轻轨PC梁锚固螺杆健康巡检车研究与设计
摘要
本文首先介绍了轻轨交通发展概况,分析了独轨交通的走行特点,提出了研制巡检车的必要性和撰写本文的目的及意义。
巡检车属于较复杂的行走机械产品,文中从系统的观点出发对巡检车的功能要求进行了较为详细的分析。通过对各种具体方案的对比分析和权衡各方案的优缺点,提出了巡检车的最终驱动方案、用电方案,并进行了详细的计算和分析,满足了所设计车辆的功能要求。
文中通过分析独轨车辆的走行特点,从巡检车的主要部分构成出发,完成了对驱动系统、走行装置、车体、车厢等主体部分的选择、计算和设计,同时应用人机工程学方法完成了对驾驶控制台的尺寸和布局设计。文中应用计算机辅助设计方法对巡检车车体、车厢进行了建模分析,完成了其可视化、参数化车架与车身设计,并对走行装置、车架、车厢进行虚拟装配。采用计算机辅助设计方法不仅修改方便,管理容易,缩短了产品研发时间,同时还可大大降低了开发成本。
另外,根据轮胎力学、汽车动力学方面的知识并结合独轨车辆行驶特点,对车辆在不同的行驶工况下所受到的阻力进行了详尽的分析并列出了行驶阻力表,为车辆的驱动计算提供了基础数据。探讨了独轨车辆沿导向轨道梁匀速直线前进时,车体构架及轮胎所产生的横摆、侧滚和摇头运动,并根据刚体运动学原理,在忽略垂直载荷的变化对走行轮胎各向刚度特性的影响下,建立了轮胎的三自由度方程,该动力方程反映了巡检车的横向运动特征,为研究巡检车在轨道梁上行驶稳定性奠定了基础。文中最后部分是对论文所研究工作的总结。
Firstly, the general situation of the development of Light Rail transport was introduced in this paper, then the need to manufacture this vehicle and the purpose and significance of writing this dissertation were presented.
This inspection vehicle belongs to the complex mechanical products. From the systematic point of view, the overall design scheme of this vehicle were given in detailed through functional analysis and the principal functional requirements of the vehicle were clarified. Then, after the comparison of the specific schema for each functional requirements and weighing the advantages and disadvantages of the various schemes, the final driving scheme and electricity scheme were obtained. Moreover, the detailed calculations and the choosing of main devices for constituting the scheme were completed in this dissertation.
Considered the principal components of this vehicle, calculation and design of the drive system, moving devices, vehicle body and the carriage were completed in this paper. Also the ergonomics had been applied to the design of the driving console. The vehicle body and the carriage were modeled by using UG software for its visualized and parametric design traits. And it because of its virtual assembly and easy to modify and manage that the product development time was shorten and development cost was reduced dramatically. In addition, according to tires mechanics, the vehicle dynamics knowledge and the unique moving traits of the straddle-type monorail vehicle, the resistance analysis under different driving conditions was calculated detailedly in form of Table. The resistance data Table has provided basic data for calculating the vehicle drive system.
The dissertation has explored and studied the lateral, roll and yaw movement of car body and tires. And the dymamical equation of this straddle type monorail vehicle is esTablelished by adopting linearized tire model according to rigid body kinematic theory under disregard of effects that the changes of vertical load have to the rigidness trait of the running tires. And this equation reflects the transverse movement of the vehicle and has laid the foundation to study the traffic sTableility of this straddle-type monorail vehicle. The final part is the conclusion of this dissertation.
巡检车属于较复杂的行走机械产品,文中从系统的观点出发对巡检车的功能要求进行了较为详细的分析。通过对各种具体方案的对比分析和权衡各方案的优缺点,提出了巡检车的最终驱动方案、用电方案,并进行了详细的计算和分析,满足了所设计车辆的功能要求。
文中通过分析独轨车辆的走行特点,从巡检车的主要部分构成出发,完成了对驱动系统、走行装置、车体、车厢等主体部分的选择、计算和设计,同时应用人机工程学方法完成了对驾驶控制台的尺寸和布局设计。文中应用计算机辅助设计方法对巡检车车体、车厢进行了建模分析,完成了其可视化、参数化车架与车身设计,并对走行装置、车架、车厢进行虚拟装配。采用计算机辅助设计方法不仅修改方便,管理容易,缩短了产品研发时间,同时还可大大降低了开发成本。
另外,根据轮胎力学、汽车动力学方面的知识并结合独轨车辆行驶特点,对车辆在不同的行驶工况下所受到的阻力进行了详尽的分析并列出了行驶阻力表,为车辆的驱动计算提供了基础数据。探讨了独轨车辆沿导向轨道梁匀速直线前进时,车体构架及轮胎所产生的横摆、侧滚和摇头运动,并根据刚体运动学原理,在忽略垂直载荷的变化对走行轮胎各向刚度特性的影响下,建立了轮胎的三自由度方程,该动力方程反映了巡检车的横向运动特征,为研究巡检车在轨道梁上行驶稳定性奠定了基础。文中最后部分是对论文所研究工作的总结。
Firstly, the general situation of the development of Light Rail transport was introduced in this paper, then the need to manufacture this vehicle and the purpose and significance of writing this dissertation were presented.
