机的构建[J].机械设计与制造,2006(1)：61-63
[45]郑玉和.NGWN型行星减速器的优化设计[J].机电技术,2007：(3)49-51
[46]饶振纲.行星齿轮传动设计[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2003：85-200
[47]王文斌.机械设计书册[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2008
[48]渐开线行星传动的设计与制造编委会.渐开线行星传动的设计与制造[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2002：5-275
[49]丘宣怀.机械设计[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2008：313-314
[50]濮良贵,纪名刚.机械设计[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2008
[51]王宗彦,吴淑芳,秦慧斌,连清旺,张亚明.SolidWorks机械产品高级开发技术[M].北京：北京理工大学出版社,2005.10：17-53
[52]陈立峰.B样条曲面在重载齿轮修形中的应用[J].设计与计算,2006：(7)78-80
[53]辛经纬.精梳机行星齿轮齿形修形及其实现方法研究[D].东华大学,2009
[54]杨艳.修形齿轮数字化设计方法与技术[D].中南大学,2011
[55]史政凯.兆瓦级风机增速器轮齿修形及载荷研究[D].沈阳工业大学,2011
[56]陈思.基于NURBS的散乱点曲面重构与数控加工刀位规划研究[D].成都：西南交通大学.2010
[57]Cox,M. G.,The Numerical Evaluation of B-Spline,Report No.National Physical Laboratory,1971
[58]杨旭静.自由曲面高性能数控加工刀具路径技术研究[D]：[博士学位论文].长沙：湖南大学,2006
[2]W.Beitz,冯培恩.联邦德国设计方法学的现状和发展趋势[J].机械工程,1987.4
[3]Koller R.and Kastrup N.PrinziPlosungen zur Konstruktion technischer Produkte, Springer Verlag, Berlin,1994
[4]Roth, K., Konstruieren mit Construktionskatalogen, Springer Verlag, Berlin,1982
[5]Roth, K. Foundation of methodical Prodedures in design, Design Studies, Vol2, APril, 1981.
[6]David G. Ullman. The Status of Design Theory Research in the United States.ICED'91, Zurich, p711
[7]H.YOshikawaandE.A.Warman, Design Theory for CAD.Elsevier Science Publishers, 1987
[8]孙守迁,梁小婉,基于设计目录的方案选择智能技术的研究.轻工机械,1995,2
[9]韩翔.基于UG的2K_H行星减速器计算机辅助设计[D].成都：西南交通大学.2004
[10]全美娟.行星传动设计计算和三维建模系统的研究[D].山西太原：太原理工大学.2005
[11]伍琼仙.NGW型行星齿轮减速机构设计自动化系统研究[D].成都：西南交通大学.2011
[12]Ulrieh, K. Tung. K. Fundamentals of Product Modularity In:Sharon A ed. Issues in Design/Manufacturing Integration, Proceedings ASME winter Annual Meeting Conference, Atlanta,1991,New York:ASME,DE39,1991
[13]Ito Y, ShinnoH, Structural description and similarity of the Structural configuration in machine tools, Int J.MTDR,1982,22(2):97-110
[14]Jerffey B Dahmus,Javier P Gonzalez-Zugasti, Kevin Notto, Modular Product Architecture. Processings of 2000 ASME Design Engineering Technical Conferences. DETC00/DTM=14565
[15]彭少虎.减速器优化的神来之笔[J].现代制造,2005.20：22-25.
