基于.NET的动态工作流技术的研究与实现
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摘要
工作流技术是指由计算机支持或自动处理的全部或者部分业务过程的技术。计算机技术的发展和进步,直接推动了工作流技术的不断发展。人们通过采用工作流技术来组织业务流程,处理业务逻辑和管理组织结构,很大程度上解决了企业信息化过程中出现的问题,提高了企业的工作效率,增强企业的竞争力。
动态工作流系统是一个能够支持对正在运行的工作流流程实例进行修改的系统。传统的工作流系统规定只能够在流程定义阶段对流程进行编辑和修改,在流程开始运行之后就不能再对其进行任何操作。然而,现代的商业过程并不是一成不变的,它们需要在流程的运行中进行某些修改来保证其满足企业需求的变化。因此,通过引入动态工作流技术来保证业务流程在运行过程中能够根据实际情况对其做出相应的变化和调整,提高工作流系统的适应性。
首先,本文对现阶段工作流技术在国内外的的发展现状进行研究,分析了现有工作流系统的技术优点和存在的不足,并且研究了工作流的基本知识,主要包括工作流的定义和相关概念、工作流参考模型和工作流管理系统的基本概念,并分析了其结构体系。然后通过对动态工作流的定义和概念,以及动态工作流技术的主要研究内容进行研究,为后面的设计提供理论基础。
然后,针对一个实际系统的开发,在前面的理论基础上,提出并设计了该系统的体系结构。本系统采用经典的三层结构体系,分成表示层,逻辑层和数据层。从理论上分析了动态工作流实现的原理,对实现动态工作流系统的关键——动态修改进行研究和分析,主要包括对动态修改的分类,实现策略和基本操作的研究,并提出一种扩展的策略来实现本动态工作流系统。
最后,从过程实例和活动实例两方面的状态转换机制的研究并扩展,设计了本系统中所使用的节点规则及流转条件,同时设计出了一个支持动态修改的工作流引擎。在此基础上设计出一个基于.NET的动态工作流系统,该系统支持对流程定义和流程实例进行动态修改。基于.NET的动态工作流系统是在基于Microsoft.NET的框架下开发的,采用经典的三层体系结构,充分发挥了.NET框架和C#语言的技术优势,在很大程度上提高了系统的动态性和灵活性。
The Workflow technology is a kind of technology that the all or part of the business process is supported by computer or automatic processed.The development and progress of computer technology directly promote the continuous development of the workflow technology. People use it to organize business process, handle the business logic and manage the structure of the organization.This method largely solves the problems in the process of enterprise information, improves the efficiency of the enterprise and enhances the competitiveness of the enterprises.
The dynamic workflow system is a system which allows to modify the workflow process instance when it is running. The traditional workflow system requirements can only be edited and modified in the process definition phase of the process. After the process began to run.there is no longer available for any operation. However, the modern business processes are not static,they need to make some changes in the process running to ensure it meets the change of business needs. Therefore, by introducing the dynamic workflow technology to ensure business processes during operation according to the actual situation and make the appropriate changes and adjustments to improve the adaptability of workflow systems.
First of all, we do some research about the status of the workflow technology at home and abroad, analyze the advantages and shortcomings of the existing workflow systems.and study the basic knowledge of workflow technology, including the workflow definition and related concepts、the workflow reference model and the basic concepts of workflow management system, and analysze its structural system. And then we study the dynamic workflow definitions and concepts, as well as the main research contents of dynamic workflow system which provides a theoretical foundation for the later design.
Then, for the development of a practical system, based on the front theory, we put forward and design the system structure of the system. In the system, we use the classic three-tier architecture system that they are the presentation layer, the logic layer and the data layer. We theoretically study the dynamic workflow implementation principle and do a lot of researches and analsis of the dynamic modification which is the key point of the dynamic workflow system, including the dynamic modification of the classification, the research of the achieve strategy and the basic operation. And at last. We propose a expansion strategy to achieve this dynamic workflow system.
Finally, from the two aspects of the process instance and activity instance state transition mechanism and extend, we design rules of the nodes and circulation conditions used in this system, to design a workflow engine that supports dynamic modification.And then, we design a dynamic workflow system based on.NET which supports the modification of the process definition and the process instance. The system is based on Microsoft.net framework, using the classic three-tier architecture. It gives full play to the.NET framework and C#technical advantage, has greatly improved the system dynamic and flexibility.
