美国现代化进程中的公民教育研究
|
摘要
本文认为现代化是一个从传统社会向现代社会转变的过程,这一过程势必涉及到经济、政治、社会以及价值观念等领域的系统性变迁,尤其是涉及到国家制度体系和国家意识形态上的变迁。现代化的实践已经证明,国家建构是现代化的政治前提。离开了这个前提,现代化便无从下手。与现代化相伴生的现代国家具有双重特性:一是民族国家;二是民主国家。其中,现代国家的特性之维——民族国家的建构为现代化提供了必要的制度前提和强大的发展动力、以及稳定的秩序保障,现代国家的特性之维——民主国家的建构为现代化提供了合法的政治条件。民族国家指的是现代国家的组织形式,以主权为中心;民主国家指的是现代国家的制度体系,以主权在民为合法性基础,二者共同作用于现代国家建构之中。自现代化以来,由于现代国家已不再是一架纯粹的靠强力和武力决定自己的政治组织形式,而是一个人们相互交往以不断寻求相互理解和取得价值共识的动态持续的合法化构建过程。因此,在这个构建的过程中,国家建构离不开教育,尤其是离不开公民教育的形塑。因为,民族国家需要公民教育的社会整合功能以实现民族认同和国家的一体化建设,民主国家的建构则需要公民教育的民主化功能以实现民主观念的传播和公民参与的培育,进而推进国家的民主化进程。而且,公民教育的功能取向又往往因现代化进程中各国民族与民主建构特性的不同呈现出不同的表现。因此,本文认为从国家建构的维度,以国家建构为介质研究美国现代化与公民教育的关系问题就成为一个顺理成章的问题。
美国是个高度发达的现代化国家,也是一个民族国家与民主国家同步建构的国家。本文认为美国现代化的酝酿时期,既是其民族国家与民主国家同步建构的初创时期,也是公民教育被认为是形成民族特点、培养社会凝聚力、推动民主共和观念的发轫时期。现代化转变时期,是美国实现从农业社会向工业社会过渡的重要阶段,国家的秩序、稳定和一体化建设成为国家建构的主要任务。此时,公民教育的社会整合功能逐渐凸显并成为最突出的特征,公民教育被视为实现民族认同和国家统一的最有力工具。现代化成熟时期,伴随着美国城市化和工业化的快速迈进,美国公民的民主权利诉求得以上升,公民教育的民主化功能不断推进。同时,这段时间也是美国民族主义极端发展的时期,美西战争、一战、二战的接连发生使公民教育一度出现国家主义甚至军国主义的色彩。20世纪70年代以来,伴随着新保守主义的兴起,美国国家建构在注重自由和平等的同时加强了政府权威的维护,民族主义与爱国主义相互融合,相互促进。同时,为适应这一时期国家建构的需要,“积极的公民资格”应运而生,培养有知识、有思想、有责任和能参与的公民成为公民教育的奋斗目标。无论是强调公民对其所属政治社群的认同感和归属感的社群主义公民教育也好,还是倡导文化的多元性、承认文化之间的平等和相互影响的多元文化主义的公民教育也好,都相对注重了公民教育的社会整合功能和民主化功能的协调统一。
总之,从美国现代化进程中的国家建构与公民教育的关系来看,本文认为公民资格无疑成为美国现代国家建构与公民教育的关系维度,一方面公民资格体现了国家建构的内在要求,另一方面公民资格需要公民教育的形塑。而且,在现代化的进程中美国国家建构也会因不同时期现代化建设的不同要求而在其建构的两种维度——民族与民主之间表现不同的侧重。尽管在国家建构的过程中,美国始终称自己是民主立国的典范,往往忽视民族以及民族国家在其建构中的作用。然而,纵观美国现代化发展演变的历程,不难发现,从建国起其民族国家建构总体上在国家建构中具有绝对优势,而民主国家建构则具有相对优势。而且,其国家建构中两种维度的张力一直主导着公民教育的功能取向。公民教育的社会整合功能在其国家建构中具有绝对位置,而公民教育的民主化功能则在其国家建构中具有相对位置。公民教育的功能倾向往往因国家建构中两种维度的内部张力而一直受其制约和影响。
This article presents that modernization is a process of traditional society transforming into modern society, which will inevitably involve the systematical changes of the areas of economy, politics, society, and values etc., especially the change of state institution system and state ideology. It has been proved by the practice of modernization that state building is the political premise of modernization, which will be stuck without this premise. The modern state concomitant with modernization has dual features: one is nation-state and another is democratic-state. As the special features of modern state, nation-state-building has provided the modernization with the necessary institute premise, powerful dynamics for development, and guaranteed stable order; the democratic-state-building has provided the modernization with the legal politic conditions. Interacting in the modern-state-building, nation-state refers to the organizational form of modern state, which centers on sovereignty; democratic-state refers to the institution system of modern state, which is based legally on“sovereignty belongs to the people”. Since the modernization, the modern state is no longer a politic organizational form only decided by force, but is a dynamic and sustained legalization building process in which people interacts to seek mutual understanding and obtain common value. Therefore, in this process, education is indispensible to state-building, especially the shaping of citizen education. Because, nation-state needs the social integration function of citizen education for the realization of national identities and the construction of national integration; while democratic-state-building needs the democratization function of citizen education to realize the transmission of democratic idea and preparation of citizen participation, and then promote the process of state democratization. Moreover, the functional orientation of citizen education always presents differently due to the differences of the features of each nation- and democratic-building in the modernization process. Therefore, it becomes logical to study the relationship between American modernization and citizen education from the state-building dimension.
The United States is a highly developed modern state, also is a state with the synchronization of the building of nation-state and democratic-state. It is believed in this essay that the brewing period of American modernization is the beginning of synchronous building of nation-state and democratic-state, as well as the commence of the idea that citizen education is considered as shaping nation features, developing social cohesive force and promoting democratic republican. Transition period of modernization is the important phase for the United Stats to realize the transition from agricultural society to industrial society. The state order, stability and integration construction becomes the main task of state-building. Then, the social integration function of citizen education is growing to be the most prominent feature, and citizen education is considered as the most powerful approach to realize nation identities and state unity. The mature period of modernization, the demand of citizen’s democratic right was raised and the democratic function of citizen education was promoted, with the rapid urbanization and industrialization of the United States. At the same time, this period was also the extremely developed period of American nationalism. The succession wars like Spanish-American war, WWI and WWII colored the citizen education with the features of nationalism and even the militarism. Since the 1970s, with the rising of neoconservative, the state-building of the Untied States strengthened the protection of government authority besides emphasizing on the freedom and equality. The nationalism and patriotism promoted and integrated mutually. Meanwhile,“Active Citizenship”emerged to meet the needs of state-building. It became the objective of citizen education to educate citizens with knowledge, idea, responsibility, and participate ability. Either the communalism citizen education emphasizing citizen’s identities and sense of belongings to their political community, or the pluralism citizen education advocating the cultural diversity and admitting the cultural equality and interaction, both stressed relatively the harmony and unity of the social integration function and the democratization function of citizen education.
In brief, this article shows that the citizenship has undoubtedly become the relationship dimension of American modern state-building and citizen education from the relation of state-building and citizen education in the process of American modernization. On one hand, citizenship embodies the inherent requirement of state-building; on the other hand, citizenship needs the shaping of citizen education. Moreover, based on the different requirement of modernization building at different periods of modernization, the state-building would emphasize differently between its two dimensions—the nation-state and the democratic-state. Although the United States always claims itself as the model of democratic-state-building in the process of state-building, it overlooks the contribution of the nation and the nation-state in this building process. However, in view of the course of the American modernization development, nation-state-building has the absolute superiority on the whole since the establishment of the states, while the democratic-state-building has the relative superiority. Meanwhile, the tension of the two dimensions in the state-building has been leading the functional orientation of citizen education. The social integration function of citizen education takes the absolute position in the state-building while the democratization function takes the relative position. The functional tendency of citizen education has been conditioned and affected by the strain of the two dimensions in state-building.
美国是个高度发达的现代化国家,也是一个民族国家与民主国家同步建构的国家。本文认为美国现代化的酝酿时期,既是其民族国家与民主国家同步建构的初创时期,也是公民教育被认为是形成民族特点、培养社会凝聚力、推动民主共和观念的发轫时期。现代化转变时期,是美国实现从农业社会向工业社会过渡的重要阶段,国家的秩序、稳定和一体化建设成为国家建构的主要任务。此时,公民教育的社会整合功能逐渐凸显并成为最突出的特征,公民教育被视为实现民族认同和国家统一的最有力工具。现代化成熟时期,伴随着美国城市化和工业化的快速迈进,美国公民的民主权利诉求得以上升,公民教育的民主化功能不断推进。同时,这段时间也是美国民族主义极端发展的时期,美西战争、一战、二战的接连发生使公民教育一度出现国家主义甚至军国主义的色彩。20世纪70年代以来,伴随着新保守主义的兴起,美国国家建构在注重自由和平等的同时加强了政府权威的维护,民族主义与爱国主义相互融合,相互促进。同时,为适应这一时期国家建构的需要,“积极的公民资格”应运而生,培养有知识、有思想、有责任和能参与的公民成为公民教育的奋斗目标。无论是强调公民对其所属政治社群的认同感和归属感的社群主义公民教育也好,还是倡导文化的多元性、承认文化之间的平等和相互影响的多元文化主义的公民教育也好,都相对注重了公民教育的社会整合功能和民主化功能的协调统一。
总之,从美国现代化进程中的国家建构与公民教育的关系来看,本文认为公民资格无疑成为美国现代国家建构与公民教育的关系维度,一方面公民资格体现了国家建构的内在要求,另一方面公民资格需要公民教育的形塑。而且,在现代化的进程中美国国家建构也会因不同时期现代化建设的不同要求而在其建构的两种维度——民族与民主之间表现不同的侧重。尽管在国家建构的过程中,美国始终称自己是民主立国的典范,往往忽视民族以及民族国家在其建构中的作用。然而,纵观美国现代化发展演变的历程,不难发现,从建国起其民族国家建构总体上在国家建构中具有绝对优势,而民主国家建构则具有相对优势。而且,其国家建构中两种维度的张力一直主导着公民教育的功能取向。公民教育的社会整合功能在其国家建构中具有绝对位置,而公民教育的民主化功能则在其国家建构中具有相对位置。公民教育的功能倾向往往因国家建构中两种维度的内部张力而一直受其制约和影响。
This article presents that modernization is a process of traditional society transforming into modern society, which will inevitably involve the systematical changes of the areas of economy, politics, society, and values etc., especially the change of state institution system and state ideology. It has been proved by the practice of modernization that state building is the political premise of modernization, which will be stuck without this premise. The modern state concomitant with modernization has dual features: one is nation-state and another is democratic-state. As the special features of modern state, nation-state-building has provided the modernization with the necessary institute premise, powerful dynamics for development, and guaranteed stable order; the democratic-state-building has provided the modernization with the legal politic conditions. Interacting in the modern-state-building, nation-state refers to the organizational form of modern state, which centers on sovereignty; democratic-state refers to the institution system of modern state, which is based legally on“sovereignty belongs to the people”. Since the modernization, the modern state is no longer a politic organizational form only decided by force, but is a dynamic and sustained legalization building process in which people interacts to seek mutual understanding and obtain common value. Therefore, in this process, education is indispensible to state-building, especially the shaping of citizen education. Because, nation-state needs the social integration function of citizen education for the realization of national identities and the construction of national integration; while democratic-state-building needs the democratization function of citizen education to realize the transmission of democratic idea and preparation of citizen participation, and then promote the process of state democratization. Moreover, the functional orientation of citizen education always presents differently due to the differences of the features of each nation- and democratic-building in the modernization process. Therefore, it becomes logical to study the relationship between American modernization and citizen education from the state-building dimension.
The United States is a highly developed modern state, also is a state with the synchronization of the building of nation-state and democratic-state. It is believed in this essay that the brewing period of American modernization is the beginning of synchronous building of nation-state and democratic-state, as well as the commence of the idea that citizen education is considered as shaping nation features, developing social cohesive force and promoting democratic republican. Transition period of modernization is the important phase for the United Stats to realize the transition from agricultural society to industrial society. The state order, stability and integration construction becomes the main task of state-building. Then, the social integration function of citizen education is growing to be the most prominent feature, and citizen education is considered as the most powerful approach to realize nation identities and state unity. The mature period of modernization, the demand of citizen’s democratic right was raised and the democratic function of citizen education was promoted, with the rapid urbanization and industrialization of the United States. At the same time, this period was also the extremely developed period of American nationalism. The succession wars like Spanish-American war, WWI and WWII colored the citizen education with the features of nationalism and even the militarism. Since the 1970s, with the rising of neoconservative, the state-building of the Untied States strengthened the protection of government authority besides emphasizing on the freedom and equality. The nationalism and patriotism promoted and integrated mutually. Meanwhile,“Active Citizenship”emerged to meet the needs of state-building. It became the objective of citizen education to educate citizens with knowledge, idea, responsibility, and participate ability. Either the communalism citizen education emphasizing citizen’s identities and sense of belongings to their political community, or the pluralism citizen education advocating the cultural diversity and admitting the cultural equality and interaction, both stressed relatively the harmony and unity of the social integration function and the democratization function of citizen education.
In brief, this article shows that the citizenship has undoubtedly become the relationship dimension of American modern state-building and citizen education from the relation of state-building and citizen education in the process of American modernization. On one hand, citizenship embodies the inherent requirement of state-building; on the other hand, citizenship needs the shaping of citizen education. Moreover, based on the different requirement of modernization building at different periods of modernization, the state-building would emphasize differently between its two dimensions—the nation-state and the democratic-state. Although the United States always claims itself as the model of democratic-state-building in the process of state-building, it overlooks the contribution of the nation and the nation-state in this building process. However, in view of the course of the American modernization development, nation-state-building has the absolute superiority on the whole since the establishment of the states, while the democratic-state-building has the relative superiority. Meanwhile, the tension of the two dimensions in the state-building has been leading the functional orientation of citizen education. The social integration function of citizen education takes the absolute position in the state-building while the democratization function takes the relative position. The functional tendency of citizen education has been conditioned and affected by the strain of the two dimensions in state-building.
引文
[1][美]贝迪阿?纳思?瓦尔马.现代化问题探索[M].周忠德,严炬新编译.上海:知识出版社,1983.
[2]施雪华.政治现代化比较研究[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,2006.
[3]罗荣渠.现代化新论[M].北京:北京大学出版社,1993.
[4][美]西里尔?E?布莱克编.比较现代化[M].杨豫,陈祖洲译.上海:上海译文出版社,1996.
[5][美]塞缪尔?P?亨廷顿.变化社会中的政治秩序[M].王冠华,刘为等译.北京:生活?读书?新知三联书店,1989.
[6]孙立平,谢中立主编.二十世纪西方现代化理论文选[M],上海:上海三联书店,2002.
[7]罗荣渠.现代化新论――世界与中国的现代化进程[M].北京:商务印书馆,2004.
[8]苏振兴主编.拉美国家现代化进程研究[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2006
[9]李庆余,周桂银.美国现代化道路[M].北京:人民出版社,1994.
[10]洪朝辉.社会经济变迁的主题――美国现代化进程新论[M].杭州:杭州大学出版社,1994.
[11]杨会军编.列国志――美国[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2004.
[12][美]C?E?布莱克.现代化的动力[M].段小光译.成都:四川人民出版社.1988.
[13][英]米切尔?黑尧(Michael Hill).现代国家的政策过程[M].赵成根译.北京:中国青年出版社,2004.
[14]施雪华.政治现代化比较研究[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,2006.
[15]孙立平.现代化与社会转型[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2005.
[16]郑永廷.人的现代化理论与实践[M].北京:人民教育出版社,2006.
[17]王潇.全球化时代的中国公民教育[M].福州:福建教育出版社,2005.
[18]韩毅.美国工业现代化的历史进程(1607-1988)[M].北京:经济科学出版社,2007.
[19]中国现代化战略研究课题组,中国科学院中国现代化研究中心.中国现代化报告2003――现代化理论、进程与展望[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2003.
[20]中国现代化战略研究课题组,中国科学院中国现代化研究中心.中国现代化报告2004――地区现代化之路[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2004.
[21]中国现代化战略研究课题组,中国科学院中国现代化研究中心.中国现代化报告2005――经济现代化研究[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2005.
[22]中国现代化战略研究课题组,中国科学院中国现代化研究中心.中国现代化报告2006――社会现代化研究[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2006.
[23]毕道村.现代化本质[M].北京:人民教育出版社,2005.
[24]杨国荣编.现代化过程的人文向度[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,2006.
[25]衣俊卿.现代化与文化阻滞力[M].北京:人民出版社,2005.
[26]曹天予编.现代化、全球化与中国道路[M].北京:社会科学出版社,2003.
[27]于文杰.现代化进程中的人文主义[M].重庆:重庆出版社,2006
[28]北京大学世界现代化进程研究中心主编.现代化研究第一辑[M].北京:商务印书馆,2002.
[29]北京大学世界现代化进程研究中心主编.现代化研究第二辑[M].北京:商务印书馆,2003.
[30]姚蜀平.现代化与文化的变迁[M].西安:陕西科学技术出版社,1988.
[31]章友伦.美国西进运动探要[M].北京:人民教育出版社,2005.
[32]何传启.东方复兴:现代化的第三条道路[M].北京:商务印书馆,2005.
[33]漆思.现代性的命运――现代社会发展理念批判与创新[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2005
[34]张少华.美国早期现代化的两条道路之争[M].北京:北京大学出版社,1996.
[35]费孝通编.社会变迁与现代化[M].上海:上海大学出版社,2002.
[36]文军.承传与创新:现代性、全球化与社会学理论的变革[M].上海:华东师范大学出版社,2003.
[37]张博树.现代性与制度现代化[M].上海:学林出版社,1998.
[38]钱乘旦、杨豫、陈晓律.世界现代化进程[M].南京:南京大学出版社,1997年.
[39]中国美国史研究会.美国现代化历史经验[M].北京:东方出版社,1994.
[40]曾昭耀.政治稳定与现代化[M].北京:东方出版社,1996.
[41][日]塩田长英.现代美国经济论(1960-2000)[M].齐彤译.北京:中国经济出版社,2001.
[1]罗荣渠.“现代化”的历史定位与对现代世界发展的再认识[J].历史研究,1994,(03).
[2]孟庆瑞.现代化理论的研究及评价[J].理论与现代化,2003,(04).
[3]林被甸,董正华.现代化研究在中国的兴起与发展[J].历史研究,1998,(05).
[4]刘祚昌.杰斐逊与美国现代化[J].历史研究,1994,(02).
[5]李庆余.试论关于美国现代化的第三次大辩论[J].历史研究,1998,(108).
[6]刘厚俊.美国经济现代化的世纪回顾及其启示[J].南京社会科学,2000,(07).
[7]刘建芳.美国政府在早期现代化进程中的作用及影响[J].南京社会科学,2001,(06).
[8]马宁.杰斐逊与美国政治现代化[J].安徽文学,2007,(11).
[9]吴海晶.美国政治现代化若干问题探析[J].成都大学学报(社科版),2002,(01).
[10]何欣.简评《美国早期现代化的两条道路之争》[J].美国研究,2002,(02).
[11]牛可.自由国际主义与第三世界――美国现代化理论兴起的历史透视[J].美国研究,2007,(01).
[12]马崇明.国内外现代化理论评述与标准研究[J].广东经济管理干部学院学报(季刊),2002,(04).
[13]姚伟.西方现代化理论及其新趋势[J].理论与现代化,2004,(05).
[14]谢立中.现代化理论的过去与现在[J].社会科学研究,1998,(01).
[15]俞思念,陈平其.西方现代化理论的兴起与演变[J].学习与探索,2005,(06).
[16]杨丽珍.关于罗荣渠先生现代化研究的史学理论思考[D]:[硕士学位论文].北京:首都师范大学历史学系,2005.
[17]袁鹏.现代化理论:从历史的误区到现实的发展――兼评《现代化新论》[J].东北师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版),1996,(05).
[18]徐宗华.现代化概念的创新研究――哲学纬度的本真意蕴[J].社会纵横,2007,22(10).
[19]蔺焕萍.南北战争对美国政治现代化的影响[J].商洛学院学报,2006,20(04).
[1]安东尼?吉登斯.民族-国家与暴力[M].胡宗泽,赵为涛译.北京:生活?读书?新知三联书店,1998.
[2]马克斯?韦伯.民族国家与经济政策[M].甘阳,李强,文一郡等译.北京:生活?读书?新知三联书店.1997.
[3]罗伯特?W?杰克曼.不需暴力的权力[M].欧阳景根译.天津:天津人民出版社,2005.
[4][加拿大]菲利普?汉森(Phillip Hansen).,历史、政治与公民权:阿论特转[M].刘加林译.南京:江苏人民出版社,2004.
[5]钱满素.美国自由主义的历史变迁[M].北京:生活?读书?新知三联书店,2006.
[6]杨心宇编.现代国家的宪政理论研究[M].上海:上海三联书店,2004.
[7][美]梅里亚姆.美国政治思想[M].朱曾汶译.北京:商务印书馆,1984.
[8]钱乘旦编.美国的新保守主义[M].南京:江苏人民出版社,2004.
[9][美]H?S?康马杰.美国精神[M].南木,杨静予,崔妙迎等译.北京:光明日报出版社,1988.
[10][美]雅各布?尼德曼.美国理想:一部文明的历史[M].王聪译.北京:华夏出版社,2004.
[11][美]Robert Isaak.美国政治思想经典文献选读(American Political Thinking: Readings From The Origins to The 21st Century)[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2004.
[12][以色列]耶尔?塔米尔.自由主义的民族主义[M].陶东风译.上海:上海译文出版社,2005.
[13]吴春花编.当代西方自由主义[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2004.
[14][澳大利亚]菲利普?佩迪特著,共和主义:一种关于自由与政府的理论[M],江苏人民出版社,2006.
[15]于海.西方社会思想史[M].上海:复旦大学出版社,2005.
[16][英]霍布豪斯.自由主义[M].朱曾文译.北京:商务印书馆,2005
[17][美]迈克尔?丁?桑德尔.自由主义与正义的局限[M].万俊人,唐文明,张之锋等译.南京:译林出版社,2001.
[18][加拿大]威尔?金里卡.自由主义、社群与文化[M].应奇?葛水林译,上海:上海世纪出版社集团,2005.
[19][英]杰弗里?托马斯.政治哲学与导论[M].顾肃、刘雪梅译.北京:中国人民大学出版社,2006.
[20]贾英健.全球化与民族国家[M].长沙:湖南人民出版社,2003.
[21]郑文.当代美国教育问题透视[M].广州:中山大学出版社,2002.
[22][美]珍妮?H?巴兰坦.美国教育社会学[M].李舒驰,刘慧珍,杨京梅译.北京:春秋出版社,1989.
[23][美]约翰?杜威.民主主义与教育[M].王承绪译.北京:人民教育出版社,1990.
[24][美]迈克尔?帕伦蒂.美国的民主[M].韩建中,杨志荣译.郑州:河南人民出版社,1991.
[25]郭少棠.民族国家与国际秩序――西方政治现代化之路[M].北京:首都师范大学出版社,1998.
[26]王刚义,李敏著.当代民主政治分析[M].长春:吉林大学出版社,1989.
[27][法]米歇尔?克罗齐,[美]塞缪尔?P?亨廷顿.民主的危机[M].马殿军,黄素娟,邓梅译.北京:求实出版社,1989.
[28][英]埃里克?霍布斯鲍姆.民族与民族主义[M].李金梅译.上海:上海人民出版社,2000.
[29]辛世俊.公民权利意识研究[M].郑州:郑州大学出版社,2006.
[30]时延春编.公民政治素质研究[M].郑州:郑州大学出版社,2005.
[31]杨玉圣.中国人的美国观――一个历史的考察[M].上海:复旦大学出版社.1996.
[32][美]罗伯特?A?达尔.现代政治分析[M].王沪宁,陈峰等译.上海:上海译文出版社,1987.
[33][美]迈耶,伯内特,奥格登.比较政治学:变化世界中的国家和理论[M].罗飞等译.北京:华夏出版社,2001.
[34]胡启生.海洋秩序与民族国家――海洋政治地理视角中的民族国家构建分析[M].哈尔滨:黑龙江人民出版社,2003.
[35]宁骚.民族与国家――民族关系与民族政策的国际比较[M].北京:北京大学出版社,1995.
[36]徐迅.民族主义[M].北京:北京社会科学出版社,1998.
[37]王列,杨雪冬.全球化与世界[M].北京:中央编译出版社,1998.
[38]Raymond Vernon.Sovereignty at Bay:the Multinational Spread of U.S. Enterprises[M].New York:Basic Books, 1971.
[39]王希恩.民族过程与国家[M].兰州:甘肃人民出版社,1998.
[40]韦定广.全球化与世界政治发展[M].北京:中央编译出版社,2004.
[41]戴维?伊斯顿.政治生活的系统分析[M].王浦劬等译.北京:华夏出版社,1989.
[42][美]塞缪尔?P?亨廷顿.我们是谁:美国国家特性面临的挑战[M].程克雄译.北京:新华出版社,2005.
[43][法]托克维尔.论美国的民主(上下卷)[M].董果良译.北京:商务印书馆,1997.
[44]Michael Lind.The Next American Nation, The New Nationalism and the Fourth American Revolution[M]. The Free Press,New York,1995.
[45]李道揆.美国政府和美国政治(下册)[M].北京:商务印书馆,1999.
[1]徐勇.“回归国家”与现代国家的建构[J].东南学术,2006,4.
[2]徐勇.现代国家建构与土地制度变迁――写在《物权法》讨论通过之际[J].河北学刊,2007,27(2).
[3]徐勇.现代国家建构中的非均衡性和自主性分析[J].华中师范大学学报(人文社会科学版),2003,42(5).
[4]慕良泽,高秉雄.现代国家构建:多纬视角的述评[J].政治学研究,2007,1.
[5]叶本乾.现代国家构建中的均衡性分析:三维视角[J].东南学术,2006,4.
[6]樊红敏.传统中国政治结构与现代国家转型-韦伯的制度主义分析[J].求索,2006,1.
[7]张友伦.美国民主制度的形成、发展和问题[J].历史研究,1996,(02).
[8]周琪.美国对西方近代民主制的贡献:代议制民主[J].美国研究,1994,(04).
[9]张毅.美国民主政体的起源:从美国何以会有国会谈起[J].美国研究,1989,(03).
[10]魏燕.略论美国民主制度建立过程中的文化因素[J].江苏社会科学,2003,(05):74-77.
[11]谢岳.公共舆论:美国民主的社会基础[J].江苏社会科学,2002(04),123-129.
[12]谢小九.美利坚民族意识形成的历史探讨[J].淮北煤师院学报(社会科学版),1994,(02):88-94.
[13]李兰.国家民族主义:美国称霸全球的内在情结[J].高等函授学报(哲学社会科学版),2006,19(02):14-16.
[14]曹瑞臣.现代化进程中的民族主义――美国民族主义的历史轨迹[J].世界民族,2004,(03):14-22.
[1]张秀雄编.公民教育的理论与实施[M].台湾:师大书苑有限公司发行,1998年.
[2][美]孟利欧.美国公民教育[M].严菊生译.北京:商务印书馆,1937.
[3][美]沃尔特?C.帕克(Walter C. Parker).美国小学社会与公民教育[M].谢竹艳译.南京:江苏教育出版社,2006.
[4]王文岚.社会科课程中的公民教育研究[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2006.
[5]David Snedden.Civic Education Sociological Foundations and Courses[M]. New York: World Book Company, Yonkers-on-Hudson, 1922.
[6]William G.Carr.Education for World-Citizenship[M]. CALIFORNIA:STANFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS, STANFORD UNIVERSITY, 1928.
[7]Clyde B. Moore.Citizenship Through Education[M]. New York: Ameican Book Company, 1929.
[8]Charies Clinton,Peters.Objectives and Procedures in Civic Education: An Intensive Study in Curriculum Construction[M] . NEW YORK:LONGMANS,GREEN AND CO., 1930.
[9]Diemer and Mullen.Pupil Citizenship[M].New Yok:World Book Company, 1930.
[10]David Snedden. Educations for Political Citizenship:A Critical Analysis of Certain Unsolved Problems of School Education Towards Superior Memberships in Democratic Political Societies[M].NEW YORK CITY:BUREAU OF PUBLICATIONS, 1932.
[11]Bessie Louise Pierce.Citizens Organizations and Civic Training of Youth[M].New York:CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS, 1933.
[12]Charles E.Merriam.Civic Education in the United States[M].New York:CHARLES SCRIBNER’SSONS, 1934.
[13]Vernon Jones.Character and Citizenship Training in the Public School: An Experimental Study of Three Specific Methods[M].CHICAGO,ILLINOIS:The UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO PRESS, 1936.
[14]John J.Mahoney.For Us The Living: An Approach to Civic Education[M].New York: HARPER&BROTHERS,1945.
[15] Mary F. Berry.Military Neccessity and Civil Right Policy Black Citizenship and the Constitution 1861-1868[M], Washington: KENNIKAT PRESS, 1977.
[16]B.Frank Brown.Education for Responsible Citizenship:The Report of the National Task Force on Citizenship Education[M], New York: McGRAW_HILL BOOK COMPANY, 1977.
[17]James H.Kettner, The Development of American Citizenship 1608-1870[M],The University of North Carolina ress,Chapel,North Carolina,1980
[18]R.Freeman Butts.The Morality of Democratic citizenship:Goals for Civic Education in the Republic’s Third Century[M] . California:Center for Civic Education,1988.
[19]R.Freeman.Butts.The Civic Mission in Educational Reform Perspectives for the Public and the Profession [M]. Stanford University, Stanford, California:HOOVER INSTITUTION PRESS, 1989.
[20]Charles F.Bahmueller.Civitas:A Framework for Civic Education[M]. Calabasas,CA:Center for Civic Education,1991.
[21]Norman H.Nie,Jane Jumn,Kenneth Stehlik-Barry.Education and Democratic Citizenship in America[M].Chicago:The University of Chicago Press, 1996.
[22]Carlos Alberto Torres.Democracy, Education ,and multiculturalism: Dilemmas of Citizenship in a Global World[M]. New York:ROWMAN&LITTLEFILD PUBLISHERS,INC. 1998.
[23]Kenneth W.Tolo.An Assessment of We the People…Project Citizen:Promoting Citizenship in Classrooms and Communities[M].The University of Texas at Austin, USA:Office of Publication,Lyndon B.Johnson School of Public Affairs, 1998.
[24]Edited by John J Cogan and Ray Deriicott.Citizenship for the 21st Century: An International Perspective on Education[M]. 120 Pentonville Road,London N1 9JN:Kogan Page Limited, 1998.
[25]B.Edward Mcclellan.Moral Education in America Schools and the Shaping of Character for Colonial Fimes to the Present[M]. New York :Teachers College, Columbia University, 1999.
[26] Kenneth W.Tolo.The Civil Education of American Youth From State Policies to School District Practices[M]. The University of Texas at Austin, USA:Office of Publication,Lyndon B.Johnson School of Public Affairs, 1999.
[27]Richard G. Niemi and Chris Chapman.The Civic Development of 9th-Through 12th-Grade Students in the United States: 1996[M].Washington,DC:US. Department of Education ,National Center for Education Statistics. 1999.
[28]Kenneth W.Tolo.Prevention of School Violence through Civic Education Curricula:Year one of a National Demonstration Program[M]. The University of Texas at Austin, USA:Office of Publication,Lyndon B.Johnson School of Public Affairs, 2000.
