新型牙用烤瓷支架钴铬合金金瓷结合的研究
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摘要
随着口腔修复学的发展,将烤瓷技术与整铸活动义齿相结合这种新型的工艺日益被人们所重视。为此我们自行开发研制了国产新型牙用烤瓷支架钴铬合金,前期的研究结果表明:合金生物性能、机械性能良好,可以用于临床制作;而如何进一步提高自研合金的金瓷结合力,以达到更完美的修复学效果,成为了本论文研究的重点。因此,本文探讨了五种不同的表面处理技术对合金表面进行处理,研究其对烤瓷支架钴铬合金金瓷结合强度的影响;同时还借助了扫描电镜以及能谱分析仪对金瓷结合界面进行了深入的分析,结果表明:
(1) 本合金在上瓷之前,需要预氧化,氧化温度为980℃,时间为5分钟。
(2) 利用溶胶-凝胶技术,起到了改善金瓷结合的作用。
(3) 将纳米材料(纳米二氧化硅、纳米金介质)上瓷之前涂附于金属基底表面,起到了提高金瓷结合强度的作用。
(4) 两种真空镀膜方法,即磁控反应溅射镀膜技术提高了金瓷结合强度而电子束真空蒸发镀膜技术却降低了金瓷结合强度。
(5) 利用等离子喷涂技术来改善金瓷结合,起到了明显的效果。
With the development of prosthonditics, a new technique which combines PFM technique and casting framework of RPD appears and has being applied by more and more dentists. So we developed a new type of Co-Cr dental alloy which has good metal-porcelain matching and could be cast for RPD framework. The fomer research showed that it had good biological compatibility and mechnical capability for clinical use. But how to improve the bonding strength of the porcelain bonded to alloy becomes the key point of our research in order to get better restorative effect. Thus we used five different surface treatment technologies to the aolly, and discussed their effects on metal-porcelain bonding strength. In the same time the interface between metal and porcelain was observed and analyzed by SEM and EPMA. The conclusions were drawed as followings:(1)Before applied for porcelain, the aolly should be oxidated for 5 minutes at the temperature of 980℃.(2)Using the Sol-Gel technique could improve the bonding of the porcelain to our alloy.(3)Before applied for porcelain, the metal substrate surface was smeared
with nano-scale material (nano-SiO_2、 nano-gold particles), and the nano-scale material had a positive effect to increase the bonding strength.(4)Two methods of vacuum coating film were used in our study in order to increase the bonding strength , one was magnetron reactive sputter deposition, and the other was electron beam vapour deposition. The former had a positive effect while the latter had a negative effect.(5)The plasma spraying technology had a significative function in enhancing the bonding strength.
(1) 本合金在上瓷之前,需要预氧化,氧化温度为980℃,时间为5分钟。
(2) 利用溶胶-凝胶技术,起到了改善金瓷结合的作用。
(3) 将纳米材料(纳米二氧化硅、纳米金介质)上瓷之前涂附于金属基底表面,起到了提高金瓷结合强度的作用。
(4) 两种真空镀膜方法,即磁控反应溅射镀膜技术提高了金瓷结合强度而电子束真空蒸发镀膜技术却降低了金瓷结合强度。
(5) 利用等离子喷涂技术来改善金瓷结合,起到了明显的效果。
With the development of prosthonditics, a new technique which combines PFM technique and casting framework of RPD appears and has being applied by more and more dentists. So we developed a new type of Co-Cr dental alloy which has good metal-porcelain matching and could be cast for RPD framework. The fomer research showed that it had good biological compatibility and mechnical capability for clinical use. But how to improve the bonding strength of the porcelain bonded to alloy becomes the key point of our research in order to get better restorative effect. Thus we used five different surface treatment technologies to the aolly, and discussed their effects on metal-porcelain bonding strength. In the same time the interface between metal and porcelain was observed and analyzed by SEM and EPMA. The conclusions were drawed as followings:(1)Before applied for porcelain, the aolly should be oxidated for 5 minutes at the temperature of 980℃.(2)Using the Sol-Gel technique could improve the bonding of the porcelain to our alloy.(3)Before applied for porcelain, the metal substrate surface was smeared
with nano-scale material (nano-SiO_2、 nano-gold particles), and the nano-scale material had a positive effect to increase the bonding strength.(4)Two methods of vacuum coating film were used in our study in order to increase the bonding strength , one was magnetron reactive sputter deposition, and the other was electron beam vapour deposition. The former had a positive effect while the latter had a negative effect.(5)The plasma spraying technology had a significative function in enhancing the bonding strength.