动态工作流系统是一个能够支持对正在运行的工作流流程实例进行修改的系统。传统的工作流系统规定只能够在流程定义阶段对流程进行编辑和修改,在流程开始运行之后就不能再对其进行任何操作。然而,现代的商业过程并不是一成不变的,它们需要在流程的运行中进行某些修改来保证其满足企业需求的变化。因此,通过引入动态工作流技术来保证业务流程在运行过程中能够根据实际情况对其做出相应的变化和调整,提高工作流系统的适应性。
首先,本文对现阶段工作流技术在国内外的的发展现状进行研究,分析了现有工作流系统的技术优点和存在的不足,并且研究了工作流的基本知识,主要包括工作流的定义和相关概念、工作流参考模型和工作流管理系统的基本概念,并分析了其结构体系。然后通过对动态工作流的定义和概念,以及动态工作流技术的主要研究内容进行研究,为后面的设计提供理论基础。
然后,针对一个实际系统的开发,在前面的理论基础上,提出并设计了该系统的体系结构。本系统采用经典的三层结构体系,分成表示层,逻辑层和数据层。从理论上分析了动态工作流实现的原理,对实现动态工作流系统的关键——动态修改进行研究和分析,主要包括对动态修改的分类,实现策略和基本操作的研究,并提出一种扩展的策略来实现本动态工作流系统。
最后,从过程实例和活动实例两方面的状态转换机制的研究并扩展,设计了本系统中所使用的节点规则及流转条件,同时设计出了一个支持动态修改的工作流引擎。在此基础上设计出一个基于.NET的动态工作流系统,该系统支持对流程定义和流程实例进行动态修改。基于.NET的动态工作流系统是在基于Microsoft.NET的框架下开发的,采用经典的三层体系结构,充分发挥了.NET框架和C#语言的技术优势,在很大程度上提高了系统的动态性和灵活性。
The Workflow technology is a kind of technology that the all or part of the business process is supported by computer or automatic processed.The development and progress of computer technology directly promote the continuous development of the workflow technology. People use it to organize business process, handle the business logic and manage the structure of the organization.This method largely solves the problems in the process of enterprise information, improves the efficiency of the enterprise and enhances the competitiveness of the enterprises.
The dynamic workflow system is a system which allows to modify the workflow process instance when it is running. The traditional workflow system requirements can only be edited and modified in the process definition phase of the process. After the process began to run.there is no longer available for any operation. However, the modern business processes are not static,they need to make some changes in the process running to ensure it meets the change of business needs. Therefore, by introducing the dynamic workflow technology to ensure business processes during operation according to the actual situation and make the appropriate changes and adjustments to improve the adaptability of workflow systems.
First of all, we do some research about the status of the workflow technology at home and abroad, analyze the advantages and shortcomings of the existing workflow systems.and study the basic knowledge of workflow technology, including the workflow definition and related concepts、the workflow reference model and the basic concepts of workflow management system, and analysze its structural system. And then we study the dynamic workflow definitions and concepts, as well as the main research contents of dynamic workflow system which provides a theoretical foundation for the later design.
Then, for the development of a practical system, based on the front theory, we put forward and design the system structure of the system. In the system, we use the classic three-tier architecture system that they are the presentation layer, the logic layer and the data layer. We theoretically study the dynamic workflow implementation principle and do a lot of researches and analsis of the dynamic modification which is the key point of the dynamic workflow system, including the dynamic modification of the classification, the research of the achieve strategy and the basic operation. And at last. We propose a expansion strategy to achieve this dynamic workflow system.
Finally, from the two aspects of the process instance and activity instance state transition mechanism and extend, we design rules of the nodes and circulation conditions used in this system, to design a workflow engine that supports dynamic modification.And then, we design a dynamic workflow system based on.NET which supports the modification of the process definition and the process instance. The system is based on Microsoft.net framework, using the classic three-tier architecture. It gives full play to the.NET framework and C#technical advantage, has greatly improved the system dynamic and flexibility.
