羽衣甘蓝叶黄素的提取和特性的研究
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摘要
叶黄素是类胡萝卜素的一种,广泛存在于自然界的植物中。叶黄素具有色泽鲜艳、着色力强、安全无毒等特点。叶黄素也是一种优良的抗氧化剂,广泛应用于食品、化妆品、医药、烟草、饲料等各种领域。目前,生产中多从万寿菊的花瓣中提取叶黄素,其产品成分主要是叶黄素酯。国内外对叶黄素的需求量日益增大,出现供不应求的局面,价格不断飙升。为了开发新的叶黄素植物源,本试验对羽衣甘蓝叶黄素提取及其特性进行了研究。主要结果如下:
1.不同干燥处理(真空冻干、室温晾干、高温烘干)对羽衣甘蓝叶黄素提取量影响差异显著,其中真空冻干处理后叶黄素提取量较高,为14.571mg/100g;室温晾干粉末和高温烘干粉末叶黄素提取量较低,分别为12.921 mg/100g、11.593 mg/100g。真空冻干处理可以有效防止叶黄素的损失。
2.在超声波作用下,利用四氢呋喃(THF)浸提和氢氧化钾乙醇(KOH-C2H5OH)溶液皂化羽衣甘蓝真空冻干粉末,经过萃取、浓缩、溶解、离心、重结晶、真空室温干燥,得到叶黄素结晶。结果表明:利用四氢呋喃(料液比为1:10)浸提,在400w超声波作用下,温度为30℃时提取20min,叶黄素的提取量最高。五次重复试验平均提取量达到32.894mg/100g。
3.羽衣甘蓝叶黄素对热敏感;日光对羽衣甘蓝叶黄素有明显的破坏作用,室内自然光对羽衣甘蓝叶黄素也有一定的破坏作用,放置在暗处对羽衣甘蓝叶黄素的稳定性影响较小;金属离子Fe~(2+)、Fe~(3+)、Cu~(2+)对羽衣甘蓝叶黄素的稳定性影响较大;蔗糖及金属离子K~+、Na~+对羽衣甘蓝叶黄素无不良影响;低浓度还原剂Na_2SO_3和抗坏血酸能够防止羽衣甘蓝叶黄素的氧化和降解,对羽衣甘蓝叶黄素有一定的保护作用;氧化剂H_2O_2能够影响羽衣甘蓝叶黄素的稳定性;pH为5～9时羽衣甘蓝叶黄素溶液较稳定。
本试验创新点:
1.测定了不同干燥处理(真空冻干、室温晾干、高温烘干)对羽衣甘蓝叶黄素提取量的影响。
2.本试验应用超声波对羽衣甘蓝中的叶黄素进行了提取。
Lutein is a kind of carotenoids which is widespread nature of the plants. This brightly-colored natural pigment with coloring power, safe, nutritious and other characteristics lutein is a good antioxidant,which are widely used in food, cosmetics, pharmaceutical, tobacco. Currently,production extracted from marigold petals, lutein ester product is a major element. The growing domestic demand for lutein, the shortage situation, its price continued to soar. To develop new sources of lutein plant, we conducted a study of Lutein extraction and characteristics using kales as experimental material. The main results are as follows:
1、The extraction efficiency of lutein from Brassic oleracea var.acephala DC. were analyzed with different drying method (vacuum freeze–drying, room temperature air-drying and high temperature drying), The result shows that vacuum freeze–drying technology is the best one (14.571mg/100g )and it can effectively prevent the loss of lutein. Lutein levels from kale powder drying at room temperature and high temperature were lower (12.921 mg/100g, 11.593 mg/100g ).
2、Coarse crystalline lutein were extracted under the ultrasonic circumstances, soaked in tetrahydrofuran (THF) and saponified through KOH-C2H5OH, extraction, concentration, dissolved, centrifugation, recrystallization, vacuum drying at room temperature from smashed leaf powder of Brassic cleracesa Var.acephala DC. Using single factor analysis and orthogonal design, the experimental results show the highest lutein extraction under tetrahydrofuran (feed ratio of 1:10) extraction 400W ultrasonic at 30°C for 20 minute. Through repeated five times experiment the extraction reaches 32.894mg/100mg (Lutein: sample).
3、Lutein from Kale is sensitive to heat. Sunlight is a significant disruptive effect on the pigment and indoor natural light also has certain destruction. Dark place has little effect on the pigment. Metal ions Fe~(2+), Fe~(3+), Cu~(2+) have greater impact on the stability of lutein Kale and Sucrose and metal ions K~+, Na~+ without adversely affecting the kales Lutein. Low concentration of Na2SO3 and ascorbic acid can prevent kales Lutein oxidation and degradation. Oxidant H2O2 can affect the stability of lutein. The solution is stabler at pH 5-9.
