黄土地层地铁隧道施工引起地表移动及变形预测方法
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摘要
地铁隧道施工虽然可以在施工阶段减少对地面交通的影响,但是不可避免地会对岩土体产生扰动,引起的地表移动及变形可能影响地面建筑物和既有管线设施,当地表沉降达到一定程度时将会影响到地面建筑物的安全和地下管线的正常使用。为了减少由于隧道施工引起的地表移动及变形造成的损害,有必要对其规律进行正确的分析并由此作出可靠的预计,从而可以选择最佳的施工工法,制定一套完善的措施以确保施工地区地面建筑物与地下管线等重要设施的安全。
本文在经典的随机介质理论基础上分别建立了单线和双线圆形断面盾构隧道开挖引起的地表移动和变形的解析计算方法,并根据Peck经验公式进行修订,给出了隧道上部围岩主要影响角的修正方法,使计算结果与实测结果更加接近;利用标准变换原理,得出了随机介质理论解释公式的极坐标表达式,使其对于任意复杂洞形和大断面隧道工程引起的地表移动和变形计算同样适用,扩大了解析方法的应用范围。
利用本文的预测方法,分别对西安地铁1号线工程单线和双线盾构地铁隧道、浅埋暗挖多心圆断面隧道、联拱隧道和大断面隧道施工引起的地表移动及变形进行预测,并与实测结果进行比较,可知利用本文预测方法计算结果与实测结果符合很好,可使理论分析在工程实际中应用。
Although the Metro tunnel construction can reduce effect to the traffic on the ground,are being used widely, it will disturb rock mass inevitably, and the ground surface settlement is likely to influence the buildings overground and the existing pipelines underground. When the settlement achieves a certain stage, it will affect the safety of buildings and the utilization of pipelines. To reduce the damages, which are induced by tunnel construction, to the buildings overground and the facilities underground, analyzing the regularity of ground surface settlement exactly and forecasting are necessary. Sequentially, optimal construction techniques could be chose and perfect measures could be established to insure the safety of buildings and pipelines in construction area.
Based on the classical stochastic medium theory, the expressions of ground surface settlement and deformation caused by shield construction are established in this thesis. And according the Peck method, the correction method of main influence angle of the upper rock tunnel is gave, making the calculation results and the measurde results closer. Using standard transform principle, the expression of stochastic medium theory are gave in polar coordinates; to explain the polar expression formula, suiting for any complex hole shape and large sections of tunnel engineering, expanding the application range of this method.
Prediction of the ground surface settlement and deformation are used by this method in this paper in shield tunnel, shallow-buried tunnel, arch tunnel and large cross-section tunnel in the back of Xi'an No.1 subway line project. Compareing with the measured results using this paper forecasting method, it can be seen that calculated results are in good agreement with the measured results with theoretical analysis. It can be used in engineering practice.
本文在经典的随机介质理论基础上分别建立了单线和双线圆形断面盾构隧道开挖引起的地表移动和变形的解析计算方法,并根据Peck经验公式进行修订,给出了隧道上部围岩主要影响角的修正方法,使计算结果与实测结果更加接近;利用标准变换原理,得出了随机介质理论解释公式的极坐标表达式,使其对于任意复杂洞形和大断面隧道工程引起的地表移动和变形计算同样适用,扩大了解析方法的应用范围。
利用本文的预测方法,分别对西安地铁1号线工程单线和双线盾构地铁隧道、浅埋暗挖多心圆断面隧道、联拱隧道和大断面隧道施工引起的地表移动及变形进行预测,并与实测结果进行比较,可知利用本文预测方法计算结果与实测结果符合很好,可使理论分析在工程实际中应用。
Although the Metro tunnel construction can reduce effect to the traffic on the ground,are being used widely, it will disturb rock mass inevitably, and the ground surface settlement is likely to influence the buildings overground and the existing pipelines underground. When the settlement achieves a certain stage, it will affect the safety of buildings and the utilization of pipelines. To reduce the damages, which are induced by tunnel construction, to the buildings overground and the facilities underground, analyzing the regularity of ground surface settlement exactly and forecasting are necessary. Sequentially, optimal construction techniques could be chose and perfect measures could be established to insure the safety of buildings and pipelines in construction area.