引文
[1]吴琦,孔令富,王晗.基于动态工作流的电子政务审批系统设计[J].电子技术,2008,45(11)：29-31.
[2]闵光泰,冯韬.基于中间件的动态柔性工作流管理系统[J].计算机集成制造系统,2006,7(6)：655-659.
[3]孙璞,丁祥武.动态工作流技术的应用研究[J].软件时空,2009,25(7)：170-172.
[4]成敏,基于规则引擎的动态工作流模型研究与设计[D],湖北：武汉理工大学,2009.
[5]黄慧,边馥苓.基于层次建模法的柔性工作流管理系统研究[J].计算机集成制造系统,2006,13(6)：22-26.
[6]王冬,孙瑞志,邹江.一个分布式动态工作流管理系统模型[J].计算机应用研究,2008,25(12)：3750-3752.
[7]刘莎,基于WEB服务的动态工作流引擎设计[J].微处理机,2009,(2),35-42.
[8]陈石灵,张有良.工作流管理系统中规则处理问题研究[J].计算机工程与应用,2007,31(16)：96-101.
[9]周燕,姜浩.面向动态工作流的Web服务组合模型研究与实现[J].计算机工程,2008,34(13)：157-159.
[10]李璐璐,工作流动态变更处理技术[D],湖北：华中科技大学,2011.
[11]管吕生,蔡瑾.基于角色的动态工作流技术的研究[J].计算机与数字工程,2009,37(1)：77-80.
[12]路春光,孟丽丽等.基于WEB的柔性工作流引擎的设计[J].微计算机信息,2006,22(15)：21-23.
[13]万欣,刘强.工作流平台中动态流程模型的研究[J].计算机应用研究,2005,(09)：69-71.
[14]王继曾,李四海.动态工作流变更的有效处理[J].微计算机信息,2007,23(30)：259-261.
[15]周建涛,史美林,叶新铭.柔性工作流技术研究的现状与趋势[J].计算机集成制造系统.2006,14(6)：1411-1420.
[16]张霞,基于角色的动态工作流技术的应用研究[D],江苏：苏州大学,2007.
[17]杨书新,王坚,马福民.工作流管理系统的流程柔性动态变更研究[J].计算机应用,2006,26(11)：2736-2738.
[18]任瑞贞,常会友.工作流系统的组织模型管理及动态维护[J].计算机应用与软件,2008,25(1)：176-178.
[19]曾炜,阎保平.工作流模型研究综述[J].计算机应用研究,2005,5(3)：11-22.
[20]林永毅,罗锶.基于实例的动态定义执行工作流引擎研究[J].计算机工程与科学,2007,29(6)：132-134.
[21]陆剑江,钱培德,杨季文.基于状态控制的动态柔性工作流[J].计算机集成制造系统,2006,12(2)：256-263.
[22]Choi I,Jeong H,Song M.IPM-EPDL:An XML-based executable process definition language.Computers in Industry,2005,56(1):85-104.
[23]张宏,王红.基于J2EE技术的工作流管理系统[J].郑州大学学报,2007,39(3)：93-94.
[24]滕国栋,万健.基于动态工作流的B2B电子商务模型[J].计算机与现代化,2005(06)：16-18.
[25]李从东,张永平.支持动态合作的分散型工作流系统[J].科研管理,2008,26(1)：152-156.
[26]Edward A,Stohr,JL Zhao.Workflow Automation:Overview and Research Issues.Information Systems Frontiers,2008,3(3):196-281.
[27]Klein M,Dellarocas C.A Knowledge-Based Approach to Handling Exceptions in Workflow Systems.Computer Supported Cooperative Work,2010,9(4):399-402.
[28]Jiacun Wang,Daniela Rosca,William Tepfenhart,Allen Mileski and Michael Stoute.Dyna mic Workflow Modeling and Analysis in Incident Command Systems.IEEE,2008,38(5): 1041-1055.
[29]Benamara R,Barkaoui K.On Concurrency Control in Multidatabase Systems with an Extended Transaction Model.The Journal of Supercomputing,2006,24(2):193-202.
[30]W.M.P van der Aalst,T Basten.Inheritance of workflows:An approach to tackling problems related to change[J].Theoretical Computer Science,2008,27(2):125-203.
