中心阀式制动主缸的开发
摘要
中心阀式制动主缸是配备装有ABS自动防抱死制动系统的汽车部件。早期主要配置较高档的轿车。90年代中期以后，国内许多中档轿车也开始大面积配置ABS系统。但由于我国轿车工业和相关零部件产业与国际先进水平还有很大差距，中心阀主缸产品在2000年以前国内还没有任何厂家生产。
普通的制动主缸是补偿孔式结构，存不工作时主缸的高压腔通过其缸壁的补偿孔与油杯相通，保证供油。制动时推杆推动活塞向前运动，带动皮碗向前通过补偿孔后形成密封腔，产生液压。每次建压皮碗就通过补偿孔一次，不利于皮碗的耐久使用。
中心阀主缸结构上完全区别于普通主缸的密封方式，是在活塞中心设置一个阀门机构，该机构由装入活塞内的中心阀弹簧、中心阀芯、阀体部件和装在活塞上的弹簧座组成。在非工作时，阀门处于常开状态，使高压腔与低压腔相通。制动时推杆推动活塞向前运动，而中心阀芯在中心阀弹簧的作用下相对活塞及阀体部件向后运动，使阀门关闭，产生液压。在ABS作用下液压随着轮速传感器的信号不断调整液压，以防车轮抱死。
中心阀制动主缸较补偿孔主缸改善了畅通性、灵活性和可靠性，提高了使用寿命。但其加工难度较大，成本较高。
Central Valve (hereinafter referred to "CV") type Brake Master Cylinder is designed for automobile equipped with Anti-Block System (hereinafter referred to '"ABS"). At the very beginning, CV Master Cylinder was mainly installed on high-end cars. From middle of 1990's on, some local mid-end cars begin to be equipped with ABS, but there exists big gap between Chinese car industry as well as relevant parts and international advanced. So CV master cylinder has not been put into product yet round China before 2000.
Common design of brake master cylinder has a hole. At released position, the hole connects working chamber to brake fluid reservoir so as to provide brake fluid. At brake position, pushrod moves forward together with piston, till seal cup passed the hole, high pressure built up in the working chamber. Each pressure building needs seal cup passing the hole, it will reduce seal cup's working life.
Sealing of CV master cylinder features totally different with that of common master cylinder, a valve unit, consisting of a central valve spring inside of piston, a central valve, valve body and a spring seat against the piston. At released position, the central valve always keeps open, working chamber connecting to supply chamber. At brake position, pushrod against the piston moves forward, the central valve moves backward relatively to the piston and valve body by force of the central valve spring, thus central valve is closed, so hydraulic pressure is built up in the working chamber. Under the influence of ABS, the said hydraulic pressure is regulated according to signal from wheel speed sensor to prevent a wheel is blocked.
Compared with common design, CV master cylinder features good fluid thoroughness, smoothness and reliability, thus owns longer working life. Owing to its complicated manufacturing process, so central valve is more expensive.
普通的制动主缸是补偿孔式结构，存不工作时主缸的高压腔通过其缸壁的补偿孔与油杯相通，保证供油。制动时推杆推动活塞向前运动，带动皮碗向前通过补偿孔后形成密封腔，产生液压。每次建压皮碗就通过补偿孔一次，不利于皮碗的耐久使用。
中心阀主缸结构上完全区别于普通主缸的密封方式，是在活塞中心设置一个阀门机构，该机构由装入活塞内的中心阀弹簧、中心阀芯、阀体部件和装在活塞上的弹簧座组成。在非工作时，阀门处于常开状态，使高压腔与低压腔相通。制动时推杆推动活塞向前运动，而中心阀芯在中心阀弹簧的作用下相对活塞及阀体部件向后运动，使阀门关闭，产生液压。在ABS作用下液压随着轮速传感器的信号不断调整液压，以防车轮抱死。
中心阀制动主缸较补偿孔主缸改善了畅通性、灵活性和可靠性，提高了使用寿命。但其加工难度较大，成本较高。
Central Valve (hereinafter referred to "CV") type Brake Master Cylinder is designed for automobile equipped with Anti-Block System (hereinafter referred to '"ABS"). At the very beginning, CV Master Cylinder was mainly installed on high-end cars. From middle of 1990's on, some local mid-end cars begin to be equipped with ABS, but there exists big gap between Chinese car industry as well as relevant parts and international advanced. So CV master cylinder has not been put into product yet round China before 2000.
Common design of brake master cylinder has a hole. At released position, the hole connects working chamber to brake fluid reservoir so as to provide brake fluid. At brake position, pushrod moves forward together with piston, till seal cup passed the hole, high pressure built up in the working chamber. Each pressure building needs seal cup passing the hole, it will reduce seal cup's working life.
