平遥煤化集团捣固焦炉项目地下水污染数值模拟研究
|
摘要
随着人们生活水平的日益提高以及城市化、工业化进程加快,人类社会对地下水资源的开采不断加大的同时,城市污水、生活垃圾和工业废弃物造成地下水环境质量恶化、污染问题日益突出。焦化工程作为污染较为严重的工程,已成为制约环境建设的主要矛盾,因而做好污染治理防治工作尤为重要,地下水保护现已经为新的“十二五”规划的重点之一。
本文以平遥煤化集团捣固焦炉项目为例,全面系统地收集、整理气象、水文、地质条件、水文地质条件等资料基础上,建立符合研究区地下水含水层系统的水文地质概念模型；考虑污染物在地下水中的对流一弥散作用建立污染物溶质在地下水环境中运移的耦合动力学数学模型,运用Visual Modflow软件对地下水溶质运移数值模拟,从定性、定量的角度分析焦化项目污染物对地下水造成的影响。本文积极响应中国环境保护部颁布《环境影响评价技术导则-地下水环境》的宗旨,提出污染治理防治措施,在新建项目开发的规划和许可阶段,从源头上来管理潜在的地下水问题,具有十分重要的现实意义。
根据Modflow软件进行数值模拟的结果,得到的主要结论有：
(1)溶质运移呈现纵向距离、横向距离不等,纵向方向运移距离普遍大于横向运移距离,污染晕呈近似椭圆或羽状分布。
(2)横向运移距离主要取决于污染物本身的弥散作用,纵向运移距离主要取决于地下水流的水力梯度。地下水是污染物运移的良好载体,水流作用明显大于弥散作用；水力梯度越大,污染物的运移速度愈快。
(3)事故水池防渗失效后,污染因子超标范围占影响范围的32%-36%,影响程度较轻；罐区硬化面出现破损后,污染因子超标范围占影响范围的84%-91%,对地下水水环境影响严重。
(4)事故水池区污染晕纵向运移距离、影响范围均大于罐区,说明在水力梯度相等的情况下,污染因子的浓度对溶质运移起关键性作用。
With the improvement of people's living standard and acceleration of urbanization and industrialization, city sewage, garbage and industrial waste caused the deterioration of groundwater environmental quality and pollution problems have become increasingly prominent, while the human society continues to increase the exploitation of groundwater resources. Coking project, as a more serious pollution work, has already became a principal contradiction of constraining environmental construction. So it is particularly important to control the pollution,which has been already one of the priorities of the new '12th five-Year plan'.
This article takes the coke-oven project of PingYao Coalification Group as an example, the data of meteorology, hydrology and geological conditions, hydrogeological conditions, and surface water was collected and sorted comprehensively and systematically, as well as the field pumping test and the surrounding groundwater quality-sample test. Based on these, hydrogeological conceptual model was established in Accordance with groundwater aquifer systems. According to the transport mechanism of pollutants in the groundwater environment and field trials, this paper made use of Visual Modflow software to set up a coupled dynamics mathematical model, which reflects the flow of pollutant migration in groundwater environment. Based on numerical simulation of pollutant migration by Visual Modflow software, this article analyzed the influence of the coking project pollutants to shallow groundwater qualitatively and quantitatively. On this foundation, this paper proposed pollution prevention and control measures with respond actively to 《Environmental Impact Assessment Technical Guidelines-Groundwater Environment》, which was issued by China's Ministry of Environmental Protection. This paper has a very important practical significance to manage potential groundwater problem from the source in the planning and licensing phases of new project development.
According to the results of numerical simulation on Modflow software, the main conclusions are:
(1)The distance of solute transportation in vertical direction is different from that in horizontal direction. And the former generally is longer than the later. The pollution halo appears an oval or pinnate distribution.
(2)The lateral migration distance depends on the dispersion of the pollution itself, while the longitudinal migration distance depends on the hydraulic gradient of the groundwater. Groundwater is a good carrier of pollution transportation, and the effect of water current is larger than the effect of dispersion. The larger the hydraulic gradient is, the faster the pollutions transport.