Based on the classical stochastic medium theory, the expressions of ground surface settlement and deformation caused by shield construction are established in this thesis. And according the Peck method, the correction method of main influence angle of the upper rock tunnel is gave, making the calculation results and the measurde results closer. Using standard transform principle, the expression of stochastic medium theory are gave in polar coordinates; to explain the polar expression formula, suiting for any complex hole shape and large sections of tunnel engineering, expanding the application range of this method.
Prediction of the ground surface settlement and deformation are used by this method in this paper in shield tunnel, shallow-buried tunnel, arch tunnel and large cross-section tunnel in the back of Xi'an No.1 subway line project. Compareing with the measured results using this paper forecasting method, it can be seen that calculated results are in good agreement with the measured results with theoretical analysis. It can be used in engineering practice.
引文
[1]阳军生,刘宝琛.隧道施工引起的地表移动及变形.北京:中国铁道出版社,2002
[2]PECK R B. Deep excavations and tunneling in soft ground, State of the Art Report. Proe.7th Int. Conf. On soil Mechanics and Foundation, Mexico City,1969: 225～290
[3] Attewell.P.B. Engineering Contract, Site Invedtigation and Surface Movements in Tunneling Works, Soft-Ground Tunneling-Failures and Displacements, A.A.Balkema, 1985:5～12
[4] O'Reilly, M.P.New, B.M. Settlements above Tunnels in the United Kingdom-their Magnitude and Prediction. Inst of Mining & Metallurgy, 1982:173～181
[5]藤田圭一.从基础工程角度看盾构隧道掘进法.隧道译丛,1985(5):49～63
[6]Mair.R.J, Taylor.R.N, Bracegirdle.A.A. Subsurface settlement profiles above tunnels in clays. Geotechnical, 1993,43(2),315～320
[7]侯学渊,廖少明.盾构隧道沉降预估.地下工程与隧道,1993(4):24～32
[8]刘建航,侯学渊.盾构法隧道.北京:中国铁道出版社,1991
[9]Celestino.T.B, Gomes.R.A.M.P, Borlolucci.A.A. Errors in ground distortions due to settlement trough adjustment. Tunneling and Underground Space Technolgy, 2000 ,15(1): 97～100
[10] Mindlin R D. Stress distribution around a tunnel. Transactions of the ASCE, 1940:1117～1153
[11] Sagaseta C. Analysis of undrained soil deformation due to ground loss. Geotechnique, 1987,37(3):301～320
[12] Verriijt A, Booker J R. Surface Settlement due to Deformation of A Tunnel in An Elastic Half Plane. Geotechnique, 1996,46(4):753～756
[13]久武胜保.软岩隧道的非线性弹塑性状态.隧道译丛,1992(1):11～18
[14]孙均,侯学渊.地下结构.北京:科学出版社,1988
[15]张弥,潘杰梁.预测盾构隧道开挖引起的地面沉陷的专家系统.都市快轨交通,1990(3)
[16]刘建航.上海软土隧道盾构施工技术专家系统综述.地下工程与隧道,1995(2):1～8
[17]姚宣德,王梦恕.地铁浅埋暗挖法施工引起的地表沉降控制标准的统计分析.岩土力学与工程学报,2006,25(10):2030～2035
[18]Litwiniszyn J. The theories and model research of movements of ground masses. Proceedings of European Congress Ground Movement, Leeds, UK, 1957,203～209
[19]刘宝琛,廖国华.煤矿地表移动的基本规律.北京:中国工业出版社,1965
[20]刘宝琛,阳军生,张家生.露天开挖及疏水引起的地表移动及变形.煤炭学报,1999,24(1): 39～42