Sealing of CV master cylinder features totally different with that of common master cylinder, a valve unit, consisting of a central valve spring inside of piston, a central valve, valve body and a spring seat against the piston. At released position, the central valve always keeps open, working chamber connecting to supply chamber. At brake position, pushrod against the piston moves forward, the central valve moves backward relatively to the piston and valve body by force of the central valve spring, thus central valve is closed, so hydraulic pressure is built up in the working chamber. Under the influence of ABS, the said hydraulic pressure is regulated according to signal from wheel speed sensor to prevent a wheel is blocked.
Compared with common design, CV master cylinder features good fluid thoroughness, smoothness and reliability, thus owns longer working life. Owing to its complicated manufacturing process, so central valve is more expensive.
引文
1 吴植民．《汽车构造》．吉林工业大学：人民交通出版社，1990
2 陈久长．《微型汽车制动系构造与维修》．国营长安机器厂汽车研究所：汽车杂志社，1990
3 (美)L．埃克霍恩．《汽车制动系统》：机械工业出版社，1998．8
4 司利增．《汽车防滑控制系统》：人民交通出版社，1997．7
5 L．鲁道夫．《汽车制动系统的分析与设计》：机械工业出版社，1985．
6 黄祖永．《地面车辆原理》：机械工业出版社，1985．
7 SAE J2246, Jun92. ANTILOCK BRAKE SYSTEM REVlEW. 1993 SAE HANDBook, Volume 2. Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc. USA. 1993.
8 Heinz Leiber, Armin Ozinczel. Four Years of Experience With 4-Wheel Antiskid Brake Systems (ABS). Paper 830481 presented at the International Congress and Exposition, Detroit, Michigan, Feburary, 1983.
9 H. W. Bleckmann, J. Burgdorf, H. E. Von Grunberg. The First Compact 4-wheel Anti-Skid System with Integral Hydraulic Booster. Paper 830483 presened at the International Congress and Expositon, Detroit, Michigan, February, 1983.
10 Peter Hattwig. Cost-Benefit Analysis of Simplified ABS. Paper 850053 presented at the International Congress and Exposition, Detroit, Michigan, February, 1985.
11 方泳龙．《汽车车制动理论与设计》：国防工业出版社
12 齐晓杰．《防抱死制动和牵引力控制系统》：化学工业出版社
13 谢柞水《结构优化设计概论》：国防工业出版社，1997
14 John W. Webb Ronald A. Reis. Programmable Logic Controllers: Principles and Applications. ISBN: 0-13-041672-X:2003
15 Robert Filer George Leinonen. Programmable Controllers Using Allen-Bradley SLC500 and Control-Logix ISBN: 0-13-025603-X, 2002
16 Mitsubishi Fxon-3a Special Function Blook user's Guide, 1997
17 Mitsubishi Cc-link Interface Block Fx2n-32ccl User's manual, 1999
18 Junbeom Yoo, Sungdeok Cha, Han Seong Son, et al. Plc -Based Safety Critical Software Development for Nuclear Power Plants ISBN: 3-540-23176-52004
19 Josef Tapken, Henning Dierks MOBY/PLC-Graphical Development of PLC-Automata ISSN: 0302-9743 2003
20 杨维和．汽车制动器真空助力器的工作原理与性能计算：汽车技术，1991(10)
21 EBNER H. T. Brake Calculations, General Formulas, July 1990
22 刘惟信编著．汽车制动系统的结构分析与设计计算．北京：清华大学出版社
23 真空助力器技术条件．QC／T 307-1999
24 机动车运行安全技术条件．GB 7258-1999
25 汽车液压制动主缸技术条件．QC／T 311-1999
26 张宝成 吴光强 丁玉兰 刘岩．汽车驱动防滑的控制方法研究．汽车工程．2000(22)
27 陈家瑞 主编．汽车构造．北京：机械工业出版社
28 赵桂范 郑德林 郭岩 主编．汽车设计．哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学出版社．1994
29 施姚光编．汽车制动系统的结构与维修．北京：国防工业出版社．1999
30 Dr. Henning Luepertz. Bremsenhandbauch Alfred Teves GmbH, Teves公司制动手册
31 Bremskraftverstaerker (Unterdruck) mit HZ, VW-TL 873(德国大众公司标准)
32 Hydraulische Bremsen Functionsanforderungen: VW-TL 901(德国大众公司标准)
33 Bremsgeraet (Unterdruck)mit ABS/EDS: VW-TL 822 67(德国大众公司标准)
34 Vacuum Boosters, Mazda Engineering Standard MES PA 43800C(日本马自达标准)
35 刘大维主编．汽车工程概论．北京：机械工业出版社，2004年版。
36 清华大学 余志生主编．汽车理论．北京：机械工业出版社，2004年版
37 吉林大学 王望予 主编．汽车设计．北京：机械工业出版社，2004年版
38 清华大学 关文达 主编．汽车构造．北京：清华大学出版社．2004年版
39 蔡兴旺 主编．汽车构造与原理．北京：机械工业出版社．2004年版
40 杨维和．制动真空助力器特性曲线的综合评价．汽车技术，1999(9)
2 陈久长．《微型汽车制动系构造与维修》．国营长安机器厂汽车研究所：汽车杂志社，1990
3 (美)L．埃克霍恩．《汽车制动系统》：机械工业出版社，1998．8
4 司利增．《汽车防滑控制系统》：人民交通出版社，1997．7
5 L．鲁道夫．《汽车制动系统的分析与设计》：机械工业出版社，1985．
6 黄祖永．《地面车辆原理》：机械工业出版社，1985．
7 SAE J2246, Jun92. ANTILOCK BRAKE SYSTEM REVlEW. 1993 SAE HANDBook, Volume 2. Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc. USA. 1993.