(3) After the failure of making the accident pool impermeable, the excessive range of pollution factors occupies32%-36%of the coverage, the impact is small. While if the Tank farm sclerosis face is broken, the excessive range of pollution factors occupies84%-91%of the coverage, which has a serious influence on the environment of the groundwater.
(4)The longitudinal migration distance of Pollution halo and the range of the influence in accident pool are greater than those in the tank, which indicates that the concentration of the pollution factors plays the crucial role in solute transportation when the hydraulic gradient is equal.
本文以平遥煤化集团捣固焦炉项目为例,全面系统地收集、整理气象、水文、地质条件、水文地质条件等资料基础上,建立符合研究区地下水含水层系统的水文地质概念模型；考虑污染物在地下水中的对流一弥散作用建立污染物溶质在地下水环境中运移的耦合动力学数学模型,运用Visual Modflow软件对地下水溶质运移数值模拟,从定性、定量的角度分析焦化项目污染物对地下水造成的影响。本文积极响应中国环境保护部颁布《环境影响评价技术导则-地下水环境》的宗旨,提出污染治理防治措施,在新建项目开发的规划和许可阶段,从源头上来管理潜在的地下水问题,具有十分重要的现实意义。
根据Modflow软件进行数值模拟的结果,得到的主要结论有：
(1)溶质运移呈现纵向距离、横向距离不等,纵向方向运移距离普遍大于横向运移距离,污染晕呈近似椭圆或羽状分布。
(2)横向运移距离主要取决于污染物本身的弥散作用,纵向运移距离主要取决于地下水流的水力梯度。地下水是污染物运移的良好载体,水流作用明显大于弥散作用；水力梯度越大,污染物的运移速度愈快。
(3)事故水池防渗失效后,污染因子超标范围占影响范围的32%-36%,影响程度较轻；罐区硬化面出现破损后,污染因子超标范围占影响范围的84%-91%,对地下水水环境影响严重。
(4)事故水池区污染晕纵向运移距离、影响范围均大于罐区,说明在水力梯度相等的情况下,污染因子的浓度对溶质运移起关键性作用。
With the improvement of people's living standard and acceleration of urbanization and industrialization, city sewage, garbage and industrial waste caused the deterioration of groundwater environmental quality and pollution problems have become increasingly prominent, while the human society continues to increase the exploitation of groundwater resources. Coking project, as a more serious pollution work, has already became a principal contradiction of constraining environmental construction. So it is particularly important to control the pollution,which has been already one of the priorities of the new '12th five-Year plan'.
This article takes the coke-oven project of PingYao Coalification Group as an example, the data of meteorology, hydrology and geological conditions, hydrogeological conditions, and surface water was collected and sorted comprehensively and systematically, as well as the field pumping test and the surrounding groundwater quality-sample test. Based on these, hydrogeological conceptual model was established in Accordance with groundwater aquifer systems. According to the transport mechanism of pollutants in the groundwater environment and field trials, this paper made use of Visual Modflow software to set up a coupled dynamics mathematical model, which reflects the flow of pollutant migration in groundwater environment. Based on numerical simulation of pollutant migration by Visual Modflow software, this article analyzed the influence of the coking project pollutants to shallow groundwater qualitatively and quantitatively. On this foundation, this paper proposed pollution prevention and control measures with respond actively to 《Environmental Impact Assessment Technical Guidelines-Groundwater Environment》, which was issued by China's Ministry of Environmental Protection. This paper has a very important practical significance to manage potential groundwater problem from the source in the planning and licensing phases of new project development.
According to the results of numerical simulation on Modflow software, the main conclusions are:
(1)The distance of solute transportation in vertical direction is different from that in horizontal direction. And the former generally is longer than the later. The pollution halo appears an oval or pinnate distribution.
(2)The lateral migration distance depends on the dispersion of the pollution itself, while the longitudinal migration distance depends on the hydraulic gradient of the groundwater. Groundwater is a good carrier of pollution transportation, and the effect of water current is larger than the effect of dispersion. The larger the hydraulic gradient is, the faster the pollutions transport.
(3) After the failure of making the accident pool impermeable, the excessive range of pollution factors occupies32%-36%of the coverage, the impact is small. While if the Tank farm sclerosis face is broken, the excessive range of pollution factors occupies84%-91%of the coverage, which has a serious influence on the environment of the groundwater.
