工作流动态变更处理技术
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摘要
面对日益激烈的市场竞争,越来越多的企业开始应用工作流管理企业信息。目前工作流的应用已经取得了一定的成果,但是传统的工作流管理系统只能管理预先定义的流程,对流程不确定因素的处理缺乏支持。随着企业业务的变化,不确定性和多变性已成为业务流程的显著特点,因此提高工作流管理系统对不确定因素的处理能力成为工作流技术研究的热点之一。
本文以提高工作流对动态变更的处理能力为目的,深入研究了工作流的动态变更处理技术。
首先,介绍了工作流技术的发展现状,研究了工作流处理动态变更的相关理论、概念以及功能技术体系等。
其次,本文通过深入分析工作流的动态变更特点,提出了针对流程变更的相应迁移策略。同时深入研究了工作流处理动态变更所涉及的关键技术:
(1)提出了基于Petri网和有向网络图的动态工作流模型,该模型用关系矩阵定义节点路由,用状态标识矩阵描述流程和节点执行状态,不仅可以记录流程结构变更,而且可以追溯流程运行过程。
(2)针对传统工作流引擎对动态变更处理的不足,研究了动态变更对流程引擎的新需求,设计了工作流引擎应对变更的处理过程。
(3)通过分析企业信息管理系统和工作流的数据交互,研究了流程数据类型和存储过程,以及工作流与其它系统的数据交互接口技术。
(4)通过变更处理算法查找可越过节点和迁移节点,实现了流程实例的即时迁移。
最后,在以上关键技术研究的基础上,以汽车行业的更改签收流程为例,验证了文中方法处理工作流动态变更的可行性及适用性。
With the increasingly heated market competition, Workflow Management System (WfMS) is employed more and more widely to manage business information. By now, the application of WfMS has gained certain achievements. The pre-defined workflows are well managed by the traditional WfMS. But it can’t deal with the uncertain workflows. With the business process becoming more uncertain and various, it’s crucial to improve the workflow to deal with uncertain factors.
To improve the flexibility of WfMS and solve problems in dynamic changes of workflow instance, the related technologies are deeply studied.
Firstly, the current situations of the development of WfMS is introduced. Theories and concepts related with dynamic changes, and functional technology systems are well studied.
Secondly, according to the characteristics of dynamic changes , migration strategies of each workflow instance is proposed. key technologies of the dynamic workflow are discussed in detail:
(1) A new model based on Petri-net and DNG is proposed. In this model, routing relations between workflow nodes are expressed by routing matrix with current state of each place in the workflow instance expressed by a state matrix too. These two matrices are employed to monitor dynamic changes of node relations and place states in the workflow instance.
(2)The disposal of dynamic changes are not supported by the traditional workflow engine, so new demands for the engine are proposed in this thesis. Meanwhile, the responds of the engine to the dynamic changes are designed.
(3)Through the analysis of data exchanges between WfMS and other systems, the data types and storage are studied. The interface technology between WfMS and other systems is introduced.
(4) An immediate change algorithm to find bypassable nodes and migration nodes in time of workflow template adjustment is proposed. Migration strategy of each workflow instance is determined by bypassable nodes and migration nodes found.
Finally, based on the above general architecture and related key technologies, an engineering change process is given as an example to verify the feasibility of this method.
本文以提高工作流对动态变更的处理能力为目的,深入研究了工作流的动态变更处理技术。
首先,介绍了工作流技术的发展现状,研究了工作流处理动态变更的相关理论、概念以及功能技术体系等。
其次,本文通过深入分析工作流的动态变更特点,提出了针对流程变更的相应迁移策略。同时深入研究了工作流处理动态变更所涉及的关键技术:
(1)提出了基于Petri网和有向网络图的动态工作流模型,该模型用关系矩阵定义节点路由,用状态标识矩阵描述流程和节点执行状态,不仅可以记录流程结构变更,而且可以追溯流程运行过程。
(2)针对传统工作流引擎对动态变更处理的不足,研究了动态变更对流程引擎的新需求,设计了工作流引擎应对变更的处理过程。
(3)通过分析企业信息管理系统和工作流的数据交互,研究了流程数据类型和存储过程,以及工作流与其它系统的数据交互接口技术。
(4)通过变更处理算法查找可越过节点和迁移节点,实现了流程实例的即时迁移。
最后,在以上关键技术研究的基础上,以汽车行业的更改签收流程为例,验证了文中方法处理工作流动态变更的可行性及适用性。
With the increasingly heated market competition, Workflow Management System (WfMS) is employed more and more widely to manage business information. By now, the application of WfMS has gained certain achievements. The pre-defined workflows are well managed by the traditional WfMS. But it can’t deal with the uncertain workflows. With the business process becoming more uncertain and various, it’s crucial to improve the workflow to deal with uncertain factors.
To improve the flexibility of WfMS and solve problems in dynamic changes of workflow instance, the related technologies are deeply studied.
Firstly, the current situations of the development of WfMS is introduced. Theories and concepts related with dynamic changes, and functional technology systems are well studied.
Secondly, according to the characteristics of dynamic changes , migration strategies of each workflow instance is proposed. key technologies of the dynamic workflow are discussed in detail:
(1) A new model based on Petri-net and DNG is proposed. In this model, routing relations between workflow nodes are expressed by routing matrix with current state of each place in the workflow instance expressed by a state matrix too. These two matrices are employed to monitor dynamic changes of node relations and place states in the workflow instance.