[29]Peter H. Martorella,Candy.Social Studies for Elementary School Classrooms: Preparing Children to Be Global Citizens[M]. New Jersey:R..R..Donnelley&Sons Company,Upper Saddle River, 2002.
[30]Michael Williams and Graham Humphrys.Citizenship Education and Lifelong learning: Power and Place[M].New York:Nova Science Publisher,Inc., 2002.
[31]David Scott and Helen Lawson.Citizenship Education and the Curriculum[M].88 Post Road West, Westport.CT 06881, USA:Ablex Publishing, 2002.
[32]Audrey Osler and Kerry Vincent, Citizenship and the Challenge of Global Education[M]. Storke on trent,Uk and Sterling,USA:Trentham Books,2002.
[33]Walter C.Parker.Teaching Democracy: Unity and Diversity in Public Life[M]. New York:Teachers College, Columbia University, 2003.
[34]Derek Heater.A Brief History of Citizenship[M]. Washington Square,New Yok,NY 10003:NewYork University Press, 2004.
[35]Audrey Osler, Hugh Starkey.Changing citizenship Democracy and Inclusion in Education[M]. USA: Open University Press,2004.
[36]Kerry J. Kennedy.Ctizenship Education and the Modern State[M]. London?Washington, D.C.:The Falmer Press, 1997.
[37][美]S`?E?弗罗斯特.西方教育历史和哲学基础[M].吴元训等译.北京:华夏出版社,1987,378.
[38][美]Madonna M.Murphy.美国“蓝带学校”的品性教育[M].周玲等译.北京:中国轻工业出版社,2002,21.
[1]袁利平.美国学校公民教育的历史演进与实践改革[D]:[硕士学位论文].兰州:西北师范大学教育学院,2005.
[2]于海静.美国公民教育的历史沿革、现状与发展趋势[J].外国教育研究,2004,3.
[3]李景丽.今日美国大学的道德和公民教育――关于大学道德和公民教育的若干争论[J].高等教育研究, 2004,1.
[4]王红.美国公民教育的目标、内容、途径与方法综述[J].外国教育研究,2004,3.
[5]赵明玉.公民教育视阈中的美国服务学习研究[D]:[硕士学位论文].长春:东北师范大学国际与比较教育研究所,2005.
[6]曹蓉玫.美国的“公民教育”及其启示[J].南昌大学学报(人文版).2004,35(4).
[7]高峰.美国公民教育的基本内涵[J].比较教育研究,2005,5.
[8]于伟、刘冰.美国学校公民教育的基本特征[J].外国教育研究,2003,9.
[9]冯振业、刘世丽.战后美国公民教育的嬗变及启示[J].外国教育研究,2004,4.
[10]孙伟国.政治社会化取向的美国公民教育[J].外国教育研究,2007,3.
[11]曹润花.美国公民教育的现状及值得思考的问题[J].山西高等学校社会科学学报, 2007,5.
[12]张鸿燕.美国公民教育的特点及其发展趋势[J].首都师范大学学报(社会科学版), 2007,1.
[13]苏榕娜.美国公民道德教育的特点[J].教育评论, 2006,5.
[14]唐克军.美国高校道德与公民教育的成功之道[J].思想理论教育,2006,17.
[15]刘向荣.美国高校公民教育面临的挑战与对策[J].比较教育研究,2006,6.
[16]徐文.美国的学校公民教育及对我国的启示[J].前沿,2006,3.
[17]袁利平.20世纪80年代以来的美国学校公民教育:嬗变与愿景[J].内蒙古师范大学学报(教育科学版).2006,1.
[18]李曼丽.今日美国大学的道德和公民教育——课程与教学[J].高等教育研究, 2004,2.
[19]李曼丽.今日美国大学的道德和公民教育——关于大学道德和公民教育的若干争论[J].高等教育研究, 2004,1.
[20]王红.美国公民教育的目标、内容、途径与方法综述[J].外国教育研究, 2004,3.
[21]于伟.美国学校公民教育的基本特征[J].外国教育研究,2003,9.
[22]林群.美国公民道德教育的现实思考[J].沈阳师范学院学报(社会科学版), 2002,3.
[23]郑航.美国社会文化变迁与中小学公民教育[J].外国中小学教育, 2001,2.
[24]高峰.美国人公民意识的演进[J].首都师范大学学报(社会科学版),1999,(03). [25John J.Chiodo and Leisa A.Martin.What do Students Have to Say About Citizenship? An Analysis of the Concept of Citizenship Among Secondary Education students[J].Journal of Social studies Research, 2005, 29(1): 23-31.
[26]Butts, R.Freeman and Others. History of Citizen Education Colloquim Papers[C].Philadelphia,Pennsylvania:Research for Better Schools,Inc,April 19-20,1978. Document Resume.
[27]Butts R.freeman.Education for Civitas: The Lessons Americans Must Learn[J]. ERIC,1997.
[28]Walter C. Parker.Educating Democractic Citizens: A Broad View[J].Theory into Practice, 2001, 40(1).
[29]Quigley,Charles N.; Branson, Margaret S,; Craig, Elaine. Issues Concerning a National Assessment of Civics[G]. National Asseement of Educational Progress(NAEP), Cernter for Civic Educatiion, 1995-05-00. Document Resume.
[30]Patrick John J..The Concept of Citizenship in Education for Democracy[J].Eric Digest,1999.
[31]Quigley,Charles N.. Civitas an International Civic Education Exchange Program[J]. Internatioanl Journal of Social Education,1997,12(2):11-26.
[32]Quigley,Charles N.. Response to Findings of the NAEP 1998 Civics Report Card to the Nation[G].Center for Civic Education, 1999-11-11. Document Resume.
[33]Butts, R. Freeman. The revial of Civic Learning Requires a Prescribed Curriculum[J].Liberal Education, 1982,68(4).
[34] Butts, R. Freeman. The revial of Civic Learning: A rationale for the Education of Citizens[J].Social Education, 1979-05.
[35]Butts, R. Freeman. Curriculum for the Educated Citizen[G].the Fourth General Session of the ASCD Annual Conference in Atlanta, 1980. Document Resume.
[36]John J. Cogan. Citizenship Theory Bibliography: A Publication of the Citizenship Education Policy Study[G],1996. Document Resume.
[37]Patrick, John J..Civil society in Democracy’s Third Wave: Implications for Civic education[G]. ED406 297, Sep 96,Documment Resume.
[38]Patrick, John J., Education for Civic Engagement in Democracy: service Learning and other Promising Practices[J]. ERIC Clearinghouse for social studies,2000-00-00.
[39]Patrick, John J., Improving Civic Education in Schools[J]. ERIC Dgest, ERIC Clearinghouse for Social Studies, 2000-10-00
[40]I. Davis & M.Evans. Encouraging Active Citizenship[J].Educational Review,2002,54(1).
[41]王淑芹,王爱霞.美国中小学公民教育课程透析[J].教育实践与研究(小学版).2005,Z1期.
[42]Patrick,John J.Ten Trens in Education for Democracy in America[G].Document Resume.ERIC,2002-12-09,1-5.
[43]李治德.论公民教育内容德理论框架[J].教育学(人大复印资料),2005,(09).
①[美]约翰?杜威.民主主义与教育[M].王承绪译.北京:人民教育出版社,1990,92.
②[美]Madonna M.Murphy.美国“蓝带学校”的品性教育[M].周玲等译.北京:中国轻工业出版社,2002,21.
①钱乘旦、杨豫、陈晓律.世界现代化进程[M].南京:南京大学出版社,1997,“代序”,5.
②罗荣渠.现代化新论[M].北京:北京大学出版社,1993,序言,2-3.
③[美]西里尔?E?布莱克编.比较现代化[M].杨豫,陈祖洲译.上海:上海译文出版社,1996,“译者前言”,7.
①施雪华.政治现代化比较研究[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,2006,1.
②洪朝辉.社会经济变迁的主题――美国现代化进程新论[M].杭州:杭州大学出版社,1994,导言,1.
③李庆余,周桂银.美国现代化道路[M].北京:人民出版社,1994,前言.
①韩毅.美国工业现代化的历史进程(1607-1988)[M].北京:经济科学出版社,2007,7.
①杨玉圣.中国人的美国观――一个历史的考察[M].上海:复旦大学出版社.1996,288.
①张少华.美国早期现代化的两条道路之争[M].北京:北京大学出版社,1996,38.
②安东尼?吉登斯.民族-国家与暴力[M].胡宗泽,赵为涛译.北京:生活?读书?新知三联书店,1998,20.
③王列,杨雪冬.全球化与世界[M].北京:中央编译出版社,1998,123.
④胡启生.海洋秩序与民族国家――海洋政治地理视角中的民族国家构建分析[M].哈尔滨:黑龙江人民出版社,2003,序言,2.
①[法]托克维尔.论美国的民主(上下卷)[M].董果良译.北京:商务印书馆,1997,译者前言iv.
①同上, 61.
②同上, 320.
③同上, 358.
④[美]迈克尔?帕伦蒂.美国的民主[M].韩建中,杨志荣译.郑州:河南人民出版社,1991,3.
①[美]塞缪尔?P?亨廷顿.我们是谁:美国国家特性面临的挑战[M].程克雄译.北京:新华出版社,2005,90-91.
②[法]米歇尔?克罗齐,[美]塞缪尔?P?亨廷顿.民主的危机[M].马殿军,黄素娟,邓梅译.北京:求实出版社,1989,58-97.
③[美]约翰?杜威.民主主义与教育[M].王承绪译.北京:人民教育出版社,1990,92.
①张毅.美国民主政体的起源:从美国何以会有国会谈起[J].美国研究,1989,(03):43-47.
②周琪.美国对西方近代民主制的贡献:代议制民主[J].美国研究,1994,(04):23-27.
③张友伦.美国民主制度的形成、发展和问题[J].历史研究,1996,(02):22-28.
④魏燕.略论美国民主制度建立过程中的文化因素[J].江苏社会科学,2003,(05):74-77.
⑤谢岳.公共舆论:美国民主的社会基础[J].江苏社会科学,2002(04),123-129.
①曹瑞臣.现代化进程中的民族主义――美国民族主义的历史轨迹[J].世界民族,2004,(03):14-22.
②李兰.国家民族主义:美国称霸全球的内在情结[J].高等函授学报(哲学社会科学版),2006,19(02):14-16.
①Cogan and Derricott, Citizenship for the 21st Century: an International Perspective on Education[M].120 Pentonville Road,London N1 9JN:Kogan Page Limited,1998,12.
②[美]沃尔特?C.帕克(Walter C. Parker).美国小学社会与公民教育[M].谢竹艳译.南京:江苏教育出版社,2006, 4.
①同上,序ii
②同上,63
③John.J.Patrick J.Ten Trens in Education for Democracy in America[G].Document Resume.ERIC,2002-12-09,1-5.
④张秀雄编.公民教育的理论与实施[M].台湾:师大书苑有限公司发行,1998年,89.
①Richard G. Niemi and Chris Chpman,The Civic development of 9th-Through 12-Grade students in the United States:1996[M]. Washington,DC:US. Department of Education ,National Center for Education Statistics,1999,12.
②Patrick John J..The Concept of Citizenship in Education for Democracy[J].Eric Digest,1999,(06):22-27.
①罗荣渠.现代化新论[M].北京:北京大学出版社,1993,16-17.
②文军.传承与创新:现代性、全球化与社会学理论的变革[M].上海:华东师范大学出版社,2004,30.
③文军.传承与创新:现代性、全球化与社会学理论的变革[M].上海:华东师范大学出版社,2004,37.
①徐勇.现代国家建构中的非均衡性和自主性分析[J].华中师范大学学报(人文社会科学版),2003,42(05):97-103.
②赵明玉,饶从满.现代化进程中的国家建构与公民教育[J].比较教育研究, 2008,(05):1-5.
③Marshall, T.H. and Bottonmore, T. Citizenship and Social Class[M]. London and Concord, MA: Pluto Press, 1992,24.
④Marshall, T.H. and Bottonmore, T. Citizenship and Social Class[M]. London and Concord, MA: Pluto Press, 1992,24.
⑤赵明玉,饶从满.现代化进程中的国家建构与公民教育[J].比较教育研究, 2008,(05):1-5.
⑥托马斯?雅诺斯基.公民与公民社会[M].沈阳:辽宁教育出版社,2002,293-294.
①McLaughlin, T. H.. Citizenship,Diversity and Education: A Philosophical Perspective[J]. Journal of Moral Education,1992, 21(03):28-34.
②托马斯?雅诺斯基.公民与公民社会[M].柯雄译.沈阳:辽宁教育出版社,2000,214-265.
①Conceptual Framework for an Analysis of Citizenship in the Liberal Democracies[EB/OL].http://canada.metropolis.net/research-policy/cern-pub/relatedstudies/Name-me2.pdf, 2007-09-18.
①饶从满,陈以藏.全球化与公民教育:挑战与回应[J].外国教育研究,2006,(01):45-51.
②徐勇.“回归国家”与现代国家的建构[J].东南学术,2006,(04):18-27.
③徐勇.现代国家建构中的非均衡性和自主性分析[J].华中师范大学学报(人文社会科学版),2003,42(05):97-103.
①徐勇.“回归国家”与现代国家的建构[J].东南学术,2006,(04):18-27.
②[英]安东尼·吉登斯.民族国家与暴力[M].北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店,1998,141-147.
③徐勇.“回归国家”与现代国家的建构[J].东南学术,2006,(04):18-27.
④马克思恩格斯选集(第1卷)[M].北京:人民出版社,1995,274-276.
⑤斯大林.斯大林选集(上卷)[M].北京:人民出版社,1995,64.
①[英]安迪?格林.教育、全球化与民族国家[M].北京:教育科学出版社,2004.144-145.
①埃利亚斯.文明的进程(II)[M].北京:三联书店,1999,129.
②John A. Hall & C. John Ikenberry. The State[M]. University of Minnesota Press,1989,1-2.
③[美]艾恺.世界范围内的反现代化思潮[M].贵阳:贵州人民出版社,1991,18-29.
④孙立平.社会现代化[M].北京:华夏出版社.1988,191.
①安东尼?吉登斯.民族-国家与暴力[M].胡宗泽,赵为涛译.北京:生活?读书?新知三联书店,1998,20.
①Levin M. The spectre of democracy[M]. Macmillan Acdemic and Professional Ltd. 1992,34-35.
②David Potter,ed. Democratization[M]. New York: Polity Press,1997,6.
③中国百科全书(政治学)[M].北京:中国大百科全书出版社,1996,251.
④张琢,马福云.发展社会学[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2001,1.
①Danicl Lerner. The Passing of Traditional Society[M]. Glencoe: Free Press, 1958, 438.
②张铭,侯焕春.合法性证明与后现代政治哲学[J].学海,2002(03):106-110.
③[美]塞缪尔·P·亨廷顿.变动社会的政治秩序[M].张岱云等译.上海:上海译文出版社,1989,出版说明, 3.
④[美]塞缪尔·P·亨廷顿.变动社会的政治秩序[M].张岱云等译.上海:上海译文出版社,1989,出版说明, 2.
⑤徐勇.“回归国家”与现代国家的建构[J].东南学术,2006(04):18-27.
①[美]约翰·罗尔斯.政治自由主义[M].万俊人译.南京:译林出版社,2000,217-218.
②[美]加布里埃尔·A·阿尔蒙德,西德尼·维伯.公民文化——五个国家的政治态度和民主制[M].徐湘林译.北京:华夏出版社,1989,267.
③塞缪尔·亨廷顿.变化社会中的秩序[M].张岱云等译.上海:上海译文出版社,1989,7.
④J. A. K. Thomson. The Ethics of Aristotle[M]. Harmandsworth: Penguin, 1955, IX.6.
①刘军宁.民主与民主化[M].北京:商务印书馆,1999,311-312.
②徐迅.民族主义[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2005,40.
③[英]安东尼·吉登斯.民族—国家与暴力[M].胡宗泽译.北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店,1998,147.
④徐勇.现代国家建构与土地制度变迁[J].河北学刊,2007,27(02),58-63.
⑤[美]科恩.论民主[M].聂崇信,朱秀贤译.北京:商务印书馆,1988,44.
⑥[美]科恩.论民主[M].聂崇信,朱秀贤译.北京:商务印书馆,1988,46.
①[美]科恩.论民主[M].北京:商务印书馆,1988,289.
②埃里克·霍布斯鲍姆.民族与民族主义[M].李金梅译.上海人民出版社,2006,82.
③[法]托克维尔.论美国的民主(上卷)[M].董果良译.北京:商务印书馆,1997,268-271.
①西奥多·A·库隆比斯,詹姆斯·H·沃尔夫.国际关系导论:强权与公理[M].刘东译.北京:北京大学出版社,1982,16.
②[英]安东尼·吉登斯.民族—国家与暴力[M].胡宗泽译.北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店,1998,262.
①[美]杜赞奇.文化、权力与国家[M].王福明译.南京:江苏人民出版社,2004,2.
②王文岚.社会科课程中的公民教育研究[D]. [博士学位论文].兰州:西北师大. 2004.
①成有信.公民?公民素养?公民教育[J].北京师范大学学报(社科版),1996,(05):76-79.
②王文岚.社会科课程中的公民教育研究[D]. [博士学位论文].兰州:西北师大. 2004.
③蓝维,高峰,吕秋芳.公民教育:理论、历史与实践探索[M].北京:人民出版社,2007, 86.
④法学词典(修订版)[M].上海:上海辞书出版社,1984,142.
⑤袁立平.美国学校公民教育的历史演进与实践改革[D]:[硕士学位论文].兰州:西北师大,2005.
⑥刘德建.公民教育——中国当代教育的转型[D]:[硕士学位论文].开封:河南大学,2003.
①袁立平.美国学校公民教育的历史演进与实践改革[D]:[硕士学位论文].兰州:西北师大,2005.
②蓝维,高峰,吕秋芳.公民教育:理论、历史与实践探索[M].北京:人民出版社,2007, 32.
③Richard Gross E, Thomas Dynneson L. Social Science Perspectives on Citizenship Education[M]. New York: Teachers College Press,1991.6.引自王文岚.社会科课程中的公民教育研究[D]. [博士学位论文].兰州:西北师大. 2004.
④张秀雄.公民教育的理论与实践[M].台北:台北师大书苑公司,1986,6.
⑤David Kerr. Citizenship: Local, National and International[C]. London: Routledge Falmer, 2003, 7.
①袁立平.美国学校公民教育的历史演进与实践改革[D]:[硕士学位论文].兰州:西北师大,2005.
②MacLaughlin, T.H.. Citizenship,Diversity and Education: A Philosophical Perspective[J]. Journal of Moral Educaton. 1992, 21(03):235-250.
③David Kerr. Citizenship Education: an International Comparison[EBOL]. http://www.inca.org.uk/pdf/citizenship_no_intro.pdf,2007-04-04
④David Kerr. Citizenship Education: an International Comparison[EBOL]. ttp://www.inca.org.uk/pdf/citizenship_no_intro.pdf,2007-04-04.
①布莱克维尔政治学百科全书[M].北京:中国大学出版社,1992,490.
②[美]艾恺.世界范围内的反现代化思潮[M].贵阳:贵州人民出版社,1991,17-20.
③Anthony D. Smith. National Identity[M]. Las Vegas: University of Nevada Press,1991,141.
①[美]本尼迪科特?安德森.想象的共同体:民族主义的起源与散步[M].吴叡人译.上海:上海世纪出版集团,2003,6.
②赵海立.政治合法性理论及其分析架构[J].厦门大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2004,(05),42-48.
③[美]塞缪尔?亨廷顿.我们是谁?——美国国家特性面临的挑战[M].北京:新华出版社,2005,90.
①Alfred Marshall. Citizenship and Social Class[M]. Chicago: University of Chicago Press,1950,84.
②赵明玉.法国公民教育述评[J].外国教育研究,2004,(06):11-14.
③R.Freeman Butts. The Revival of Civic Learning: A Rationale for Citizenship Education in American Schools[M]. Bloomington IND: Phi Delta Kappa Educational Foundation,1980,54.
④蓝维,高峰,吕秋芳等.公民教育:理论、历史与实践探索[M].北京:人民出版社,2007,202.
⑤冯增俊.亚洲“四小龙”学校道德教育研究[M].福州:福建教育出版社,1998,233.
⑥E.J.Hobsbawn. The Age of Capital[M]. London: Random House Inc ,1977:120.
①Callan, Eamonn. Beyond Sentimental Civic Education[J].American Journal of Education,1994(102):190-221.
②[加拿大]威尔?金里卡.少数的权利―民族主义、多元文化主义和公民[M].邓红风译.上海:上海译文出版社,2005, 346.
①迈克尔?罗斯金.政治科学[M].林震译.北京:华夏出版社, 2001, 143.
②蓝瑛波.俄罗斯的爱国主义教育[J].中国青年研究,2006(06):86-87.
③Barber,Benjamin. Strong Democracy[M]. Berkeley:University of California Press, 1984,117.
①托克维尔.论美国的民主[M].董果良译.北京:商务印书馆,1988,357.
②罗伯特?达尔.论民主[M].北京:商务印书馆,1999,165.
③科恩.论民主[M].聂崇信,朱秀贤译.北京:商务印书馆,1988,10.
④科恩.论民主[M].聂崇信,朱秀贤译.北京:商务印书馆,1988,12-27.
①[美]约翰?罗尔斯.政治自由主义[M].万俊人译.南京:译林出版社,2000,217-218.
②[美]加布里埃尔?A?阿尔蒙德,西德尼?维伯.公民文化——五个国家的政治态度和民主制[M].徐湘林译.北京:华夏出版社,1989,550.
①Jan Steutel and Ben Spiecker. The Aims of Civic Education in a Multicultural Democracy(A). Mal Leicester, Celia Modgil and Sohan Modgil(ed): Politics, Education and Citizenship(C). Falmer Press, 2000, 245-248.
②柏拉图.理想国[M].北京:商务印书馆,1986,138.
③亚里士多德.政治学[M].北京:商务印书馆,1965,7.
④克洛德?德尔马.欧洲文明[M].上海:上海人民出版社,1988,275.
⑤乔治?凯兴斯泰纳.凯兴斯泰纳教育论著选[M].北京:人民出版社, 1993, 213.
⑥J. Orville Taylor. The District School[M]. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1835, 24.
⑦赵明玉.法国公民教育述评[J].外国教育研究, 2004,(06): 11-14.
①蓝维,高峰,吕秋芳.公民教育:理论、历史与实践探索[M].北京:人民出版社, 2007,97-98.
②[英]帕特丽夏?怀特.公民品德与公共政策[M].朱红文译.北京:教育科学出版社, 1998, 18-19.
③张秀雄.公民教育的理论与实践[M].台湾:台北师大书苑, 1998, 92.
④Dalton,R.J. Citizen Politics in Western Democracies[M]. Public Opinion and Political Parties in the United States, Great Britain,Germany, and France, Chatham, New Jersey:Chatham House Pubilshers, Inc. 1998, 1.
⑤巴巴利特.公民资格[M].谈谷铮译.台北市:桂冠, 1991, 2.
⑥Veldhuis, Ruud. Education for Democratic Citizenship: Dimensions of Citizenship, Core Competencies, Variables, and International Activities.Strasburg, 25 November 1997, DECS/CIT(97)23.
①弗兰克·B·布朗(Frank B. Brown).美国的公民教育[M].陈光辉译.中国台北:东大图书公司, 1988, 9.
②汪凌.法国普通高中公民教育课程[J].全球教育展望, 2001(07): 54-59.
③[美]加布里埃尔?A.阿尔蒙德,西德尼?维伯.公民文化——五个国家的政治态度和民主制[M].徐湘林译.华夏出版社, 1989, 497-517.
④Kerry J Kennedy, Edited. Citizenship Education and the Modern State[M]. New York:The Falmer Pess,1977,139-146.
⑤Richard Pratte. The Civic Imperative: Examining the Need for Civic Education[M]. New York: Teachers College, Columbia University, 1998,49.
⑥Report of the Task Force on Civic Education: The Second Annual White House Conference on Character Building for a Democractic, Civic Society[R].1995,3.
①吕达,周满生.当代外国教育改革著名文献(美国卷?第一册)[M].北京:人民教育出版社, 2004, 15.
②DfES/QCA(1999). The National Curriculum for England[EB/OL].http://curriculum.qca.org.uk/uploads/Aims_of_the_curriculum_tcm8-1812.pdf?return=/key-stages-3-and-4/aims/index.aspx.pdf. 2008-05-2.
③[美]科尔伯格.道德教育的哲学[M].杭州:浙江教育出版社, 2003, 203.
④Meyers, Susan. Service Learning In Alternative Education Settings. Clearing House, Nov/Dec99, Vol. 73 Issue2:114-117.
⑤Qualifications and Curriculum Authority. Education for Citizenship and the Teaching of Democracy in Schools[EB/OL].http://www.qca.org.uk/downloads/6123_crick_report_1998.pdf, 2007-6-21.7-8.
⑥North Tyneside TIPD Study Visit: Citizenship education [EB/OL]. http://www.norham.n-tyneside.sch.uk/citizen/photo.htm.
①饶从满.主动公民教育:国际公民教育发展的新走向[J].比较教育研究, 2006(07): 1-5.
②Ichilov,O.(ed.).Citizenship and Citizenship Education in a Changing World[M]. London and Portland, OR: Woburn Press,1998,80.
③秦树理.国外公民教育概览[M].郑州:郑州大学出版社,2005,34-38.
④秦树理.国外公民教育概览[M].郑州:郑州大学出版社,2005,52-55.
⑤郜影.浅析美国实施公民教育的主要途径[J].科技信息(学术研究),2007,(19):145-149.
①郭少棠.民族国家与国家秩序——西方政治现代化之路[M].北京:首都师范大学出版社,1998,27.
②严维明.比较美国学[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,1999,55.
③马克思恩格斯选集(第3卷).北京:人民出版社,1995,524.
④亚里士多德.政治学[M].吴寿彭译.北京:商务印书馆,1981,113.
⑤让—皮埃尔?威尔南.希腊思想的起源[M].北京:生活?读书?新知三联书店,1996,37.
⑥希罗多德.历史(第三卷)[M].北京:商务印书馆,1959,80.
①亚里士多德.政治学[M].吴寿彭译.北京:商务印书馆,1981,189.
②亚里士多德.政治学[M].北京:商务印书馆,1986,362-364.
③[古希腊]修昔底德.伯罗奔尼撒战争史[M].北京:商务印书馆,1995,130.
①李灿.西方混合政体思想的演变[EB/OL]. http://lican8341.blog.163.com/blog/static/96561527201019101925754.html,2010-04-20.
②西塞罗(Cicero).论共和国(The Republic)[M].王焕生译.上海:上海人民出版社,75.
③[古罗马]西塞罗.论共和国,论法律[M].王焕生译.北京:中国政法大学出版社, 1997, 270.
④[美]C?H?麦基文.宪政古今[M].翟小波译.贵阳:贵州人民出版社, 2004, 30.
①Battenhouse. R.W. A Companion to the Study of St. Augustine[M]. New York: Oxford University Press, 1956,4.
②奥古斯丁.上帝之城[M].台湾:台北辅仁大学出版社,1985,366.
③奥古斯丁.上帝之城[M].台湾:台北辅仁大学出版社,1985,518.
④奥古斯丁.上帝之城[M].台湾:台北辅仁大学出版社,1985,192.
⑤[美]劳伦斯A?克雷明.美国教育史(一)[M].周玉军,苑龙,陈少英译.北京:北京师范大学出版社, 2002, 12.
⑥[法]托克维尔.论美国的民主(上卷)[M].董果良译.北京:商务印书馆,1997,342.
①霍布斯.利维坦[M].黎思复,黎廷弼译.北京:商务印书馆,1995,133.
②霍布斯.利维坦[M].黎思复,黎廷弼译.北京:商务印书馆,1995,140.
③霍布斯.利维坦[M].黎思复,黎廷弼译.北京:商务印书馆,1995,263-264.
①[美]汉密尔顿,杰伊,麦迪逊.联邦党人文集[M].程逢如、舒逊译.北京:商务印书馆,1995,3.
②John Locke. Two Treatises of Government-Cambridge Texts in the History of Political Thought (影印本) [M].北京:中国政法大学出版社,2003. 269.
③洛克.政府论(下)[M].北京:商务印书馆,1981,136.
①[英]约翰?洛克.政府论两篇[M].赵伯英译.西安:陕西人民出版社,2004,180.
②[澳]维拉曼特.法律导引[M].上海:上海人民出版社,2003,106.
③Edward Dumbauld,ed.. The Political Writings of Thomas Jefferson[M]. New York: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, 1955, 8.
④[美]阿兰?S?罗森鲍姆.宪政的哲学之维[M].郑戈,刘茂林译.北京:三联书店,2001,12.
①孟德斯鸠.论法的精神[M].北京:商务印书馆,1982,156.
②[美]汤普森.宪法的政治理论[M].张志铭译.北京:三联书店,1997,44.
③[美]汉密尔顿.联邦党人文集[M].北京:商务印书馆,1980,246.
④[美]汤普森.宪法的政治理论[M].张志铭译.北京:三联书店,1997,56-57.
⑤纪录片《大国崛起》解说词[EB/OL]. http://www.chinaelections.org/NewsInfo.asp?NewsID=99265, 2006-12-01.
①Perry Miller and Thomas H. John. The Puritans, A Sourcebook of Their Writing (Vol.1) [M]. New York: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, 1963,1.
②[美]萨克凡?伯克维奇.惯于赞同——美国象征建构的转化[M].上海:上海疑问出版社,2006,1-2.
③[美]梅里亚姆.美国政治学说史[M].朱曾汶译.北京:商务印书馆,1988,3.
④David M. Kennedy & Thmoas A. Bailey. The American Pageant[M]. D.C.: Health Press, 1986, 45-46.
①朱世达.当代美国文化[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社, 2001, 7.
②Michael Howard. War and the Nation-state[J]. Daedalus, 108(Fall 1979): 102-108.
③宁骚.民族与国家[M].北京:北京大学出版社, 1995, 489.
④Robert Doutht Meade & Patrick Henry. Patriot in the Making[M]. Philiadephia: Routledge Falmer, 1957,375.
⑤杨生茂,陆镜生.美国史新编[M].北京:北京人民大学出版社,1995,101.
①J. Hector St. John de Crèvecoeur. Letters from an American Farmer and Sketches of 18th-Century America[M]. New York: Penguin, 1981,68-70.
②基思?W.奥尔森.美国史纲[M].纽约,1982,46.
③[美]文森特?奥斯特罗姆.美国联邦主义[M].王建勋.上海:上海三联书店,2003,4-5.
④罗荣渠.美洲史论[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,1997,257.
⑤何宁生,支振锋.联邦党人文集导读[M].成都:四川教育出版社,2002,100.
⑥西德尼?法因.美国的往事[M].纽约:麦克米伦出版公司, 1961, 160.
①华盛顿?欧文.华盛顿传[M].北京:新华出版社,1984,676-678.
②西德尼?法因.美国的往事[M].纽约:麦克米伦出版公司,1961,161.
③吉尔贝?希纳尔.杰斐逊评传[M].北京:中国社会出版社,1987,181.
④Jack N. Nakove. Original Meanings: Politics and Ideas in the Making of the Constitution[M]. New York : Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., 1996, 34.
⑤刘祚昌.杰斐逊[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社, 1996,385.
⑥王希.原则与妥协:美国宪法的精神与实践[M].北京:北京大学出版社, 2000, 81.