[31]Guangxin Yang.Process Library.Data & Knowledge Engineering,2004,50(1):35-62.
[32]A KUMAR,J A WAINER.Meta-workflows and ESP:a framework for coordination,exception handling and adaptability in workflow systems[C].Lecture Notes in Computer Science,2004 (3095):13-27.
[33]Pinar Koksal,Ibrahim Cingil,Asuman Dogac.A Component-based Workflow System with Dynmaic Modifications.Next Generation Information Technologies and Systems:4th International Workshop,NGITS'99,Zikhron-Yaakov,Israel,July 1999.Proceedings;IEEE Computer Society,1999,238-255.
[34]Jacques ner,Fabio de Lima Bezerra,Constraint-Based Flexibe Workflows.Lecture Notes in Computer Science,Springer-Verlag Heidelberg,2007,(2806),151-158.
[35]ZHOU Mingtian,WANG Minyi,Yao Shaowen.A workflow instance migration approach based on the extend-task-structures[J].Journal of Software,2003,14(4):757-763.
[36]Puustjarvi J. Workflow Concurrency Control.The Computer Journal,2007,44(1):42-53.
[37]Malika Mahoui,Lingma lu,Ning Gao,et al.A Dynamic Workflow Approach for the Integration of Bioinformatics Services.Cluster Computing,2005,8(4):279-291.
[38]Rinderle S,Reichert M,Dadam P.Correctness Criteria for Dynamic Changes in Workflow Systems:a survey.Data & Knowledge Engineering,2004,50(1):9-34.
[39]Shazia W,Maria E,Wasim S.Specification and Validation of Process Constraints for Flexible Workflows.Information System,2005,30(5):349-378.
[40]Mangan P,Sadiq S.On Building Workflow Models for Flexible Processes.Australian Computer Science Communications,2006,24(2):103-109.
[41]Haake JM,Wang WG Flexible support for business process:extending cooperative hypermedia with Proeess support.Information and Software Technology,2003,41(6):355-366.
[42]YingHunag. A web sevrices-based framework of business integration solutions.Electric Commerce Research and Applications,2009,2:15-26.
[2]闵光泰,冯韬.基于中间件的动态柔性工作流管理系统[J].计算机集成制造系统,2006,7(6)：655-659.
[3]孙璞,丁祥武.动态工作流技术的应用研究[J].软件时空,2009,25(7)：170-172.
[4]成敏,基于规则引擎的动态工作流模型研究与设计[D],湖北：武汉理工大学,2009.
[5]黄慧,边馥苓.基于层次建模法的柔性工作流管理系统研究[J].计算机集成制造系统,2006,13(6)：22-26.
[6]王冬,孙瑞志,邹江.一个分布式动态工作流管理系统模型[J].计算机应用研究,2008,25(12)：3750-3752.
[7]刘莎,基于WEB服务的动态工作流引擎设计[J].微处理机,2009,(2),35-42.
[8]陈石灵,张有良.工作流管理系统中规则处理问题研究[J].计算机工程与应用,2007,31(16)：96-101.
[9]周燕,姜浩.面向动态工作流的Web服务组合模型研究与实现[J].计算机工程,2008,34(13)：157-159.
[10]李璐璐,工作流动态变更处理技术[D],湖北：华中科技大学,2011.
[11]管吕生,蔡瑾.基于角色的动态工作流技术的研究[J].计算机与数字工程,2009,37(1)：77-80.
[12]路春光,孟丽丽等.基于WEB的柔性工作流引擎的设计[J].微计算机信息,2006,22(15)：21-23.
[13]万欣,刘强.工作流平台中动态流程模型的研究[J].计算机应用研究,2005,(09)：69-71.
[14]王继曾,李四海.动态工作流变更的有效处理[J].微计算机信息,2007,23(30)：259-261.
[15]周建涛,史美林,叶新铭.柔性工作流技术研究的现状与趋势[J].计算机集成制造系统.2006,14(6)：1411-1420.
[16]张霞,基于角色的动态工作流技术的应用研究[D],江苏：苏州大学,2007.
