基于小波分析理论的电磁兼容测试与诊断技术研究
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摘要
电磁兼容（EMC）是以电磁场理论为基础，包括信息、电工、电子、通讯、
材料、结构等多学科交叉的，研究在有限空间、时间和频谱资源条件下各种电
器、电子设备或系统在同一电磁环境中相互兼容，而不致引起其性能下降的应
用科学技术。国际上对电磁兼容的研究十分重视，一些发达国家和地区将电磁
兼容纳入到国家法律体系中，在经济上形成了贸易壁垒。
电磁兼容的研究范围很广泛，研究问题十分复杂，电磁兼容测试技术是其中
重要的研究方向与研究热点。
电磁兼容测试技术主要包括测量设备、测量方法、数据处理方法以及测量
结果的评价等，电磁干扰EMI测试研究的理论基础是Fourier分析，本文通过
电磁干扰信号特征分析以及Fourier分析数学原理指出了电磁干扰EMI测试中
Fourier分析的局限性。电磁干扰信号的时间特性，也是反映电磁骚扰源的重要
信息，如骚扰源的起始时间、持续时间、不同骚扰源在不同时刻可能包含着不
同频率等等。在上述情况下，本文阐述了用时间-频率方法分析电磁干扰信号的
有效性，论证了用小波理论分析进行电磁兼容性测试与诊断的可行性，并给出
了多分辨率小波分析和正交小波分析在电磁干扰信号EMI诊断中的仿真研究和
实例研究，证明了小波分析方法在电磁兼容性测试与诊断中有效性。
本文还结合典型家用电器产品的电磁兼容试验，提出了典型家用电器电磁
兼容的一些共性技术问题，给出了抗干扰对策，并以变频空调器为例，剖析了
家用电器中广泛使用的变频装置产生的电磁兼容问题。
Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) is a cross-disciplinary science based on
electromagnetism including such multi-disciplinary as information science, electrical
engineering, electronics, communications, materials and structures, etc. It is also an
applied technology, which is used to study, under the conditions of limited space,
limited time and limited frequency resources, the compatibility of electrical and
electronic devices and systems within the common electromagnetic enviroment
without a degradation of performance. The international society attachs importance
to the EMC and some developed countries and regions bring it into the state抯 law
system, thus forming a trade bulwark.
The study range of EMC is very extendsive and the problem of EMC is very
complex. The EMC testing technology is one focus of the EMC research field.
The EMC testing technology includes testing equipment, testing method, data
processing and result evaluation. The Fourier analysis is the foundation theory of
electromagnetic interfere (EMJ) testing study. According to the characteristics of
EMI signal and mathematics principle of Fourier analysis, this paper explains the
localization of Fourier analysis method in the EMI testing. The time characteristics
of EMI testing signal is a useful imformation of electromagnetic disturbance source
also, such as starting time, duration time, and the different frequency of
electromagnetic disturbance source in the different time. Under condition above, this
paper points out the validity of a time-frequency analytic method and demonstrates
the feasibility of an EMI diagnosis based on wavelet analysis theory. Some EMI
diagnosis simulation results and case study resulting from multi-resolution wavelet
analysis and wavelet packet analysis are also given in this paper, which proves that
wavelet analysis method is of validity.
This paper brings forward some common technological problems about typical
household appliances?EMC according to EMC testing, and gives some
countermeasures use to anti-interfere in the typical household appliances. An EMC
problem due to a PWM inverter applied in air-condition is analyze carefully.