8 Heinz Leiber, Armin Ozinczel. Four Years of Experience With 4-Wheel Antiskid Brake Systems (ABS). Paper 830481 presented at the International Congress and Exposition, Detroit, Michigan, Feburary, 1983.
9 H. W. Bleckmann, J. Burgdorf, H. E. Von Grunberg. The First Compact 4-wheel Anti-Skid System with Integral Hydraulic Booster. Paper 830483 presened at the International Congress and Expositon, Detroit, Michigan, February, 1983.
10 Peter Hattwig. Cost-Benefit Analysis of Simplified ABS. Paper 850053 presented at the International Congress and Exposition, Detroit, Michigan, February, 1985.
11 方泳龙．《汽车车制动理论与设计》：国防工业出版社
12 齐晓杰．《防抱死制动和牵引力控制系统》：化学工业出版社
13 谢柞水《结构优化设计概论》：国防工业出版社，1997
14 John W. Webb Ronald A. Reis. Programmable Logic Controllers: Principles and Applications. ISBN: 0-13-041672-X:2003
15 Robert Filer George Leinonen. Programmable Controllers Using Allen-Bradley SLC500 and Control-Logix ISBN: 0-13-025603-X, 2002
16 Mitsubishi Fxon-3a Special Function Blook user's Guide, 1997
17 Mitsubishi Cc-link Interface Block Fx2n-32ccl User's manual, 1999
18 Junbeom Yoo, Sungdeok Cha, Han Seong Son, et al. Plc -Based Safety Critical Software Development for Nuclear Power Plants ISBN: 3-540-23176-52004
19 Josef Tapken, Henning Dierks MOBY/PLC-Graphical Development of PLC-Automata ISSN: 0302-9743 2003
20 杨维和．汽车制动器真空助力器的工作原理与性能计算：汽车技术，1991(10)
21 EBNER H. T. Brake Calculations, General Formulas, July 1990
22 刘惟信编著．汽车制动系统的结构分析与设计计算．北京：清华大学出版社
23 真空助力器技术条件．QC／T 307-1999
24 机动车运行安全技术条件．GB 7258-1999
25 汽车液压制动主缸技术条件．QC／T 311-1999
26 张宝成 吴光强 丁玉兰 刘岩．汽车驱动防滑的控制方法研究．汽车工程．2000(22)
27 陈家瑞 主编．汽车构造．北京：机械工业出版社
28 赵桂范 郑德林 郭岩 主编．汽车设计．哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学出版社．1994
29 施姚光编．汽车制动系统的结构与维修．北京：国防工业出版社．1999
30 Dr. Henning Luepertz. Bremsenhandbauch Alfred Teves GmbH, Teves公司制动手册
31 Bremskraftverstaerker (Unterdruck) mit HZ, VW-TL 873(德国大众公司标准)
32 Hydraulische Bremsen Functionsanforderungen: VW-TL 901(德国大众公司标准)
33 Bremsgeraet (Unterdruck)mit ABS/EDS: VW-TL 822 67(德国大众公司标准)
34 Vacuum Boosters, Mazda Engineering Standard MES PA 43800C(日本马自达标准)
35 刘大维主编．汽车工程概论．北京：机械工业出版社，2004年版。
36 清华大学 余志生主编．汽车理论．北京：机械工业出版社，2004年版
37 吉林大学 王望予 主编．汽车设计．北京：机械工业出版社，2004年版
38 清华大学 关文达 主编．汽车构造．北京：清华大学出版社．2004年版
39 蔡兴旺 主编．汽车构造与原理．北京：机械工业出版社．2004年版
40 杨维和．制动真空助力器特性曲线的综合评价．汽车技术，1999(9)