①路易斯?哈茨.美国的自由主义传统[M].张敏谦译.北京:中国社会科学出版社,2003,3.
②John Tucker. An Election Sermon [J]. American Political Writing during the Founding Era, 1990,Vol.I: 59-66.
③Downer. A Discouse at the Dedication of the Tree of Liberty[J]. American Political Writing during the Founding Era, 1990,Vol.I: 99-107.
④Edmund Burke. On Conciliation with America[J]. The Annals of America, 1992, Vol.I: 314-320.
①李剑鸣.英国的殖民地政策与北美独立运动的兴起[J].历史研究, 2002,(01):163-174.
②David M. Kennedy & Thmoas A. Bailey. The American Pageant[M]. D.C. Health Press,1986, 45-46.
③纪录片《大国崛起》解说词[EB/OL]. http://www.chinaelections.org/NewsInfo.asp?NewsID=99265, 2006-12-01.
④李剑鸣.英国的殖民地政策与北美独立运动的兴起[J].历史研究, 2002, (01): 163-174.
⑤李剑鸣.英国的殖民地政策与北美独立运动的兴起[J].历史研究, 2002, (01): 163-174.
①E?E?爱德华滋.美国农业——第一个300年(American Agriculture--the First 300 years)[M].华盛顿:健康出版社, 1941, 179.
②塞缪尔?埃利奥特?莫里森.美利坚共和国的成长[M].天津:天津人民出版社,1980,55.
③刘国平.美国民主制度输出[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2006,26-27.
①张友伦等.美国通史?美国的独立和初步繁荣[M].北京:人民出版社,2002,20-40.
②张友伦等.美国通史?美国的独立和初步繁荣[M].北京:人民出版社,2002,16.
③张友伦.美国民主制度的形成、发展和问题[J].历史研究,1996,(02):118-132.
①David Callahan. Between Two Worlds: Realism, Idealism and American Foreign Policy after the Cold War[M]. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1998, 18.
②James H. Kettner. The Development of American Citizenship, 1608-1870[M]. Chapel Hill, North Carolina:The University of North Carolina Press,1980,3.
①James H. Kettner. The Development of American Citizenship, 1608-1870[M]. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1978,220.
①James H. Kettner. The Development of American Citizenship, 1608-1870[M]. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1978,224.
②Kirk H. Porter. A History of Suffrage in the United States[M]. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1918, 112-134.
③James H. Kettner. The Development of American Citizenship, 1608-1870[M]. Chapel Hill, North Carolina:The University of North Carolina Press,1980,10.
①马克思恩格斯全集[M].北京:人民出版社,1986,249.
②Milton R Friedman. Free to Choose[M]. New York: Health Press,1979, Preface,15.
③Richard M Battistoni. Public Schooling and the Education of Democratic Citizens[M]. the University Press of Mississippi,1985.38.
④洛克.人类理解论[M].关文运译.北京:商务印书馆,1959,208.
①洛克.政府论(下册)[M].叶启芳,瞿菊农译.北京:商务印书馆,1964,36.
②洛克.人类理解论[M].关文运译.北京:商务印书馆,1959,248.
③洛克.政府论[M].叶启芳,瞿菊农译.北京:商务印书馆,1964,36.
④Derek Heater. A History of Education for Citizenship[M]. London and New York: RoutledgeFalmer, 2004, 31.
⑤刘达志.论洛克自由主义政治伦理思想[D]:[硕士学位论文].南昌:南昌大学人文学院, 2006.
⑥Richard M Battistoni. Public Schooling and the Education of Democratic Citizens[M]. Ridgewood: the University Press of Mississippi,1985.37.
①Edited by James L. Axtell. The Education Writings of John Locke[M]. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press,1968,321-325
②Richard M Battistoni. Public Schooling and the Education of Democratic Citizens[M]. Ridgewood: the University Press of Mississippi,1985.34.
③Richard M Battistoni. Public Schooling and the Education of Democratic Citizens[M]. Ridgewood: the University Press of Mississippi,1985.36.
④Richard M Battistoni. Public Schooling and the Education of Democratic Citizens[M]. Ridgewood: the University Press of Mississippi,1985.38.
⑤[美]劳伦斯A.克雷明.美国教育史——殖民地时期的历程(1607-1783)[M].周玉军,苑龙,陈少英译.北京:北京师范大学出版社,2003,338.
①C?R?Fay. Adam Smith and The Scotland of His Day[M]. Cambridge: The Cambridge University Press,1956,113.
②亚当?斯密.国民财富的性质和原因的研究(下册)[M].郭大力,王亚南译.北京:商务印书馆,2003,344-345.
③斯密.国民财富的性质和原因的研究(上卷)[M].西安:陕西人民出版社,2004,128.
④[美]乔纳森?B?怀特.拯救亚当?斯密[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2004,72.
⑤启良.西方自由主义传统——西方反自由主义至新自由主义学说追索[M].广州:广东人民出版社,2003.192.
⑥[美]乔纳森?B?怀特.拯救亚当?斯密[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2004,60.
①斯密.道德情操论[M].北京:商务印书馆,1997,163.
②斯密.道德情操论[M].北京:商务印书馆,1997,5.
③亚当?斯密.道德情操论[M].蒋自强,钦北愚译.北京:商务印书馆,1998,286.
④亚当?斯密.道德情操论[M].蒋自强,钦北愚译.北京:商务印书馆,1998,112-113.
⑤Schlesinger, Arthermeior. The cycle of American History[M]. Boston: RoutledgeFalmer,1986,221.
⑥蓝维,高峰,吕秋芳等.公民教育:理论、历史与实践探索[M].北京:人民出版社,2007,124-125.
⑦Pratte, Richard. The Civic Imperative: Examining the Need for Civic Education[M]. New Yok: Teachers Collegy Press,1988.
①[法]孟德斯鸠.论法的精神(上册)[M].北京:商务印书馆,1997,34.
②华盛顿选集[M].北京:商务印书馆,1980,18.
③孟德斯鸠.论法的精神(上册)[M].北京:商务印书馆,1978,154.
④孟德斯鸠.论法的精神(上册)[M].北京:商务印书馆,1978,154.
①宁骚.民族与国家――民族关系与民族政策的国际比较[M].北京:北京大学出版社,1995,489.
②[美]丹尼尔?布尔斯廷.美国人:建国历程[M].北京:生活?读书?新知三联书店,1993,283.
③本杰明?富兰克林.富兰克林自传[M].李瑞林,宋勃生译.北京:国家行政学院出版社, 1998, 96-97.
④Cremin. L.A.. American Education: National Experience, 1783-1876[M]. New York: Harper Colophon Books Co., 1982, 254.
①弗雷德?赫钦格.美国教育的演进[M].纽约:麦格劳?希尔顿公司,1984,37.
②肯尼思?W?汤普森.宪法的政治理论[M].北京:生活?读书?新知三联书店,1997,130.
③Ellwood P. Cubberley. Public Education in the United States: A Study and Interpretation of American Education History[M]. Houghton Mifflin, Boston, Massanchusetts: RoutledgeFalmer,1934,16.
④吴式颖,任钟印.外国教育思想通史(第六卷)[M].长沙:湖南教育出版社, 2000, 577.
⑤Cogan, John J.. Civic Education in the United States: A Brief History[J]. International Journal of Social Education. V.4 No.1(spring/summer 1999):26-34.
①朱旭东.杰斐逊教育思想的现代性阐释[J].高等师范教育研究, 1999,(06):71-76.
②Lee, G. C.(ed ). Crusade against ignorance:Thomas Jefferson on Education(5thed.)[M]. New York: Teachers College Press,1967, 99-100.
③朱旭东.杰斐逊教育思想的现代性阐释[J].高等师范教育研究, 1999,(06):71-76.
①Brubacher, J.S.. History of the Problem of Education[M]. Englewood Cliffs, N.J. Prentice-Hall,1983, 243.
②Webster, N. Dissertations on the English Language.[M]. Boston: Routledge Falmer, 1789, 20.
③丹尼尔?布尔斯廷.美国人:开拓历程[M].中国对外翻译出版公司.北京:生活?读书?新知三联书店, 1993, 320.
①Cremin L. A.. Amreican Education: National Experience, 1783-1876[M]. New York: Harper and Row,1970,263.
②Butts, R. Freeman. Public Education in the United States, from Revolution to Reform[M]. Holt Rinehart and Winston, 1978, 31.
③Cremin L. A.. Amreican Education: National Experience, 1783-1876[M]. New York: Harper and Row, 1970,265-266.
④Cremin L. A.. Amreican Education: National Experience, 1783-1876[M]. New York: Harper and Row, 1970,263.
①腾大春.美国教育史[M].北京:人民教育出版社,2001,136.
②B. Frank Brown. Education for Responsible Citizenship: The Report of the National Task Force on Citizenship Education[M].New York: McGRAW-HILL BOOK COMPANY, 1977, 47.
③Oritti Chilov, Edited. Citizenship and Citizenship Education in A Changing World[M]. The Woburn Press,1998, 123.
④R. Freeman Butts. The Civic Mission in Educational Reform: Perspectives for the Public and the Profession[M]. Stanford University: Hoover Institution Press, 1989,78.
⑤John C. Fitzpatric,ed.. The Writings of George Washington[M]. Washington,D.C.:U.S.Government Printing Office ,1940, Vol.30,493.
①[美]乔治?华盛顿.华盛顿选集[M].聂崇信等译.北京:商务印书馆,1983,310.
②B. Frank Brown. Education for Responsible Citizenship: The Report of the National Task Force on Citizenship Education[M].New York: McGRAW-HILL BOOK COMPANY,1977, 48.
③B. Frank Brown. Education for Responsible Citizenship: The Report of the National Task Force on Citizenship Education[M].New York: McGRAW-HILL BOOK COMPANY,1977, 48.
①B. Frank Brown. Education for Responsible Citizenship: The Report of the National Task Force on Citizenship Education[M].New York: McGRAW-HILL BOOK COMPANY, 1977, 49.
②佛罗斯特?S?E.西方教育的历史和哲学基础[M].吴元训等译.北京:华夏出版社,1987,378.
③卡罗尔?卡尔金斯.美国科学技术史话[M].王岱译.北京:人民出版社,1984,379.
④[法]托克维尔.论美国的民主(上册)[M].北京:商务印书馆,1988,342.
⑤[法]托克维尔.论美国的民主(上册)[M].北京:商务印书馆,1988,46.
⑥[法]托克维尔.论美国的民主(上册)[M].北京:商务印书馆,1988,48.
⑦R. Freeman Butts. The Civic Mission in Educational Reform: Perspectives for the Public and the Profession[M]. Stanford University: Hoover Institution Press, 1989,78.
①[美]乔治?华盛顿.华盛顿选集[M].聂崇信等译.北京:商务印书馆,1983,310.
①[美]C?E?布莱克.现代化的动力[M].段小光译.成都:四川人民出版社,1988,99.
②罗荣渠.美洲史论[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,1997,25.
③张少华.美国早期现代化的两条道路之争[M].北京:北京大学出版社,1996,38.
①[美]汉密尔顿,杰伊,麦迪逊.联邦党人文集[M].程逢如译.北京:商务印书馆,1980,71.
②何宁生,支振锋.联邦党人文集导读[M].成都:四川教育出版社,2002,109.
③[美]汉密尔顿,杰伊,麦迪逊.联邦党人文集[M].程逢如译.北京:商务印书馆,1980,7.
①余志森.华盛顿传[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,1990,239.
②李喜蕊,李雪峰.论汉密尔顿的三权分立思想[J].聊城大学学报(社会科学版),2004,(04):52-55.
③[美]亚历山大?汉密尔顿.联邦党人文集[M].北京:商务印书馆,1989,259.
④汉密尔顿,杰伊,麦迪逊.联邦党人文集[M].北京:商务印书馆,1982,367.
⑤李喜蕊,李雪峰.论汉密尔顿的三权分立思想[J].聊城大学学报(社会科学版),2004,(04):52-55.
①汉密尔顿,杰伊,麦迪逊.联邦党人文集[M].程逢如译.北京:商务印书馆,1980,357.
②汉密尔顿,杰伊,麦迪逊.联邦党人文集[M].程逢如译.北京:商务印书馆,1980,362.
③李喜蕊,李雪峰.论汉密尔顿的三权分立思想[J].聊城大学学报(社会科学版),2004,(04):52-55.
④MortonJ.Frisch,Alexander Hamilton and the Political Order[M].New York,:Hoover Institution Press ,1967,27.
⑤[美]亚历山大?汉密尔顿.联邦党人文集[M].北京:商务印书馆, 1989, 379.
⑥[美]汉密尔顿,杰伊,麦迪逊.联邦党人文集[M].程逢如译.北京:商务印书馆,1980,359.
⑦汉密尔顿,杰伊,麦迪逊.联邦党人文集[M].程逢如译.北京:商务印书馆,1980,368.
①李喜蕊,李雪峰.论汉密尔顿的三权分立思想[J].聊城大学学报(社会科学版),2004,(04):52-55.
②汉密尔顿,麦迪逊,杰伊.联邦党人文集[M].北京:商务印书馆,1980,58.
③汉密尔顿,麦迪逊,杰伊.联邦党人文集[M].北京:商务印书馆,1980,56.
④汉密尔顿,麦迪逊,杰伊.联邦党人文集[M].北京:商务印书馆,1980,32.
⑤汉密尔顿,麦迪逊,杰伊.联邦党人文集[M].北京:商务印书馆,1980,61.
⑥汉密尔顿,麦迪逊,杰伊.联邦党人文集[M].北京:商务印书馆,1980,52.
①J.库克.亚历山大?汉密尔顿报告集[M].纽约:健康出版社,1964, 126-135.
②Harold Syrett ed.. The Papers of Alexander Hamilton(Vol1) [M].Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1950, 67.
③Segmour Harris. American Economy History[M]. New York: Hoover Institution Press,1961, 149.
④李骏阳.美国工业化起讫时间的探讨[J].兰州大学学报,1982,(04):123-131.
⑤Saye, A .& Allums, J.& Pound M.. Principles of Ameican Government[M]. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc, 1982, 74-75.
①汉密尔顿,杰伊,麦迪逊.联邦党人文集[M].北京:商务印书馆,1980,238.
②“The government of the Union is a government of the People; it emantes from them; its powers are granted by them; and are to be exercised directly on them, and for their benefit.”麦卡洛克诉马里兰案(McCullochv.Maryland,4Wheaton316[1819])[EB/OL]. http://www.gongfa.net/Show.aspx?ID=367.html,2010-4-10.
③Alexander Hamilton. Opinion Sustaining the Constitutionality of a National Bank(1791), in The Works of Alexander Hamilton, ed. Henry Cabot Lodge, 12 vols. New York: G.P. Putnam’s Sons,1904, vol.3. 494.
①王希.美国历史上的“国家利益”问题[J].美国研究,2003,(02):9-30.
②S.E.Morison. The Oxford History of the American People[M]. Boston: BrownandComPany, 1965,740.
③Robert Jennings and Arthurs Watts, eds.Oppenheim's International Law, 9th edition, Volum, part2[M]. Oxford University Press USA, 1992, 563.
①Charles S. Maier. Consigning the Twentieth Century to History: Alternatives for the Modern Era[ J]. American HistoricalReview, 105 (03) (June 2000): 807-831.
②Alexander Elmslie Campbell, ed.. Expansion and Imperialism[M]. New York: Harper & Row, 1970, 23.
③Frederick Jackson Turner“,The Significance of the Louisiana Purchase,”inReview of Reviews,XXVII, No.160 (May, 1903), 578-584.
④Jeffrey B. Morris and Richard B. Morris, edited. Encyclopedia of American History(7th ed.)[M]. New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 1996, 572.
⑤Derry E. Gianakos. American Diplomacy and the Sense of Destiny[M]. Belmont California: Washington, Publishing Company, Inc, 1966,48.
①Jeffrey B. Morris and Richard B. Morris (ed.). Encyclopedia of American History(7th ed) [M]. New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 1996, 608.
②Daniel J. Boorstin. The Amricans: Natioanl Experience[M]. New York: Random House,1965, 362-365.
③Zelinsky. Nation into States[M]. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1988, 218-219.
④塞缪尔?亨廷顿.我们是谁?美国国家特性面临的挑战[M].北京:新华出版社,2005,101.
⑤Bessie Louise Pierce. Public Opinion and the Teaching of History in the United States[M]. New York: Knopf, 1926, 13-16.
⑥塞缪尔?亨廷顿.我们是谁?美国国家特性面临的挑战[M].北京:新华出版社,2005,101.
①W?A?德格雪戈里.美国总统大全[M],上海:上海人民出版社, 1991, 56.
②Lipscomb and Bergh, edited. The Writings ofThomas Jefferson Vo.l3[M]. Washington, D. C.,1903, 227.
③Lipscomb and Bergh, edited. The Writings of Thomas Jefferson,Vo.l 16[M]. Washington,D.C., 1903, 28.
④Lipscomb and Bergh, edited. TheWritings ofThomas JeffersonVo.l 10[M]. Washington, D.C., 1903,400.
⑤[美]杰斐逊等.资产阶级政治家关于人权、自由、平等、博爱言论选录[M].北京:世界知识出版社, 1963, 81.
⑥莫里森.美利坚共和国的成长(第2分册)[M].南开大学历史系美国史研究室译.天津:天津人民出版社, 1980, 668.
①刘祚昌.杰斐逊传[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社, 1990, 443.
②[美]杰斐逊.杰斐逊选集[M].北京:商务印书馆,1999, 305.
③黄安年.美国的崛起[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社, 1992, 156.
④黄安年.美国的崛起[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社, 1992, 156.
⑤杰斐逊选集[M].北京:商务印书馆, 1999, 254.
⑥吉尔贝?希纳尔.杰斐逊评传[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社, 1987, 216.
⑦杰斐逊文选[M].北京:商务印书馆, 1963, 57.
①莫里森.美利坚共和国的成长(第2分册)[ M].南开大学历史系美国史研究室译.天津:天津人民出版社, 1980, 668.
②梅利尔?D?彼得森.杰斐逊集[M].北京:生活读书新知三联书店,1993,1626.
③帕林顿.美国思想史[M].长春:吉林人民出版社,2002,306.
④应克复.西方民主史[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,1997,166.
⑤刘祚昌.杰斐逊[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,1996, 442.
①艾德尼.杰斐逊设计美国[M].呼和浩特:内蒙古人民出版社.2000, 322.
②杰斐逊.杰斐逊选集[M].北京:商务印书馆,1999,404.
③杰斐逊.杰斐逊选集[M].北京:商务印书馆, 1999, 628.
④杰斐逊.杰斐逊选集[M].北京:商务印书馆,1999,306.
⑤刘祚昌.杰斐逊传[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社, 1990, 449.
①伍立杨.钻石般永存的精神力量——读《杰斐逊:设计美国》[J].新闻出版交流,2000,(6):24-25.
②何顺果.美国边疆史[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2000, 270.
③雷?艾伦?比林顿.向西部扩张(美国边疆史)(下册)[M].北京:商务印书馆,1991,429.
④卡尔金斯.美国扩张与发展史话[M].北京:人民出版社,1984, 79
⑤Henry David Thoreau. The American Frontier, A Social and Literary Record[M]. Rinehart and Winston, Inc., 1965,24-25.
⑥房龙.美国史事[M].北京:北京出版社,2001, 299.
①Edmund S. Morgan. Inventing the People: The Rise of Popular Sovereignty in England and Amrica[M]. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1988, 174.
②雷?艾伦?比林顿.向西部扩张(美国边疆史)(下册)[M].北京:商务印书馆,1991,428-429.
③William T. Hutchinson. Unite to Divide; Divide to Unite: The Shaping of American Federalism[J]. The Mississippi Valley Historical Review, vol.45(Jun., 1959):3-18.
④Frederick J. Turner. The Frontier in American History[M]. New York: Robert E. Kriger Publishing Company, 1920(reprinted,1976), 192.
⑤Richard P. McCormick. New Perspectives on Jacksonian Politics[J]. American Historical Review, vol,. 65(Jan., 1960): 288-301.
⑥Car R. Fish. The Rise of Common Man: 1830-1850[M]. Chicago: Quadrangle Books,1965,22.
⑦Alexis De Tocqueville. Democracy in America(vol. I)[M]. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1954(reprinted, 1980), 200.
⑧Alexis De Tocqueville. Democracy in America(vol. I)[M]. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1954(reprinted, 1980), 59.
①Brown, Dee. The Gentle Tamers: Women and the Frontier Old Wild West[M]. New York: Robert E. Kriger Publishing Company, 1958, 238.
②Brown, Dee. The Gentle Tamers: Women and the Frontier Old Wild West[M]. New York: Robert E. Kriger Publishing Company, 1958, 253.
③雷?艾伦?比林顿.向西部扩张:美国边疆史[M].北京:三联书店, 1993. 428.
④[美]埃里克?方纳.新美国历史[M].齐文颖,林江译.北京:北京师范大学出版社,1998,223.
①Franksorauf. PartyPolitiesinAmeriea[M].Boston: Routledge Falmer, 1984,20.
②理查德?霍夫施塔特.美国政治传统及其缔造者[M].北京:商务印书馆,1994,50.
③http://odur.let.rug.nl/usa/p/aj7/speeches/ajson1.htm,2004-10-16.
①ArtllurM.Schlesinger,Jr.. The Age Of Jackson[M]. Boston: BrownandComPany,1946,46-47.
②[美]加里?纳什等.美国人民:创建一个国家和社会[M].刘德斌译.北京:北京大学出版社,2008,290-291.
③刘艳.美国政党政治形成与黑人奴隶制废除过程中的新教福音派[D]:[硕士论文].长春:东北师范大学历史学院,2003.
④Winthrop S. Hudson. Religion in America[M]. N.Y. : W. W. Norton & Company, 1981,136.
⑤Mark A. Noll. God and Mammon: Protestants, Money, and the Market, 1790-1860[M].Oxford University Press, 2002,56.
①George Peck. Natioanl Evils and Their Remedy[M]. New York: Richmond,Va.,1841,31-32.
②Charles G. Finney. Lectures on Revivals of Religion[M]. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1960,13.
③Donald G. Mathews. The Second Great Awakening as an Organizing Process 1780-1830: An Hypothesis[J].AQ, 21(Spring 1969):23-43.
④托克维尔.论美国的民主(上卷)[M].北京:商务印书馆,1997,337-339.
⑤Eleanor. Century of Struggle: The Women Rights Movement in the United States[M]. Harvard University Press,1975,76.
⑥Mary Beth Norton. Major Problems in American Women’s History[M]. D.C. Heath Company: Lexington Press,1989,203-204.
①J.W.T.Johns. American Realities: Historical Episodes from Reconstruction to the Present[M]. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1980, 109.
①杨生茂.美国南北战争资料选辑[Z].上海:上海人民出版社,1978, 278.
②林肯选集[M].北京:商务印书馆,1983, 282.
③唐纳德?M?毕晓普.美国历史文献选集[M].北京:北京大学出版社, 1985, 50.
④赵晓兰.美国黑人争取选举权运动探析[J].杭州师范学院学报, 1999, (05):27-32.
①James H. Kettner. The Development of American Citizenship, 1608-1870[M]. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1978,247.
②James H. Kettner. The Development of American Citizenship, 1608-1870[M]. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1978,247.
③James H. Kettner. The Development of American Citizenship, 1608-1870[M]. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1978, 288.
④Merrill D. Peterson, ed.. Democracy, Liberty, and Property: The State Constitutional Conventions of the 1820’s[M]. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1966, 399-400.
①Carl.N.Degler. Out of Our Past[M].New York: Harper Torchbooks, 1987, 59.
②James H. Kettner. The Development of American Citizenship, 1608-1870[M]. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1978,316-317.
①Helen Tunnicliff Catterall,ed.. Judicial Case Concerning American Slavery and the Nego[M]. Washington, D.C.:Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1926,374.
②James H. Kettner. The Development of American Citizenship, 1608-1870[M]. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1978,311-312.
③James H. Kettner. The Development of American Citizenship, 1608-1870[M]. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1978,341.
①James H. Kettner. The Development of American Citizenship, 1608-1870[M]. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1978,343.
①James H. Kettner. The Development of American Citizenship, 1608-1870[M]. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1978, 286.
②James H. Kettner. The Development of American Citizenship, 1608-1870[M]. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1978,236.
③James H. Kettner. The Development of American Citizenship, 1608-1870[M]. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1978,264-265.
④James H. Kettner. The Development of American Citizenship, 1608-1870[M]. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1978,343-349.
①安迪?格林.教育与国家形成:英、法、美教育体系起源之比较[M].王春华等译.北京:教育科学出版社,2004,184-203.
②J. E. Morgan. Horace Mann: His Ideas and Ideals[M]. Washington D.C.: Natioanl Library Foundation, 1936, 20.
①H. Warren Button and Eugene F. Provenz, Jr.. History of Education and Culture in American[M]. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, 1989, 107.
②L.A.Cremin. American Education: The National Experience,1783-1876[M]. New York: Harper Colophon Books Co.,1982, 183.
③H. Warren Button and Eugene F. Provenz, Jr.. History of Education and Culture in American[M]. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, 1989, 107.
④L.H.Tharp. Until Victory: Horace Mann and Mary Peabody[M]. Boston: Little Brown and Company, 1953, 158.
⑤Butts, R.F.. The Civic Mission in Educational Reform: Perspectives for the Public and Profession, Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution Press, Stanford University, 1989,104-105.
①Lawrence A. Cremin. The Republic and the School: Hoarace Mann on the Education of Free Men[M]. NewYork: Bureau of Publications, Teachers College, Columbia University, 1957, 93.
②James W. Fraser. The School in the United States: A Documentary History[M]. Boston: McGaw-Hill, 2001, 58.
③Butts, R.F.. The Civic Mission in Educational Reform: Perspectives for the Public and Profession[M].Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution Press, Stanford University, 1989, 121.
④[美]劳伦斯?克雷明.美国教育史(1783-1876)[M].洪成文等译.北京:北京师范大学出版社,2002,144.
①[美]劳伦斯A.克雷明.美国教育史(2):建国初期的历程(1783-1876)[M].洪成文,丁邦平等译.北京:北京师范大学出版社,2002,142-145.
②Derek Heater.A History of Education for Citizenship[M]. New York: Routledge Falmer, 2004, 105-106.
①Derek Heater.A History of Education for Citizenship[M]. New York: Routledge Falmer, 2004, 106.
②劳伦斯?阿瑟?克雷明.学校的变革[M].单中慧译.上海:上海教育出版社,1994,16.
③[美]弗?斯卡皮蒂.美国社会问题[M].刘泰星等译.北京:中国社会科学出版社,1986,169.
④R.Freeman Butts. The Civic Mission in Educational Reform: Perspectives for the Public and the Profession[M]. Stanford, California: Hoover Instituion Press, 1989, 96-97.
⑤N.N. Butler. Monographs on Education in the United States, Vol.3 [M]. New York: Routledge Falmer, 1985, 3.
①滕大春.美国教育史[M].北京:人民教育出版社,1944, 336.
②Richard Angelo. A Sense of Occasion[J]. History of Edcation Quarterly, Fall 1981, Volume 21, Number3,348.
③R.Freeman Butts. The Civic Mission in Educational Reform: Perspectives for the Public and the Profession[M]. Stanford, California: Hoover Instituion Press, 1989,65-68.
④Carl F. Kaestle. Ideology and American Educational History[J]. History of Education Quarterly, Summer 1982, Volume 22, Number2, 128.
①R.Freeman Butts. The Civic Mission in Educational Reform: Perspectives for the Public and the Profession[M]. Stanford, California: Hoover Instituion Press, 1989, 94.
②R.Freeman Butts. The Civic Mission in Educational Reform: Perspectives for the Public and the Profession[M]. Stanford, California: Hoover Instituion Press, 1989, 122.
③Derek Heater. A History of Education for Citizenship[M]. New York:Routledge Falmer, 2004, 107.
④商戈令.人文新词典[K].南昌:江西人民出版社,1990, 525.
①L.Cremin. American Education: The National Experience(1783-1876)[M].New York: Harper Colophon Books Co.,1982, 3.
②England, J.M.. The Democratic Faith in American Schoolbooks, 1783-1860[J]. American Quarterly, 1963, (15): 191.
③华盛顿选集[M].北京:商务印书馆,1983,310-321.
④Kaestle, C.F.. Pillars of the Republic: Commom Schools and American Society,1780-1860[M]. New York: Hill & Wang, 1983, 75.
①Linda M. Lillie. The Political Economy of the Social studies Curriculum[M]. Athens, Ohio: Ohio University,1996. 35-36.
②C.F.Kasestle. Pillars of the Republic: common Schools and American Society(1780-1860)[M]. Toronto: Hill and Wang, 1983, 82.
③C.F.Kasestle. Pillars of the Republic: common Schools and American Society(1780-1860)[M]. Toronto: Hill and Wang,1983, 82.
④Macedo, S.. Diversity and Distrust: Civic Education in a Multicultural Socity[M]. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2000, 65.
⑤Rodak, Nancy. Character Education in the Elementary School[M]. New Tork: State University of New York Empire State College, 2005, 77.
①C.F.Kasestle. Pillars of the Republic: common Schools and American Society(1780-1860)[M]. Toronto: Hill and Wang,1983, 99.
②[日]左藤正夫.教学论原理[M].钟启泉译.北京:人民教育出版社,1996,94.
③Chiodo, John. H.“Social Studies—Its Roots and Brands”[J]. The Social Studies 68.(November/December 1997):249-251.
④[日]左藤正夫.教学论原理[M].钟启泉译.北京:人民教育出版社,1996,94.
①Merle Curti. The Roots of American Loyalty[M]. New York: Columbia University Press, 1946, 190.
②Derek Heater. A History of Education for Citizenship[M]. New York: Routledge Falmer, 2004, 111.
③Henry Steele Commager. The American Mind: An Interpretation of American Thought and Character Since the 1880’s[M]. New Haven: Yale University Press,1950,38-39.
④R. Freeman Butts. The Revival of Ciciv Learning: A Rationale for Citizenship Eucation in American Schools[M]. Columbia :Teachers Colleage, Columbia University, 1980,58.
⑤R. Freeman Butts. The Revival of Ciciv Learning: A Rationale for Citizenship Eucation in American Schools[M]. Columbia :Teachers Colleage, Columbia University, 1980, 63.
①Linda M. Lillie. The Political Economy of the Social studies Curriculum[M]. Athens, Ohio: Ohio University,1996. 39.
②[美]劳伦斯?A?克雷明.美国教育史:城市化时斯的历程(1876~1980)[M].朱旭东等译.北京:北京师范大学出版社,2002.123.
③[英]安迪?格林.教育与国家形成:英、法、美教育体系起源之比较[M].王春华等译.北京:教育科学出版社,2004,218-219.
④Derek Heater. A History of Education for Citizenship[M]. New York:Routledge Falmer, 2004, 111.
①高峰.美国政治社会化研究[M].北京:首都师范大学出版社,2004,205-206.
②Lyn Spillman. Nation and Commemoration: Creating National Identities in the United States and Australia[M]. New York: Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge, 1997,24-25.
③Catherine Albanese. Requiem for Memorial Day: Dissent in the Redeemer Nation[J]. Ameican Quarterly, 1974,(26):389.
①Boleslaw Mastai and Marie Louise D’Orange. The Stars and Stripes: The American Flag As Art and As History from the Birth of Republic to the Present[M]. New York: Knopf,1973,130.
②Derek Heater. A History of Education for Citizenship[M]. New York:Routledge Falmer, 2004, 113.
③[美]塞缪尔?亨廷顿.美国国家爱特性面临的挑战[M].程克雄译.北京:新华出版社,2995,105.