材料、结构等多学科交叉的，研究在有限空间、时间和频谱资源条件下各种电
器、电子设备或系统在同一电磁环境中相互兼容，而不致引起其性能下降的应
用科学技术。国际上对电磁兼容的研究十分重视，一些发达国家和地区将电磁
兼容纳入到国家法律体系中，在经济上形成了贸易壁垒。
电磁兼容的研究范围很广泛，研究问题十分复杂，电磁兼容测试技术是其中
重要的研究方向与研究热点。
电磁兼容测试技术主要包括测量设备、测量方法、数据处理方法以及测量
结果的评价等，电磁干扰EMI测试研究的理论基础是Fourier分析，本文通过
电磁干扰信号特征分析以及Fourier分析数学原理指出了电磁干扰EMI测试中
Fourier分析的局限性。电磁干扰信号的时间特性，也是反映电磁骚扰源的重要
信息，如骚扰源的起始时间、持续时间、不同骚扰源在不同时刻可能包含着不
同频率等等。在上述情况下，本文阐述了用时间-频率方法分析电磁干扰信号的
有效性，论证了用小波理论分析进行电磁兼容性测试与诊断的可行性，并给出
了多分辨率小波分析和正交小波分析在电磁干扰信号EMI诊断中的仿真研究和
实例研究，证明了小波分析方法在电磁兼容性测试与诊断中有效性。
本文还结合典型家用电器产品的电磁兼容试验，提出了典型家用电器电磁
兼容的一些共性技术问题，给出了抗干扰对策，并以变频空调器为例，剖析了
家用电器中广泛使用的变频装置产生的电磁兼容问题。
Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) is a cross-disciplinary science based on
electromagnetism including such multi-disciplinary as information science, electrical
engineering, electronics, communications, materials and structures, etc. It is also an
applied technology, which is used to study, under the conditions of limited space,
limited time and limited frequency resources, the compatibility of electrical and
electronic devices and systems within the common electromagnetic enviroment
without a degradation of performance. The international society attachs importance
to the EMC and some developed countries and regions bring it into the state抯 law
system, thus forming a trade bulwark.
The study range of EMC is very extendsive and the problem of EMC is very
complex. The EMC testing technology is one focus of the EMC research field.
The EMC testing technology includes testing equipment, testing method, data
processing and result evaluation. The Fourier analysis is the foundation theory of
electromagnetic interfere (EMJ) testing study. According to the characteristics of
EMI signal and mathematics principle of Fourier analysis, this paper explains the
localization of Fourier analysis method in the EMI testing. The time characteristics
of EMI testing signal is a useful imformation of electromagnetic disturbance source
also, such as starting time, duration time, and the different frequency of
electromagnetic disturbance source in the different time. Under condition above, this
paper points out the validity of a time-frequency analytic method and demonstrates
the feasibility of an EMI diagnosis based on wavelet analysis theory. Some EMI
diagnosis simulation results and case study resulting from multi-resolution wavelet
analysis and wavelet packet analysis are also given in this paper, which proves that
wavelet analysis method is of validity.
This paper brings forward some common technological problems about typical
household appliances?EMC according to EMC testing, and gives some
countermeasures use to anti-interfere in the typical household appliances. An EMC
problem due to a PWM inverter applied in air-condition is analyze carefully.
引文
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[3]. Council Directive of 3. On the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to electromgnetic compatibility[S].MAY, 1989.
[4]．陈伟华．电磁兼容实用手册[M]．北京：机械工业出版社，1998．
[5]．Wilhelm Rotkiewicz(波兰)，冯竞、兰得春译．无线电工程中的电磁兼容[M]．北京：人民邮电出版社，1990．
[6]．白同云．第四届全国兼容学术交流大会情况介绍[J]．电磁兼容与电磁干扰控制技术，1996(5)：37～41．
[7]．高攸纲．展望21世纪的环境电磁学及电磁兼容技术[C]．北京：第5届全国电磁兼容学术会议论文集：1～15．
[8]．李波．系统级电磁兼容技术的新发展[C]．北京：第5届全国电磁兼容学术会议论文集：34～43．
[9]. P. Jennings, C.M.Ting. System EMC Assessment Using Transmission Line Theory[C], Proceedings of IEEE Symposium on EMC, Denver, USA,August, 1998.
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