[16]张松林.机械产品两种模块化设计方法[J].交通与计算机.2001年第3期第19卷
[17]刘雄波.基于Solidworks的通用减速器模块化设计研究[D].2006
[18]沈珺.批量减速器模块化系统设计与研究[D].太原：太原理工大学.2001
[19]Chin. Bicubic B-Spline Surface Representation Of Bevel Gears[J]. Chung-Kuo Chi Hsueh Kung Ch'eng Hsueh Pao,1987,8:409-417
[20]Barone.S. Gear geometric design by B-spline curve fitting and sweep surface modelling[J]. Engineering with Computers,2001,17:66-74
[21]Zhang.J.H. Digital simulation of spiral bevel gears' real tooth surfaces based on non-uniform rational B-Spline[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power,2009,24:1672-1676
[22]Jiang.J.K. Optimal design of modified cylindrical gear based on minimum flash temperature of tooth surfaces[J]. Advanced Materials Research,2013,655:573-577
[23]Yang.Lin.Research on spiral bevel gear tooth surface reconstruction based on NURBS [J]. Applied Mechanics and Materials.2012,130-134:701-705
[24]Hao.D.S.An optimum design method for profile modification of spur planetary gear trains[J]. Journal of Dalian University of Technology,2012,52:657-663
[25]朱心雄.自由曲线曲面造型技术[M]：北京：科学出版社,2000
[26]孙殿柱.真实齿面啮合理论的研究：[博士学位论文].北京：中国农业大学,1998
[27]孙殿柱,董学朱.一种真实齿面啮合分析的有效数学模型[J].机械设计.1999,10：31-34
[28]孙殿柱,董学朱.描述真实齿面数学模型的研究[J].农业机械学报.2000,31(1)：79-81
[29]Wu. X. Design of hypoid gear tooth surface represented by non-uniform rational B-spiine polynomial [J]. Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University,2005,39:17-20
[30]Li.X. Contact dynamics analysis of helical gear based on precise tooth surface model [J]. International Review on Computers and Software,2012,7:1215-1220
[31]高淑英.粗纱机广义模块化设计及其软件实现技术[D].天津：天津大学,2005
[32]刘加光.通用减速器的模块化系列设计研究[J].机械,1994(02)：22-25
[33]岳峰丽等.模块化减速器设计技术[J].沈阳工业学院学报,2000(04)：26-29
[34]沈裙,王铁,段德荣等.减速器批量生产的快速设计方法[J].机械研究与应用,2010.04：83-85
[35]张世华,杨晓光.一种新的模块化设计方法及其应用[J].设计与研究,2009(4)：36-41
[36]赵淑霞,孙慧祯.基于CBR的机械产品功能模块化设计[J].科技信息,2009.16：206-207
[37]贾延林.模块化设计[M].北京：机械工业出版社,1993
[38]UlriehK. The Role of Product Architecture in the Manufacturing Firm[J]. Research Policy,1995,(24):419-440
[39]Erixon G, Yxkull A,Amstrom A. Modularity the Basis for Product and Factory Reengineering[J].CIRP Annals-Manufacturing Technology,1996,45(1):1-6
[40]Gu P,Sosale S, Product Modularization for Life Cycle Engineering [J]. Roboties and Computer-integrated Manufacturing,1999,15(5):387-401
[41]Stone R B,Wood K L,Crawford R H.A Heuristic Method for Identifying Modules for product Architectures[J]. Design Studies,2000,21(1),5-31
[42]Salhich S M,Kamrani A K. Macro Level Product Development Using Design for Modularity [J].Robotics Computer-integrated Manufacturing,1999,15(4):319-329
[43]Jiao J X,Tseng M M. An Information Modeling Framework for Product Families to Support Mass Customization Manufacturing[J].Annals of the CIRP,1999,48(1):93-98
[44]朱长顺,杨德勇,杨超君.减速器三维参数化CAD专家系统的知识库与推理机的构建[J].机械设计与制造,2006(1)：61-63
[45]郑玉和.NGWN型行星减速器的优化设计[J].机电技术,2007：(3)49-51
[46]饶振纲.行星齿轮传动设计[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2003：85-200
[47]王文斌.机械设计书册[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2008
[48]渐开线行星传动的设计与制造编委会.渐开线行星传动的设计与制造[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2002：5-275
[49]丘宣怀.机械设计[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2008：313-314
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