④Kaestle, C.F.. Pillars of the Republic: Common Schools and American Society, 1780-1860[M]. Toronto: Hill and Wang, 1983, title page.
①吴德刚.中国全民教育问题研究——简论教育机会平等问题[M].北京:教育科学歘版社,1998,134.
②E.P. Cubberley. Public Education in the United States[M]. Boston: The Bobbs-Merrill Company,1934,174.
③劳伦斯?A?克雷明.学校的变革[M].单中惠等译.上海:上海教育出版社,1994,19.
④A. Potter and G. Emerson. The School and the School Master[M]. New York: Penguin, 1846, 1-2.
①[美]麦理安(C. E. Merriam).公民教育[M].黄嘉德译.上海:商务印书馆,中华民国二十四年. 205-206.
②Richard P. McCormick. The Second American Party System: Party Formation in the Jacksonian Era Chapel Hill[M]. New York: Harper Collins Publishers,1966,62.
①William Gillette. The Right to Vote: Politics and the Passage of the Fifteenth Amendment[M]. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1965, 87-88.
②刘艳.美国政党政治形成与黑人奴隶制废除过程中的新福音派[D]:[硕士论文].长春:东北师范大学历史学院, 2003.
①[美]H?S?康马杰.美国精神[M].南木等译.北京:光明日报出版社,1988,63.
②杨生茂,陆镜生.美国史新编(1492-1989)[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,1990,229.
③Harold U. Faulkner. Poli tics, Reform and Expansion[M]. New York: Harper and Row Publisher, 1959,72.
①侯钧生.现代社会学理论教程[M].天津:南开大学出版社,2001,35.
②理查德?霍夫施塔特.美国思想中的社会达尔文主义[M].郭正昭译.台湾联经出版事业公司,1981,3-4.
③王晓德.美国文化与外交[M].天津:天津教育出版社,2000,205.
④William Appleman Williams. The Shaping of American Diplomacy(Vol.1)[M]. Chicago: Rand Mcnally& Co., 1962, 332.
⑤Julius W. Pratt. Expansionists of 1898[M]. Baltimore: the Johns Hopkins Press, 1936,6.
⑥Derry E. Gianakos. American Diplomacy and the Sense of Destiny[M]. Belmont California: Washington, Publishing Company, Inc, 1966,13.
①Theodore Roosevelt.“The Strenuous Life”, Speeches and Addresses[M]. New York, 1905, 32.
②Bureau of the Census. Historical Statistics of the United States: Colonial Times to 1970[M]. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1975, 105-106.
③黄安年.二十世纪美国史[M].石家庄:河北人民出版社,1989,37.
④黄兆群.熔炉下的火焰—美国的移民、民族和种族[M].北京:东方出版社,1994,47.
①邓蜀生.美国历史与美国人[M].北京:人民出版社,1993, 233.
②Robert A Divine. American Immigration Policy, 1924-1952[M]. New York: Da Capo Press, 1972, 5.
③[美]约翰?海厄姆.把这些人送来:都市美国的外来移民[M].约翰斯?霍普金斯大学出版社, 1984, 64.
①Herman Melville. White Jacket[M]. London: Oxford University Press, 1924, 142-143.
②Michael Hogan, ed.,The Ambiguous Legacy: US Foreign Relations in the American Century[M]. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1999, 28.
③[美]马汉.海权论[M].萧伟中,梅然译.北京:中国言实出版社,1997, 319.
④Thomas G. Peterson, J. Garry Clifford, Kenneth J. Hagan. American Foreign Policy(Vol.1)[M]. Boston: The Bobbs-MerrillCompany, 1988, 229.
①Albert B. Hart, ed.,Selected Addresses and Public Papers of Woodrow Wilson, New York: Boni & Liveright, Inc., 1918, 186.
②邓蜀生.伍德罗?威尔逊[M].上海:上海人民出版社,1982,176.
③李琮.当代资本主义世界经济发展史略[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,1989,73-74.
④John Fousek. To Lead The Free World, Amrican Nationalism and the Cultural Roots of the Cold War[M]. Chapel Hill and London: The University of North Carolina Press, 1999,43.
①Donald W. White. The Amrican Century[M]. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1996,295.
②莫里森.美利坚合众国的成长[M].天津:天津人民出版社,1991,396.
③阿密泰?艾乔尼.美国首府政治腐败内幕[M].河南人民出版社,1992,177.
④理查德?霍夫斯达特.美国政治传统及其缔造者[M].中译本.北京:商务印书馆,1994,242.
⑤Iris Dorrebom. The Challenge of Our Time[M]. New York: Boni & Liveright, Inc.,1991, 4.
⑥Samuel Rosenmaned. The Public Papers and Addresses of Franklin D. Roosevelt Vol.3[M]. New York: Random House, 1938, 420.
①Samuel Eliot Morrison. The Oxford History of the American People Vol.3[M].N.Y.: Health Press, 1972, 341.
②欧内斯特?科尔梅茨.美国史研究(第2卷)[M].美国杜什金出版社,1974, 377.
①McDermot, t J. J. Ed.. The Philosophy of Dewey[M]. Chicago: The University ofChicago Press, 1981, 623.
②Butts, R. Freeman,and others. History of Citizen Education Colloquium Papers[M]. Washington, D.C.: Natioanl Inst. Of Education, 1978, 122.
③杜威.人的问题[M].傅统先译.上海:上海人民出版社,1986, 43-44.
①杜威.人的问题[M].上海:世纪出版集团, 2006, 34.
②杜威.哲学的改造[M].北京:商务印书馆, 1958,112-113.
③Walter Parker. Educating the Democratic Mind[M]. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1966, 5.
④Dewey. The Public and Its Problems[M]. The Southern Illinoise University Press, 1983, 286-287.
⑤杜威.新旧个人主义[M].孙有中等译.上海:上海社会科学出版社,1997,4.
①杜威.人的问题[M].傅统先译.上海:世纪出版集团, 2006,48.
②[美]约翰?杜威.民主主义与教育[M].王承绪译.北京:人民教育出版社,1990,13.
③杜威.哲学的改造[M].胡适译.合肥:安徽教育出版社,1999,171-172.
④《哲学研究》编辑部.资产阶级哲学资料选辑[M].上海:上海人民出版社, 1966,241-242.
⑤杜威.人的问题[M].傅统先译.上海:世纪出版集团, 2006, 45-46.
⑥陈怡.经验与民主:杜威政治哲学基础研究[M].上海:复旦大学出版社,2002,88.
①罗伯特?B?塔利斯.杜威[M].彭国华译.北京:中华书局,2002,1.
②孙晓梅.妇女教育系列教材——国家妇女运动概况[M].北京:北方妇女儿童出版社,1990,78.
③路易斯·哈伯.世界科学界女先驱[M].上海:世纪出版集团, 2006,68.
④Louis W. Banner. Women in Modern Amrica: A Brief History[M]. New York: Random House, 1984,257-258.
⑤V.P.Barbara. Statistical Abstract of the US[M]. Washington,D.C.: American Department of Commence, 1985,247-251.
①V.P.Barbara. Statistical Abstract of the US[M]. Washington,D.C.: American Department of Commence, 1985, 390-391.
②李道揆.美国政府和美国政治[M].中国社会科学出版社,1990,157.
①Charles E. Siblerman. Crisis in Black and White[M]. New York: Random House, Inc., 1964,23.
①郭忠华,刘训练.公民身份与社会阶级[M].上海:江苏人民出版社,2008,195.
②C.B.Macpherson. The Rise and Fall of Economic Justice and Other Essays[M]. New York: Oxford University Press, 1985, 23.
①Rexford Guy Tugwell. The Democratic Roosevelt[M]. Garden City, New York: Random House, Inc., 1957, 204.
②[美]阿瑟?林克,威廉?卡顿?1900年以来的美国史(中册)[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社, 1983, 399.
①[美]C?E?布莱克.现代化的动力[M].段小光译.成都:四川人民出版社.1988,21-22.
②[美]劳伦斯?克雷明.美国教育史:城市化进程(1876-1980)[M].朱旭东等译.北京:北京师范大学出版社,2002,264.
①Butts, R. Freeman,and others. History of Citizen Education Colloquium Papers[M]. Washington, D.C.: Natioanl Inst. Of Education, 1978, 196.
②Macedo,S. Diversity and Distrust: Civic Education in a Multicultural Society[M].Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2000, 91.
③Violas, P. The Trainning of the Urban Working Class[M]. Chicago: Rand McNally, 1978,61.
④Butts, R. Freeman,and others. History of Citizen Education Colloquium Papers[M]. Washington, D.C.: Natioanl Inst. Of Education, 1978, 196.
⑤Butts, R. Freeman,and others. History of Citizen Education Colloquium Papers[M]. Washington, D.C.: Natioanl Inst. Of Education, 1978, 108-109.
⑥Butts, R. Freeman,and others. History of Citizen Education Colloquium Papers[M]. Washington, D.C.: Natioanl Inst. Of Education, 1978, 196.
①Pierce,B.L..Civic Attitudes in American School Textbooks[M].Chicago,IL: University of Chicago Press, 1930, 231.
②Pierce, B.L..Civic Attitudes in American School Textbooks[M].Chicago,IL: University of Chicago Press, 1930,171.
③Pierce, B.L..Civic Attitudes in American School Textbooks[M].Chicago,IL: University of Chicago Press, 1930,233.
④Pierce, B.L..Civic Attitudes in American School Textbooks[M].Chicago,IL: University of Chicago Press, 1930,243.
⑤Lazerson, M. & Grubb, W.N.. American Education and Vocationalism: A Documentary History, 1870-1970[M]. New York: Teachers College Press, 1974, 87.
①[美]威廉姆.美国童子军生存手册[M].张雨来译.天津:天津社会科学出版社, 2003,327-346.
②[美]查理斯?E?孟利欧(Charles E. Merriam).美国公民教育[M].严菊生译.上海:商务印书馆,中华民国二十年,109-111.
①George S. Counts. Dare the School Build a New Social Order?[M]. New York: The John Day Company, 1932, 28-29.
②Rugg, H. An Introducation to the Problems of American Culture(6 Vols.)[M]. Boston: Ginn, 1931,I-III.
③Rugg, H. An Introducation to the Problems of American Culture(6 Vols.)[M]. Boston: Ginn, 1931,598.
①Rugg, H. An Introducation to the Problems of American Culture(6 Vols.)[M]. Boston: Ginn, 1931,605.
②Butts, R. Freeman,and others. History of Citizen Education Colloquium Papers[M]. Washington, D.C.: Natioanl Inst. Of Education, 1978, 149.
③Goldman,E.F..The Crucial Decade[M]. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1956,97.
④Keohane, R. E..Educating for Civic Leadership[J]. The Scoial Studies, 1951,42(03):99-104.
⑤Karsch,R.F.. The Teaching of American Government[J]. Social Education, 1951,15(01):16-20.
①R. Freeeman Butts. The Morality of Democractic Citizenship: Goals For Civic Education in the Republic’s Third Century[M].California: Center for Civic Education, 1988, 60.
②Hepburn, Mary A. Educating for democracy: the years following World WarⅡ[J]. Social Studies, 1982, Vol. 81: 32-47.
③Lewenstein, M.R. An Analysis of Some Concepts pf Citizenship Education[M]. University of Illinois, 1953,102.
④American Asscoiation of School Administratiors. Educating for American Citizenship[M]. Washington, D.C.: Natioanl Education Association, 1954.
①Lewenstein, M.R. An Analysis of Some Concepts pf Citizenship Education[M]. University of Illinois, 1953,104.
②http://course33.gzedu.com/A1007/FED/Course2/chapter8/A1007002TC0833.htm, 2010-4-17.
③H.S.康马杰.美国精神[M].北京:光明日报出版社,1988,73-74.
④[美]约翰?杜威.民主主义与教育[M].王承绪译.北京:人民教育出版社,1990,92.
①]杜威.人的问题[M].傅统先译.上海:上海人民出版社,1986,24.
②袁刚.民治主义与现代社会:杜威在华演讲集[M].北大出版社,2004,12.
③赵祥麟,王承绪.杜威教育论著选[M].上海:华东师范大学出版社,1981.343-344.
④杜威.人的问题[M].傅统先译.上海:上海人民出版社,1986,34-35.
⑤杜威.新旧个人主义:杜威文选[M].孙有中译.上海社会科学出版社,1997,28.
①[美]劳伦斯?克雷明.美国教育史:城市化进程(1876-1980)[M].朱旭东等译.北京:北京师范大学出版社, 2002, 189.
②[美]杜威.人的问题[M].傅统先,邱椿译,上海:上人民出版社, 1965, 44.
③[美]劳伦斯?克雷明.美国教育史:城市化进程(1876-1980)[M].朱旭东等译.北京:北京师范大学出版社,2002,188.
④凯瑟琳?坎普?梅休.杜威学校[M].王承绪等译.上海:华东师范大学出版社,1991,357
⑤[美]杜威.人的问题[M].傅统先,邱椿译.上海:上海人民出版社, 1965, 90-91.
⑥沈益洪.杜威谈中国[M].杭州:浙江文艺出版社,2001, 64.
⑦John Dewey. philosophy and Civilization[M]. New York: Minton, Black & Company ,1931, 283-284.
①杜威.学校与社会?明日之学校[M].赵祥麟等译.北京:人民教育出版社,2005,284.
②[美]杜威.人的问题[M].傅统先,邱椿译.上海:上海人民出版社,1965.32.
③[美]约翰?杜威.民主主义与教育[M].王承绪译.北京:人民教育出版社,1990,626.
④[美]约翰?杜威.民主主义与教育[M].王承绪译.北京:人民教育出版社,1990,33-34.
①U.S. Bureau of Education. Cardical Priciples of Education[M].Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1918,13.
②Lewenstein, M.R. An Analysis of Some Concepts pf Citizenship Education[M]. Chicago: University of Illinois, 1953,37.
③Lewenstein, M.R. An Analysis of Some Concepts pf Citizenship Education[M]. Chicago: University of Illinois, 1953,38.
④Quillen, I.J. & Hanna, L.A.. Education for Social Competence[M]. Glenview,ILL: Scott, Foresman, 1948, 22.
①Carawford, C.E., Cooley, E.G., Trillingham, C.C.& Stoops, E.. Living your Life[M]. New York: Heath Press, 1953, v-viv.
①[美]查理斯?E?孟利欧(Charles E. Merriam).美国公民教育[M].严菊生译.上海:商务印书馆,中华民国二十六年,I-III.
②[美]约翰?杜威.民主主义与教育[M].王承绪译.北京:人民教育出版社,1990,37.
①Allen,F. L.. The big Change[M]. New York: Bantam Books, 1952,257.
②Butts, R. Freeman,and others. History of Citizen Education Colloquium Papers[M]. Washington, D.C.: Natioanl Inst. Of Education, 1978, 151.
③Hunt, M.P. & Metcalf, L.E.. Theaching High School Social Studies[M]. NewYork: Harper, 1955, v-vi.
①Butts, R. Freeman,and others. History of Citizen Education Colloquium Papers[M]. Washington, D.C.: Natioanl Inst. Of Education, 1978, 152-154.
①张少华.美国早期现代化的两条道路之争[M].北京:北京大学出版社, 1996, 15.
①陈明明.革命后社会的政治与现代化[M].上海:上海辞书出版社, 2002, 95.
②W illiam O’Neill. Coming Apart[M].New York: Quadrangle Books,1971,68.
③Irving L. Horowitz & Seymour Martin Lipset. Dialogues on American Politics[M]. New York: Oxford University Press, 1978, 46.
④Irving Kristol. What Is a Neoconservitive?[J]. Newsweek, January 19,1976,87-94.
①Linda J. Medcalf andKennethM. Dolbeare,Neopolitics: American Political Ideas in the1980s[M]. New York: Simon and Schuster,1976,136.
②Linda J. Medcalf andKennethM. Dolbeare,Neopolitics: American Political Ideas in the1980s[M]. New York: Simon and Schuster,1976,136.
③Peter Steinfels. The Neoconservatives: The Men Who Are Changing Amrica’s Politics[M]. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1979, 67.
①Robert Kagan. A Retreat from Power[J]. Commentary, July 1995,19-25.
②戴维?奥斯本,特德?盖布勒?改革政府:企业精神如何改革着公共部门[M]?上海:上海译文出版社,1996,1.
①贝克罗齐.民主的危机[M].马殿军译.北京:求实出版社, 1989, 73.
②Thomas E. Patterson. WeThe People: A Concise Introduction to American Politics[M]. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies, 1998, 409.
①洪伟.美国重塑政府运动及其对中国的启示[J].社科从横,2006,21(07):57-59.
①[美]约翰?路易斯?加迪斯.遏制战略史:战后美国国家安全政策评析[M].时殷弘译.北京:世界出版社,2005,362.
②梅孜编译.美国总统国情咨文选编[M].北京:时事出版社,1996,765-766.
③潘亚玲.“9·11”后的美国爱国主义与对外政策[D]: [博士学位论文].上海:上海复旦大学国际关系与公共事务学院,2007.
④The White House . A National Security Strategy of Engagement and Enlargement[J]. The White House, July 1994,2.
①潘亚玲.“9·11”后的美国爱国主义与对外政策[D]: [博士学位论文].上海:上海复旦大学国际关系与公共事务学院,2007.
①Gallup Poll. Gallup Poll Analyses—Bush Job Approval Was at 51% Immediately Before Tuesday’s Attacks[EB/OL]. http:www.gallup.coom/poll/releases/pr010912b.asp, 2004-9-20.
②Sarah Lesher. Both Right and Left Condemn Patriot Act. [EB/OL]. Http://www.hillnews.com/news/50603/patriot.aspx.,2006-6-3.
③AryehNeier. Americas' New Nationalism[J]. Social Research, New York: W inter2004, Vo.l 71:1013-1017.
④Michael Hirsh. Bush and the World[J]. Foreign Affairs, September/October 2002, Vol. 81, No. 5:18-43.
①http://gb.cri.cn/18504/2008/01/09/2945@1905836.htm
②http://news.xinhuanet.com/world/2008-02/02/content_7547843.htm
①Robert D. Putnam. Bowling Alone: America’s Declining Social Capital[J]. Journal of Democracy, Vol.6, Jan.1995,66-74.
①http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/jfkinaugural.html,2008-07-17.
②Benadeette S Chi. Service-learning as Citizenship Education: The Promise and Puzzle[EB/OL]. http://www.cns.gov/paf/hr/fellowships/chi.pdf, 2004-12-07.viii.
③Robert Wuthow.“A Reasonable Role for Religion?”In Democractic Civility[M]. Robert W. Hefner ed. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers, 1998, 114.
①B.S.Turner, ed. Citizenship and Social Theory[M]. Newbury Park,CA:Sage, 1993, 139-140.
②Robert Lekachman. Proposition 13 and the New Conservatism[J]. Change, September 1978:28.
③R. Freeman Butts. The Revival of Civic Learning: A Rationale for Citizenship Education in Amrican Schools[M]. Bloomington, IND: Phi Delta Kappa Education Foundation, 1980, 6.
④Daniel Yankelovich. The New Morality: A Profile of American Youth in the Seventies [M]. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1974,5-6.
①Boyer, E. L. Civic Eduction for Responsible Citizens[J]. Educational Leadership, 1990, 48:4-7.
②R. Freeman Butts. The Revival of Civic Learning: A Rationale for Citizenship Education in Amrican Schools[M]. Bloomington, IND: Phi Delta Kappa Education Foundation, 1980, 7.
③Boyer, E. L. Civic Eduction for Responsible Citizens[J]. Educational Leadership, 1990, (48):4-7.
④B. Frank Brown. Education for Responsible Citizenship: The Report of the National Task Force on Citizenship Education[J]. New York: McGraw-Hall Book Company, 1977,11.
⑤R. Freeman Butts. The Revival of Civic Learning: A Rationale for Citizenship Education in Amrican Schools[M]. Bloomington, IND: Phi Delta Kappa Education Foundation, 1980, 84.
①New Youk State Education Department. Social Studies 12: Participation in Government, Tentative Syllabus[M]. Albany, N.Y.: New Youk State Education Department, 1987, 22-23.
②National Education Goals Panel. The National Education Goals Report: Building a Nation of Learners[M]. Washington, D.C.: United States Printing Office, 1991, ix.
③Center for Civic Education. Report of the Task Force on Civic Education: The Second Annual White House Conference on Character Building for a Democratic,Civic Society[R]. Wahington,D.C.: Center for Civic Education, 1995,3.
④John J. Chiodo, Leisa A. Martin. What Do Students Have to Say About Citizenship?An Analysis of the Concept of Citizenship Among Secondary Education Students[J]. Journal of social studies research, 2007,29(01):15-21.
①Jochum, V., Pratten, B.& Wilding, K. Civil Renewal and Active Citizenship: A Guide to the Debate. National Council for Voluntary Organizations,
2005.8.[EB/OL].http://www.ncvo-vol.org.uk/asp/uploads/uploadedfiles/1/637/civilrenewalactivecitizenship.pdf.2006-01-15.
①NAEP Civics Consensus Project. Civics Framework for The 1998 National Assessment of Educational Progress[A]. Washington, DC: National Assessment Governing Board, 1996,.ED 407 355.
②Morris Janowitz. The Reconstruction of Patrotism: Education for Civic Consciousness[M]. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1985, ix.
③Kerry J. Kennedy, Edited. Citizenship Education and the Modern State[M]. New York: The Falmer Press,1997,146.
④National Council for the Social Studies. Curriculum Standars for the Social Studies[EB/OL]. http://www.socialstudies.org/standards.html,2009-10-12.
⑤Center for Civic Education. National Standars for Civics and Government[EB/OL]. http://www.civiced.org/index.php?page=stds.htmal,2009-10-16.
①Langdon, C,A. The Third Phi Delta Kappa Pool of Teachers Attitudes Toward the Public Schools[J]. Phi Delta Kappan, 1996,(11):244/247/
②Pratte, Richard. The Civic Imperative: Examining the Need for Civic Education[M]. New York: Teachers Collegy Press,1988,12.
③NAEP Civics Consensus Project. Civics Framework for The 1998 National Assessment of Educational Progress[A]. Washington, DC: National Assessment Governing Board, 1996,.ED 407 355.
④R. Freeman Butts. The Revival of Civic Learning: A Rationale for Citizenship Education in Amrican Schools[M]. Bloomington, IND: Phi Delta Kappa Education Foundation, 1980, 121.
①S.H. Engle and Anna S. Ochoa. Education for Democratic Citizenship[M]. New York: Teachers College Press, 1988, 28.
②俞可平.社群主义[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社, 1998, 3.
③俞可平.社群主义[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社, 1998, 72-74
①R. Freeman Butts. The Revival of Civic Learning: A Rationale for Citizenship Education in Amrican Schools[M]. Bloomington, IND: Phi Delta Kappa Education Foundation, 1980, 74.
②张秀雄.公民教育的理论与实施[M].中国台湾:师大书院有限公司,1998. 133.
③[美]玛丽?卢?富勒,葛兰?奥尔森.家庭与学校的联系—如何成功地与家长合作[M].谭君华译.北京:中国轻工业出版社,2003.5.
④Peter W. Cookson. School Choice: The Struggle for the Soul of American Education[M]. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1994, 10.
①Learning in Deed:the Power of Service-learning for American Schools[EB/OL].http://learningindeed.org/slcommission/report.html,2005-5-15.
②Hart, Peter D. Democracy’s Next Generation: A Study of Youth and Teachers[M]. Washington, DC: People for the American Way, 1989.
③National Assessment of Educational Progress. The Civics Report Card[R]. Princeton, NJ: Educational Testing Service, 1990, 13. ED 315 376.
④赵明玉.公民教育视阈中的美国服务学习研究[D]:[硕士学位论文].长春:东北师范大学国际与比较教育研究所,2005.
⑤张秀雄.各国公民教育[M].台北:师大书苑,民国85,141-142.
⑥R. Freeman Butts. The Revival of Civic Learning: A Rationale for Citizenship Education in Amrican Schools[M]. Bloomington, IND: Phi Delta Kappa Education Foundation, 1980, 96.
①赵明玉.公民教育视阈中的美国服务学习研究[D]:[硕士学位论文].长春:东北师范大学国际与比较教育研究所,2005.
②National and Community Service Trust Act of 1993(Enrolled as Agreed to or Passed by Both House and Senate)[EB/OL]. http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/z?c103:H.R.2010.enr.html,2004-12-10.
③赵明玉.公民教育视阈中的美国服务学习研究[D]:[硕士学位论文].长春:东北师范大学国际与比较教育研究所,2005.
④U.S. Department of Education. U.S. DE Strategic Plan 2002-2007[EB/OL]. http://www.ed.gov/pubs/straplan2002-07/index.html,2002-05-14/2002-5-30.
①John J. Chiodo and Leisa A. Martin. What Do Students Have to Say About Citizenship?An Analysis of the Concept of Citizenship Among Secondary Education Students[J]. Journal of social studies research, 2007,29(01):15-21.
②John J. Cogan. Civic Education in the United States: A Brief History[J]. Social Education, Spr/Summ 1999,14 (01):52-64.
③What is Character Education? [EB/OL]. http://www.character.org/site/c.gwKUJhNYJrF/b.1049053/k.66DF/Defining_and_Understanding Character Education.html, 2006-06-08.
④Heslep, Robert D. Moral Education for Americans[M]. Westport, Conn: Praeger Publishers, 1995,2.
①Lickona, T. Educating for Character: How Our School Can Teach Respect and Responsibility[M]. New York: Bantam Books, 1991,23.
②W. Huitt. Moral and Character Education[EB/OL].http://www.valdosta.peachnet.edu/`whutt/psy702/morchr/morchr.html,2007-12-11..
③A Nation At Risk: The Imperative For Educational Reform[EB/OL].. http://www.ed.gov/pubs/NatAtRisk/risk.html.
④Elam, S.M., Lowell, C.R.& Gallup, A.M. Gallup Poll[J]. Phi Delta Kappan,1994,76(1):41-56.
⑤Madonna M. Murphy. Character Education in American’s Blue School: Best Practice for Meeting the Challenge[M]. Lancaster, Penn: Technomic Publishing Company, Inc, 1998,39.
①Mission and Vision Statements: Character Education Partership Mission Statement[EB/OL].http://www.character.org/site/c.ipIJKOEJsG/b.3438943/k.4101/Mission_and Vision_Statements.html,2007-03-12.
②Character Education and Civic Engagement Technical Assistance Center(CETAC) [EB/OL]. http://www.cetac.org/. html,2006-06-05.
③林杰.当代美国品格教育运动述评[D]:[硕士学位论文].济南:山东师范大学教育科学学院, 2006.
④Character Education Manifesto[EB/OL].http://www.bu.edu/sed/caec/files/manifesto.html,2008-12-19.
⑤Charles Helwig, Elliot Turiel & Larry Nucci. Character Education After the Bandwagon has Gone[R]. Symposium Conducted at the Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Chicago, March 1997.
①G.W.Bush. The No Child Left Behind Act[EB/OL]. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No_Child_Left_Behind_Act.
②U.S. Department of Education. U.S. DE Strategic Plan 2002-2007[EB/OL]. http://www.ed.gov/pubs/straplan2002-07/index.html,2002-5-30.
③http://www. charactercounts.org/research/index.html,2010-04-17.
④林杰.当代美国品格教育运动述评[D]:[硕士学位论文].济南:山东师范大学教育科学学院, 2006.
⑤Le Ann Meyer. Programs and Problems: The Citizenship Education Issue[M]. Denver: Education Commission of the States,1979,33.
①[美]沃尔特?帕克.美国中小学社会与公民教育[M].谢竹艳移.南京:江苏教育出版社,2006,3.
②Times Mirror Center for People and the Press. The Age of Indifference[M]. Washington, D.C.: Times Mirror Center for People and the Press, 1999,1.
③The National Assessment of Edcational Progress. The Civics Report Card[R]. Priceton, N.J.: Educational Testing Service,1990, 65.
④National Commission on Social Studies in the Schools. Charting a Course: Social Studies Curriculum for the 21st Century[M]. Washington D.C.: The Curriculum Task Force of the National Commission on Social Science Disciplinary Associations, 1989,3.
⑤Bennett. A Critical Look at Curriculum Goals[J]. Principal, November 1986: 11-15.
①The Bradley Commission on History in Schools. Building a History Curriculum: Guidelines for Teaching History Schools[M]. Westlake, Ohio: The National Council For History Education, Inc.1988,4-7.
②The Bradley Commission on History in Schools. Building a History Curriculum: Guidelines for Teaching History Schools[M]. Washington, DC.: Educational Excellence Network,1988,37.
③NAEP. National Standars for History for Grades k-4: Expanding Children’s World in Time and Space[M]. Los Angeles: National Center for History in the Schools, 1994,1.
④NAEP. U.S. History Framework for the 1994 National Assessment of Education Progress(NAEP)[M]. Washington,D.C.:Department of Education, 1994,18.
①丁尧清.美国标准化运动中的社会科课程改革[J].外国教育研究, 2002,29(09):31-35.
①U.S. Department of Education. U.S. DE Strategic Plan 2002-2007[EB/OL]. http://www.ed.gov/pubs/straplan2002-07/index.html,2002-05-14/2002-5-30.
②代志鹏.解读美国中小学地理课程标准[J].外国中小学教育,2007, (02):41-43.
③John J. Cogan. Civic Education in the United States: A Brief History[J]. Social Education, Spr/Summ 1999,14 (01):52-64.
①William Bennett. A Critical Look at Curriculum Goals[J]. Principal, November 1986: 11-15.
②代志鹏.解读美国中小学地理课程标准[J].外国中小学教育,2007, (02):41-43.
①D. Meinig: The Shaping of America: A Geographic Perspective on 500 Years of American History[M]. New Haven, CT:Yale University Press, 1987,vii.
②John J. Patriek. Geography in History: A Neeessary Connection in the School Curriculum[J]. Bloomington IN: ERIC.Clearinghouse for Social Studies/Social Science Education, 1993,(07):12-19.
①Ravitch, Diane and Chester E. Finn. Jr.. What Do Our 17-Year Olds Know? A Report on the First National Assessment of History and Literature[M]. New York: Harper and Row, 1987, 209-210.
②California State Department of Education. History-Social Science framework for California Public Schools[A]. Sacramento:California State Department of Education,1988.
③陈新民.美国中学社会科中的历史与地理[J].学科教育, 2003,(11):40-43.
①陈新民.美国中学社会科中的历史与地理[J].学科教育, 2003,(11):40-43.
②John J Patrick. Geography in American History[J]. Official Publication of the Illinois Council for the Social Studies,1990,50 Volume:5-15.
①陈新民.美国中学社会科中的历史与地理[J].学科教育, 2003,(11):40-43.
②Nathan Glazer. We Are All Multicuturalists Now[M]. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1997,Preface.
③Gurpreet Mahajan. The Muticultural Path: Issues of Diversity and Discrimination In Democracy[M]. London: Saga Publications, 2002, 15-18.
④R. Freeman Butts. The Revival of Civic Learning: A Rationale for Citizenship Education in Amrican Schools[M]. Bloomington, IND: Phi Delta Kappa Education Foundation, 1980, 10.
①Rudolph Vecoli. Gale Encyclopedia of Muticutural America(Volume I)[M]. New York: Gale Research Inc., 1995, xxii.
②Robert Nisbet. Twilight of Authority[M]. New York: Oxford University Press, 1975,3-5.
③[加拿大]威尔?金里卡.少数的权利——民族主义、多元文化主义和公民[M].上海:世纪出版集团,2005.328-347.