(4)The longitudinal migration distance of Pollution halo and the range of the influence in accident pool are greater than those in the tank, which indicates that the concentration of the pollution factors plays the crucial role in solute transportation when the hydraulic gradient is equal.
引文
[1]罗兰.我国地下水污染现状与防治对策研究[A].中国地质大学学报,2008.
[2]马秀媛.地下水预测的新方法研究[D].山东大学,2007.
[3]王俊杰,何江涛,陆燕,刘丽雅,张小亮.地下水污染风险评价中特征污染物量化方法探讨.环境科学。2012,(3).
[4]贝尔.J著,李竟生等译.多孔介质流体动力学[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1983.
[5]薛禹群.地下水动力学[M].北京：地质出版社,1997.
[6](美)贝尔(Bear,J.)著,许涓铭译.地下水水力学[M].地质出版社,1985
[7]Beatrice M.S.Giambastiani. Saltwater Intrusion in the Unconfined Coastal Aquifer of Ravenna(Italy):A Numerical Model[J] Journal of Hydrology,2007,340:91-104.
[8]Possible loss of accuracy in curved (isoparametric) finite elements-comment on a paper by henshell, walters and warburton[J] Journal of Sound and Vibration,1972,4,23:507-510.
[9]Borja R I. Free boundary,fluid flow,and seepage forces in excavations[J]. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1992,118(1):125-145.
[10]Ou C Y, Asce A M, Chiou D C, et al. Three-dimensional finite element analysis of deep excavations[J]. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1996,122(5):337-345.
[11]Samani N, K ompani2Zare M, Barry D A. MODF LOW equipped with a new method for the accurate simulation of axisymmetric flow[J]. Adances in Water Resources,2004 (27):31-45.
[12]Vermeulen P T M,Heemink A W,TeStroet C B M. Reduced models for linear groundwater flow models using empirical orthogonal function[J].Advances in Water Resources,2004, (27):57-69.
[13]Steffen Mehl, Mary C Hill.Development and evaluation of a local grid refinement method for block centered finite difference groundwater models using shared nodes[J].Advances in Water Resources,2002(25):497-511.
[14]Jacek Scibek,Diana M Allen, Alex J Cannon, Paul H Whit field. Groundwater surface water interaction under scenarios of climate change using a high2resolution transient groundwater model [J]. Journal of Hydrology,2006(8):1-17.
[15]许人冰.山东省济宁市地下水质模拟及其污染趋势预测试验研究之三[J].山东地质,1986,(02).
[16]杨金忠.溶质运移问题有限元解法及其在地下水水质改良中的应用[J].水文地质工程地质.1983(1).
[17]王晓红,杨天行,李宇.城市生活垃圾淋滤液运移模型问题[J].工程勘察.1998(4).
[18]杜丽惠,付清潭,陈铖,江春波,邢秀英.渗流及地下水污染二维预测模.水力发电.2003(4).
[19]王洪涛,周抚生,宫辉力.数值模拟在评价含油污水对地下水污染中的应用.北京大学学报(自然科学版),2000(6).
[20]尹海龙,徐祖信.江浙来水对黄浦江水质影响研究.水动力学研究与进展,2005.
[21]薛禹群,谢春红.水文地质学的数值法[M].北京：煤炭工业出版社,1980.
[22]吴剑锋,朱学愚.由MODFLOW浅谈地下水流数值模拟软件的发展趋势[J].工程勘察,2000,(2)：12-15.
[23]B.Ataie-Ashtiani,R.E.Volker. Numerical and Experimental Study of Seepage in Unconfined Aquifers with a Periodic Boundary Condi tion[J] Journal of Hydrology,1999(222):165-184.
[24]Jun-Mo Kim, Richard R. Parizek. Numerical Simulation of the Noordbergum Effect Resulting from Groundwater Pumping in a Layered Aquifer System[J]. Journal of Hydrology,1997(202):231-243.
[25]Timothy Scheibe, Steven Yabusaki. Scaling of Flow and Transport Behavior in Heterogeneous Groundwater Systerms [J]. Advances in Water Resources,1998, 22(3):223-238.
