高速动车组电磁兼容性关键技术研究
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摘要
摘要：到目前为止,国内外针对高速动车组的电磁兼容性的研究仅局限于对电磁兼容现象简单分析、测试以及评估。将高速铁路系统总体,包括其外部复杂电磁环境作为研究对象,对高速动车组的电磁兼容性做出较为全面的理论分析和研究,将对高速铁路的发展产生非常重要的意义。因此,本文以高速动车组整车为研究对象,采用电磁拓扑法和电磁兼容基本理论对高速动车组整车的电磁兼容性进行了研究。电磁拓扑法的基本思想是把整个复杂系统按照一定原则划分成许多相对简单和独立的子区域,这些子区域之间通过拓扑图相联系。采用电磁拓扑法能使复杂的高速动车组系统的结构更加清晰,为高速动车组电磁兼容性的理论分析奠定了非常重要的基础。根据系统电磁拓扑的分解结果,将高速动车组系统分为骚扰源、传输耦合途径和敏感设备三部分分别进行研究。在研究过程中采用理论分析、建模仿真和实际测试相结合的方法,将理论分析、仿真结果、计算结果与实际测试结果进行对比,从而验证了理论分析仿真计算模型的正确性和有效性。
论文第一章结合电磁兼容学科的特点,介绍了高速铁路电磁兼容问题的发展历史和进展,概括了本领域科学研究的最新动态。第二章简要介绍了电磁拓扑理论的基本思想和基本概念,基于电磁拓扑理论,根据高速动车组列车的结构以及现场测试数据,建立了高速动车组的电磁拓扑模型和相互作用图。第三章重点研究了高速动车组的电磁骚扰源特性。研究建立了高速动车组过分相时的电磁骚扰源模型,高速动车组受电弓离线放电的传导电磁骚扰源模型以及高速动车组弓网放电脉冲的传导特性和在列车主变压器中的传播特性。第四章重点研究了高速动车组受电弓离线产生放电脉冲骚扰的机理及其传播特性,包括该辐射骚扰随距离的衰减特性、随高度的衰减特性、沿接触网方向的传播特性、在车内的耦合特性等,得到了弓网离线骚扰从源到车厢内部的传输函数,并对高速动车组离线时受电弓附近辐射电磁场的时域、频域特性进行了现场实测,比对了实测结果和仿真计算结果。结果证明了所建仿真模型的正确性。另外,本论文还利用数理统计方法,基于大量的实测数据对受电弓离线放电脉冲骚扰的时域特性和频域特性分别进行了统计分析,利用柯尔莫可洛夫－斯米洛夫检验,得到了该脉冲骚扰的上升时间、脉冲间隔等参数的概率分布、骚扰电平的频率特性和骚扰的幅度概率分布(Amplitude Probability Distribution, APD)。第五章主要研究了高速动车组系统内部复杂电磁环境下电磁骚扰的传播特性和耦合途径,研究了非屏蔽电缆和屏蔽电缆间的骚扰耦合情况以及屏蔽电缆场－线的耦合特性。
本论文的研究结果可以为高速动车组的电磁兼容设计提供理论依据,为建立适合中国国情的高速动车组电磁兼容理论体系打下技术基础。
ABSTRACT:So far the research on the electromagnetic compatibility of China Railway High-speed (CRH) is confined only to simple analysis, test as well as assessment of electromagnetic compatibility phenomenon both in China and abroad. Under such circumstances, a research on the overall High Speed Railway system including external complex electromagnetic environment and the comprehensive theoretical and empirical researches on the electromagnetic compatibility of CRH will produce very important meaning for the development of high speed railway. In this thesis, first of all, the introduction of a new type of electromagnetic compatibility research method-electromagnetic topology method is done, its basic idea is to divide the whole complex system into many relatively simple and independent sub-volume according to certain principle. These sub-volumes are independent except through the certain way and each sub-volume is associated through the topological diagram of system. The topological decomposition of the whole system using electromagnetic topological method make the structure more clear, which laid a very important theoretical basis for subsequent analysis. Secondly, according to the decomposition results of system electromagnetic topology, the system is divided into three parts disturbance source, coupling path and sensitive equipment. The combination method of the theoretical analysis, modeling simulation and practical test is employed in the course of research and then the theoretical calculation results, modeling simulation results and actual test results are compared in order to demonstrate the correctness and effectiveness of theoretical calculation model and simulation model.