④Kymlicka, Will. Multicutural Citizenship: A Liberal Theory of Minority Rights[M]. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995a,3.
①Gates, H.L. Goodbye, Columbus? Notes on the Culture of Criticism[J]. American Liberary History,1991,(03):711-727.
②Yong, I.M. Justice and the politics of Difference[M]. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1990, 97.
③R. Freeman Butts. The Revival of Civic Learning: A Rationale for Citizenship Education in Amrican Schools[M]. Bloomington, IND: Phi Delta Kappa Education Foundation, 1980, 84.
④[加拿大]威尔?金里卡.少数的权利——民族主义、多元文化主义和公民[M].上海:世纪出版集团,2005.337.
①Gutmann, Amy. Democratic Education[M]. Princeton: Princeton Univetsity Press,1987,51.
②[加拿大]威尔?金里卡.少数的权利——民族主义、多元文化主义和公民[M].上海:世纪出版集团,2005.324-325.
③Banks, J.A. &Clegg, A.A.Jr. Teaching Strategies for the Social Studies: Inquiry, Valuing and Decision-Making[M]. NY: Longman, 2001, 211.
④The Center for Civic Education. The National Standards for Civics and Government[M]. The Center for Civic Education, 5146 Douglas Fir Road, Calabasas, CA91302-1467,2000, 1.
①R. Freeman Butts. The Revival of Civic Learning: A Rationale for Citizenship Education in Amrican Schools[M]. Bloomington, IND: Phi Delta Kappa Education Foundation, 1980, 127-128.
②Le Ann Meyer. Programs and Problems: The Citizenship Education Issue[M]. Denver: Education Commission of the States,1979, 33.
③John Rawls. A Theory of Justice[M]. Cambridge, Mass: Harward University Press, 1971, 5.
①R.Freeman Butts. What Is the Nature of Man?Images of Man in Our American Culture[M]. Philadephia: Christian Education Press, 1959, 146-160.
②John Rawls. A Theory of Justice[M]. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1971, 61.
③John Higham. Integration vs. Pluralism: Another American Dilemma[J]. The Center Magazine, July/August, 1974: 67-73.
④R. Freeman Butts. The Revival of Civic Learning: A Rationale for Citizenship Education in Amrican Schools[M]. Bloomington, IND: Phi Delta Kappa Education Foundation, 1980, 143.
⑤Robert M. Maclver. The Web of Government[M]. New York: Macmillan, 1947, 83.
⑥R. Freeman Butts. The Revival of Civic Learning: A Rationale for Citizenship Education in Amrican Schools[M]. Bloomington, IND: Phi Delta Kappa Education Foundation, 1980, 144.
⑦R. Freeman Butts. The Morality of Democratic Citizenship: Goals for Civic Education in the Republic’s Third Century[M]. Calabasas, California: Center for Civic Education, 1988,161.
①Benjamin R. Barber. Voting is Not Enough[J]. Atlantic Monthly, June 1984: 52-60.
②Law in a Free Society. On Responsibility: A Casebook [M]. Santa Monica,Cal: Law in a Free Society, 1972,1-2.
③R. Freeman Butts. The Revival of Civic Learning: A Rationale for Citizenship Education in Amrican Schools[M]. Bloomington, IND: Phi Delta Kappa Education Foundation, 1980, 157.
④Barbara Ward and Rene Dubos. Only One Earth: The Care and Maintenance of a Small Planet[M]. New York: Norton, 1972,xviii.
①Social Studies 9 and 10. Global Studies: Tentative Syllabus[M]. Albany, N.Y.: New York State Education Department, 1987, 21.
②Patrick, John J. National Standards as Reflectors and Disrectors of Practices in Civic Education in the U.S.A.[C]. International Civic Education Conference Papers, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 1996, 3.
③吕达,周满生.当代外国教育改革著名文献(美国卷?第三册)[M].北京:人民教育出版社,237-238.
④Patrick, John J. National Standards as Reflectors and Disrectors of Practices in Civic Education in the U.S.A.[C]. International Civic Education Conference Papers, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 1996, 5.
①Patrick, John J. National Standards as Reflectors and Disrectors of Practices in Civic Education in the U.S.A.[C]. International Civic Education Conference Papers, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 1996,7-8.
②Center for Civic Education. National Standards for Civics and Government[M]. Calabasas, California: Center for Civic Education, 1994,1
③The Center for Civic Education. The National Standards for Civics and Government[M]. The Center for Civic Education, 5146 Douglas Fir Road, Calabasas, CA91302-1467,2004, 87-88.
④刘军.通过教育捍卫民主——美国中小学公民教育的国家标准[J].开放时代, 2006(06):129-133.
①Patrick, John J. National Standards as Reflectors and Disrectors of Practices in Civic Education in the U.S.A.[C]. International Civic Education Conference Papers, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 1996, 4.
②B. Frank Brown. Education for Responsible Citizesnhip: The Report of the National Task Force on Citizenhsip Education[M]. New York: McGRAW-HILL BOOK COMPANY, 1977, 9.
①高峰.美国公民教育的基本内涵[J].比较教育研究, 2005,(05): 55-60.
②Patrick, John J.The Concept of Citizenship in Education for Democracy[J]. ERIC Digest,1999-08-00,ED432532,1-6.
①Douglas B. Klusmeyer. Between Consent and Descent: Conceptions Of Democratic Citizenship[M]. Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowmnet for Internatioanl Peace, 1996, 97.
①Ibid.,94.
②李道揆.美国政府和美国政治(下册)[M].北京:商务印书馆,1999,797.
①Kirk H. Porter. A history of Suffrage in the United States[M]. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1918,112-134.
①Samuel P. Huntington. The Erosion of American National Interests[J]. Foreign Affairs, New York: Sep/Oct 1997,22-30.
①埃里克?霍布斯鲍姆.民族与民主主义[M].李金梅译.上海:上海人民出版社,2000,108.
②复旦大学美国研究中心.美国研究论文选辑[M].上海:复旦大学出版社,1995,185.
③Derek Heater. A History of Education for Citizenship[M]. London and New York: Routledge Falmer, 2004,156.
①R. Freeman Butts. The Revival of Civic Learning: A Rationale for Citizenship Education in Amrican Schools[M]. Bloomington, IND: Phi Delta Kappa Education Foundation, 1980, 74.
②Center for Civic Education. Report of the Task Force on Civic Education: The Second Annual White House Conference on Character Building for a Democratic,Civic Society[R].1995,3.
③Cogan, John J. Civic Education in the United States: A Brief History[J]. International Journal of Social Education. 1999, Spring/Summer, V.14No.1:52-64.
①唐克军.比较公民教育[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社, 2008, 51-53.
②John J. Cogan & Raymond Derricott. Citizenship for the 21st Century: An International perspective on Education[M]. England: Clays Ltd.St Lves ple. 1998,64-65.
③[美]塞缪尔?P?亨廷顿,[法]米歇尔?克罗齐和[日]绵贯让治.民主的危机——就民主国家的同质能力写给三边委员会的报告[M].北京:求是出版社, 1989, 100-102.
①Isaiah Berlin. Nationalism: Past Neglect and Present Power[J]. Partisan Review,1979,46(No.3):348-356.
①Kerry J. Kennedy. Citizenship Education and the Modern State[M]. New York: The Falmer Press,1997,139-146.
[2]施雪华.政治现代化比较研究[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,2006.
[3]罗荣渠.现代化新论[M].北京:北京大学出版社,1993.
[4][美]西里尔?E?布莱克编.比较现代化[M].杨豫,陈祖洲译.上海:上海译文出版社,1996.
[5][美]塞缪尔?P?亨廷顿.变化社会中的政治秩序[M].王冠华,刘为等译.北京:生活?读书?新知三联书店,1989.
[6]孙立平,谢中立主编.二十世纪西方现代化理论文选[M],上海:上海三联书店,2002.
[7]罗荣渠.现代化新论――世界与中国的现代化进程[M].北京:商务印书馆,2004.
[8]苏振兴主编.拉美国家现代化进程研究[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2006
[9]李庆余,周桂银.美国现代化道路[M].北京:人民出版社,1994.
[10]洪朝辉.社会经济变迁的主题――美国现代化进程新论[M].杭州:杭州大学出版社,1994.
[11]杨会军编.列国志――美国[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2004.
[12][美]C?E?布莱克.现代化的动力[M].段小光译.成都:四川人民出版社.1988.
[13][英]米切尔?黑尧(Michael Hill).现代国家的政策过程[M].赵成根译.北京:中国青年出版社,2004.
[14]施雪华.政治现代化比较研究[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,2006.
[15]孙立平.现代化与社会转型[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2005.
[16]郑永廷.人的现代化理论与实践[M].北京:人民教育出版社,2006.
[17]王潇.全球化时代的中国公民教育[M].福州:福建教育出版社,2005.
[18]韩毅.美国工业现代化的历史进程(1607-1988)[M].北京:经济科学出版社,2007.
[19]中国现代化战略研究课题组,中国科学院中国现代化研究中心.中国现代化报告2003――现代化理论、进程与展望[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2003.
[20]中国现代化战略研究课题组,中国科学院中国现代化研究中心.中国现代化报告2004――地区现代化之路[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2004.
[21]中国现代化战略研究课题组,中国科学院中国现代化研究中心.中国现代化报告2005――经济现代化研究[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2005.
[22]中国现代化战略研究课题组,中国科学院中国现代化研究中心.中国现代化报告2006――社会现代化研究[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2006.
[23]毕道村.现代化本质[M].北京:人民教育出版社,2005.
[24]杨国荣编.现代化过程的人文向度[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,2006.
[25]衣俊卿.现代化与文化阻滞力[M].北京:人民出版社,2005.
[26]曹天予编.现代化、全球化与中国道路[M].北京:社会科学出版社,2003.
[27]于文杰.现代化进程中的人文主义[M].重庆:重庆出版社,2006
[28]北京大学世界现代化进程研究中心主编.现代化研究第一辑[M].北京:商务印书馆,2002.
[29]北京大学世界现代化进程研究中心主编.现代化研究第二辑[M].北京:商务印书馆,2003.
[30]姚蜀平.现代化与文化的变迁[M].西安:陕西科学技术出版社,1988.
[31]章友伦.美国西进运动探要[M].北京:人民教育出版社,2005.
[32]何传启.东方复兴:现代化的第三条道路[M].北京:商务印书馆,2005.
[33]漆思.现代性的命运――现代社会发展理念批判与创新[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2005
[34]张少华.美国早期现代化的两条道路之争[M].北京:北京大学出版社,1996.
[35]费孝通编.社会变迁与现代化[M].上海:上海大学出版社,2002.
[36]文军.承传与创新:现代性、全球化与社会学理论的变革[M].上海:华东师范大学出版社,2003.
[37]张博树.现代性与制度现代化[M].上海:学林出版社,1998.
[38]钱乘旦、杨豫、陈晓律.世界现代化进程[M].南京:南京大学出版社,1997年.
[39]中国美国史研究会.美国现代化历史经验[M].北京:东方出版社,1994.
[40]曾昭耀.政治稳定与现代化[M].北京:东方出版社,1996.
[41][日]塩田长英.现代美国经济论(1960-2000)[M].齐彤译.北京:中国经济出版社,2001.
[1]罗荣渠.“现代化”的历史定位与对现代世界发展的再认识[J].历史研究,1994,(03).
[2]孟庆瑞.现代化理论的研究及评价[J].理论与现代化,2003,(04).
[3]林被甸,董正华.现代化研究在中国的兴起与发展[J].历史研究,1998,(05).
[4]刘祚昌.杰斐逊与美国现代化[J].历史研究,1994,(02).
[5]李庆余.试论关于美国现代化的第三次大辩论[J].历史研究,1998,(108).
[6]刘厚俊.美国经济现代化的世纪回顾及其启示[J].南京社会科学,2000,(07).
[7]刘建芳.美国政府在早期现代化进程中的作用及影响[J].南京社会科学,2001,(06).
[8]马宁.杰斐逊与美国政治现代化[J].安徽文学,2007,(11).
[9]吴海晶.美国政治现代化若干问题探析[J].成都大学学报(社科版),2002,(01).
[10]何欣.简评《美国早期现代化的两条道路之争》[J].美国研究,2002,(02).
[11]牛可.自由国际主义与第三世界――美国现代化理论兴起的历史透视[J].美国研究,2007,(01).
[12]马崇明.国内外现代化理论评述与标准研究[J].广东经济管理干部学院学报(季刊),2002,(04).
[13]姚伟.西方现代化理论及其新趋势[J].理论与现代化,2004,(05).
[14]谢立中.现代化理论的过去与现在[J].社会科学研究,1998,(01).
[15]俞思念,陈平其.西方现代化理论的兴起与演变[J].学习与探索,2005,(06).
[16]杨丽珍.关于罗荣渠先生现代化研究的史学理论思考[D]:[硕士学位论文].北京:首都师范大学历史学系,2005.
[17]袁鹏.现代化理论:从历史的误区到现实的发展――兼评《现代化新论》[J].东北师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版),1996,(05).
[18]徐宗华.现代化概念的创新研究――哲学纬度的本真意蕴[J].社会纵横,2007,22(10).
[19]蔺焕萍.南北战争对美国政治现代化的影响[J].商洛学院学报,2006,20(04).
[1]安东尼?吉登斯.民族-国家与暴力[M].胡宗泽,赵为涛译.北京:生活?读书?新知三联书店,1998.
[2]马克斯?韦伯.民族国家与经济政策[M].甘阳,李强,文一郡等译.北京:生活?读书?新知三联书店.1997.
[3]罗伯特?W?杰克曼.不需暴力的权力[M].欧阳景根译.天津:天津人民出版社,2005.
[4][加拿大]菲利普?汉森(Phillip Hansen).,历史、政治与公民权:阿论特转[M].刘加林译.南京:江苏人民出版社,2004.
[5]钱满素.美国自由主义的历史变迁[M].北京:生活?读书?新知三联书店,2006.
[6]杨心宇编.现代国家的宪政理论研究[M].上海:上海三联书店,2004.
[7][美]梅里亚姆.美国政治思想[M].朱曾汶译.北京:商务印书馆,1984.
[8]钱乘旦编.美国的新保守主义[M].南京:江苏人民出版社,2004.
[9][美]H?S?康马杰.美国精神[M].南木,杨静予,崔妙迎等译.北京:光明日报出版社,1988.
[10][美]雅各布?尼德曼.美国理想:一部文明的历史[M].王聪译.北京:华夏出版社,2004.
[11][美]Robert Isaak.美国政治思想经典文献选读(American Political Thinking: Readings From The Origins to The 21st Century)[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2004.
[12][以色列]耶尔?塔米尔.自由主义的民族主义[M].陶东风译.上海:上海译文出版社,2005.
[13]吴春花编.当代西方自由主义[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2004.
[14][澳大利亚]菲利普?佩迪特著,共和主义:一种关于自由与政府的理论[M],江苏人民出版社,2006.
[15]于海.西方社会思想史[M].上海:复旦大学出版社,2005.
[16][英]霍布豪斯.自由主义[M].朱曾文译.北京:商务印书馆,2005
[17][美]迈克尔?丁?桑德尔.自由主义与正义的局限[M].万俊人,唐文明,张之锋等译.南京:译林出版社,2001.
[18][加拿大]威尔?金里卡.自由主义、社群与文化[M].应奇?葛水林译,上海:上海世纪出版社集团,2005.
[19][英]杰弗里?托马斯.政治哲学与导论[M].顾肃、刘雪梅译.北京:中国人民大学出版社,2006.
[20]贾英健.全球化与民族国家[M].长沙:湖南人民出版社,2003.
[21]郑文.当代美国教育问题透视[M].广州:中山大学出版社,2002.
[22][美]珍妮?H?巴兰坦.美国教育社会学[M].李舒驰,刘慧珍,杨京梅译.北京:春秋出版社,1989.
[23][美]约翰?杜威.民主主义与教育[M].王承绪译.北京:人民教育出版社,1990.
[24][美]迈克尔?帕伦蒂.美国的民主[M].韩建中,杨志荣译.郑州:河南人民出版社,1991.
[25]郭少棠.民族国家与国际秩序――西方政治现代化之路[M].北京:首都师范大学出版社,1998.
[26]王刚义,李敏著.当代民主政治分析[M].长春:吉林大学出版社,1989.
[27][法]米歇尔?克罗齐,[美]塞缪尔?P?亨廷顿.民主的危机[M].马殿军,黄素娟,邓梅译.北京:求实出版社,1989.
[28][英]埃里克?霍布斯鲍姆.民族与民族主义[M].李金梅译.上海:上海人民出版社,2000.
[29]辛世俊.公民权利意识研究[M].郑州:郑州大学出版社,2006.
[30]时延春编.公民政治素质研究[M].郑州:郑州大学出版社,2005.
[31]杨玉圣.中国人的美国观――一个历史的考察[M].上海:复旦大学出版社.1996.
[32][美]罗伯特?A?达尔.现代政治分析[M].王沪宁,陈峰等译.上海:上海译文出版社,1987.
[33][美]迈耶,伯内特,奥格登.比较政治学:变化世界中的国家和理论[M].罗飞等译.北京:华夏出版社,2001.
[34]胡启生.海洋秩序与民族国家――海洋政治地理视角中的民族国家构建分析[M].哈尔滨:黑龙江人民出版社,2003.
[35]宁骚.民族与国家――民族关系与民族政策的国际比较[M].北京:北京大学出版社,1995.
[36]徐迅.民族主义[M].北京:北京社会科学出版社,1998.
[37]王列,杨雪冬.全球化与世界[M].北京:中央编译出版社,1998.
[38]Raymond Vernon.Sovereignty at Bay:the Multinational Spread of U.S. Enterprises[M].New York:Basic Books, 1971.
[39]王希恩.民族过程与国家[M].兰州:甘肃人民出版社,1998.
[40]韦定广.全球化与世界政治发展[M].北京:中央编译出版社,2004.
[41]戴维?伊斯顿.政治生活的系统分析[M].王浦劬等译.北京:华夏出版社,1989.
[42][美]塞缪尔?P?亨廷顿.我们是谁:美国国家特性面临的挑战[M].程克雄译.北京:新华出版社,2005.
[43][法]托克维尔.论美国的民主(上下卷)[M].董果良译.北京:商务印书馆,1997.
[44]Michael Lind.The Next American Nation, The New Nationalism and the Fourth American Revolution[M]. The Free Press,New York,1995.
[45]李道揆.美国政府和美国政治(下册)[M].北京:商务印书馆,1999.
[1]徐勇.“回归国家”与现代国家的建构[J].东南学术,2006,4.
[2]徐勇.现代国家建构与土地制度变迁――写在《物权法》讨论通过之际[J].河北学刊,2007,27(2).
[3]徐勇.现代国家建构中的非均衡性和自主性分析[J].华中师范大学学报(人文社会科学版),2003,42(5).
[4]慕良泽,高秉雄.现代国家构建:多纬视角的述评[J].政治学研究,2007,1.
[5]叶本乾.现代国家构建中的均衡性分析:三维视角[J].东南学术,2006,4.
[6]樊红敏.传统中国政治结构与现代国家转型-韦伯的制度主义分析[J].求索,2006,1.
[7]张友伦.美国民主制度的形成、发展和问题[J].历史研究,1996,(02).
[8]周琪.美国对西方近代民主制的贡献:代议制民主[J].美国研究,1994,(04).
[9]张毅.美国民主政体的起源:从美国何以会有国会谈起[J].美国研究,1989,(03).
[10]魏燕.略论美国民主制度建立过程中的文化因素[J].江苏社会科学,2003,(05):74-77.
[11]谢岳.公共舆论:美国民主的社会基础[J].江苏社会科学,2002(04),123-129.
[12]谢小九.美利坚民族意识形成的历史探讨[J].淮北煤师院学报(社会科学版),1994,(02):88-94.
[13]李兰.国家民族主义:美国称霸全球的内在情结[J].高等函授学报(哲学社会科学版),2006,19(02):14-16.
[14]曹瑞臣.现代化进程中的民族主义――美国民族主义的历史轨迹[J].世界民族,2004,(03):14-22.
[1]张秀雄编.公民教育的理论与实施[M].台湾:师大书苑有限公司发行,1998年.
[2][美]孟利欧.美国公民教育[M].严菊生译.北京:商务印书馆,1937.
[3][美]沃尔特?C.帕克(Walter C. Parker).美国小学社会与公民教育[M].谢竹艳译.南京:江苏教育出版社,2006.
[4]王文岚.社会科课程中的公民教育研究[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2006.
[5]David Snedden.Civic Education Sociological Foundations and Courses[M]. New York: World Book Company, Yonkers-on-Hudson, 1922.
[6]William G.Carr.Education for World-Citizenship[M]. CALIFORNIA:STANFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS, STANFORD UNIVERSITY, 1928.
[7]Clyde B. Moore.Citizenship Through Education[M]. New York: Ameican Book Company, 1929.
[8]Charies Clinton,Peters.Objectives and Procedures in Civic Education: An Intensive Study in Curriculum Construction[M] . NEW YORK:LONGMANS,GREEN AND CO., 1930.
[9]Diemer and Mullen.Pupil Citizenship[M].New Yok:World Book Company, 1930.
[10]David Snedden. Educations for Political Citizenship:A Critical Analysis of Certain Unsolved Problems of School Education Towards Superior Memberships in Democratic Political Societies[M].NEW YORK CITY:BUREAU OF PUBLICATIONS, 1932.
[11]Bessie Louise Pierce.Citizens Organizations and Civic Training of Youth[M].New York:CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS, 1933.
[12]Charles E.Merriam.Civic Education in the United States[M].New York:CHARLES SCRIBNER’SSONS, 1934.
[13]Vernon Jones.Character and Citizenship Training in the Public School: An Experimental Study of Three Specific Methods[M].CHICAGO,ILLINOIS:The UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO PRESS, 1936.
[14]John J.Mahoney.For Us The Living: An Approach to Civic Education[M].New York: HARPER&BROTHERS,1945.
[15] Mary F. Berry.Military Neccessity and Civil Right Policy Black Citizenship and the Constitution 1861-1868[M], Washington: KENNIKAT PRESS, 1977.
[16]B.Frank Brown.Education for Responsible Citizenship:The Report of the National Task Force on Citizenship Education[M], New York: McGRAW_HILL BOOK COMPANY, 1977.
[17]James H.Kettner, The Development of American Citizenship 1608-1870[M],The University of North Carolina ress,Chapel,North Carolina,1980
[18]R.Freeman Butts.The Morality of Democratic citizenship:Goals for Civic Education in the Republic’s Third Century[M] . California:Center for Civic Education,1988.
[19]R.Freeman.Butts.The Civic Mission in Educational Reform Perspectives for the Public and the Profession [M]. Stanford University, Stanford, California:HOOVER INSTITUTION PRESS, 1989.
[20]Charles F.Bahmueller.Civitas:A Framework for Civic Education[M]. Calabasas,CA:Center for Civic Education,1991.
[21]Norman H.Nie,Jane Jumn,Kenneth Stehlik-Barry.Education and Democratic Citizenship in America[M].Chicago:The University of Chicago Press, 1996.
[22]Carlos Alberto Torres.Democracy, Education ,and multiculturalism: Dilemmas of Citizenship in a Global World[M]. New York:ROWMAN&LITTLEFILD PUBLISHERS,INC. 1998.
[23]Kenneth W.Tolo.An Assessment of We the People…Project Citizen:Promoting Citizenship in Classrooms and Communities[M].The University of Texas at Austin, USA:Office of Publication,Lyndon B.Johnson School of Public Affairs, 1998.
[24]Edited by John J Cogan and Ray Deriicott.Citizenship for the 21st Century: An International Perspective on Education[M]. 120 Pentonville Road,London N1 9JN:Kogan Page Limited, 1998.
[25]B.Edward Mcclellan.Moral Education in America Schools and the Shaping of Character for Colonial Fimes to the Present[M]. New York :Teachers College, Columbia University, 1999.
[26] Kenneth W.Tolo.The Civil Education of American Youth From State Policies to School District Practices[M]. The University of Texas at Austin, USA:Office of Publication,Lyndon B.Johnson School of Public Affairs, 1999.
[27]Richard G. Niemi and Chris Chapman.The Civic Development of 9th-Through 12th-Grade Students in the United States: 1996[M].Washington,DC:US. Department of Education ,National Center for Education Statistics. 1999.
[28]Kenneth W.Tolo.Prevention of School Violence through Civic Education Curricula:Year one of a National Demonstration Program[M]. The University of Texas at Austin, USA:Office of Publication,Lyndon B.Johnson School of Public Affairs, 2000.
[29]Peter H. Martorella,Candy.Social Studies for Elementary School Classrooms: Preparing Children to Be Global Citizens[M]. New Jersey:R..R..Donnelley&Sons Company,Upper Saddle River, 2002.
[30]Michael Williams and Graham Humphrys.Citizenship Education and Lifelong learning: Power and Place[M].New York:Nova Science Publisher,Inc., 2002.
[31]David Scott and Helen Lawson.Citizenship Education and the Curriculum[M].88 Post Road West, Westport.CT 06881, USA:Ablex Publishing, 2002.
[32]Audrey Osler and Kerry Vincent, Citizenship and the Challenge of Global Education[M]. Storke on trent,Uk and Sterling,USA:Trentham Books,2002.
[33]Walter C.Parker.Teaching Democracy: Unity and Diversity in Public Life[M]. New York:Teachers College, Columbia University, 2003.
[34]Derek Heater.A Brief History of Citizenship[M]. Washington Square,New Yok,NY 10003:NewYork University Press, 2004.
[35]Audrey Osler, Hugh Starkey.Changing citizenship Democracy and Inclusion in Education[M]. USA: Open University Press,2004.
[36]Kerry J. Kennedy.Ctizenship Education and the Modern State[M]. London?Washington, D.C.:The Falmer Press, 1997.
[37][美]S`?E?弗罗斯特.西方教育历史和哲学基础[M].吴元训等译.北京:华夏出版社,1987,378.
[38][美]Madonna M.Murphy.美国“蓝带学校”的品性教育[M].周玲等译.北京:中国轻工业出版社,2002,21.
[1]袁利平.美国学校公民教育的历史演进与实践改革[D]:[硕士学位论文].兰州:西北师范大学教育学院,2005.
[2]于海静.美国公民教育的历史沿革、现状与发展趋势[J].外国教育研究,2004,3.
[3]李景丽.今日美国大学的道德和公民教育――关于大学道德和公民教育的若干争论[J].高等教育研究, 2004,1.
[4]王红.美国公民教育的目标、内容、途径与方法综述[J].外国教育研究,2004,3.
[5]赵明玉.公民教育视阈中的美国服务学习研究[D]:[硕士学位论文].长春:东北师范大学国际与比较教育研究所,2005.
[6]曹蓉玫.美国的“公民教育”及其启示[J].南昌大学学报(人文版).2004,35(4).
[7]高峰.美国公民教育的基本内涵[J].比较教育研究,2005,5.
[8]于伟、刘冰.美国学校公民教育的基本特征[J].外国教育研究,2003,9.
[9]冯振业、刘世丽.战后美国公民教育的嬗变及启示[J].外国教育研究,2004,4.
[10]孙伟国.政治社会化取向的美国公民教育[J].外国教育研究,2007,3.
[11]曹润花.美国公民教育的现状及值得思考的问题[J].山西高等学校社会科学学报, 2007,5.
[12]张鸿燕.美国公民教育的特点及其发展趋势[J].首都师范大学学报(社会科学版), 2007,1.
[13]苏榕娜.美国公民道德教育的特点[J].教育评论, 2006,5.
[14]唐克军.美国高校道德与公民教育的成功之道[J].思想理论教育,2006,17.
[15]刘向荣.美国高校公民教育面临的挑战与对策[J].比较教育研究,2006,6.
[16]徐文.美国的学校公民教育及对我国的启示[J].前沿,2006,3.
[17]袁利平.20世纪80年代以来的美国学校公民教育:嬗变与愿景[J].内蒙古师范大学学报(教育科学版).2006,1.
[18]李曼丽.今日美国大学的道德和公民教育——课程与教学[J].高等教育研究, 2004,2.
[19]李曼丽.今日美国大学的道德和公民教育——关于大学道德和公民教育的若干争论[J].高等教育研究, 2004,1.
[20]王红.美国公民教育的目标、内容、途径与方法综述[J].外国教育研究, 2004,3.
[21]于伟.美国学校公民教育的基本特征[J].外国教育研究,2003,9.
[22]林群.美国公民道德教育的现实思考[J].沈阳师范学院学报(社会科学版), 2002,3.
[23]郑航.美国社会文化变迁与中小学公民教育[J].外国中小学教育, 2001,2.
[24]高峰.美国人公民意识的演进[J].首都师范大学学报(社会科学版),1999,(03). [25John J.Chiodo and Leisa A.Martin.What do Students Have to Say About Citizenship? An Analysis of the Concept of Citizenship Among Secondary Education students[J].Journal of Social studies Research, 2005, 29(1): 23-31.
[26]Butts, R.Freeman and Others. History of Citizen Education Colloquim Papers[C].Philadelphia,Pennsylvania:Research for Better Schools,Inc,April 19-20,1978. Document Resume.
[27]Butts R.freeman.Education for Civitas: The Lessons Americans Must Learn[J]. ERIC,1997.
[28]Walter C. Parker.Educating Democractic Citizens: A Broad View[J].Theory into Practice, 2001, 40(1).
[29]Quigley,Charles N.; Branson, Margaret S,; Craig, Elaine. Issues Concerning a National Assessment of Civics[G]. National Asseement of Educational Progress(NAEP), Cernter for Civic Educatiion, 1995-05-00. Document Resume.
[30]Patrick John J..The Concept of Citizenship in Education for Democracy[J].Eric Digest,1999.
[31]Quigley,Charles N.. Civitas an International Civic Education Exchange Program[J]. Internatioanl Journal of Social Education,1997,12(2):11-26.
[32]Quigley,Charles N.. Response to Findings of the NAEP 1998 Civics Report Card to the Nation[G].Center for Civic Education, 1999-11-11. Document Resume.
[33]Butts, R. Freeman. The revial of Civic Learning Requires a Prescribed Curriculum[J].Liberal Education, 1982,68(4).
[34] Butts, R. Freeman. The revial of Civic Learning: A rationale for the Education of Citizens[J].Social Education, 1979-05.
[35]Butts, R. Freeman. Curriculum for the Educated Citizen[G].the Fourth General Session of the ASCD Annual Conference in Atlanta, 1980. Document Resume.
[36]John J. Cogan. Citizenship Theory Bibliography: A Publication of the Citizenship Education Policy Study[G],1996. Document Resume.
[37]Patrick, John J..Civil society in Democracy’s Third Wave: Implications for Civic education[G]. ED406 297, Sep 96,Documment Resume.
[38]Patrick, John J., Education for Civic Engagement in Democracy: service Learning and other Promising Practices[J]. ERIC Clearinghouse for social studies,2000-00-00.
[39]Patrick, John J., Improving Civic Education in Schools[J]. ERIC Dgest, ERIC Clearinghouse for Social Studies, 2000-10-00
[40]I. Davis & M.Evans. Encouraging Active Citizenship[J].Educational Review,2002,54(1).
[41]王淑芹,王爱霞.美国中小学公民教育课程透析[J].教育实践与研究(小学版).2005,Z1期.
[42]Patrick,John J.Ten Trens in Education for Democracy in America[G].Document Resume.ERIC,2002-12-09,1-5.
[43]李治德.论公民教育内容德理论框架[J].教育学(人大复印资料),2005,(09).