[26]A.Mazzia,M. Puttii.Mixed-finite Element and Finite Volume Discretization for Heavy Brine Simulations in Groundwater[J]. Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics,2002(147):191-213.
[27]Hassan Smaouia, Lahcen Zouhrib, Abdellatif Ouahsine. Flux-limiting Techniques for Simulation of Pollutant Transport in Porous Media: Application to Groundwater Management[J]. Mathematical and Computer Modelling,2008,47:47-59.
[28]Beatrice M.S.Giambastiani, Marco Antonellini etc. Saltwater Intrusion in the Unconfined Coastal Aquifer of Ravenna(Italy):A Numerical Model [J] Journal of Hydrology,2007,340:91-104.
[29]B.Ataie-Ashtiani. MODSharp:Regional-scale Numerical Model for Quantifying Groundwater Flux and Contaminant Discharge into the Coastal Zone[J].Environmental Modelling & Software,2007,22(9):1307-1315.
[30]丁继红,周德亮,马生忠.国外地下水模拟软件的发展现状与趋势.勘察科学技术,2002.
[31]]魏林宏.地下水流数值模拟的研究现状和发展趋势.重庆大学学报,2000.
[32]蒋惠忠,李建萍,生活垃圾填埋场渗滤液对潜层地下水污染的实验模拟分析—以北京北天堂垃圾填埋场为例,世界地质,2001,20(4)：374-379
[33]张春辉,裴元生,氨氮在大厚度包气带土层中迁移转化的数学模拟,甘肃环境研究与监测,2001,14(1)：1-3
[34]赵勇胜,苏玉明,王翊红,城市垃圾填埋场地下水污染的模拟与控制,环境科学,2002,23(增刊)：83-88
[35]郭秀娟.Visual Modflow在长春市地下水数值模拟中的应用.吉林建筑工程学院学报.2002(1).
[36]刘长礼,张云,王秀艳,高扬.石家庄表层粘性土衬垫对垃圾填埋场污染质的阻隔能力.中国地质学会.第四届全国青年地质工作者学术讨论会论文集.1999.
[37]Paul M. Barlow and Aden W. Harbaugh. USGS Directions in MODFLOW Development Groundwater[J].2006,44(6):771-774.
[38]Michael G. McDonald and Aden W. Harbaugh. The History of MODFLOW [J]. Groundwater,2003,41(2):280-283.
[2]马秀媛.地下水预测的新方法研究[D].山东大学,2007.
[3]王俊杰,何江涛,陆燕,刘丽雅,张小亮.地下水污染风险评价中特征污染物量化方法探讨.环境科学。2012,(3).
[4]贝尔.J著,李竟生等译.多孔介质流体动力学[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1983.
[5]薛禹群.地下水动力学[M].北京：地质出版社,1997.
[6](美)贝尔(Bear,J.)著,许涓铭译.地下水水力学[M].地质出版社,1985
[7]Beatrice M.S.Giambastiani. Saltwater Intrusion in the Unconfined Coastal Aquifer of Ravenna(Italy):A Numerical Model[J] Journal of Hydrology,2007,340:91-104.
[8]Possible loss of accuracy in curved (isoparametric) finite elements-comment on a paper by henshell, walters and warburton[J] Journal of Sound and Vibration,1972,4,23:507-510.
[9]Borja R I. Free boundary,fluid flow,and seepage forces in excavations[J]. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1992,118(1):125-145.
[10]Ou C Y, Asce A M, Chiou D C, et al. Three-dimensional finite element analysis of deep excavations[J]. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1996,122(5):337-345.
[11]Samani N, K ompani2Zare M, Barry D A. MODF LOW equipped with a new method for the accurate simulation of axisymmetric flow[J]. Adances in Water Resources,2004 (27):31-45.
[12]Vermeulen P T M,Heemink A W,TeStroet C B M. Reduced models for linear groundwater flow models using empirical orthogonal function[J].Advances in Water Resources,2004, (27):57-69.
[13]Steffen Mehl, Mary C Hill.Development and evaluation of a local grid refinement method for block centered finite difference groundwater models using shared nodes[J].Advances in Water Resources,2002(25):497-511.
[14]Jacek Scibek,Diana M Allen, Alex J Cannon, Paul H Whit field. Groundwater surface water interaction under scenarios of climate change using a high2resolution transient groundwater model [J]. Journal of Hydrology,2006(8):1-17.