[21]Liu Baochen , Ground surface movements due to underground excavation in the P.R. China , in Hudson ed., Comprehensive Rock Engineering, chap.29,Volume 4, New York: Pergamon Press,1993.781～817
[22]刘宝琛.急待深入研究的地铁建设中的岩土力学课题.铁道建筑技术,2000(3): 1～3
[23]Rowe R K, Lo K Y, Kack G J. A method of estimating surface settlement above shallow tunnels in soft soil. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 1983, 20(1):11～22
[24] Rowe R K, Kack G J. A theoretical examination of the settlements induced by tunneling: four case histories. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 1983, 20(2):299～314
[25]Finno R, Clough G W. Evaluation of soil response to EPB shield tunneling. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 1985,111(2):157～173
[26]Lee K M, Rowe R K. Finite element modeling of the three dimensional ground deformations due to tunneling in soft cohesive soils. Computers and Geotechnics, 1990,2(2):87～110
[27]Youskim S A S. Nonlinear analysis of tunnels in clayey/sandy soil with a concrete lining.Engineering Structures, 2000,22:24～33
[28]刘洪洲,孙钧.软土隧道盾构推进中地面沉降影响因素的数值法研究.现代隧道技术, 2001,38(6):24～28
[29]张冬梅,黄宏伟,王箭明.盾构推进引起地面沉降的粘弹性分析.岩石力学, 2001, 22(3): 311～314
[30]李强,曾得顺.盾构千斤顶推力变化对地面变形的影响.地下空间,2002,22(1): 2～15
[31]孙钧,刘红洲.上海地铁交叠盾构隧道施工变形问题.同济大学学报,2002,30(4): 379～385
[32]刘波,叶圣国等.地铁盾构施工引起邻近基础沉降的FLAC数值模拟.煤炭科学技术, 2002,30(10):75～80
[33]马紫娟,王李管,刘红兵.土压平衡盾构双线隧道施工引起的地表沉降规律研究.石家庄铁道学院学报(自然科学版),2007,20(4):49～53
[34]Mair R J, Gunn M J, O'Reilly M P.软粘土中浅埋隧道周围地层运动.隧道译丛,1983,10:47～53
[35]Shinichiro Imamura, Toshiyuki Hagiwara, Kenji Mito. Settlement trough above a model shield observed in a centrifuge. Centrifuge, 1998,713～719
[36]吴波.复杂条件下城市地铁隧道施工地表沉降研究[博士学位论文].成都:西南交通大学,2003
[37]李维,何川,张志强.大型地下结构下修建盾构隧道模型试验.西南交通大学学报,2005, 40(4):478～483
[38]刘涛,沈明荣,陶履彬等.连拱隧道动态施工模型试验与三维数值仿真模拟研究.岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(9):1082～1089
[39]漆泰岳,高波,马亮.富水软土地层地铁开挖地表沉降离心模型试验.西南交通大学学报, 2006, 41(2):184～188
[40]王铁生,张利平,华锡生.地铁隧道施工变形预测研究综述.水利水电科技进展,2003,23 (5): 62～65
[41]韩冬等.地铁隧道施工引起地表沉降主要影响角的分析.铁道建筑,2011
[42]刘波,陶龙光,叶圣国等.地铁隧道施工引起地层变形的反分析预测系统.中国矿业大学学报,2004,33(3):277～282
[43] Attewell P B, Yeates J, Selby A R. Movements Induced by Tunnelling and Their Effects on Pipelines and Structures. Blaxkie:Glasgow,1986.
[44]Rankin W J. Ground movement resulting from urban tunnelling: predictions and effects[A]. Proceedings of the 23rd Annual Conference of the Engineer Ground of the Geological Society Held at Nottingham University[s.l.]: Geological Society Publishing House,1988.79～92.
[45]Knothe S. Observations of surface movements under influence of mining and their theoretical interpretation. In: Proc. European Conf. on Ground Movement,1957,210～218.
[46] Attewell P B, Farmer I W. Ground deformations resulting from shield tunnelling in London Clay. Canadian Geotech, 1974,11(3):307～325.
[47] Clough G W, Schmidt B. Design and performance of excavations and tunnels in soft clay[M]. In Soft Clay Engineering, Elsevier.1981,569～634.