①[美]约翰?杜威.民主主义与教育[M].王承绪译.北京:人民教育出版社,1990,92.
②[美]Madonna M.Murphy.美国“蓝带学校”的品性教育[M].周玲等译.北京:中国轻工业出版社,2002,21.
①钱乘旦、杨豫、陈晓律.世界现代化进程[M].南京:南京大学出版社,1997,“代序”,5.
②罗荣渠.现代化新论[M].北京:北京大学出版社,1993,序言,2-3.
③[美]西里尔?E?布莱克编.比较现代化[M].杨豫,陈祖洲译.上海:上海译文出版社,1996,“译者前言”,7.
①施雪华.政治现代化比较研究[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,2006,1.
②洪朝辉.社会经济变迁的主题――美国现代化进程新论[M].杭州:杭州大学出版社,1994,导言,1.
③李庆余,周桂银.美国现代化道路[M].北京:人民出版社,1994,前言.
①韩毅.美国工业现代化的历史进程(1607-1988)[M].北京:经济科学出版社,2007,7.
①杨玉圣.中国人的美国观――一个历史的考察[M].上海:复旦大学出版社.1996,288.
①张少华.美国早期现代化的两条道路之争[M].北京:北京大学出版社,1996,38.
②安东尼?吉登斯.民族-国家与暴力[M].胡宗泽,赵为涛译.北京:生活?读书?新知三联书店,1998,20.
③王列,杨雪冬.全球化与世界[M].北京:中央编译出版社,1998,123.
④胡启生.海洋秩序与民族国家――海洋政治地理视角中的民族国家构建分析[M].哈尔滨:黑龙江人民出版社,2003,序言,2.
①[法]托克维尔.论美国的民主(上下卷)[M].董果良译.北京:商务印书馆,1997,译者前言iv.
①同上, 61.
②同上, 320.
③同上, 358.
④[美]迈克尔?帕伦蒂.美国的民主[M].韩建中,杨志荣译.郑州:河南人民出版社,1991,3.
①[美]塞缪尔?P?亨廷顿.我们是谁:美国国家特性面临的挑战[M].程克雄译.北京:新华出版社,2005,90-91.
②[法]米歇尔?克罗齐,[美]塞缪尔?P?亨廷顿.民主的危机[M].马殿军,黄素娟,邓梅译.北京:求实出版社,1989,58-97.
③[美]约翰?杜威.民主主义与教育[M].王承绪译.北京:人民教育出版社,1990,92.
①张毅.美国民主政体的起源:从美国何以会有国会谈起[J].美国研究,1989,(03):43-47.
②周琪.美国对西方近代民主制的贡献:代议制民主[J].美国研究,1994,(04):23-27.
③张友伦.美国民主制度的形成、发展和问题[J].历史研究,1996,(02):22-28.
④魏燕.略论美国民主制度建立过程中的文化因素[J].江苏社会科学,2003,(05):74-77.
⑤谢岳.公共舆论:美国民主的社会基础[J].江苏社会科学,2002(04),123-129.
①曹瑞臣.现代化进程中的民族主义――美国民族主义的历史轨迹[J].世界民族,2004,(03):14-22.
②李兰.国家民族主义:美国称霸全球的内在情结[J].高等函授学报(哲学社会科学版),2006,19(02):14-16.
①Cogan and Derricott, Citizenship for the 21st Century: an International Perspective on Education[M].120 Pentonville Road,London N1 9JN:Kogan Page Limited,1998,12.
②[美]沃尔特?C.帕克(Walter C. Parker).美国小学社会与公民教育[M].谢竹艳译.南京:江苏教育出版社,2006, 4.
①同上,序ii
②同上,63
③John.J.Patrick J.Ten Trens in Education for Democracy in America[G].Document Resume.ERIC,2002-12-09,1-5.
④张秀雄编.公民教育的理论与实施[M].台湾:师大书苑有限公司发行,1998年,89.
①Richard G. Niemi and Chris Chpman,The Civic development of 9th-Through 12-Grade students in the United States:1996[M]. Washington,DC:US. Department of Education ,National Center for Education Statistics,1999,12.
②Patrick John J..The Concept of Citizenship in Education for Democracy[J].Eric Digest,1999,(06):22-27.
①罗荣渠.现代化新论[M].北京:北京大学出版社,1993,16-17.
②文军.传承与创新:现代性、全球化与社会学理论的变革[M].上海:华东师范大学出版社,2004,30.
③文军.传承与创新:现代性、全球化与社会学理论的变革[M].上海:华东师范大学出版社,2004,37.
①徐勇.现代国家建构中的非均衡性和自主性分析[J].华中师范大学学报(人文社会科学版),2003,42(05):97-103.
②赵明玉,饶从满.现代化进程中的国家建构与公民教育[J].比较教育研究, 2008,(05):1-5.
③Marshall, T.H. and Bottonmore, T. Citizenship and Social Class[M]. London and Concord, MA: Pluto Press, 1992,24.
④Marshall, T.H. and Bottonmore, T. Citizenship and Social Class[M]. London and Concord, MA: Pluto Press, 1992,24.
⑤赵明玉,饶从满.现代化进程中的国家建构与公民教育[J].比较教育研究, 2008,(05):1-5.
⑥托马斯?雅诺斯基.公民与公民社会[M].沈阳:辽宁教育出版社,2002,293-294.
①McLaughlin, T. H.. Citizenship,Diversity and Education: A Philosophical Perspective[J]. Journal of Moral Education,1992, 21(03):28-34.
②托马斯?雅诺斯基.公民与公民社会[M].柯雄译.沈阳:辽宁教育出版社,2000,214-265.
①Conceptual Framework for an Analysis of Citizenship in the Liberal Democracies[EB/OL].http://canada.metropolis.net/research-policy/cern-pub/relatedstudies/Name-me2.pdf, 2007-09-18.
①饶从满,陈以藏.全球化与公民教育:挑战与回应[J].外国教育研究,2006,(01):45-51.
②徐勇.“回归国家”与现代国家的建构[J].东南学术,2006,(04):18-27.
③徐勇.现代国家建构中的非均衡性和自主性分析[J].华中师范大学学报(人文社会科学版),2003,42(05):97-103.
①徐勇.“回归国家”与现代国家的建构[J].东南学术,2006,(04):18-27.
②[英]安东尼·吉登斯.民族国家与暴力[M].北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店,1998,141-147.
③徐勇.“回归国家”与现代国家的建构[J].东南学术,2006,(04):18-27.
④马克思恩格斯选集(第1卷)[M].北京:人民出版社,1995,274-276.
⑤斯大林.斯大林选集(上卷)[M].北京:人民出版社,1995,64.
①[英]安迪?格林.教育、全球化与民族国家[M].北京:教育科学出版社,2004.144-145.
①埃利亚斯.文明的进程(II)[M].北京:三联书店,1999,129.
②John A. Hall & C. John Ikenberry. The State[M]. University of Minnesota Press,1989,1-2.
③[美]艾恺.世界范围内的反现代化思潮[M].贵阳:贵州人民出版社,1991,18-29.
④孙立平.社会现代化[M].北京:华夏出版社.1988,191.
①安东尼?吉登斯.民族-国家与暴力[M].胡宗泽,赵为涛译.北京:生活?读书?新知三联书店,1998,20.
①Levin M. The spectre of democracy[M]. Macmillan Acdemic and Professional Ltd. 1992,34-35.
②David Potter,ed. Democratization[M]. New York: Polity Press,1997,6.
③中国百科全书(政治学)[M].北京:中国大百科全书出版社,1996,251.
④张琢,马福云.发展社会学[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2001,1.
①Danicl Lerner. The Passing of Traditional Society[M]. Glencoe: Free Press, 1958, 438.
②张铭,侯焕春.合法性证明与后现代政治哲学[J].学海,2002(03):106-110.
③[美]塞缪尔·P·亨廷顿.变动社会的政治秩序[M].张岱云等译.上海:上海译文出版社,1989,出版说明, 3.
④[美]塞缪尔·P·亨廷顿.变动社会的政治秩序[M].张岱云等译.上海:上海译文出版社,1989,出版说明, 2.
⑤徐勇.“回归国家”与现代国家的建构[J].东南学术,2006(04):18-27.
①[美]约翰·罗尔斯.政治自由主义[M].万俊人译.南京:译林出版社,2000,217-218.
②[美]加布里埃尔·A·阿尔蒙德,西德尼·维伯.公民文化——五个国家的政治态度和民主制[M].徐湘林译.北京:华夏出版社,1989,267.
③塞缪尔·亨廷顿.变化社会中的秩序[M].张岱云等译.上海:上海译文出版社,1989,7.
④J. A. K. Thomson. The Ethics of Aristotle[M]. Harmandsworth: Penguin, 1955, IX.6.
①刘军宁.民主与民主化[M].北京:商务印书馆,1999,311-312.
②徐迅.民族主义[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2005,40.
③[英]安东尼·吉登斯.民族—国家与暴力[M].胡宗泽译.北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店,1998,147.
④徐勇.现代国家建构与土地制度变迁[J].河北学刊,2007,27(02),58-63.
⑤[美]科恩.论民主[M].聂崇信,朱秀贤译.北京:商务印书馆,1988,44.
⑥[美]科恩.论民主[M].聂崇信,朱秀贤译.北京:商务印书馆,1988,46.
①[美]科恩.论民主[M].北京:商务印书馆,1988,289.
②埃里克·霍布斯鲍姆.民族与民族主义[M].李金梅译.上海人民出版社,2006,82.
③[法]托克维尔.论美国的民主(上卷)[M].董果良译.北京:商务印书馆,1997,268-271.
①西奥多·A·库隆比斯,詹姆斯·H·沃尔夫.国际关系导论:强权与公理[M].刘东译.北京:北京大学出版社,1982,16.
②[英]安东尼·吉登斯.民族—国家与暴力[M].胡宗泽译.北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店,1998,262.
①[美]杜赞奇.文化、权力与国家[M].王福明译.南京:江苏人民出版社,2004,2.
②王文岚.社会科课程中的公民教育研究[D]. [博士学位论文].兰州:西北师大. 2004.
①成有信.公民?公民素养?公民教育[J].北京师范大学学报(社科版),1996,(05):76-79.
②王文岚.社会科课程中的公民教育研究[D]. [博士学位论文].兰州:西北师大. 2004.
③蓝维,高峰,吕秋芳.公民教育:理论、历史与实践探索[M].北京:人民出版社,2007, 86.
④法学词典(修订版)[M].上海:上海辞书出版社,1984,142.
⑤袁立平.美国学校公民教育的历史演进与实践改革[D]:[硕士学位论文].兰州:西北师大,2005.
⑥刘德建.公民教育——中国当代教育的转型[D]:[硕士学位论文].开封:河南大学,2003.
①袁立平.美国学校公民教育的历史演进与实践改革[D]:[硕士学位论文].兰州:西北师大,2005.
②蓝维,高峰,吕秋芳.公民教育:理论、历史与实践探索[M].北京:人民出版社,2007, 32.
③Richard Gross E, Thomas Dynneson L. Social Science Perspectives on Citizenship Education[M]. New York: Teachers College Press,1991.6.引自王文岚.社会科课程中的公民教育研究[D]. [博士学位论文].兰州:西北师大. 2004.
④张秀雄.公民教育的理论与实践[M].台北:台北师大书苑公司,1986,6.
⑤David Kerr. Citizenship: Local, National and International[C]. London: Routledge Falmer, 2003, 7.
①袁立平.美国学校公民教育的历史演进与实践改革[D]:[硕士学位论文].兰州:西北师大,2005.
②MacLaughlin, T.H.. Citizenship,Diversity and Education: A Philosophical Perspective[J]. Journal of Moral Educaton. 1992, 21(03):235-250.
③David Kerr. Citizenship Education: an International Comparison[EBOL]. http://www.inca.org.uk/pdf/citizenship_no_intro.pdf,2007-04-04
④David Kerr. Citizenship Education: an International Comparison[EBOL]. ttp://www.inca.org.uk/pdf/citizenship_no_intro.pdf,2007-04-04.
①布莱克维尔政治学百科全书[M].北京:中国大学出版社,1992,490.
②[美]艾恺.世界范围内的反现代化思潮[M].贵阳:贵州人民出版社,1991,17-20.
③Anthony D. Smith. National Identity[M]. Las Vegas: University of Nevada Press,1991,141.
①[美]本尼迪科特?安德森.想象的共同体:民族主义的起源与散步[M].吴叡人译.上海:上海世纪出版集团,2003,6.
②赵海立.政治合法性理论及其分析架构[J].厦门大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2004,(05),42-48.
③[美]塞缪尔?亨廷顿.我们是谁?——美国国家特性面临的挑战[M].北京:新华出版社,2005,90.
①Alfred Marshall. Citizenship and Social Class[M]. Chicago: University of Chicago Press,1950,84.
②赵明玉.法国公民教育述评[J].外国教育研究,2004,(06):11-14.
③R.Freeman Butts. The Revival of Civic Learning: A Rationale for Citizenship Education in American Schools[M]. Bloomington IND: Phi Delta Kappa Educational Foundation,1980,54.
④蓝维,高峰,吕秋芳等.公民教育:理论、历史与实践探索[M].北京:人民出版社,2007,202.
⑤冯增俊.亚洲“四小龙”学校道德教育研究[M].福州:福建教育出版社,1998,233.
⑥E.J.Hobsbawn. The Age of Capital[M]. London: Random House Inc ,1977:120.
①Callan, Eamonn. Beyond Sentimental Civic Education[J].American Journal of Education,1994(102):190-221.
②[加拿大]威尔?金里卡.少数的权利―民族主义、多元文化主义和公民[M].邓红风译.上海:上海译文出版社,2005, 346.
①迈克尔?罗斯金.政治科学[M].林震译.北京:华夏出版社, 2001, 143.
②蓝瑛波.俄罗斯的爱国主义教育[J].中国青年研究,2006(06):86-87.
③Barber,Benjamin. Strong Democracy[M]. Berkeley:University of California Press, 1984,117.
①托克维尔.论美国的民主[M].董果良译.北京:商务印书馆,1988,357.
②罗伯特?达尔.论民主[M].北京:商务印书馆,1999,165.
③科恩.论民主[M].聂崇信,朱秀贤译.北京:商务印书馆,1988,10.
④科恩.论民主[M].聂崇信,朱秀贤译.北京:商务印书馆,1988,12-27.
①[美]约翰?罗尔斯.政治自由主义[M].万俊人译.南京:译林出版社,2000,217-218.
②[美]加布里埃尔?A?阿尔蒙德,西德尼?维伯.公民文化——五个国家的政治态度和民主制[M].徐湘林译.北京:华夏出版社,1989,550.
①Jan Steutel and Ben Spiecker. The Aims of Civic Education in a Multicultural Democracy(A). Mal Leicester, Celia Modgil and Sohan Modgil(ed): Politics, Education and Citizenship(C). Falmer Press, 2000, 245-248.
②柏拉图.理想国[M].北京:商务印书馆,1986,138.
③亚里士多德.政治学[M].北京:商务印书馆,1965,7.
④克洛德?德尔马.欧洲文明[M].上海:上海人民出版社,1988,275.
⑤乔治?凯兴斯泰纳.凯兴斯泰纳教育论著选[M].北京:人民出版社, 1993, 213.
⑥J. Orville Taylor. The District School[M]. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1835, 24.
⑦赵明玉.法国公民教育述评[J].外国教育研究, 2004,(06): 11-14.
①蓝维,高峰,吕秋芳.公民教育:理论、历史与实践探索[M].北京:人民出版社, 2007,97-98.
②[英]帕特丽夏?怀特.公民品德与公共政策[M].朱红文译.北京:教育科学出版社, 1998, 18-19.
③张秀雄.公民教育的理论与实践[M].台湾:台北师大书苑, 1998, 92.
④Dalton,R.J. Citizen Politics in Western Democracies[M]. Public Opinion and Political Parties in the United States, Great Britain,Germany, and France, Chatham, New Jersey:Chatham House Pubilshers, Inc. 1998, 1.
⑤巴巴利特.公民资格[M].谈谷铮译.台北市:桂冠, 1991, 2.
⑥Veldhuis, Ruud. Education for Democratic Citizenship: Dimensions of Citizenship, Core Competencies, Variables, and International Activities.Strasburg, 25 November 1997, DECS/CIT(97)23.
①弗兰克·B·布朗(Frank B. Brown).美国的公民教育[M].陈光辉译.中国台北:东大图书公司, 1988, 9.
②汪凌.法国普通高中公民教育课程[J].全球教育展望, 2001(07): 54-59.
③[美]加布里埃尔?A.阿尔蒙德,西德尼?维伯.公民文化——五个国家的政治态度和民主制[M].徐湘林译.华夏出版社, 1989, 497-517.
④Kerry J Kennedy, Edited. Citizenship Education and the Modern State[M]. New York:The Falmer Pess,1977,139-146.
⑤Richard Pratte. The Civic Imperative: Examining the Need for Civic Education[M]. New York: Teachers College, Columbia University, 1998,49.
⑥Report of the Task Force on Civic Education: The Second Annual White House Conference on Character Building for a Democractic, Civic Society[R].1995,3.
①吕达,周满生.当代外国教育改革著名文献(美国卷?第一册)[M].北京:人民教育出版社, 2004, 15.
②DfES/QCA(1999). The National Curriculum for England[EB/OL].http://curriculum.qca.org.uk/uploads/Aims_of_the_curriculum_tcm8-1812.pdf?return=/key-stages-3-and-4/aims/index.aspx.pdf. 2008-05-2.
③[美]科尔伯格.道德教育的哲学[M].杭州:浙江教育出版社, 2003, 203.
④Meyers, Susan. Service Learning In Alternative Education Settings. Clearing House, Nov/Dec99, Vol. 73 Issue2:114-117.
⑤Qualifications and Curriculum Authority. Education for Citizenship and the Teaching of Democracy in Schools[EB/OL].http://www.qca.org.uk/downloads/6123_crick_report_1998.pdf, 2007-6-21.7-8.
⑥North Tyneside TIPD Study Visit: Citizenship education [EB/OL]. http://www.norham.n-tyneside.sch.uk/citizen/photo.htm.
①饶从满.主动公民教育:国际公民教育发展的新走向[J].比较教育研究, 2006(07): 1-5.
②Ichilov,O.(ed.).Citizenship and Citizenship Education in a Changing World[M]. London and Portland, OR: Woburn Press,1998,80.
③秦树理.国外公民教育概览[M].郑州:郑州大学出版社,2005,34-38.
④秦树理.国外公民教育概览[M].郑州:郑州大学出版社,2005,52-55.
⑤郜影.浅析美国实施公民教育的主要途径[J].科技信息(学术研究),2007,(19):145-149.
①郭少棠.民族国家与国家秩序——西方政治现代化之路[M].北京:首都师范大学出版社,1998,27.
②严维明.比较美国学[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,1999,55.
③马克思恩格斯选集(第3卷).北京:人民出版社,1995,524.
④亚里士多德.政治学[M].吴寿彭译.北京:商务印书馆,1981,113.
⑤让—皮埃尔?威尔南.希腊思想的起源[M].北京:生活?读书?新知三联书店,1996,37.
⑥希罗多德.历史(第三卷)[M].北京:商务印书馆,1959,80.
①亚里士多德.政治学[M].吴寿彭译.北京:商务印书馆,1981,189.
②亚里士多德.政治学[M].北京:商务印书馆,1986,362-364.
③[古希腊]修昔底德.伯罗奔尼撒战争史[M].北京:商务印书馆,1995,130.
①李灿.西方混合政体思想的演变[EB/OL]. http://lican8341.blog.163.com/blog/static/96561527201019101925754.html,2010-04-20.
②西塞罗(Cicero).论共和国(The Republic)[M].王焕生译.上海:上海人民出版社,75.
③[古罗马]西塞罗.论共和国,论法律[M].王焕生译.北京:中国政法大学出版社, 1997, 270.
④[美]C?H?麦基文.宪政古今[M].翟小波译.贵阳:贵州人民出版社, 2004, 30.
①Battenhouse. R.W. A Companion to the Study of St. Augustine[M]. New York: Oxford University Press, 1956,4.
②奥古斯丁.上帝之城[M].台湾:台北辅仁大学出版社,1985,366.
③奥古斯丁.上帝之城[M].台湾:台北辅仁大学出版社,1985,518.
④奥古斯丁.上帝之城[M].台湾:台北辅仁大学出版社,1985,192.
⑤[美]劳伦斯A?克雷明.美国教育史(一)[M].周玉军,苑龙,陈少英译.北京:北京师范大学出版社, 2002, 12.
⑥[法]托克维尔.论美国的民主(上卷)[M].董果良译.北京:商务印书馆,1997,342.
①霍布斯.利维坦[M].黎思复,黎廷弼译.北京:商务印书馆,1995,133.
②霍布斯.利维坦[M].黎思复,黎廷弼译.北京:商务印书馆,1995,140.
③霍布斯.利维坦[M].黎思复,黎廷弼译.北京:商务印书馆,1995,263-264.
①[美]汉密尔顿,杰伊,麦迪逊.联邦党人文集[M].程逢如、舒逊译.北京:商务印书馆,1995,3.
②John Locke. Two Treatises of Government-Cambridge Texts in the History of Political Thought (影印本) [M].北京:中国政法大学出版社,2003. 269.
③洛克.政府论(下)[M].北京:商务印书馆,1981,136.
①[英]约翰?洛克.政府论两篇[M].赵伯英译.西安:陕西人民出版社,2004,180.
②[澳]维拉曼特.法律导引[M].上海:上海人民出版社,2003,106.
③Edward Dumbauld,ed.. The Political Writings of Thomas Jefferson[M]. New York: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, 1955, 8.
④[美]阿兰?S?罗森鲍姆.宪政的哲学之维[M].郑戈,刘茂林译.北京:三联书店,2001,12.
①孟德斯鸠.论法的精神[M].北京:商务印书馆,1982,156.
②[美]汤普森.宪法的政治理论[M].张志铭译.北京:三联书店,1997,44.
③[美]汉密尔顿.联邦党人文集[M].北京:商务印书馆,1980,246.
④[美]汤普森.宪法的政治理论[M].张志铭译.北京:三联书店,1997,56-57.
⑤纪录片《大国崛起》解说词[EB/OL]. http://www.chinaelections.org/NewsInfo.asp?NewsID=99265, 2006-12-01.
①Perry Miller and Thomas H. John. The Puritans, A Sourcebook of Their Writing (Vol.1) [M]. New York: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, 1963,1.
②[美]萨克凡?伯克维奇.惯于赞同——美国象征建构的转化[M].上海:上海疑问出版社,2006,1-2.
③[美]梅里亚姆.美国政治学说史[M].朱曾汶译.北京:商务印书馆,1988,3.
④David M. Kennedy & Thmoas A. Bailey. The American Pageant[M]. D.C.: Health Press, 1986, 45-46.
①朱世达.当代美国文化[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社, 2001, 7.
②Michael Howard. War and the Nation-state[J]. Daedalus, 108(Fall 1979): 102-108.
③宁骚.民族与国家[M].北京:北京大学出版社, 1995, 489.
④Robert Doutht Meade & Patrick Henry. Patriot in the Making[M]. Philiadephia: Routledge Falmer, 1957,375.
⑤杨生茂,陆镜生.美国史新编[M].北京:北京人民大学出版社,1995,101.
①J. Hector St. John de Crèvecoeur. Letters from an American Farmer and Sketches of 18th-Century America[M]. New York: Penguin, 1981,68-70.
②基思?W.奥尔森.美国史纲[M].纽约,1982,46.
③[美]文森特?奥斯特罗姆.美国联邦主义[M].王建勋.上海:上海三联书店,2003,4-5.
④罗荣渠.美洲史论[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,1997,257.
⑤何宁生,支振锋.联邦党人文集导读[M].成都:四川教育出版社,2002,100.
⑥西德尼?法因.美国的往事[M].纽约:麦克米伦出版公司, 1961, 160.
①华盛顿?欧文.华盛顿传[M].北京:新华出版社,1984,676-678.
②西德尼?法因.美国的往事[M].纽约:麦克米伦出版公司,1961,161.
③吉尔贝?希纳尔.杰斐逊评传[M].北京:中国社会出版社,1987,181.
④Jack N. Nakove. Original Meanings: Politics and Ideas in the Making of the Constitution[M]. New York : Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., 1996, 34.
⑤刘祚昌.杰斐逊[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社, 1996,385.
⑥王希.原则与妥协:美国宪法的精神与实践[M].北京:北京大学出版社, 2000, 81.
①路易斯?哈茨.美国的自由主义传统[M].张敏谦译.北京:中国社会科学出版社,2003,3.
②John Tucker. An Election Sermon [J]. American Political Writing during the Founding Era, 1990,Vol.I: 59-66.
③Downer. A Discouse at the Dedication of the Tree of Liberty[J]. American Political Writing during the Founding Era, 1990,Vol.I: 99-107.
④Edmund Burke. On Conciliation with America[J]. The Annals of America, 1992, Vol.I: 314-320.
①李剑鸣.英国的殖民地政策与北美独立运动的兴起[J].历史研究, 2002,(01):163-174.
②David M. Kennedy & Thmoas A. Bailey. The American Pageant[M]. D.C. Health Press,1986, 45-46.
③纪录片《大国崛起》解说词[EB/OL]. http://www.chinaelections.org/NewsInfo.asp?NewsID=99265, 2006-12-01.
④李剑鸣.英国的殖民地政策与北美独立运动的兴起[J].历史研究, 2002, (01): 163-174.
⑤李剑鸣.英国的殖民地政策与北美独立运动的兴起[J].历史研究, 2002, (01): 163-174.
①E?E?爱德华滋.美国农业——第一个300年(American Agriculture--the First 300 years)[M].华盛顿:健康出版社, 1941, 179.
②塞缪尔?埃利奥特?莫里森.美利坚共和国的成长[M].天津:天津人民出版社,1980,55.
③刘国平.美国民主制度输出[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2006,26-27.
①张友伦等.美国通史?美国的独立和初步繁荣[M].北京:人民出版社,2002,20-40.
②张友伦等.美国通史?美国的独立和初步繁荣[M].北京:人民出版社,2002,16.
③张友伦.美国民主制度的形成、发展和问题[J].历史研究,1996,(02):118-132.
①David Callahan. Between Two Worlds: Realism, Idealism and American Foreign Policy after the Cold War[M]. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1998, 18.
②James H. Kettner. The Development of American Citizenship, 1608-1870[M]. Chapel Hill, North Carolina:The University of North Carolina Press,1980,3.
①James H. Kettner. The Development of American Citizenship, 1608-1870[M]. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1978,220.
①James H. Kettner. The Development of American Citizenship, 1608-1870[M]. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1978,224.
②Kirk H. Porter. A History of Suffrage in the United States[M]. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1918, 112-134.
③James H. Kettner. The Development of American Citizenship, 1608-1870[M]. Chapel Hill, North Carolina:The University of North Carolina Press,1980,10.
①马克思恩格斯全集[M].北京:人民出版社,1986,249.
②Milton R Friedman. Free to Choose[M]. New York: Health Press,1979, Preface,15.
③Richard M Battistoni. Public Schooling and the Education of Democratic Citizens[M]. the University Press of Mississippi,1985.38.
④洛克.人类理解论[M].关文运译.北京:商务印书馆,1959,208.
①洛克.政府论(下册)[M].叶启芳,瞿菊农译.北京:商务印书馆,1964,36.
②洛克.人类理解论[M].关文运译.北京:商务印书馆,1959,248.
③洛克.政府论[M].叶启芳,瞿菊农译.北京:商务印书馆,1964,36.
④Derek Heater. A History of Education for Citizenship[M]. London and New York: RoutledgeFalmer, 2004, 31.
⑤刘达志.论洛克自由主义政治伦理思想[D]:[硕士学位论文].南昌:南昌大学人文学院, 2006.
⑥Richard M Battistoni. Public Schooling and the Education of Democratic Citizens[M]. Ridgewood: the University Press of Mississippi,1985.37.
①Edited by James L. Axtell. The Education Writings of John Locke[M]. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press,1968,321-325
②Richard M Battistoni. Public Schooling and the Education of Democratic Citizens[M]. Ridgewood: the University Press of Mississippi,1985.34.
③Richard M Battistoni. Public Schooling and the Education of Democratic Citizens[M]. Ridgewood: the University Press of Mississippi,1985.36.
④Richard M Battistoni. Public Schooling and the Education of Democratic Citizens[M]. Ridgewood: the University Press of Mississippi,1985.38.
⑤[美]劳伦斯A.克雷明.美国教育史——殖民地时期的历程(1607-1783)[M].周玉军,苑龙,陈少英译.北京:北京师范大学出版社,2003,338.
①C?R?Fay. Adam Smith and The Scotland of His Day[M]. Cambridge: The Cambridge University Press,1956,113.
②亚当?斯密.国民财富的性质和原因的研究(下册)[M].郭大力,王亚南译.北京:商务印书馆,2003,344-345.
③斯密.国民财富的性质和原因的研究(上卷)[M].西安:陕西人民出版社,2004,128.
④[美]乔纳森?B?怀特.拯救亚当?斯密[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2004,72.
⑤启良.西方自由主义传统——西方反自由主义至新自由主义学说追索[M].广州:广东人民出版社,2003.192.
⑥[美]乔纳森?B?怀特.拯救亚当?斯密[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2004,60.
①斯密.道德情操论[M].北京:商务印书馆,1997,163.
②斯密.道德情操论[M].北京:商务印书馆,1997,5.
③亚当?斯密.道德情操论[M].蒋自强,钦北愚译.北京:商务印书馆,1998,286.
④亚当?斯密.道德情操论[M].蒋自强,钦北愚译.北京:商务印书馆,1998,112-113.
⑤Schlesinger, Arthermeior. The cycle of American History[M]. Boston: RoutledgeFalmer,1986,221.
⑥蓝维,高峰,吕秋芳等.公民教育:理论、历史与实践探索[M].北京:人民出版社,2007,124-125.
⑦Pratte, Richard. The Civic Imperative: Examining the Need for Civic Education[M]. New Yok: Teachers Collegy Press,1988.
①[法]孟德斯鸠.论法的精神(上册)[M].北京:商务印书馆,1997,34.
②华盛顿选集[M].北京:商务印书馆,1980,18.
③孟德斯鸠.论法的精神(上册)[M].北京:商务印书馆,1978,154.
④孟德斯鸠.论法的精神(上册)[M].北京:商务印书馆,1978,154.
①宁骚.民族与国家――民族关系与民族政策的国际比较[M].北京:北京大学出版社,1995,489.
②[美]丹尼尔?布尔斯廷.美国人:建国历程[M].北京:生活?读书?新知三联书店,1993,283.
③本杰明?富兰克林.富兰克林自传[M].李瑞林,宋勃生译.北京:国家行政学院出版社, 1998, 96-97.
④Cremin. L.A.. American Education: National Experience, 1783-1876[M]. New York: Harper Colophon Books Co., 1982, 254.
①弗雷德?赫钦格.美国教育的演进[M].纽约:麦格劳?希尔顿公司,1984,37.
②肯尼思?W?汤普森.宪法的政治理论[M].北京:生活?读书?新知三联书店,1997,130.
③Ellwood P. Cubberley. Public Education in the United States: A Study and Interpretation of American Education History[M]. Houghton Mifflin, Boston, Massanchusetts: RoutledgeFalmer,1934,16.
④吴式颖,任钟印.外国教育思想通史(第六卷)[M].长沙:湖南教育出版社, 2000, 577.
⑤Cogan, John J.. Civic Education in the United States: A Brief History[J]. International Journal of Social Education. V.4 No.1(spring/summer 1999):26-34.