[15]许人冰.山东省济宁市地下水质模拟及其污染趋势预测试验研究之三[J].山东地质,1986,(02).
[16]杨金忠.溶质运移问题有限元解法及其在地下水水质改良中的应用[J].水文地质工程地质.1983(1).
[17]王晓红,杨天行,李宇.城市生活垃圾淋滤液运移模型问题[J].工程勘察.1998(4).
[18]杜丽惠,付清潭,陈铖,江春波,邢秀英.渗流及地下水污染二维预测模.水力发电.2003(4).
[19]王洪涛,周抚生,宫辉力.数值模拟在评价含油污水对地下水污染中的应用.北京大学学报(自然科学版),2000(6).
[20]尹海龙,徐祖信.江浙来水对黄浦江水质影响研究.水动力学研究与进展,2005.
[21]薛禹群,谢春红.水文地质学的数值法[M].北京：煤炭工业出版社,1980.
[22]吴剑锋,朱学愚.由MODFLOW浅谈地下水流数值模拟软件的发展趋势[J].工程勘察,2000,(2)：12-15.
[23]B.Ataie-Ashtiani,R.E.Volker. Numerical and Experimental Study of Seepage in Unconfined Aquifers with a Periodic Boundary Condi tion[J] Journal of Hydrology,1999(222):165-184.
[24]Jun-Mo Kim, Richard R. Parizek. Numerical Simulation of the Noordbergum Effect Resulting from Groundwater Pumping in a Layered Aquifer System[J]. Journal of Hydrology,1997(202):231-243.
[25]Timothy Scheibe, Steven Yabusaki. Scaling of Flow and Transport Behavior in Heterogeneous Groundwater Systerms [J]. Advances in Water Resources,1998, 22(3):223-238.
[26]A.Mazzia,M. Puttii.Mixed-finite Element and Finite Volume Discretization for Heavy Brine Simulations in Groundwater[J]. Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics,2002(147):191-213.
[27]Hassan Smaouia, Lahcen Zouhrib, Abdellatif Ouahsine. Flux-limiting Techniques for Simulation of Pollutant Transport in Porous Media: Application to Groundwater Management[J]. Mathematical and Computer Modelling,2008,47:47-59.
[28]Beatrice M.S.Giambastiani, Marco Antonellini etc. Saltwater Intrusion in the Unconfined Coastal Aquifer of Ravenna(Italy):A Numerical Model [J] Journal of Hydrology,2007,340:91-104.
[29]B.Ataie-Ashtiani. MODSharp:Regional-scale Numerical Model for Quantifying Groundwater Flux and Contaminant Discharge into the Coastal Zone[J].Environmental Modelling & Software,2007,22(9):1307-1315.
[30]丁继红,周德亮,马生忠.国外地下水模拟软件的发展现状与趋势.勘察科学技术,2002.
[31]]魏林宏.地下水流数值模拟的研究现状和发展趋势.重庆大学学报,2000.
[32]蒋惠忠,李建萍,生活垃圾填埋场渗滤液对潜层地下水污染的实验模拟分析—以北京北天堂垃圾填埋场为例,世界地质,2001,20(4)：374-379
[33]张春辉,裴元生,氨氮在大厚度包气带土层中迁移转化的数学模拟,甘肃环境研究与监测,2001,14(1)：1-3
[34]赵勇胜,苏玉明,王翊红,城市垃圾填埋场地下水污染的模拟与控制,环境科学,2002,23(增刊)：83-88
[35]郭秀娟.Visual Modflow在长春市地下水数值模拟中的应用.吉林建筑工程学院学报.2002(1).
[36]刘长礼,张云,王秀艳,高扬.石家庄表层粘性土衬垫对垃圾填埋场污染质的阻隔能力.中国地质学会.第四届全国青年地质工作者学术讨论会论文集.1999.
[37]Paul M. Barlow and Aden W. Harbaugh. USGS Directions in MODFLOW Development Groundwater[J].2006,44(6):771-774.
[38]Michael G. McDonald and Aden W. Harbaugh. The History of MODFLOW [J]. Groundwater,2003,41(2):280-283.