[17]杨书新,王坚,马福民.工作流管理系统的流程柔性动态变更研究[J].计算机应用,2006,26(11)：2736-2738.
[18]任瑞贞,常会友.工作流系统的组织模型管理及动态维护[J].计算机应用与软件,2008,25(1)：176-178.
[19]曾炜,阎保平.工作流模型研究综述[J].计算机应用研究,2005,5(3)：11-22.
[20]林永毅,罗锶.基于实例的动态定义执行工作流引擎研究[J].计算机工程与科学,2007,29(6)：132-134.
[21]陆剑江,钱培德,杨季文.基于状态控制的动态柔性工作流[J].计算机集成制造系统,2006,12(2)：256-263.
[22]Choi I,Jeong H,Song M.IPM-EPDL:An XML-based executable process definition language.Computers in Industry,2005,56(1):85-104.
[23]张宏,王红.基于J2EE技术的工作流管理系统[J].郑州大学学报,2007,39(3)：93-94.
[24]滕国栋,万健.基于动态工作流的B2B电子商务模型[J].计算机与现代化,2005(06)：16-18.
[25]李从东,张永平.支持动态合作的分散型工作流系统[J].科研管理,2008,26(1)：152-156.
[26]Edward A,Stohr,JL Zhao.Workflow Automation:Overview and Research Issues.Information Systems Frontiers,2008,3(3):196-281.
[27]Klein M,Dellarocas C.A Knowledge-Based Approach to Handling Exceptions in Workflow Systems.Computer Supported Cooperative Work,2010,9(4):399-402.
[28]Jiacun Wang,Daniela Rosca,William Tepfenhart,Allen Mileski and Michael Stoute.Dyna mic Workflow Modeling and Analysis in Incident Command Systems.IEEE,2008,38(5): 1041-1055.
[29]Benamara R,Barkaoui K.On Concurrency Control in Multidatabase Systems with an Extended Transaction Model.The Journal of Supercomputing,2006,24(2):193-202.
[30]W.M.P van der Aalst,T Basten.Inheritance of workflows:An approach to tackling problems related to change[J].Theoretical Computer Science,2008,27(2):125-203.
[31]Guangxin Yang.Process Library.Data & Knowledge Engineering,2004,50(1):35-62.
[32]A KUMAR,J A WAINER.Meta-workflows and ESP:a framework for coordination,exception handling and adaptability in workflow systems[C].Lecture Notes in Computer Science,2004 (3095):13-27.
[33]Pinar Koksal,Ibrahim Cingil,Asuman Dogac.A Component-based Workflow System with Dynmaic Modifications.Next Generation Information Technologies and Systems:4th International Workshop,NGITS'99,Zikhron-Yaakov,Israel,July 1999.Proceedings;IEEE Computer Society,1999,238-255.
[34]Jacques ner,Fabio de Lima Bezerra,Constraint-Based Flexibe Workflows.Lecture Notes in Computer Science,Springer-Verlag Heidelberg,2007,(2806),151-158.
[35]ZHOU Mingtian,WANG Minyi,Yao Shaowen.A workflow instance migration approach based on the extend-task-structures[J].Journal of Software,2003,14(4):757-763.
[36]Puustjarvi J. Workflow Concurrency Control.The Computer Journal,2007,44(1):42-53.
[37]Malika Mahoui,Lingma lu,Ning Gao,et al.A Dynamic Workflow Approach for the Integration of Bioinformatics Services.Cluster Computing,2005,8(4):279-291.
[38]Rinderle S,Reichert M,Dadam P.Correctness Criteria for Dynamic Changes in Workflow Systems:a survey.Data & Knowledge Engineering,2004,50(1):9-34.
[39]Shazia W,Maria E,Wasim S.Specification and Validation of Process Constraints for Flexible Workflows.Information System,2005,30(5):349-378.
[40]Mangan P,Sadiq S.On Building Workflow Models for Flexible Processes.Australian Computer Science Communications,2006,24(2):103-109.
[41]Haake JM,Wang WG Flexible support for business process:extending cooperative hypermedia with Proeess support.Information and Software Technology,2003,41(6):355-366.
[42]YingHunag. A web sevrices-based framework of business integration solutions.Electric Commerce Research and Applications,2009,2:15-26.