①朱旭东.杰斐逊教育思想的现代性阐释[J].高等师范教育研究, 1999,(06):71-76.
②Lee, G. C.(ed ). Crusade against ignorance:Thomas Jefferson on Education(5thed.)[M]. New York: Teachers College Press,1967, 99-100.
③朱旭东.杰斐逊教育思想的现代性阐释[J].高等师范教育研究, 1999,(06):71-76.
①Brubacher, J.S.. History of the Problem of Education[M]. Englewood Cliffs, N.J. Prentice-Hall,1983, 243.
②Webster, N. Dissertations on the English Language.[M]. Boston: Routledge Falmer, 1789, 20.
③丹尼尔?布尔斯廷.美国人:开拓历程[M].中国对外翻译出版公司.北京:生活?读书?新知三联书店, 1993, 320.
①Cremin L. A.. Amreican Education: National Experience, 1783-1876[M]. New York: Harper and Row,1970,263.
②Butts, R. Freeman. Public Education in the United States, from Revolution to Reform[M]. Holt Rinehart and Winston, 1978, 31.
③Cremin L. A.. Amreican Education: National Experience, 1783-1876[M]. New York: Harper and Row, 1970,265-266.
④Cremin L. A.. Amreican Education: National Experience, 1783-1876[M]. New York: Harper and Row, 1970,263.
①腾大春.美国教育史[M].北京:人民教育出版社,2001,136.
②B. Frank Brown. Education for Responsible Citizenship: The Report of the National Task Force on Citizenship Education[M].New York: McGRAW-HILL BOOK COMPANY, 1977, 47.
③Oritti Chilov, Edited. Citizenship and Citizenship Education in A Changing World[M]. The Woburn Press,1998, 123.
④R. Freeman Butts. The Civic Mission in Educational Reform: Perspectives for the Public and the Profession[M]. Stanford University: Hoover Institution Press, 1989,78.
⑤John C. Fitzpatric,ed.. The Writings of George Washington[M]. Washington,D.C.:U.S.Government Printing Office ,1940, Vol.30,493.
①[美]乔治?华盛顿.华盛顿选集[M].聂崇信等译.北京:商务印书馆,1983,310.
②B. Frank Brown. Education for Responsible Citizenship: The Report of the National Task Force on Citizenship Education[M].New York: McGRAW-HILL BOOK COMPANY,1977, 48.
③B. Frank Brown. Education for Responsible Citizenship: The Report of the National Task Force on Citizenship Education[M].New York: McGRAW-HILL BOOK COMPANY,1977, 48.
①B. Frank Brown. Education for Responsible Citizenship: The Report of the National Task Force on Citizenship Education[M].New York: McGRAW-HILL BOOK COMPANY, 1977, 49.
②佛罗斯特?S?E.西方教育的历史和哲学基础[M].吴元训等译.北京:华夏出版社,1987,378.
③卡罗尔?卡尔金斯.美国科学技术史话[M].王岱译.北京:人民出版社,1984,379.
④[法]托克维尔.论美国的民主(上册)[M].北京:商务印书馆,1988,342.
⑤[法]托克维尔.论美国的民主(上册)[M].北京:商务印书馆,1988,46.
⑥[法]托克维尔.论美国的民主(上册)[M].北京:商务印书馆,1988,48.
⑦R. Freeman Butts. The Civic Mission in Educational Reform: Perspectives for the Public and the Profession[M]. Stanford University: Hoover Institution Press, 1989,78.
①[美]乔治?华盛顿.华盛顿选集[M].聂崇信等译.北京:商务印书馆,1983,310.
①[美]C?E?布莱克.现代化的动力[M].段小光译.成都:四川人民出版社,1988,99.
②罗荣渠.美洲史论[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,1997,25.
③张少华.美国早期现代化的两条道路之争[M].北京:北京大学出版社,1996,38.
①[美]汉密尔顿,杰伊,麦迪逊.联邦党人文集[M].程逢如译.北京:商务印书馆,1980,71.
②何宁生,支振锋.联邦党人文集导读[M].成都:四川教育出版社,2002,109.
③[美]汉密尔顿,杰伊,麦迪逊.联邦党人文集[M].程逢如译.北京:商务印书馆,1980,7.
①余志森.华盛顿传[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,1990,239.
②李喜蕊,李雪峰.论汉密尔顿的三权分立思想[J].聊城大学学报(社会科学版),2004,(04):52-55.
③[美]亚历山大?汉密尔顿.联邦党人文集[M].北京:商务印书馆,1989,259.
④汉密尔顿,杰伊,麦迪逊.联邦党人文集[M].北京:商务印书馆,1982,367.
⑤李喜蕊,李雪峰.论汉密尔顿的三权分立思想[J].聊城大学学报(社会科学版),2004,(04):52-55.
①汉密尔顿,杰伊,麦迪逊.联邦党人文集[M].程逢如译.北京:商务印书馆,1980,357.
②汉密尔顿,杰伊,麦迪逊.联邦党人文集[M].程逢如译.北京:商务印书馆,1980,362.
③李喜蕊,李雪峰.论汉密尔顿的三权分立思想[J].聊城大学学报(社会科学版),2004,(04):52-55.
④MortonJ.Frisch,Alexander Hamilton and the Political Order[M].New York,:Hoover Institution Press ,1967,27.
⑤[美]亚历山大?汉密尔顿.联邦党人文集[M].北京:商务印书馆, 1989, 379.
⑥[美]汉密尔顿,杰伊,麦迪逊.联邦党人文集[M].程逢如译.北京:商务印书馆,1980,359.
⑦汉密尔顿,杰伊,麦迪逊.联邦党人文集[M].程逢如译.北京:商务印书馆,1980,368.
①李喜蕊,李雪峰.论汉密尔顿的三权分立思想[J].聊城大学学报(社会科学版),2004,(04):52-55.
②汉密尔顿,麦迪逊,杰伊.联邦党人文集[M].北京:商务印书馆,1980,58.
③汉密尔顿,麦迪逊,杰伊.联邦党人文集[M].北京:商务印书馆,1980,56.
④汉密尔顿,麦迪逊,杰伊.联邦党人文集[M].北京:商务印书馆,1980,32.
⑤汉密尔顿,麦迪逊,杰伊.联邦党人文集[M].北京:商务印书馆,1980,61.
⑥汉密尔顿,麦迪逊,杰伊.联邦党人文集[M].北京:商务印书馆,1980,52.
①J.库克.亚历山大?汉密尔顿报告集[M].纽约:健康出版社,1964, 126-135.
②Harold Syrett ed.. The Papers of Alexander Hamilton(Vol1) [M].Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1950, 67.
③Segmour Harris. American Economy History[M]. New York: Hoover Institution Press,1961, 149.
④李骏阳.美国工业化起讫时间的探讨[J].兰州大学学报,1982,(04):123-131.
⑤Saye, A .& Allums, J.& Pound M.. Principles of Ameican Government[M]. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc, 1982, 74-75.
①汉密尔顿,杰伊,麦迪逊.联邦党人文集[M].北京:商务印书馆,1980,238.
②“The government of the Union is a government of the People; it emantes from them; its powers are granted by them; and are to be exercised directly on them, and for their benefit.”麦卡洛克诉马里兰案(McCullochv.Maryland,4Wheaton316[1819])[EB/OL]. http://www.gongfa.net/Show.aspx?ID=367.html,2010-4-10.
③Alexander Hamilton. Opinion Sustaining the Constitutionality of a National Bank(1791), in The Works of Alexander Hamilton, ed. Henry Cabot Lodge, 12 vols. New York: G.P. Putnam’s Sons,1904, vol.3. 494.
①王希.美国历史上的“国家利益”问题[J].美国研究,2003,(02):9-30.
②S.E.Morison. The Oxford History of the American People[M]. Boston: BrownandComPany, 1965,740.
③Robert Jennings and Arthurs Watts, eds.Oppenheim's International Law, 9th edition, Volum, part2[M]. Oxford University Press USA, 1992, 563.
①Charles S. Maier. Consigning the Twentieth Century to History: Alternatives for the Modern Era[ J]. American HistoricalReview, 105 (03) (June 2000): 807-831.
②Alexander Elmslie Campbell, ed.. Expansion and Imperialism[M]. New York: Harper & Row, 1970, 23.
③Frederick Jackson Turner“,The Significance of the Louisiana Purchase,”inReview of Reviews,XXVII, No.160 (May, 1903), 578-584.
④Jeffrey B. Morris and Richard B. Morris, edited. Encyclopedia of American History(7th ed.)[M]. New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 1996, 572.
⑤Derry E. Gianakos. American Diplomacy and the Sense of Destiny[M]. Belmont California: Washington, Publishing Company, Inc, 1966,48.
①Jeffrey B. Morris and Richard B. Morris (ed.). Encyclopedia of American History(7th ed) [M]. New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 1996, 608.
②Daniel J. Boorstin. The Amricans: Natioanl Experience[M]. New York: Random House,1965, 362-365.
③Zelinsky. Nation into States[M]. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1988, 218-219.
④塞缪尔?亨廷顿.我们是谁?美国国家特性面临的挑战[M].北京:新华出版社,2005,101.
⑤Bessie Louise Pierce. Public Opinion and the Teaching of History in the United States[M]. New York: Knopf, 1926, 13-16.
⑥塞缪尔?亨廷顿.我们是谁?美国国家特性面临的挑战[M].北京:新华出版社,2005,101.
①W?A?德格雪戈里.美国总统大全[M],上海:上海人民出版社, 1991, 56.
②Lipscomb and Bergh, edited. The Writings ofThomas Jefferson Vo.l3[M]. Washington, D. C.,1903, 227.
③Lipscomb and Bergh, edited. The Writings of Thomas Jefferson,Vo.l 16[M]. Washington,D.C., 1903, 28.
④Lipscomb and Bergh, edited. TheWritings ofThomas JeffersonVo.l 10[M]. Washington, D.C., 1903,400.
⑤[美]杰斐逊等.资产阶级政治家关于人权、自由、平等、博爱言论选录[M].北京:世界知识出版社, 1963, 81.
⑥莫里森.美利坚共和国的成长(第2分册)[M].南开大学历史系美国史研究室译.天津:天津人民出版社, 1980, 668.
①刘祚昌.杰斐逊传[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社, 1990, 443.
②[美]杰斐逊.杰斐逊选集[M].北京:商务印书馆,1999, 305.
③黄安年.美国的崛起[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社, 1992, 156.
④黄安年.美国的崛起[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社, 1992, 156.
⑤杰斐逊选集[M].北京:商务印书馆, 1999, 254.
⑥吉尔贝?希纳尔.杰斐逊评传[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社, 1987, 216.
⑦杰斐逊文选[M].北京:商务印书馆, 1963, 57.
①莫里森.美利坚共和国的成长(第2分册)[ M].南开大学历史系美国史研究室译.天津:天津人民出版社, 1980, 668.
②梅利尔?D?彼得森.杰斐逊集[M].北京:生活读书新知三联书店,1993,1626.
③帕林顿.美国思想史[M].长春:吉林人民出版社,2002,306.
④应克复.西方民主史[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,1997,166.
⑤刘祚昌.杰斐逊[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,1996, 442.
①艾德尼.杰斐逊设计美国[M].呼和浩特:内蒙古人民出版社.2000, 322.
②杰斐逊.杰斐逊选集[M].北京:商务印书馆,1999,404.
③杰斐逊.杰斐逊选集[M].北京:商务印书馆, 1999, 628.
④杰斐逊.杰斐逊选集[M].北京:商务印书馆,1999,306.
⑤刘祚昌.杰斐逊传[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社, 1990, 449.
①伍立杨.钻石般永存的精神力量——读《杰斐逊:设计美国》[J].新闻出版交流,2000,(6):24-25.
②何顺果.美国边疆史[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2000, 270.
③雷?艾伦?比林顿.向西部扩张(美国边疆史)(下册)[M].北京:商务印书馆,1991,429.
④卡尔金斯.美国扩张与发展史话[M].北京:人民出版社,1984, 79
⑤Henry David Thoreau. The American Frontier, A Social and Literary Record[M]. Rinehart and Winston, Inc., 1965,24-25.
⑥房龙.美国史事[M].北京:北京出版社,2001, 299.
①Edmund S. Morgan. Inventing the People: The Rise of Popular Sovereignty in England and Amrica[M]. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1988, 174.
②雷?艾伦?比林顿.向西部扩张(美国边疆史)(下册)[M].北京:商务印书馆,1991,428-429.
③William T. Hutchinson. Unite to Divide; Divide to Unite: The Shaping of American Federalism[J]. The Mississippi Valley Historical Review, vol.45(Jun., 1959):3-18.
④Frederick J. Turner. The Frontier in American History[M]. New York: Robert E. Kriger Publishing Company, 1920(reprinted,1976), 192.
⑤Richard P. McCormick. New Perspectives on Jacksonian Politics[J]. American Historical Review, vol,. 65(Jan., 1960): 288-301.
⑥Car R. Fish. The Rise of Common Man: 1830-1850[M]. Chicago: Quadrangle Books,1965,22.
⑦Alexis De Tocqueville. Democracy in America(vol. I)[M]. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1954(reprinted, 1980), 200.
⑧Alexis De Tocqueville. Democracy in America(vol. I)[M]. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1954(reprinted, 1980), 59.
①Brown, Dee. The Gentle Tamers: Women and the Frontier Old Wild West[M]. New York: Robert E. Kriger Publishing Company, 1958, 238.
②Brown, Dee. The Gentle Tamers: Women and the Frontier Old Wild West[M]. New York: Robert E. Kriger Publishing Company, 1958, 253.
③雷?艾伦?比林顿.向西部扩张:美国边疆史[M].北京:三联书店, 1993. 428.
④[美]埃里克?方纳.新美国历史[M].齐文颖,林江译.北京:北京师范大学出版社,1998,223.
①Franksorauf. PartyPolitiesinAmeriea[M].Boston: Routledge Falmer, 1984,20.
②理查德?霍夫施塔特.美国政治传统及其缔造者[M].北京:商务印书馆,1994,50.
③http://odur.let.rug.nl/usa/p/aj7/speeches/ajson1.htm,2004-10-16.
①ArtllurM.Schlesinger,Jr.. The Age Of Jackson[M]. Boston: BrownandComPany,1946,46-47.
②[美]加里?纳什等.美国人民:创建一个国家和社会[M].刘德斌译.北京:北京大学出版社,2008,290-291.
③刘艳.美国政党政治形成与黑人奴隶制废除过程中的新教福音派[D]:[硕士论文].长春:东北师范大学历史学院,2003.
④Winthrop S. Hudson. Religion in America[M]. N.Y. : W. W. Norton & Company, 1981,136.
⑤Mark A. Noll. God and Mammon: Protestants, Money, and the Market, 1790-1860[M].Oxford University Press, 2002,56.
①George Peck. Natioanl Evils and Their Remedy[M]. New York: Richmond,Va.,1841,31-32.
②Charles G. Finney. Lectures on Revivals of Religion[M]. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1960,13.
③Donald G. Mathews. The Second Great Awakening as an Organizing Process 1780-1830: An Hypothesis[J].AQ, 21(Spring 1969):23-43.
④托克维尔.论美国的民主(上卷)[M].北京:商务印书馆,1997,337-339.
⑤Eleanor. Century of Struggle: The Women Rights Movement in the United States[M]. Harvard University Press,1975,76.
⑥Mary Beth Norton. Major Problems in American Women’s History[M]. D.C. Heath Company: Lexington Press,1989,203-204.
①J.W.T.Johns. American Realities: Historical Episodes from Reconstruction to the Present[M]. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1980, 109.
①杨生茂.美国南北战争资料选辑[Z].上海:上海人民出版社,1978, 278.
②林肯选集[M].北京:商务印书馆,1983, 282.
③唐纳德?M?毕晓普.美国历史文献选集[M].北京:北京大学出版社, 1985, 50.
④赵晓兰.美国黑人争取选举权运动探析[J].杭州师范学院学报, 1999, (05):27-32.
①James H. Kettner. The Development of American Citizenship, 1608-1870[M]. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1978,247.
②James H. Kettner. The Development of American Citizenship, 1608-1870[M]. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1978,247.
③James H. Kettner. The Development of American Citizenship, 1608-1870[M]. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1978, 288.
④Merrill D. Peterson, ed.. Democracy, Liberty, and Property: The State Constitutional Conventions of the 1820’s[M]. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1966, 399-400.
①Carl.N.Degler. Out of Our Past[M].New York: Harper Torchbooks, 1987, 59.
②James H. Kettner. The Development of American Citizenship, 1608-1870[M]. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1978,316-317.
①Helen Tunnicliff Catterall,ed.. Judicial Case Concerning American Slavery and the Nego[M]. Washington, D.C.:Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1926,374.
②James H. Kettner. The Development of American Citizenship, 1608-1870[M]. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1978,311-312.
③James H. Kettner. The Development of American Citizenship, 1608-1870[M]. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1978,341.
①James H. Kettner. The Development of American Citizenship, 1608-1870[M]. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1978,343.
①James H. Kettner. The Development of American Citizenship, 1608-1870[M]. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1978, 286.
②James H. Kettner. The Development of American Citizenship, 1608-1870[M]. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1978,236.
③James H. Kettner. The Development of American Citizenship, 1608-1870[M]. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1978,264-265.
④James H. Kettner. The Development of American Citizenship, 1608-1870[M]. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1978,343-349.
①安迪?格林.教育与国家形成:英、法、美教育体系起源之比较[M].王春华等译.北京:教育科学出版社,2004,184-203.
②J. E. Morgan. Horace Mann: His Ideas and Ideals[M]. Washington D.C.: Natioanl Library Foundation, 1936, 20.
①H. Warren Button and Eugene F. Provenz, Jr.. History of Education and Culture in American[M]. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, 1989, 107.
②L.A.Cremin. American Education: The National Experience,1783-1876[M]. New York: Harper Colophon Books Co.,1982, 183.
③H. Warren Button and Eugene F. Provenz, Jr.. History of Education and Culture in American[M]. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, 1989, 107.
④L.H.Tharp. Until Victory: Horace Mann and Mary Peabody[M]. Boston: Little Brown and Company, 1953, 158.
⑤Butts, R.F.. The Civic Mission in Educational Reform: Perspectives for the Public and Profession, Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution Press, Stanford University, 1989,104-105.
①Lawrence A. Cremin. The Republic and the School: Hoarace Mann on the Education of Free Men[M]. NewYork: Bureau of Publications, Teachers College, Columbia University, 1957, 93.
②James W. Fraser. The School in the United States: A Documentary History[M]. Boston: McGaw-Hill, 2001, 58.
③Butts, R.F.. The Civic Mission in Educational Reform: Perspectives for the Public and Profession[M].Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution Press, Stanford University, 1989, 121.
④[美]劳伦斯?克雷明.美国教育史(1783-1876)[M].洪成文等译.北京:北京师范大学出版社,2002,144.
①[美]劳伦斯A.克雷明.美国教育史(2):建国初期的历程(1783-1876)[M].洪成文,丁邦平等译.北京:北京师范大学出版社,2002,142-145.
②Derek Heater.A History of Education for Citizenship[M]. New York: Routledge Falmer, 2004, 105-106.
①Derek Heater.A History of Education for Citizenship[M]. New York: Routledge Falmer, 2004, 106.
②劳伦斯?阿瑟?克雷明.学校的变革[M].单中慧译.上海:上海教育出版社,1994,16.
③[美]弗?斯卡皮蒂.美国社会问题[M].刘泰星等译.北京:中国社会科学出版社,1986,169.
④R.Freeman Butts. The Civic Mission in Educational Reform: Perspectives for the Public and the Profession[M]. Stanford, California: Hoover Instituion Press, 1989, 96-97.
⑤N.N. Butler. Monographs on Education in the United States, Vol.3 [M]. New York: Routledge Falmer, 1985, 3.
①滕大春.美国教育史[M].北京:人民教育出版社,1944, 336.
②Richard Angelo. A Sense of Occasion[J]. History of Edcation Quarterly, Fall 1981, Volume 21, Number3,348.
③R.Freeman Butts. The Civic Mission in Educational Reform: Perspectives for the Public and the Profession[M]. Stanford, California: Hoover Instituion Press, 1989,65-68.
④Carl F. Kaestle. Ideology and American Educational History[J]. History of Education Quarterly, Summer 1982, Volume 22, Number2, 128.
①R.Freeman Butts. The Civic Mission in Educational Reform: Perspectives for the Public and the Profession[M]. Stanford, California: Hoover Instituion Press, 1989, 94.
②R.Freeman Butts. The Civic Mission in Educational Reform: Perspectives for the Public and the Profession[M]. Stanford, California: Hoover Instituion Press, 1989, 122.
③Derek Heater. A History of Education for Citizenship[M]. New York:Routledge Falmer, 2004, 107.
④商戈令.人文新词典[K].南昌:江西人民出版社,1990, 525.
①L.Cremin. American Education: The National Experience(1783-1876)[M].New York: Harper Colophon Books Co.,1982, 3.
②England, J.M.. The Democratic Faith in American Schoolbooks, 1783-1860[J]. American Quarterly, 1963, (15): 191.
③华盛顿选集[M].北京:商务印书馆,1983,310-321.
④Kaestle, C.F.. Pillars of the Republic: Commom Schools and American Society,1780-1860[M]. New York: Hill & Wang, 1983, 75.
①Linda M. Lillie. The Political Economy of the Social studies Curriculum[M]. Athens, Ohio: Ohio University,1996. 35-36.
②C.F.Kasestle. Pillars of the Republic: common Schools and American Society(1780-1860)[M]. Toronto: Hill and Wang, 1983, 82.
③C.F.Kasestle. Pillars of the Republic: common Schools and American Society(1780-1860)[M]. Toronto: Hill and Wang,1983, 82.
④Macedo, S.. Diversity and Distrust: Civic Education in a Multicultural Socity[M]. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2000, 65.
⑤Rodak, Nancy. Character Education in the Elementary School[M]. New Tork: State University of New York Empire State College, 2005, 77.
①C.F.Kasestle. Pillars of the Republic: common Schools and American Society(1780-1860)[M]. Toronto: Hill and Wang,1983, 99.
②[日]左藤正夫.教学论原理[M].钟启泉译.北京:人民教育出版社,1996,94.
③Chiodo, John. H.“Social Studies—Its Roots and Brands”[J]. The Social Studies 68.(November/December 1997):249-251.
④[日]左藤正夫.教学论原理[M].钟启泉译.北京:人民教育出版社,1996,94.
①Merle Curti. The Roots of American Loyalty[M]. New York: Columbia University Press, 1946, 190.
②Derek Heater. A History of Education for Citizenship[M]. New York: Routledge Falmer, 2004, 111.
③Henry Steele Commager. The American Mind: An Interpretation of American Thought and Character Since the 1880’s[M]. New Haven: Yale University Press,1950,38-39.
④R. Freeman Butts. The Revival of Ciciv Learning: A Rationale for Citizenship Eucation in American Schools[M]. Columbia :Teachers Colleage, Columbia University, 1980,58.
⑤R. Freeman Butts. The Revival of Ciciv Learning: A Rationale for Citizenship Eucation in American Schools[M]. Columbia :Teachers Colleage, Columbia University, 1980, 63.
①Linda M. Lillie. The Political Economy of the Social studies Curriculum[M]. Athens, Ohio: Ohio University,1996. 39.
②[美]劳伦斯?A?克雷明.美国教育史:城市化时斯的历程(1876~1980)[M].朱旭东等译.北京:北京师范大学出版社,2002.123.
③[英]安迪?格林.教育与国家形成:英、法、美教育体系起源之比较[M].王春华等译.北京:教育科学出版社,2004,218-219.
④Derek Heater. A History of Education for Citizenship[M]. New York:Routledge Falmer, 2004, 111.
①高峰.美国政治社会化研究[M].北京:首都师范大学出版社,2004,205-206.
②Lyn Spillman. Nation and Commemoration: Creating National Identities in the United States and Australia[M]. New York: Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge, 1997,24-25.
③Catherine Albanese. Requiem for Memorial Day: Dissent in the Redeemer Nation[J]. Ameican Quarterly, 1974,(26):389.
①Boleslaw Mastai and Marie Louise D’Orange. The Stars and Stripes: The American Flag As Art and As History from the Birth of Republic to the Present[M]. New York: Knopf,1973,130.
②Derek Heater. A History of Education for Citizenship[M]. New York:Routledge Falmer, 2004, 113.
③[美]塞缪尔?亨廷顿.美国国家爱特性面临的挑战[M].程克雄译.北京:新华出版社,2995,105.
④Kaestle, C.F.. Pillars of the Republic: Common Schools and American Society, 1780-1860[M]. Toronto: Hill and Wang, 1983, title page.
①吴德刚.中国全民教育问题研究——简论教育机会平等问题[M].北京:教育科学歘版社,1998,134.
②E.P. Cubberley. Public Education in the United States[M]. Boston: The Bobbs-Merrill Company,1934,174.
③劳伦斯?A?克雷明.学校的变革[M].单中惠等译.上海:上海教育出版社,1994,19.
④A. Potter and G. Emerson. The School and the School Master[M]. New York: Penguin, 1846, 1-2.
①[美]麦理安(C. E. Merriam).公民教育[M].黄嘉德译.上海:商务印书馆,中华民国二十四年. 205-206.
②Richard P. McCormick. The Second American Party System: Party Formation in the Jacksonian Era Chapel Hill[M]. New York: Harper Collins Publishers,1966,62.
①William Gillette. The Right to Vote: Politics and the Passage of the Fifteenth Amendment[M]. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1965, 87-88.
②刘艳.美国政党政治形成与黑人奴隶制废除过程中的新福音派[D]:[硕士论文].长春:东北师范大学历史学院, 2003.
①[美]H?S?康马杰.美国精神[M].南木等译.北京:光明日报出版社,1988,63.
②杨生茂,陆镜生.美国史新编(1492-1989)[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,1990,229.
③Harold U. Faulkner. Poli tics, Reform and Expansion[M]. New York: Harper and Row Publisher, 1959,72.
①侯钧生.现代社会学理论教程[M].天津:南开大学出版社,2001,35.
②理查德?霍夫施塔特.美国思想中的社会达尔文主义[M].郭正昭译.台湾联经出版事业公司,1981,3-4.
③王晓德.美国文化与外交[M].天津:天津教育出版社,2000,205.
④William Appleman Williams. The Shaping of American Diplomacy(Vol.1)[M]. Chicago: Rand Mcnally& Co., 1962, 332.
⑤Julius W. Pratt. Expansionists of 1898[M]. Baltimore: the Johns Hopkins Press, 1936,6.
⑥Derry E. Gianakos. American Diplomacy and the Sense of Destiny[M]. Belmont California: Washington, Publishing Company, Inc, 1966,13.
①Theodore Roosevelt.“The Strenuous Life”, Speeches and Addresses[M]. New York, 1905, 32.
②Bureau of the Census. Historical Statistics of the United States: Colonial Times to 1970[M]. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1975, 105-106.
③黄安年.二十世纪美国史[M].石家庄:河北人民出版社,1989,37.
④黄兆群.熔炉下的火焰—美国的移民、民族和种族[M].北京:东方出版社,1994,47.
①邓蜀生.美国历史与美国人[M].北京:人民出版社,1993, 233.
②Robert A Divine. American Immigration Policy, 1924-1952[M]. New York: Da Capo Press, 1972, 5.
③[美]约翰?海厄姆.把这些人送来:都市美国的外来移民[M].约翰斯?霍普金斯大学出版社, 1984, 64.
①Herman Melville. White Jacket[M]. London: Oxford University Press, 1924, 142-143.
②Michael Hogan, ed.,The Ambiguous Legacy: US Foreign Relations in the American Century[M]. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1999, 28.
③[美]马汉.海权论[M].萧伟中,梅然译.北京:中国言实出版社,1997, 319.
④Thomas G. Peterson, J. Garry Clifford, Kenneth J. Hagan. American Foreign Policy(Vol.1)[M]. Boston: The Bobbs-MerrillCompany, 1988, 229.
①Albert B. Hart, ed.,Selected Addresses and Public Papers of Woodrow Wilson, New York: Boni & Liveright, Inc., 1918, 186.
②邓蜀生.伍德罗?威尔逊[M].上海:上海人民出版社,1982,176.
③李琮.当代资本主义世界经济发展史略[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,1989,73-74.
④John Fousek. To Lead The Free World, Amrican Nationalism and the Cultural Roots of the Cold War[M]. Chapel Hill and London: The University of North Carolina Press, 1999,43.
①Donald W. White. The Amrican Century[M]. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1996,295.
②莫里森.美利坚合众国的成长[M].天津:天津人民出版社,1991,396.
③阿密泰?艾乔尼.美国首府政治腐败内幕[M].河南人民出版社,1992,177.
④理查德?霍夫斯达特.美国政治传统及其缔造者[M].中译本.北京:商务印书馆,1994,242.
⑤Iris Dorrebom. The Challenge of Our Time[M]. New York: Boni & Liveright, Inc.,1991, 4.
⑥Samuel Rosenmaned. The Public Papers and Addresses of Franklin D. Roosevelt Vol.3[M]. New York: Random House, 1938, 420.
①Samuel Eliot Morrison. The Oxford History of the American People Vol.3[M].N.Y.: Health Press, 1972, 341.
②欧内斯特?科尔梅茨.美国史研究(第2卷)[M].美国杜什金出版社,1974, 377.
①McDermot, t J. J. Ed.. The Philosophy of Dewey[M]. Chicago: The University ofChicago Press, 1981, 623.
②Butts, R. Freeman,and others. History of Citizen Education Colloquium Papers[M]. Washington, D.C.: Natioanl Inst. Of Education, 1978, 122.
③杜威.人的问题[M].傅统先译.上海:上海人民出版社,1986, 43-44.
①杜威.人的问题[M].上海:世纪出版集团, 2006, 34.
②杜威.哲学的改造[M].北京:商务印书馆, 1958,112-113.
③Walter Parker. Educating the Democratic Mind[M]. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1966, 5.
④Dewey. The Public and Its Problems[M]. The Southern Illinoise University Press, 1983, 286-287.
⑤杜威.新旧个人主义[M].孙有中等译.上海:上海社会科学出版社,1997,4.
①杜威.人的问题[M].傅统先译.上海:世纪出版集团, 2006,48.
②[美]约翰?杜威.民主主义与教育[M].王承绪译.北京:人民教育出版社,1990,13.
③杜威.哲学的改造[M].胡适译.合肥:安徽教育出版社,1999,171-172.
④《哲学研究》编辑部.资产阶级哲学资料选辑[M].上海:上海人民出版社, 1966,241-242.
⑤杜威.人的问题[M].傅统先译.上海:世纪出版集团, 2006, 45-46.
⑥陈怡.经验与民主:杜威政治哲学基础研究[M].上海:复旦大学出版社,2002,88.
①罗伯特?B?塔利斯.杜威[M].彭国华译.北京:中华书局,2002,1.
②孙晓梅.妇女教育系列教材——国家妇女运动概况[M].北京:北方妇女儿童出版社,1990,78.
③路易斯·哈伯.世界科学界女先驱[M].上海:世纪出版集团, 2006,68.
④Louis W. Banner. Women in Modern Amrica: A Brief History[M]. New York: Random House, 1984,257-258.
⑤V.P.Barbara. Statistical Abstract of the US[M]. Washington,D.C.: American Department of Commence, 1985,247-251.
①V.P.Barbara. Statistical Abstract of the US[M]. Washington,D.C.: American Department of Commence, 1985, 390-391.
②李道揆.美国政府和美国政治[M].中国社会科学出版社,1990,157.