(2)The disposal of dynamic changes are not supported by the traditional workflow engine, so new demands for the engine are proposed in this thesis. Meanwhile, the responds of the engine to the dynamic changes are designed.
(3)Through the analysis of data exchanges between WfMS and other systems, the data types and storage are studied. The interface technology between WfMS and other systems is introduced.
(4) An immediate change algorithm to find bypassable nodes and migration nodes in time of workflow template adjustment is proposed. Migration strategy of each workflow instance is determined by bypassable nodes and migration nodes found.
Finally, based on the above general architecture and related key technologies, an engineering change process is given as an example to verify the feasibility of this method.
引文
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[3]徐勇.基于XML的PLM工作流管理技术研究: [硕士学位论文].武汉:华中科技大学
[4]张霞.基于角色的动态工作流技术的应用研究: [硕士学位论文].苏州:苏州大学
[5]张晓刚,李明树.基于工作流的知识流建模与控制[J].软件学报, 2005, 16(2): 184-193
[6]李涛,钟诗胜. PDM系统中工作流与过程管理模型的建立[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报, 2006, 38(6):852-856
[7] Henry Haidong Bi. Graphical and logical formalisms for business process modelling and verification[D]. Tucson: University of Arizona, 2004
[8]罗海滨,范玉顺,吴澄.工作流技术综述[J].软件学报, 2000, 11(7): 899-907
[9]范玉顺,吴澄.工作流管理技术研究与产品现状及发展趋势[J].计算机集成制造系统, 2000, 6(1): 1-13
[10]王霓虹,于晦浩.工作流技术及其发展趋势的研究[J].信息技术, 2007, 31(6): 67-69
[11]王承锋,许映秋.面向PLM的工作流管理应用研究[J].制造业自动化, 2004, 26(12): 8-12
[12]周建涛,史美林,叶新铭.柔性工作流技术研究的现状与趋势[J].计算机集成制造系统, 2005, 11(11): 1501-1510
[13]张琮.基于动态演变的工作流模型研究: [硕士毕业论文].武汉:华中师范大学, 2009
[14] Markus Kradolfer, Andreas Geppert. Dynamic Workflow Schema Evolution Based on Workflow Type Versioning and Workflow Migration[C]. COOPIS '99 Proceedings of the Fourth IECIS International Conference on Cooperative Information Systems, Edinburgh, 1999
[15]袁崇义. Petri网原理与应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社, 2005:225-258
[16]刘艳平,赵武,熊欣.基于PDM的产品设计过程动态工作流管理[J].机械设计与制造, 2009(1): 225-227
[17]杨书新,王坚,马福民.工作流管理系统的流程柔性动态变更研究[J].计算机应用, 2006, 26(11): 2736-2738
[18]王继曾,李四海.动态工作流变更的有效处理[J].软件时空, 2007, 23 (30): 259-261
[19] Qiu Z M, Wong Y S. Dynamic workflow change in PDM systems[J].Computers in Industry, 2007, 58(5): 453–463
[20] ter Hofstede, A.H.M., van der Aalst, and so on. Modern business process automation[M]. Queensland: Press of Springer, 2010: 123-145
[21] Wang J, Rosca D. Dynamic workflow modeling and verification [C]. Proceedings of the 3rd International ISCRAM Conference, Newark, 2006
[22]潘善亮,陈刚,董金祥.基于Web的产品设计流程模型[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报, 2003, 15(7): 828-835
[23]童星.基于XPDL的工作流模型研究[J].计算机工程应用技术, 2008, 2(14): 961-963
[24]李伟刚,王文斌,沈钧毅.产品开发过程中的数据流建模与分析[J].计算机学报, 2008, 31(10): 1804-1811
[25]陈兴. PLM中工作流技术的研究与实现: [硕士学位论文].武汉:华中科技大学, 2006
[26]万立,陈兴,刘清华. PLM系统中工作流访问控制模型研究[J].中国机械工程, 2006, 17(增刊): 176-180
[27]杨书新,王坚.基于状态的工作流实例迁移方法[J] .计算机集成制造系统, 2008, 14(2): 372-378
[28]周丽芬. Petri网的工作流模型建模技术[J].电脑知识与技术, 2009, 5(15): 4077-4078
[29] Ping Sun. Changjun Jiang, Analysis of workflow dynamic changes based on Petri net[J]. Information and Software Technology, 51 (2): 284–292
[30]曹化工,杨曼红.基于对象Petri网的工作流过程定义[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报, 2001, 13(1): 13-18
[31]李炜,曾广周,王晓琳.一种基于时间Petri网的工作流模型[J].软件学报, 2002,13(8):1666-1671
[32] Jinjun Chen, Yun Yang. Temporal dependency based checkpoint selection for dynamic verification of temporal constraints in scientific workflow systems[C]. 30th International Conference on Software Engineering, Leipzig, 2008
[33]方进,王铁成,石志宽等.基于UML的工作流建模[J].计算机过程与设计,2004, 25(9):1572-1575
[34]欧阳元新,熊璋,侯亚荣. UML活动图在工作流过程建模中的应用研究[J].计算机工程与设计, 2004, 25(9):1479-1481
[35]张立春,赵合计. UML活动图支持的工作流建模分析[J].计算机应用, 2003, 23(5): 28-30
[36] Waleed W. Smari, Sirisha Donepudi, Seung-yun Kim and so on. Efficient Handling of Changes in Dynamic Workflow Systems[C]. International Symposium on Collaborative Technologies and Systems, Las Vegas, 2006
[37]范玉顺.工作流管理技术基础[M].北京:清华大学出版社, 2001:36-41
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