[48] Loganathan N, Poulos H G. Analytical prediction for tunnelling-induced ground movements in clays. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,1998,124 (9): 846～856
[49] Atkinson J H, Potts D M. Subsidence above shallow tunnels in soft ground. Journal of the geotechnical engineering division,1977,103(4): 307～325
[50] Leach G. Pipeline response to tunnelling.1985
[51]韩煊,李宁.隧道施工引起地层位移预测模型的对比分析.岩石力学与工程学报,2007, 26(3):594～600
[52]韩煊,李宁,J.R.Standing. Peck公式在我国隧道施工地面变形预测中的实用性分析.岩土力学,2007,28(1):23～28
[53]冯超.地铁隧道盾构施工引起的地表变形规律研究[硕士学位论文].西安:西安科技大学,2010
[54]刘宝琛,张家生,廖国华.随机介质理论在矿业工程中的应用.长沙:湖北科技出版社, 2004
[55]邓聚龙.灰色系统.北京:国防工业出版社,1985
[2]PECK R B. Deep excavations and tunneling in soft ground, State of the Art Report. Proe.7th Int. Conf. On soil Mechanics and Foundation, Mexico City,1969: 225～290
[3] Attewell.P.B. Engineering Contract, Site Invedtigation and Surface Movements in Tunneling Works, Soft-Ground Tunneling-Failures and Displacements, A.A.Balkema, 1985:5～12
[4] O'Reilly, M.P.New, B.M. Settlements above Tunnels in the United Kingdom-their Magnitude and Prediction. Inst of Mining & Metallurgy, 1982:173～181
[5]藤田圭一.从基础工程角度看盾构隧道掘进法.隧道译丛,1985(5):49～63
[6]Mair.R.J, Taylor.R.N, Bracegirdle.A.A. Subsurface settlement profiles above tunnels in clays. Geotechnical, 1993,43(2),315～320
[7]侯学渊,廖少明.盾构隧道沉降预估.地下工程与隧道,1993(4):24～32
[8]刘建航,侯学渊.盾构法隧道.北京:中国铁道出版社,1991
[9]Celestino.T.B, Gomes.R.A.M.P, Borlolucci.A.A. Errors in ground distortions due to settlement trough adjustment. Tunneling and Underground Space Technolgy, 2000 ,15(1): 97～100
[10] Mindlin R D. Stress distribution around a tunnel. Transactions of the ASCE, 1940:1117～1153
[11] Sagaseta C. Analysis of undrained soil deformation due to ground loss. Geotechnique, 1987,37(3):301～320
[12] Verriijt A, Booker J R. Surface Settlement due to Deformation of A Tunnel in An Elastic Half Plane. Geotechnique, 1996,46(4):753～756
[13]久武胜保.软岩隧道的非线性弹塑性状态.隧道译丛,1992(1):11～18
[14]孙均,侯学渊.地下结构.北京:科学出版社,1988
[15]张弥,潘杰梁.预测盾构隧道开挖引起的地面沉陷的专家系统.都市快轨交通,1990(3)
[16]刘建航.上海软土隧道盾构施工技术专家系统综述.地下工程与隧道,1995(2):1～8
[17]姚宣德,王梦恕.地铁浅埋暗挖法施工引起的地表沉降控制标准的统计分析.岩土力学与工程学报,2006,25(10):2030～2035
[18]Litwiniszyn J. The theories and model research of movements of ground masses. Proceedings of European Congress Ground Movement, Leeds, UK, 1957,203～209
[19]刘宝琛,廖国华.煤矿地表移动的基本规律.北京:中国工业出版社,1965
[20]刘宝琛,阳军生,张家生.露天开挖及疏水引起的地表移动及变形.煤炭学报,1999,24(1): 39～42
[21]Liu Baochen , Ground surface movements due to underground excavation in the P.R. China , in Hudson ed., Comprehensive Rock Engineering, chap.29,Volume 4, New York: Pergamon Press,1993.781～817
[22]刘宝琛.急待深入研究的地铁建设中的岩土力学课题.铁道建筑技术,2000(3): 1～3
[23]Rowe R K, Lo K Y, Kack G J. A method of estimating surface settlement above shallow tunnels in soft soil. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 1983, 20(1):11～22
[24] Rowe R K, Kack G J. A theoretical examination of the settlements induced by tunneling: four case histories. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 1983, 20(2):299～314