①Charles E. Siblerman. Crisis in Black and White[M]. New York: Random House, Inc., 1964,23.
①郭忠华,刘训练.公民身份与社会阶级[M].上海:江苏人民出版社,2008,195.
②C.B.Macpherson. The Rise and Fall of Economic Justice and Other Essays[M]. New York: Oxford University Press, 1985, 23.
①Rexford Guy Tugwell. The Democratic Roosevelt[M]. Garden City, New York: Random House, Inc., 1957, 204.
②[美]阿瑟?林克,威廉?卡顿?1900年以来的美国史(中册)[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社, 1983, 399.
①[美]C?E?布莱克.现代化的动力[M].段小光译.成都:四川人民出版社.1988,21-22.
②[美]劳伦斯?克雷明.美国教育史:城市化进程(1876-1980)[M].朱旭东等译.北京:北京师范大学出版社,2002,264.
①Butts, R. Freeman,and others. History of Citizen Education Colloquium Papers[M]. Washington, D.C.: Natioanl Inst. Of Education, 1978, 196.
②Macedo,S. Diversity and Distrust: Civic Education in a Multicultural Society[M].Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2000, 91.
③Violas, P. The Trainning of the Urban Working Class[M]. Chicago: Rand McNally, 1978,61.
④Butts, R. Freeman,and others. History of Citizen Education Colloquium Papers[M]. Washington, D.C.: Natioanl Inst. Of Education, 1978, 196.
⑤Butts, R. Freeman,and others. History of Citizen Education Colloquium Papers[M]. Washington, D.C.: Natioanl Inst. Of Education, 1978, 108-109.
⑥Butts, R. Freeman,and others. History of Citizen Education Colloquium Papers[M]. Washington, D.C.: Natioanl Inst. Of Education, 1978, 196.
①Pierce,B.L..Civic Attitudes in American School Textbooks[M].Chicago,IL: University of Chicago Press, 1930, 231.
②Pierce, B.L..Civic Attitudes in American School Textbooks[M].Chicago,IL: University of Chicago Press, 1930,171.
③Pierce, B.L..Civic Attitudes in American School Textbooks[M].Chicago,IL: University of Chicago Press, 1930,233.
④Pierce, B.L..Civic Attitudes in American School Textbooks[M].Chicago,IL: University of Chicago Press, 1930,243.
⑤Lazerson, M. & Grubb, W.N.. American Education and Vocationalism: A Documentary History, 1870-1970[M]. New York: Teachers College Press, 1974, 87.
①[美]威廉姆.美国童子军生存手册[M].张雨来译.天津:天津社会科学出版社, 2003,327-346.
②[美]查理斯?E?孟利欧(Charles E. Merriam).美国公民教育[M].严菊生译.上海:商务印书馆,中华民国二十年,109-111.
①George S. Counts. Dare the School Build a New Social Order?[M]. New York: The John Day Company, 1932, 28-29.
②Rugg, H. An Introducation to the Problems of American Culture(6 Vols.)[M]. Boston: Ginn, 1931,I-III.
③Rugg, H. An Introducation to the Problems of American Culture(6 Vols.)[M]. Boston: Ginn, 1931,598.
①Rugg, H. An Introducation to the Problems of American Culture(6 Vols.)[M]. Boston: Ginn, 1931,605.
②Butts, R. Freeman,and others. History of Citizen Education Colloquium Papers[M]. Washington, D.C.: Natioanl Inst. Of Education, 1978, 149.
③Goldman,E.F..The Crucial Decade[M]. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1956,97.
④Keohane, R. E..Educating for Civic Leadership[J]. The Scoial Studies, 1951,42(03):99-104.
⑤Karsch,R.F.. The Teaching of American Government[J]. Social Education, 1951,15(01):16-20.
①R. Freeeman Butts. The Morality of Democractic Citizenship: Goals For Civic Education in the Republic’s Third Century[M].California: Center for Civic Education, 1988, 60.
②Hepburn, Mary A. Educating for democracy: the years following World WarⅡ[J]. Social Studies, 1982, Vol. 81: 32-47.
③Lewenstein, M.R. An Analysis of Some Concepts pf Citizenship Education[M]. University of Illinois, 1953,102.
④American Asscoiation of School Administratiors. Educating for American Citizenship[M]. Washington, D.C.: Natioanl Education Association, 1954.
①Lewenstein, M.R. An Analysis of Some Concepts pf Citizenship Education[M]. University of Illinois, 1953,104.
②http://course33.gzedu.com/A1007/FED/Course2/chapter8/A1007002TC0833.htm, 2010-4-17.
③H.S.康马杰.美国精神[M].北京:光明日报出版社,1988,73-74.
④[美]约翰?杜威.民主主义与教育[M].王承绪译.北京:人民教育出版社,1990,92.
①]杜威.人的问题[M].傅统先译.上海:上海人民出版社,1986,24.
②袁刚.民治主义与现代社会:杜威在华演讲集[M].北大出版社,2004,12.
③赵祥麟,王承绪.杜威教育论著选[M].上海:华东师范大学出版社,1981.343-344.
④杜威.人的问题[M].傅统先译.上海:上海人民出版社,1986,34-35.
⑤杜威.新旧个人主义:杜威文选[M].孙有中译.上海社会科学出版社,1997,28.
①[美]劳伦斯?克雷明.美国教育史:城市化进程(1876-1980)[M].朱旭东等译.北京:北京师范大学出版社, 2002, 189.
②[美]杜威.人的问题[M].傅统先,邱椿译,上海:上人民出版社, 1965, 44.
③[美]劳伦斯?克雷明.美国教育史:城市化进程(1876-1980)[M].朱旭东等译.北京:北京师范大学出版社,2002,188.
④凯瑟琳?坎普?梅休.杜威学校[M].王承绪等译.上海:华东师范大学出版社,1991,357
⑤[美]杜威.人的问题[M].傅统先,邱椿译.上海:上海人民出版社, 1965, 90-91.
⑥沈益洪.杜威谈中国[M].杭州:浙江文艺出版社,2001, 64.
⑦John Dewey. philosophy and Civilization[M]. New York: Minton, Black & Company ,1931, 283-284.
①杜威.学校与社会?明日之学校[M].赵祥麟等译.北京:人民教育出版社,2005,284.
②[美]杜威.人的问题[M].傅统先,邱椿译.上海:上海人民出版社,1965.32.
③[美]约翰?杜威.民主主义与教育[M].王承绪译.北京:人民教育出版社,1990,626.
④[美]约翰?杜威.民主主义与教育[M].王承绪译.北京:人民教育出版社,1990,33-34.
①U.S. Bureau of Education. Cardical Priciples of Education[M].Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1918,13.
②Lewenstein, M.R. An Analysis of Some Concepts pf Citizenship Education[M]. Chicago: University of Illinois, 1953,37.
③Lewenstein, M.R. An Analysis of Some Concepts pf Citizenship Education[M]. Chicago: University of Illinois, 1953,38.
④Quillen, I.J. & Hanna, L.A.. Education for Social Competence[M]. Glenview,ILL: Scott, Foresman, 1948, 22.
①Carawford, C.E., Cooley, E.G., Trillingham, C.C.& Stoops, E.. Living your Life[M]. New York: Heath Press, 1953, v-viv.
①[美]查理斯?E?孟利欧(Charles E. Merriam).美国公民教育[M].严菊生译.上海:商务印书馆,中华民国二十六年,I-III.
②[美]约翰?杜威.民主主义与教育[M].王承绪译.北京:人民教育出版社,1990,37.
①Allen,F. L.. The big Change[M]. New York: Bantam Books, 1952,257.
②Butts, R. Freeman,and others. History of Citizen Education Colloquium Papers[M]. Washington, D.C.: Natioanl Inst. Of Education, 1978, 151.
③Hunt, M.P. & Metcalf, L.E.. Theaching High School Social Studies[M]. NewYork: Harper, 1955, v-vi.
①Butts, R. Freeman,and others. History of Citizen Education Colloquium Papers[M]. Washington, D.C.: Natioanl Inst. Of Education, 1978, 152-154.
①张少华.美国早期现代化的两条道路之争[M].北京:北京大学出版社, 1996, 15.
①陈明明.革命后社会的政治与现代化[M].上海:上海辞书出版社, 2002, 95.
②W illiam O’Neill. Coming Apart[M].New York: Quadrangle Books,1971,68.
③Irving L. Horowitz & Seymour Martin Lipset. Dialogues on American Politics[M]. New York: Oxford University Press, 1978, 46.
④Irving Kristol. What Is a Neoconservitive?[J]. Newsweek, January 19,1976,87-94.
①Linda J. Medcalf andKennethM. Dolbeare,Neopolitics: American Political Ideas in the1980s[M]. New York: Simon and Schuster,1976,136.
②Linda J. Medcalf andKennethM. Dolbeare,Neopolitics: American Political Ideas in the1980s[M]. New York: Simon and Schuster,1976,136.
③Peter Steinfels. The Neoconservatives: The Men Who Are Changing Amrica’s Politics[M]. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1979, 67.
①Robert Kagan. A Retreat from Power[J]. Commentary, July 1995,19-25.
②戴维?奥斯本,特德?盖布勒?改革政府:企业精神如何改革着公共部门[M]?上海:上海译文出版社,1996,1.
①贝克罗齐.民主的危机[M].马殿军译.北京:求实出版社, 1989, 73.
②Thomas E. Patterson. WeThe People: A Concise Introduction to American Politics[M]. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies, 1998, 409.
①洪伟.美国重塑政府运动及其对中国的启示[J].社科从横,2006,21(07):57-59.
①[美]约翰?路易斯?加迪斯.遏制战略史:战后美国国家安全政策评析[M].时殷弘译.北京:世界出版社,2005,362.
②梅孜编译.美国总统国情咨文选编[M].北京:时事出版社,1996,765-766.
③潘亚玲.“9·11”后的美国爱国主义与对外政策[D]: [博士学位论文].上海:上海复旦大学国际关系与公共事务学院,2007.
④The White House . A National Security Strategy of Engagement and Enlargement[J]. The White House, July 1994,2.
①潘亚玲.“9·11”后的美国爱国主义与对外政策[D]: [博士学位论文].上海:上海复旦大学国际关系与公共事务学院,2007.
①Gallup Poll. Gallup Poll Analyses—Bush Job Approval Was at 51% Immediately Before Tuesday’s Attacks[EB/OL]. http:www.gallup.coom/poll/releases/pr010912b.asp, 2004-9-20.
②Sarah Lesher. Both Right and Left Condemn Patriot Act. [EB/OL]. Http://www.hillnews.com/news/50603/patriot.aspx.,2006-6-3.
③AryehNeier. Americas' New Nationalism[J]. Social Research, New York: W inter2004, Vo.l 71:1013-1017.
④Michael Hirsh. Bush and the World[J]. Foreign Affairs, September/October 2002, Vol. 81, No. 5:18-43.
①http://gb.cri.cn/18504/2008/01/09/2945@1905836.htm
②http://news.xinhuanet.com/world/2008-02/02/content_7547843.htm
①Robert D. Putnam. Bowling Alone: America’s Declining Social Capital[J]. Journal of Democracy, Vol.6, Jan.1995,66-74.
①http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/jfkinaugural.html,2008-07-17.
②Benadeette S Chi. Service-learning as Citizenship Education: The Promise and Puzzle[EB/OL]. http://www.cns.gov/paf/hr/fellowships/chi.pdf, 2004-12-07.viii.
③Robert Wuthow.“A Reasonable Role for Religion?”In Democractic Civility[M]. Robert W. Hefner ed. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers, 1998, 114.
①B.S.Turner, ed. Citizenship and Social Theory[M]. Newbury Park,CA:Sage, 1993, 139-140.
②Robert Lekachman. Proposition 13 and the New Conservatism[J]. Change, September 1978:28.
③R. Freeman Butts. The Revival of Civic Learning: A Rationale for Citizenship Education in Amrican Schools[M]. Bloomington, IND: Phi Delta Kappa Education Foundation, 1980, 6.
④Daniel Yankelovich. The New Morality: A Profile of American Youth in the Seventies [M]. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1974,5-6.
①Boyer, E. L. Civic Eduction for Responsible Citizens[J]. Educational Leadership, 1990, 48:4-7.
②R. Freeman Butts. The Revival of Civic Learning: A Rationale for Citizenship Education in Amrican Schools[M]. Bloomington, IND: Phi Delta Kappa Education Foundation, 1980, 7.
③Boyer, E. L. Civic Eduction for Responsible Citizens[J]. Educational Leadership, 1990, (48):4-7.
④B. Frank Brown. Education for Responsible Citizenship: The Report of the National Task Force on Citizenship Education[J]. New York: McGraw-Hall Book Company, 1977,11.
⑤R. Freeman Butts. The Revival of Civic Learning: A Rationale for Citizenship Education in Amrican Schools[M]. Bloomington, IND: Phi Delta Kappa Education Foundation, 1980, 84.
①New Youk State Education Department. Social Studies 12: Participation in Government, Tentative Syllabus[M]. Albany, N.Y.: New Youk State Education Department, 1987, 22-23.
②National Education Goals Panel. The National Education Goals Report: Building a Nation of Learners[M]. Washington, D.C.: United States Printing Office, 1991, ix.
③Center for Civic Education. Report of the Task Force on Civic Education: The Second Annual White House Conference on Character Building for a Democratic,Civic Society[R]. Wahington,D.C.: Center for Civic Education, 1995,3.
④John J. Chiodo, Leisa A. Martin. What Do Students Have to Say About Citizenship?An Analysis of the Concept of Citizenship Among Secondary Education Students[J]. Journal of social studies research, 2007,29(01):15-21.
①Jochum, V., Pratten, B.& Wilding, K. Civil Renewal and Active Citizenship: A Guide to the Debate. National Council for Voluntary Organizations,
2005.8.[EB/OL].http://www.ncvo-vol.org.uk/asp/uploads/uploadedfiles/1/637/civilrenewalactivecitizenship.pdf.2006-01-15.
①NAEP Civics Consensus Project. Civics Framework for The 1998 National Assessment of Educational Progress[A]. Washington, DC: National Assessment Governing Board, 1996,.ED 407 355.
②Morris Janowitz. The Reconstruction of Patrotism: Education for Civic Consciousness[M]. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1985, ix.
③Kerry J. Kennedy, Edited. Citizenship Education and the Modern State[M]. New York: The Falmer Press,1997,146.
④National Council for the Social Studies. Curriculum Standars for the Social Studies[EB/OL]. http://www.socialstudies.org/standards.html,2009-10-12.
⑤Center for Civic Education. National Standars for Civics and Government[EB/OL]. http://www.civiced.org/index.php?page=stds.htmal,2009-10-16.
①Langdon, C,A. The Third Phi Delta Kappa Pool of Teachers Attitudes Toward the Public Schools[J]. Phi Delta Kappan, 1996,(11):244/247/
②Pratte, Richard. The Civic Imperative: Examining the Need for Civic Education[M]. New York: Teachers Collegy Press,1988,12.
③NAEP Civics Consensus Project. Civics Framework for The 1998 National Assessment of Educational Progress[A]. Washington, DC: National Assessment Governing Board, 1996,.ED 407 355.
④R. Freeman Butts. The Revival of Civic Learning: A Rationale for Citizenship Education in Amrican Schools[M]. Bloomington, IND: Phi Delta Kappa Education Foundation, 1980, 121.
①S.H. Engle and Anna S. Ochoa. Education for Democratic Citizenship[M]. New York: Teachers College Press, 1988, 28.
②俞可平.社群主义[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社, 1998, 3.
③俞可平.社群主义[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社, 1998, 72-74
①R. Freeman Butts. The Revival of Civic Learning: A Rationale for Citizenship Education in Amrican Schools[M]. Bloomington, IND: Phi Delta Kappa Education Foundation, 1980, 74.
②张秀雄.公民教育的理论与实施[M].中国台湾:师大书院有限公司,1998. 133.
③[美]玛丽?卢?富勒,葛兰?奥尔森.家庭与学校的联系—如何成功地与家长合作[M].谭君华译.北京:中国轻工业出版社,2003.5.
④Peter W. Cookson. School Choice: The Struggle for the Soul of American Education[M]. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1994, 10.
①Learning in Deed:the Power of Service-learning for American Schools[EB/OL].http://learningindeed.org/slcommission/report.html,2005-5-15.
②Hart, Peter D. Democracy’s Next Generation: A Study of Youth and Teachers[M]. Washington, DC: People for the American Way, 1989.
③National Assessment of Educational Progress. The Civics Report Card[R]. Princeton, NJ: Educational Testing Service, 1990, 13. ED 315 376.
④赵明玉.公民教育视阈中的美国服务学习研究[D]:[硕士学位论文].长春:东北师范大学国际与比较教育研究所,2005.
⑤张秀雄.各国公民教育[M].台北:师大书苑,民国85,141-142.
⑥R. Freeman Butts. The Revival of Civic Learning: A Rationale for Citizenship Education in Amrican Schools[M]. Bloomington, IND: Phi Delta Kappa Education Foundation, 1980, 96.
①赵明玉.公民教育视阈中的美国服务学习研究[D]:[硕士学位论文].长春:东北师范大学国际与比较教育研究所,2005.
②National and Community Service Trust Act of 1993(Enrolled as Agreed to or Passed by Both House and Senate)[EB/OL]. http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/z?c103:H.R.2010.enr.html,2004-12-10.
③赵明玉.公民教育视阈中的美国服务学习研究[D]:[硕士学位论文].长春:东北师范大学国际与比较教育研究所,2005.
④U.S. Department of Education. U.S. DE Strategic Plan 2002-2007[EB/OL]. http://www.ed.gov/pubs/straplan2002-07/index.html,2002-05-14/2002-5-30.
①John J. Chiodo and Leisa A. Martin. What Do Students Have to Say About Citizenship?An Analysis of the Concept of Citizenship Among Secondary Education Students[J]. Journal of social studies research, 2007,29(01):15-21.
②John J. Cogan. Civic Education in the United States: A Brief History[J]. Social Education, Spr/Summ 1999,14 (01):52-64.
③What is Character Education? [EB/OL]. http://www.character.org/site/c.gwKUJhNYJrF/b.1049053/k.66DF/Defining_and_Understanding Character Education.html, 2006-06-08.
④Heslep, Robert D. Moral Education for Americans[M]. Westport, Conn: Praeger Publishers, 1995,2.
①Lickona, T. Educating for Character: How Our School Can Teach Respect and Responsibility[M]. New York: Bantam Books, 1991,23.
②W. Huitt. Moral and Character Education[EB/OL].http://www.valdosta.peachnet.edu/`whutt/psy702/morchr/morchr.html,2007-12-11..
③A Nation At Risk: The Imperative For Educational Reform[EB/OL].. http://www.ed.gov/pubs/NatAtRisk/risk.html.
④Elam, S.M., Lowell, C.R.& Gallup, A.M. Gallup Poll[J]. Phi Delta Kappan,1994,76(1):41-56.
⑤Madonna M. Murphy. Character Education in American’s Blue School: Best Practice for Meeting the Challenge[M]. Lancaster, Penn: Technomic Publishing Company, Inc, 1998,39.
①Mission and Vision Statements: Character Education Partership Mission Statement[EB/OL].http://www.character.org/site/c.ipIJKOEJsG/b.3438943/k.4101/Mission_and Vision_Statements.html,2007-03-12.
②Character Education and Civic Engagement Technical Assistance Center(CETAC) [EB/OL]. http://www.cetac.org/. html,2006-06-05.
③林杰.当代美国品格教育运动述评[D]:[硕士学位论文].济南:山东师范大学教育科学学院, 2006.
④Character Education Manifesto[EB/OL].http://www.bu.edu/sed/caec/files/manifesto.html,2008-12-19.
⑤Charles Helwig, Elliot Turiel & Larry Nucci. Character Education After the Bandwagon has Gone[R]. Symposium Conducted at the Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Chicago, March 1997.
①G.W.Bush. The No Child Left Behind Act[EB/OL]. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No_Child_Left_Behind_Act.
②U.S. Department of Education. U.S. DE Strategic Plan 2002-2007[EB/OL]. http://www.ed.gov/pubs/straplan2002-07/index.html,2002-5-30.
③http://www. charactercounts.org/research/index.html,2010-04-17.
④林杰.当代美国品格教育运动述评[D]:[硕士学位论文].济南:山东师范大学教育科学学院, 2006.
⑤Le Ann Meyer. Programs and Problems: The Citizenship Education Issue[M]. Denver: Education Commission of the States,1979,33.
①[美]沃尔特?帕克.美国中小学社会与公民教育[M].谢竹艳移.南京:江苏教育出版社,2006,3.
②Times Mirror Center for People and the Press. The Age of Indifference[M]. Washington, D.C.: Times Mirror Center for People and the Press, 1999,1.
③The National Assessment of Edcational Progress. The Civics Report Card[R]. Priceton, N.J.: Educational Testing Service,1990, 65.
④National Commission on Social Studies in the Schools. Charting a Course: Social Studies Curriculum for the 21st Century[M]. Washington D.C.: The Curriculum Task Force of the National Commission on Social Science Disciplinary Associations, 1989,3.
⑤Bennett. A Critical Look at Curriculum Goals[J]. Principal, November 1986: 11-15.
①The Bradley Commission on History in Schools. Building a History Curriculum: Guidelines for Teaching History Schools[M]. Westlake, Ohio: The National Council For History Education, Inc.1988,4-7.
②The Bradley Commission on History in Schools. Building a History Curriculum: Guidelines for Teaching History Schools[M]. Washington, DC.: Educational Excellence Network,1988,37.
③NAEP. National Standars for History for Grades k-4: Expanding Children’s World in Time and Space[M]. Los Angeles: National Center for History in the Schools, 1994,1.
④NAEP. U.S. History Framework for the 1994 National Assessment of Education Progress(NAEP)[M]. Washington,D.C.:Department of Education, 1994,18.
①丁尧清.美国标准化运动中的社会科课程改革[J].外国教育研究, 2002,29(09):31-35.
①U.S. Department of Education. U.S. DE Strategic Plan 2002-2007[EB/OL]. http://www.ed.gov/pubs/straplan2002-07/index.html,2002-05-14/2002-5-30.
②代志鹏.解读美国中小学地理课程标准[J].外国中小学教育,2007, (02):41-43.
③John J. Cogan. Civic Education in the United States: A Brief History[J]. Social Education, Spr/Summ 1999,14 (01):52-64.
①William Bennett. A Critical Look at Curriculum Goals[J]. Principal, November 1986: 11-15.
②代志鹏.解读美国中小学地理课程标准[J].外国中小学教育,2007, (02):41-43.
①D. Meinig: The Shaping of America: A Geographic Perspective on 500 Years of American History[M]. New Haven, CT:Yale University Press, 1987,vii.
②John J. Patriek. Geography in History: A Neeessary Connection in the School Curriculum[J]. Bloomington IN: ERIC.Clearinghouse for Social Studies/Social Science Education, 1993,(07):12-19.
①Ravitch, Diane and Chester E. Finn. Jr.. What Do Our 17-Year Olds Know? A Report on the First National Assessment of History and Literature[M]. New York: Harper and Row, 1987, 209-210.
②California State Department of Education. History-Social Science framework for California Public Schools[A]. Sacramento:California State Department of Education,1988.
③陈新民.美国中学社会科中的历史与地理[J].学科教育, 2003,(11):40-43.
①陈新民.美国中学社会科中的历史与地理[J].学科教育, 2003,(11):40-43.
②John J Patrick. Geography in American History[J]. Official Publication of the Illinois Council for the Social Studies,1990,50 Volume:5-15.
①陈新民.美国中学社会科中的历史与地理[J].学科教育, 2003,(11):40-43.
②Nathan Glazer. We Are All Multicuturalists Now[M]. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1997,Preface.
③Gurpreet Mahajan. The Muticultural Path: Issues of Diversity and Discrimination In Democracy[M]. London: Saga Publications, 2002, 15-18.
④R. Freeman Butts. The Revival of Civic Learning: A Rationale for Citizenship Education in Amrican Schools[M]. Bloomington, IND: Phi Delta Kappa Education Foundation, 1980, 10.
①Rudolph Vecoli. Gale Encyclopedia of Muticutural America(Volume I)[M]. New York: Gale Research Inc., 1995, xxii.
②Robert Nisbet. Twilight of Authority[M]. New York: Oxford University Press, 1975,3-5.
③[加拿大]威尔?金里卡.少数的权利——民族主义、多元文化主义和公民[M].上海:世纪出版集团,2005.328-347.
④Kymlicka, Will. Multicutural Citizenship: A Liberal Theory of Minority Rights[M]. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995a,3.
①Gates, H.L. Goodbye, Columbus? Notes on the Culture of Criticism[J]. American Liberary History,1991,(03):711-727.
②Yong, I.M. Justice and the politics of Difference[M]. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1990, 97.
③R. Freeman Butts. The Revival of Civic Learning: A Rationale for Citizenship Education in Amrican Schools[M]. Bloomington, IND: Phi Delta Kappa Education Foundation, 1980, 84.
④[加拿大]威尔?金里卡.少数的权利——民族主义、多元文化主义和公民[M].上海:世纪出版集团,2005.337.
①Gutmann, Amy. Democratic Education[M]. Princeton: Princeton Univetsity Press,1987,51.
②[加拿大]威尔?金里卡.少数的权利——民族主义、多元文化主义和公民[M].上海:世纪出版集团,2005.324-325.
③Banks, J.A. &Clegg, A.A.Jr. Teaching Strategies for the Social Studies: Inquiry, Valuing and Decision-Making[M]. NY: Longman, 2001, 211.
④The Center for Civic Education. The National Standards for Civics and Government[M]. The Center for Civic Education, 5146 Douglas Fir Road, Calabasas, CA91302-1467,2000, 1.
①R. Freeman Butts. The Revival of Civic Learning: A Rationale for Citizenship Education in Amrican Schools[M]. Bloomington, IND: Phi Delta Kappa Education Foundation, 1980, 127-128.
②Le Ann Meyer. Programs and Problems: The Citizenship Education Issue[M]. Denver: Education Commission of the States,1979, 33.
③John Rawls. A Theory of Justice[M]. Cambridge, Mass: Harward University Press, 1971, 5.
①R.Freeman Butts. What Is the Nature of Man?Images of Man in Our American Culture[M]. Philadephia: Christian Education Press, 1959, 146-160.
②John Rawls. A Theory of Justice[M]. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1971, 61.
③John Higham. Integration vs. Pluralism: Another American Dilemma[J]. The Center Magazine, July/August, 1974: 67-73.
④R. Freeman Butts. The Revival of Civic Learning: A Rationale for Citizenship Education in Amrican Schools[M]. Bloomington, IND: Phi Delta Kappa Education Foundation, 1980, 143.
⑤Robert M. Maclver. The Web of Government[M]. New York: Macmillan, 1947, 83.
⑥R. Freeman Butts. The Revival of Civic Learning: A Rationale for Citizenship Education in Amrican Schools[M]. Bloomington, IND: Phi Delta Kappa Education Foundation, 1980, 144.
⑦R. Freeman Butts. The Morality of Democratic Citizenship: Goals for Civic Education in the Republic’s Third Century[M]. Calabasas, California: Center for Civic Education, 1988,161.
①Benjamin R. Barber. Voting is Not Enough[J]. Atlantic Monthly, June 1984: 52-60.
②Law in a Free Society. On Responsibility: A Casebook [M]. Santa Monica,Cal: Law in a Free Society, 1972,1-2.
③R. Freeman Butts. The Revival of Civic Learning: A Rationale for Citizenship Education in Amrican Schools[M]. Bloomington, IND: Phi Delta Kappa Education Foundation, 1980, 157.
④Barbara Ward and Rene Dubos. Only One Earth: The Care and Maintenance of a Small Planet[M]. New York: Norton, 1972,xviii.
①Social Studies 9 and 10. Global Studies: Tentative Syllabus[M]. Albany, N.Y.: New York State Education Department, 1987, 21.
②Patrick, John J. National Standards as Reflectors and Disrectors of Practices in Civic Education in the U.S.A.[C]. International Civic Education Conference Papers, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 1996, 3.
③吕达,周满生.当代外国教育改革著名文献(美国卷?第三册)[M].北京:人民教育出版社,237-238.
④Patrick, John J. National Standards as Reflectors and Disrectors of Practices in Civic Education in the U.S.A.[C]. International Civic Education Conference Papers, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 1996, 5.
①Patrick, John J. National Standards as Reflectors and Disrectors of Practices in Civic Education in the U.S.A.[C]. International Civic Education Conference Papers, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 1996,7-8.
②Center for Civic Education. National Standards for Civics and Government[M]. Calabasas, California: Center for Civic Education, 1994,1
③The Center for Civic Education. The National Standards for Civics and Government[M]. The Center for Civic Education, 5146 Douglas Fir Road, Calabasas, CA91302-1467,2004, 87-88.
④刘军.通过教育捍卫民主——美国中小学公民教育的国家标准[J].开放时代, 2006(06):129-133.
①Patrick, John J. National Standards as Reflectors and Disrectors of Practices in Civic Education in the U.S.A.[C]. International Civic Education Conference Papers, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 1996, 4.
②B. Frank Brown. Education for Responsible Citizesnhip: The Report of the National Task Force on Citizenhsip Education[M]. New York: McGRAW-HILL BOOK COMPANY, 1977, 9.
①高峰.美国公民教育的基本内涵[J].比较教育研究, 2005,(05): 55-60.
②Patrick, John J.The Concept of Citizenship in Education for Democracy[J]. ERIC Digest,1999-08-00,ED432532,1-6.
①Douglas B. Klusmeyer. Between Consent and Descent: Conceptions Of Democratic Citizenship[M]. Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowmnet for Internatioanl Peace, 1996, 97.
①Ibid.,94.
②李道揆.美国政府和美国政治(下册)[M].北京:商务印书馆,1999,797.
①Kirk H. Porter. A history of Suffrage in the United States[M]. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1918,112-134.
①Samuel P. Huntington. The Erosion of American National Interests[J]. Foreign Affairs, New York: Sep/Oct 1997,22-30.
①埃里克?霍布斯鲍姆.民族与民主主义[M].李金梅译.上海:上海人民出版社,2000,108.
②复旦大学美国研究中心.美国研究论文选辑[M].上海:复旦大学出版社,1995,185.
③Derek Heater. A History of Education for Citizenship[M]. London and New York: Routledge Falmer, 2004,156.
①R. Freeman Butts. The Revival of Civic Learning: A Rationale for Citizenship Education in Amrican Schools[M]. Bloomington, IND: Phi Delta Kappa Education Foundation, 1980, 74.
②Center for Civic Education. Report of the Task Force on Civic Education: The Second Annual White House Conference on Character Building for a Democratic,Civic Society[R].1995,3.
③Cogan, John J. Civic Education in the United States: A Brief History[J]. International Journal of Social Education. 1999, Spring/Summer, V.14No.1:52-64.
①唐克军.比较公民教育[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社, 2008, 51-53.
②John J. Cogan & Raymond Derricott. Citizenship for the 21st Century: An International perspective on Education[M]. England: Clays Ltd.St Lves ple. 1998,64-65.
③[美]塞缪尔?P?亨廷顿,[法]米歇尔?克罗齐和[日]绵贯让治.民主的危机——就民主国家的同质能力写给三边委员会的报告[M].北京:求是出版社, 1989, 100-102.
①Isaiah Berlin. Nationalism: Past Neglect and Present Power[J]. Partisan Review,1979,46(No.3):348-356.
①Kerry J. Kennedy. Citizenship Education and the Modern State[M]. New York: The Falmer Press,1997,139-146.