This inspection vehicle belongs to the complex mechanical products. From the systematic point of view, the overall design scheme of this vehicle were given in detailed through functional analysis and the principal functional requirements of the vehicle were clarified. Then, after the comparison of the specific schema for each functional requirements and weighing the advantages and disadvantages of the various schemes, the final driving scheme and electricity scheme were obtained. Moreover, the detailed calculations and the choosing of main devices for constituting the scheme were completed in this dissertation.
Considered the principal components of this vehicle, calculation and design of the drive system, moving devices, vehicle body and the carriage were completed in this paper. Also the ergonomics had been applied to the design of the driving console. The vehicle body and the carriage were modeled by using UG software for its visualized and parametric design traits. And it because of its virtual assembly and easy to modify and manage that the product development time was shorten and development cost was reduced dramatically. In addition, according to tires mechanics, the vehicle dynamics knowledge and the unique moving traits of the straddle-type monorail vehicle, the resistance analysis under different driving conditions was calculated detailedly in form of Table. The resistance data Table has provided basic data for calculating the vehicle drive system.
The dissertation has explored and studied the lateral, roll and yaw movement of car body and tires. And the dymamical equation of this straddle type monorail vehicle is esTablelished by adopting linearized tire model according to rigid body kinematic theory under disregard of effects that the changes of vertical load have to the rigidness trait of the running tires. And this equation reflects the transverse movement of the vehicle and has laid the foundation to study the traffic sTableility of this straddle-type monorail vehicle. The final part is the conclusion of this dissertation.
引文
[1] Swanson,T.D. Light rail vehicles and running safety. Railroad Conference,2002 ASME/IEEE Joint:17~27
[2] 张丽平,李芾,黄运华. 国外城市轻轨发展及应用概况.国外铁道车辆,2001.5,38(3):1~6
[3] 甑静,金辰虎. 我国轻轨交通发展战略.城市轨道交通研究,2002(1):18~20
[4] 张振淼. 城市轨道交通车辆结构与设计[M],上海:上海科学技术出版社,2002
[5] 余志生. 汽车理论[M],北京:机械工业出版社,1998
[6] 吴社强. 汽车构造[M],上海:上海科学技术出版社,2003
[7] 姚怀新. 工程机械底盘及其液压传动理论. 人民交通出版社,2001
[8] 张利平. 液压传动系统及设计. 化学工业出版社,2005
[9] 黄靖远. 机械设计学. 机械工业出版社,1987.8
[10] 黄天铭. 机械系统学. 重庆出版社,1994.4 :124-132
[11] 魏俊民. 机电一体化系统设计. 中国纺织出版社,1998
[12] 叶元烈. 机械现代设计方法学. 中国计量出版社,2000
[13] http://tjae.tongji.edu.cn/course/
[14] http://me.seu.edu.cn/course/mechdesign/netcourse/24000000.htm
[15] http://www.autoworld.com.cn/mantan.htm
[16] 曾向阳,谢国明,王学平. UG NX 基础设计及应用教程.北京:电子工业出版社,2004.1
[17] 曾向阳,谢国明,王学平. UG NX 高级开发实例.北京:电子工业出版社,2004.1
[18] 洪如瑾. UG NX CAD 快速入门指导. 清华大学出版社,2003.3
[19] 郭竹亭. 汽车车身设计. 吉林科学技术出版社,1992
[20] 黄天泽. 大客车车身. 湖南大学出版社,1998
[21] 许斯河,傅先容. 《城市轻轨交通资料》. 铁道第二勘测设计院,2002
[22] 何锋,杨宁. 汽车动力学. 贵州科技出版社,2003
[23] 庄继德. 汽车轮胎学[M],北京:北京理工大学出版社,1996
[24] 周勇. 跨坐式单轨交通工程设计与研究. 西南交通大学学位论文.2002
[25] 任利惠,周劲松,沈钢. 基于特征根的跨坐式独轨车辆的稳定性分析[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版) 2003, 31 (4): 469-472.
[26] Coda K, Nishigaito T. A Curving Simulation for a Monorail Car [A].Railroad Conference[ C], 2000.Procedings of the 2000 ASME/IEEE Joint. 171-177.