[25]Finno R, Clough G W. Evaluation of soil response to EPB shield tunneling. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 1985,111(2):157～173
[26]Lee K M, Rowe R K. Finite element modeling of the three dimensional ground deformations due to tunneling in soft cohesive soils. Computers and Geotechnics, 1990,2(2):87～110
[27]Youskim S A S. Nonlinear analysis of tunnels in clayey/sandy soil with a concrete lining.Engineering Structures, 2000,22:24～33
[28]刘洪洲,孙钧.软土隧道盾构推进中地面沉降影响因素的数值法研究.现代隧道技术, 2001,38(6):24～28
[29]张冬梅,黄宏伟,王箭明.盾构推进引起地面沉降的粘弹性分析.岩石力学, 2001, 22(3): 311～314
[30]李强,曾得顺.盾构千斤顶推力变化对地面变形的影响.地下空间,2002,22(1): 2～15
[31]孙钧,刘红洲.上海地铁交叠盾构隧道施工变形问题.同济大学学报,2002,30(4): 379～385
[32]刘波,叶圣国等.地铁盾构施工引起邻近基础沉降的FLAC数值模拟.煤炭科学技术, 2002,30(10):75～80
[33]马紫娟,王李管,刘红兵.土压平衡盾构双线隧道施工引起的地表沉降规律研究.石家庄铁道学院学报(自然科学版),2007,20(4):49～53
[34]Mair R J, Gunn M J, O'Reilly M P.软粘土中浅埋隧道周围地层运动.隧道译丛,1983,10:47～53
[35]Shinichiro Imamura, Toshiyuki Hagiwara, Kenji Mito. Settlement trough above a model shield observed in a centrifuge. Centrifuge, 1998,713～719
[36]吴波.复杂条件下城市地铁隧道施工地表沉降研究[博士学位论文].成都:西南交通大学,2003
[37]李维,何川,张志强.大型地下结构下修建盾构隧道模型试验.西南交通大学学报,2005, 40(4):478～483
[38]刘涛,沈明荣,陶履彬等.连拱隧道动态施工模型试验与三维数值仿真模拟研究.岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(9):1082～1089
[39]漆泰岳,高波,马亮.富水软土地层地铁开挖地表沉降离心模型试验.西南交通大学学报, 2006, 41(2):184～188
[40]王铁生,张利平,华锡生.地铁隧道施工变形预测研究综述.水利水电科技进展,2003,23 (5): 62～65
[41]韩冬等.地铁隧道施工引起地表沉降主要影响角的分析.铁道建筑,2011
[42]刘波,陶龙光,叶圣国等.地铁隧道施工引起地层变形的反分析预测系统.中国矿业大学学报,2004,33(3):277～282
[43] Attewell P B, Yeates J, Selby A R. Movements Induced by Tunnelling and Their Effects on Pipelines and Structures. Blaxkie:Glasgow,1986.
[44]Rankin W J. Ground movement resulting from urban tunnelling: predictions and effects[A]. Proceedings of the 23rd Annual Conference of the Engineer Ground of the Geological Society Held at Nottingham University[s.l.]: Geological Society Publishing House,1988.79～92.
[45]Knothe S. Observations of surface movements under influence of mining and their theoretical interpretation. In: Proc. European Conf. on Ground Movement,1957,210～218.
[46] Attewell P B, Farmer I W. Ground deformations resulting from shield tunnelling in London Clay. Canadian Geotech, 1974,11(3):307～325.
[47] Clough G W, Schmidt B. Design and performance of excavations and tunnels in soft clay[M]. In Soft Clay Engineering, Elsevier.1981,569～634.
[48] Loganathan N, Poulos H G. Analytical prediction for tunnelling-induced ground movements in clays. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,1998,124 (9): 846～856
[49] Atkinson J H, Potts D M. Subsidence above shallow tunnels in soft ground. Journal of the geotechnical engineering division,1977,103(4): 307～325
[50] Leach G. Pipeline response to tunnelling.1985
[51]韩煊,李宁.隧道施工引起地层位移预测模型的对比分析.岩石力学与工程学报,2007, 26(3):594～600
[52]韩煊,李宁,J.R.Standing. Peck公式在我国隧道施工地面变形预测中的实用性分析.岩土力学,2007,28(1):23～28
[53]冯超.地铁隧道盾构施工引起的地表变形规律研究[硕士学位论文].西安:西安科技大学,2010
[54]刘宝琛,张家生,廖国华.随机介质理论在矿业工程中的应用.长沙:湖北科技出版社, 2004
[55]邓聚龙.灰色系统.北京:国防工业出版社,1985