Firstly, a thorough review of High speed railway electromagnetic compatibility problem's development history is taken in Chapter1, including its theory and applications, with regards to the characteristics of EMC discipline. The author summarizes the up-date development and the latest progress in this technology domain. In Chapter2, the basic thought and concepts of electromagnetic topology theory are introduced briefly. According to the electromagnetic topology theory, based on the structure of bullet train and the test data, the electromagnetic topology model and interaction diagram of CRH are proposed. In Chapter3, the electromagnetic disturbance source is studied. The research content is the conduction electromagnetic disturbance source model caused by train passing neutral sections, the conduction electromagnetic disturbance source model caused by pantograph-catenary offline and the propagation model of conduction electromagnetic pulse in main transformer. In Chapter4, the mechanism and propagation characteristic of the radiation electromagnetic disturbance source caused by pantograph-catenary offline is studied. The research content is that the radiation electromagnetic disturbance source caused by pantograph-catenary offline is modeled and the related propagation characteristic, including the attenuation characteristics of radio disturbance with distance and height, the propagation characteristic along the contact, the transfer function from disturbance source point to inside the train, etc. are obtained, the time domain and the frequency domain characteristics of radiation electromagnetic disturbance source caused by pantograph-catenary offline are tested. The correctness and effectiveness of simulation model is approved by comparing test results and simulation results. The time domain statistical characteristics of radiation electromagnetic disturbance source is analyzed by using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and the probability distribution model of various parameters are obtained and the frequency domain statistical characteristics of radiation electromagnetic disturbance source are analyzed by using mathematical statistic method and the disturbance level frequency characteristic curve is obtained. The probability distribution of disturbance level at different frequency point is decided by using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and the corresponding parameters are obtain by using the maximum likelihood estimate, finally the amplitude probability distribution(APD) of disturbance source is acquired. Chapter5gives the research on the electromagnetic disturbance propagation and coupling path under the complex electromagnetic environment including crosstalk analysis of unshielded cable and shielded cable, crosstalk experiment analysis of interconnection cable and field-line coupling characteristic analysis of shielded cable.
论文第一章结合电磁兼容学科的特点,介绍了高速铁路电磁兼容问题的发展历史和进展,概括了本领域科学研究的最新动态。第二章简要介绍了电磁拓扑理论的基本思想和基本概念,基于电磁拓扑理论,根据高速动车组列车的结构以及现场测试数据,建立了高速动车组的电磁拓扑模型和相互作用图。第三章重点研究了高速动车组的电磁骚扰源特性。研究建立了高速动车组过分相时的电磁骚扰源模型,高速动车组受电弓离线放电的传导电磁骚扰源模型以及高速动车组弓网放电脉冲的传导特性和在列车主变压器中的传播特性。第四章重点研究了高速动车组受电弓离线产生放电脉冲骚扰的机理及其传播特性,包括该辐射骚扰随距离的衰减特性、随高度的衰减特性、沿接触网方向的传播特性、在车内的耦合特性等,得到了弓网离线骚扰从源到车厢内部的传输函数,并对高速动车组离线时受电弓附近辐射电磁场的时域、频域特性进行了现场实测,比对了实测结果和仿真计算结果。结果证明了所建仿真模型的正确性。另外,本论文还利用数理统计方法,基于大量的实测数据对受电弓离线放电脉冲骚扰的时域特性和频域特性分别进行了统计分析,利用柯尔莫可洛夫－斯米洛夫检验,得到了该脉冲骚扰的上升时间、脉冲间隔等参数的概率分布、骚扰电平的频率特性和骚扰的幅度概率分布(Amplitude Probability Distribution, APD)。第五章主要研究了高速动车组系统内部复杂电磁环境下电磁骚扰的传播特性和耦合途径,研究了非屏蔽电缆和屏蔽电缆间的骚扰耦合情况以及屏蔽电缆场－线的耦合特性。
本论文的研究结果可以为高速动车组的电磁兼容设计提供理论依据,为建立适合中国国情的高速动车组电磁兼容理论体系打下技术基础。