The innovation points were as follows:
1、The extraction efficiency of lutein from Brassic oleracea var.acephala DC. was analyzed with different drying method (vacuum freeze–drying, room temperature air-drying and high temperature drying).
2、The application of ultrasonic test of the Brassica oleracea var. acephala were extracted lutein.
1.不同干燥处理(真空冻干、室温晾干、高温烘干)对羽衣甘蓝叶黄素提取量影响差异显著,其中真空冻干处理后叶黄素提取量较高,为14.571mg/100g;室温晾干粉末和高温烘干粉末叶黄素提取量较低,分别为12.921 mg/100g、11.593 mg/100g。真空冻干处理可以有效防止叶黄素的损失。
2.在超声波作用下,利用四氢呋喃(THF)浸提和氢氧化钾乙醇(KOH-C2H5OH)溶液皂化羽衣甘蓝真空冻干粉末,经过萃取、浓缩、溶解、离心、重结晶、真空室温干燥,得到叶黄素结晶。结果表明:利用四氢呋喃(料液比为1:10)浸提,在400w超声波作用下,温度为30℃时提取20min,叶黄素的提取量最高。五次重复试验平均提取量达到32.894mg/100g。
3.羽衣甘蓝叶黄素对热敏感;日光对羽衣甘蓝叶黄素有明显的破坏作用,室内自然光对羽衣甘蓝叶黄素也有一定的破坏作用,放置在暗处对羽衣甘蓝叶黄素的稳定性影响较小;金属离子Fe~(2+)、Fe~(3+)、Cu~(2+)对羽衣甘蓝叶黄素的稳定性影响较大;蔗糖及金属离子K~+、Na~+对羽衣甘蓝叶黄素无不良影响;低浓度还原剂Na_2SO_3和抗坏血酸能够防止羽衣甘蓝叶黄素的氧化和降解,对羽衣甘蓝叶黄素有一定的保护作用;氧化剂H_2O_2能够影响羽衣甘蓝叶黄素的稳定性;pH为5～9时羽衣甘蓝叶黄素溶液较稳定。
本试验创新点:
1.测定了不同干燥处理(真空冻干、室温晾干、高温烘干)对羽衣甘蓝叶黄素提取量的影响。
2.本试验应用超声波对羽衣甘蓝中的叶黄素进行了提取。
Lutein is a kind of carotenoids which is widespread nature of the plants. This brightly-colored natural pigment with coloring power, safe, nutritious and other characteristics lutein is a good antioxidant,which are widely used in food, cosmetics, pharmaceutical, tobacco. Currently,production extracted from marigold petals, lutein ester product is a major element. The growing domestic demand for lutein, the shortage situation, its price continued to soar. To develop new sources of lutein plant, we conducted a study of Lutein extraction and characteristics using kales as experimental material. The main results are as follows:
1、The extraction efficiency of lutein from Brassic oleracea var.acephala DC. were analyzed with different drying method (vacuum freeze–drying, room temperature air-drying and high temperature drying), The result shows that vacuum freeze–drying technology is the best one (14.571mg/100g )and it can effectively prevent the loss of lutein. Lutein levels from kale powder drying at room temperature and high temperature were lower (12.921 mg/100g, 11.593 mg/100g ).
2、Coarse crystalline lutein were extracted under the ultrasonic circumstances, soaked in tetrahydrofuran (THF) and saponified through KOH-C2H5OH, extraction, concentration, dissolved, centrifugation, recrystallization, vacuum drying at room temperature from smashed leaf powder of Brassic cleracesa Var.acephala DC. Using single factor analysis and orthogonal design, the experimental results show the highest lutein extraction under tetrahydrofuran (feed ratio of 1:10) extraction 400W ultrasonic at 30°C for 20 minute. Through repeated five times experiment the extraction reaches 32.894mg/100mg (Lutein: sample).
3、Lutein from Kale is sensitive to heat. Sunlight is a significant disruptive effect on the pigment and indoor natural light also has certain destruction. Dark place has little effect on the pigment. Metal ions Fe~(2+), Fe~(3+), Cu~(2+) have greater impact on the stability of lutein Kale and Sucrose and metal ions K~+, Na~+ without adversely affecting the kales Lutein. Low concentration of Na2SO3 and ascorbic acid can prevent kales Lutein oxidation and degradation. Oxidant H2O2 can affect the stability of lutein. The solution is stabler at pH 5-9.
The innovation points were as follows:
1、The extraction efficiency of lutein from Brassic oleracea var.acephala DC. was analyzed with different drying method (vacuum freeze–drying, room temperature air-drying and high temperature drying).
2、The application of ultrasonic test of the Brassica oleracea var. acephala were extracted lutein.
引文
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