[27] 张相庭. 结构风压和风振计算. 同济大学出版社,1985
[28] 王继成. 产品设计中的人机工程学. 化学工业出版社,2004
[29] 白恩远. 安全人机工程学. 兵器工业出版社,1996
[30] GB/T14776-93, 人类工效学. 工作岗位尺寸设计原则与其尺寸[S].
[31] 童时中. 坐姿控制台尺寸的人机工程学.
[32] GB/T 12985-1991. 在产品设计中应用人体尺寸百分位数的通则[S].
[33] 姚怀新. 工程车辆液压元件工作压力的合理选择与匹配. 长安大学学报(自然科学版),2002.7,第 22 卷第 4 期:70～74
[34] 姚怀新. 工程车辆液压液压驱动系统的构成与特点分析(一). 建筑机械,2005.03:105~107
[35] 姚怀新. 工程车辆液压液压驱动系统的构成与特点分析(二). 建筑机械,2005.04:108~110
[36] 姚怀新. 工程车辆液压液压驱动系统的构成与特点分析(三). 建筑机械,2005.05:104~108
[37] 姚怀新. 工程车辆液压液压驱动系统的构成与特点分析(四). 建筑机械,2005.06:96~100
[38] 武雅丽,姚怀新. 液压驱动工程车辆牵引性能参数的配置与控制. 长安大学学报(自然科学版),2004.7,第24卷第4期:74～78
[39] 王意. 行走机械液压驱动技术发展大观. 液压气动与密封,2000.2,第 1 期:19～24
[40] 王意. 行走机械液压驱动技术发展大观(续). 液压气动与密封,2000.6,第 3 期:1～6
[41] 王意. 车辆和行走机械的轮边液压驱动技术. 专题报道 MM Features,2002,第 2 期:24～26
[42] 仲建华. 重庆“较-新”线跨座式单轨车辆技术特征. 现代城市轨道交通,2004.1:15～18
[43] Mora,J. A streetcar named light rail. Spectrum,IEEE,1991.2,28(2):54～56
[44] Bekker MG. Theory of land locomotion. The University of Michigan Press, 1956.
[45] A.Bodin. Development of a tracked vehicle to study the influence of vehicle parameters on tractive performance in soft terrain. Journal of Terramechanics 36 (1999): 167～181
[46] 唐中一 于今. 复合传动与控制. 重庆大学出版社,2004.10
[47] NSK Precision rolling bearings for machine tool spindles,Pr,NO,AP4
[48] E.B.HAVGEN,Drobabilistic Mechanical Design, 1980
[49] Pahl.G, Beitz,Engineering Design,London:theDesign Gouncil,1984
[50] M.J.French,Conceptnal Design for Engineers ,1999
[51] hiou S.J..,automated Conceptual Design of Mechanisma, Mechanism and Machine Design,1999(34):417-495
[52] Ian L.,GeroJ.S.Function-behanior-structure paths and their Role in Analogy-based Design AIEDAM,1996.10
[53] Thornton , R. D. , " Monorail Maglev , " Magnetic levitation Technology and Transportation Strategies , SAE Publication SP-834 , SAE Transportation and Technology Conference , August 13 , 1990 .pp 61~67
[54] A. Stribersky,”Structural dynamics and ride comfort of a rail vehicle system”.Advances in Engineering Software 33, 2002, 541~552
[55] R.J.Anderson, “A General, Multi-body Approach to Dymamic Modelling of Rail Vehicles”, Proc. ASME International Computers in Engineering Conference, 1983, 223
[2] 张丽平,李芾,黄运华. 国外城市轻轨发展及应用概况.国外铁道车辆,2001.5,38(3):1~6
[3] 甑静,金辰虎. 我国轻轨交通发展战略.城市轨道交通研究,2002(1):18~20
[4] 张振淼. 城市轨道交通车辆结构与设计[M],上海:上海科学技术出版社,2002
[5] 余志生. 汽车理论[M],北京:机械工业出版社,1998
[6] 吴社强. 汽车构造[M],上海:上海科学技术出版社,2003
[7] 姚怀新. 工程机械底盘及其液压传动理论. 人民交通出版社,2001
[8] 张利平. 液压传动系统及设计. 化学工业出版社,2005
[9] 黄靖远. 机械设计学. 机械工业出版社,1987.8
[10] 黄天铭. 机械系统学. 重庆出版社,1994.4 :124-132
[11] 魏俊民. 机电一体化系统设计. 中国纺织出版社,1998
[12] 叶元烈. 机械现代设计方法学. 中国计量出版社,2000
[13] http://tjae.tongji.edu.cn/course/
[14] http://me.seu.edu.cn/course/mechdesign/netcourse/24000000.htm
[15] http://www.autoworld.com.cn/mantan.htm
[16] 曾向阳,谢国明,王学平. UG NX 基础设计及应用教程.北京:电子工业出版社,2004.1
[17] 曾向阳,谢国明,王学平. UG NX 高级开发实例.北京:电子工业出版社,2004.1
[18] 洪如瑾. UG NX CAD 快速入门指导. 清华大学出版社,2003.3
[19] 郭竹亭. 汽车车身设计. 吉林科学技术出版社,1992
[20] 黄天泽. 大客车车身. 湖南大学出版社,1998
[21] 许斯河,傅先容. 《城市轻轨交通资料》. 铁道第二勘测设计院,2002
[22] 何锋,杨宁. 汽车动力学. 贵州科技出版社,2003
[23] 庄继德. 汽车轮胎学[M],北京:北京理工大学出版社,1996
[24] 周勇. 跨坐式单轨交通工程设计与研究. 西南交通大学学位论文.2002
[25] 任利惠,周劲松,沈钢. 基于特征根的跨坐式独轨车辆的稳定性分析[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版) 2003, 31 (4): 469-472.