ABSTRACT:So far the research on the electromagnetic compatibility of China Railway High-speed (CRH) is confined only to simple analysis, test as well as assessment of electromagnetic compatibility phenomenon both in China and abroad. Under such circumstances, a research on the overall High Speed Railway system including external complex electromagnetic environment and the comprehensive theoretical and empirical researches on the electromagnetic compatibility of CRH will produce very important meaning for the development of high speed railway. In this thesis, first of all, the introduction of a new type of electromagnetic compatibility research method-electromagnetic topology method is done, its basic idea is to divide the whole complex system into many relatively simple and independent sub-volume according to certain principle. These sub-volumes are independent except through the certain way and each sub-volume is associated through the topological diagram of system. The topological decomposition of the whole system using electromagnetic topological method make the structure more clear, which laid a very important theoretical basis for subsequent analysis. Secondly, according to the decomposition results of system electromagnetic topology, the system is divided into three parts disturbance source, coupling path and sensitive equipment. The combination method of the theoretical analysis, modeling simulation and practical test is employed in the course of research and then the theoretical calculation results, modeling simulation results and actual test results are compared in order to demonstrate the correctness and effectiveness of theoretical calculation model and simulation model.
Firstly, a thorough review of High speed railway electromagnetic compatibility problem's development history is taken in Chapter1, including its theory and applications, with regards to the characteristics of EMC discipline. The author summarizes the up-date development and the latest progress in this technology domain. In Chapter2, the basic thought and concepts of electromagnetic topology theory are introduced briefly. According to the electromagnetic topology theory, based on the structure of bullet train and the test data, the electromagnetic topology model and interaction diagram of CRH are proposed. In Chapter3, the electromagnetic disturbance source is studied. The research content is the conduction electromagnetic disturbance source model caused by train passing neutral sections, the conduction electromagnetic disturbance source model caused by pantograph-catenary offline and the propagation model of conduction electromagnetic pulse in main transformer. In Chapter4, the mechanism and propagation characteristic of the radiation electromagnetic disturbance source caused by pantograph-catenary offline is studied. The research content is that the radiation electromagnetic disturbance source caused by pantograph-catenary offline is modeled and the related propagation characteristic, including the attenuation characteristics of radio disturbance with distance and height, the propagation characteristic along the contact, the transfer function from disturbance source point to inside the train, etc. are obtained, the time domain and the frequency domain characteristics of radiation electromagnetic disturbance source caused by pantograph-catenary offline are tested. The correctness and effectiveness of simulation model is approved by comparing test results and simulation results. The time domain statistical characteristics of radiation electromagnetic disturbance source is analyzed by using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and the probability distribution model of various parameters are obtained and the frequency domain statistical characteristics of radiation electromagnetic disturbance source are analyzed by using mathematical statistic method and the disturbance level frequency characteristic curve is obtained. The probability distribution of disturbance level at different frequency point is decided by using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and the corresponding parameters are obtain by using the maximum likelihood estimate, finally the amplitude probability distribution(APD) of disturbance source is acquired. Chapter5gives the research on the electromagnetic disturbance propagation and coupling path under the complex electromagnetic environment including crosstalk analysis of unshielded cable and shielded cable, crosstalk experiment analysis of interconnection cable and field-line coupling characteristic analysis of shielded cable.
引文
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