[26] Coda K, Nishigaito T. A Curving Simulation for a Monorail Car [A].Railroad Conference[ C], 2000.Procedings of the 2000 ASME/IEEE Joint. 171-177.
[27] 张相庭. 结构风压和风振计算. 同济大学出版社,1985
[28] 王继成. 产品设计中的人机工程学. 化学工业出版社,2004
[29] 白恩远. 安全人机工程学. 兵器工业出版社,1996
[30] GB/T14776-93, 人类工效学. 工作岗位尺寸设计原则与其尺寸[S].
[31] 童时中. 坐姿控制台尺寸的人机工程学.
[32] GB/T 12985-1991. 在产品设计中应用人体尺寸百分位数的通则[S].
[33] 姚怀新. 工程车辆液压元件工作压力的合理选择与匹配. 长安大学学报(自然科学版),2002.7,第 22 卷第 4 期:70～74
[34] 姚怀新. 工程车辆液压液压驱动系统的构成与特点分析(一). 建筑机械,2005.03:105~107
[35] 姚怀新. 工程车辆液压液压驱动系统的构成与特点分析(二). 建筑机械,2005.04:108~110
[36] 姚怀新. 工程车辆液压液压驱动系统的构成与特点分析(三). 建筑机械,2005.05:104~108
[37] 姚怀新. 工程车辆液压液压驱动系统的构成与特点分析(四). 建筑机械,2005.06:96~100
[38] 武雅丽,姚怀新. 液压驱动工程车辆牵引性能参数的配置与控制. 长安大学学报(自然科学版),2004.7,第24卷第4期:74～78
[39] 王意. 行走机械液压驱动技术发展大观. 液压气动与密封,2000.2,第 1 期:19～24
[40] 王意. 行走机械液压驱动技术发展大观(续). 液压气动与密封,2000.6,第 3 期:1～6
[41] 王意. 车辆和行走机械的轮边液压驱动技术. 专题报道 MM Features,2002,第 2 期:24～26
[42] 仲建华. 重庆“较-新”线跨座式单轨车辆技术特征. 现代城市轨道交通,2004.1:15～18
[43] Mora,J. A streetcar named light rail. Spectrum,IEEE,1991.2,28(2):54～56
[44] Bekker MG. Theory of land locomotion. The University of Michigan Press, 1956.
[45] A.Bodin. Development of a tracked vehicle to study the influence of vehicle parameters on tractive performance in soft terrain. Journal of Terramechanics 36 (1999): 167～181
[46] 唐中一 于今. 复合传动与控制. 重庆大学出版社,2004.10
[47] NSK Precision rolling bearings for machine tool spindles,Pr,NO,AP4
[48] E.B.HAVGEN,Drobabilistic Mechanical Design, 1980
[49] Pahl.G, Beitz,Engineering Design,London:theDesign Gouncil,1984
[50] M.J.French,Conceptnal Design for Engineers ,1999
[51] hiou S.J..,automated Conceptual Design of Mechanisma, Mechanism and Machine Design,1999(34):417-495
[52] Ian L.,GeroJ.S.Function-behanior-structure paths and their Role in Analogy-based Design AIEDAM,1996.10
[53] Thornton , R. D. , " Monorail Maglev , " Magnetic levitation Technology and Transportation Strategies , SAE Publication SP-834 , SAE Transportation and Technology Conference , August 13 , 1990 .pp 61~67
[54] A. Stribersky,”Structural dynamics and ride comfort of a rail vehicle system”.Advances in Engineering Software 33, 2002, 541~552
[55] R.J.Anderson, “A General, Multi-body Approach to Dymamic Modelling of Rail Vehicles”, Proc. ASME International Computers in Engineering Conference, 1983, 223