引文
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4. Robert G, Craig, John M, Powers. Restorative Dental Materials[M]. 11 Edition. St. Louis: A Harcourt Health Sciences Company, 2002: 578-580
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6. Brecker SC. Porcelain baked to gold: A new medium in prosthodontics[J]. J Prosthet Dent, 1956, 6(6): 801-810
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8. Pask JA, Fulrath RM. Fundamentals of glass to metal bonding: Ⅷ, Nature of wetting and adherence[J]. J Am Ceram Soc, 1962, 45(12): 592-596
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12. Ohno H, Kanzawa Y. Structural changes in the oxidation zones of gold alloys for porcelain bonding containing small amounts of Fe and Sn[J]. J Dent Res, 1985, 64(1): 67-73
13. Sced IR, McLean JW. The strength of metal/ceramic bonds with base metals containing chromium[J]. Br Dent J, 1972, 132: 232-234
14. Moffa JP, Lugassy AA, Guckes AD, et al. An evaluation of nonprecious alloys for use with porcelain veneers. Part Ⅰ. Physical properties[J]. J Prosthet Dent, 1973, 30(3): 424-431
15. Daftary F, Donovan T. Effect of electrodeposition of gold on porcelain -to-metal bond strength[J]. J Prosthet Dent, 1987, 57(1): 41-46
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21. Taira M, Okazaki M, Takahashi J. Characterization of 50wt% SiO_2- 20 wt% P_2O_5- 30wt% CaO glass-ceramic powders prepared by the sol-gel process[J]. Dent Mater J, 1997, 16(2): 117-126
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29. Ozenbas M, Kaya O. Characterization of TiO_2 thin films prepared by sol-gel processing[J]. Key Engineering Materials, 2004, 264-268: 505-508
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32. Kozuka H, Takenaka S, Tokita, H. Stress and cracks in gel-derived ceramic coatings and thick film formation[J]. J Sol-Gel Sci and Tech, 2003, 26(1-3): 681-686
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35.陈曦.纳米复合树脂的研究进展[J].临床口腔医学杂志,2003,19(12):754-755
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2. Brooks MS. Metal preparating and conditioning for porcelain. Dental porcelain. The State of the art[M]. Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1977: 157-160
3. Mokoto Yamamoto. Metal Cermic[M]. Chicago: Quintessence Publishing Co, 1985: 125-126
4. Robert G, Craig, John M, Powers. Restorative Dental Materials[M]. 11 Edition. St. Louis: A Harcourt Health Sciences Company, 2002: 578-580
5. Huang HH, Lin MC, Lee TH, et al. Effect of chemical composition of Ni-Cr dental casting alloys on the bonding characterization between porcelain and metal[J]. J Oral Rehabil, 2005, 32(3): 206-212.
6. Brecker SC. Porcelain baked to gold: A new medium in prosthodontics[J]. J Prosthet Dent, 1956, 6(6): 801-810
7. King BW, Tripp HP, Duckworth WH. Nature of adherence of porcelain enamels to metals[J]. J Am Ceram Soc, 1959, 42(11): 504-509
8. Pask JA, Fulrath RM. Fundamentals of glass to metal bonding: Ⅷ, Nature of wetting and adherence[J]. J Am Ceram Soc, 1962, 45(12): 592-596
9. Bertolotti RL. Porcelain-to-metal bonding and compatibility.In Mclean JW(ed): Dental Ceramics: Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Ceramics[M]. Chicago, Quintessence Publishing Co, 1983: 415
10.朱日彰,卢亚轩编著.耐热钢和高温合金[M].第一版.北京:化学工业出版社,1996:35-37,
11. Wang RR, Fung KK. Oxidation behavior of surface-modified titanium for titanium-cermic restorations[J]. J Prosthet Dent, 1997, 77(4): 423-434
12. Ohno H, Kanzawa Y. Structural changes in the oxidation zones of gold alloys for porcelain bonding containing small amounts of Fe and Sn[J]. J Dent Res, 1985, 64(1): 67-73
13. Sced IR, McLean JW. The strength of metal/ceramic bonds with base metals containing chromium[J]. Br Dent J, 1972, 132: 232-234
14. Moffa JP, Lugassy AA, Guckes AD, et al. An evaluation of nonprecious alloys for use with porcelain veneers. Part Ⅰ. Physical properties[J]. J Prosthet Dent, 1973, 30(3): 424-431
15. Daftary F, Donovan T. Effect of electrodeposition of gold on porcelain -to-metal bond strength[J]. J Prosthet Dent, 1987, 57(1): 41-46
16. Wu Y, Moser JB, Jameson LM, et al. The effect of oxidation heat treatment of porcelain bond strength in selected base metal alloys[J]. J Prosthet Dent, 1991, 66(4): 439-444
17.朱松,尹惠.烤瓷次数对钻铬合金表面氧化膜形成的影响[J].白求恩医科大学学报,2001,27(2):166-177
18.雷亚超,魏治统,杜传诗.预氧化影响两种非贵金属与瓷结合的研究[J].华西口腔医学杂志,1987,5(2):108-111
19.曾晓雁,吴懿平主编.表面工程学[M].第1版.北京:机械工业出版社,2001:293
20. Tache A, Gan L, Deporter D, et al. Effect of surface chemistry on the rate of osseointegration of sintered porous-surfaced Ti-6AI-4V implants[J]. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants, 2004, 19(1): 19-29
21. Taira M, Okazaki M, Takahashi J. Characterization of 50wt% SiO_2- 20 wt% P_2O_5- 30wt% CaO glass-ceramic powders prepared by the sol-gel process[J]. Dent Mater J, 1997, 16(2): 117-126
22. Filiaggi MJ, Pilliar RM, Abdulla D. Evaluating sol-gel ceramic thin films for metal implant applications. Ⅱ. Adhesion and fatigue properties of zirconia films on Ti-6A1-4V[J]. J Biom Mater Res, 1996, 33(4): 239-256
23.丁弘仁.国产贵金属烤瓷合金的研制[M].第四军医大学博士学位论文,2002:79-88
24. Anast M, Wong A, Bell JM, et al. Thin film ceramic coatings via the sol-gel process[J]. Key Engineering Materials, 1991, 53-55: 427-432
25. Vorotilov KA, Orlova EV, Petrovsky Ⅵ. Sol-Gel TiO2 films on silicon substrates[J]. Thin Solid Films, 1992, 207: 180-184
26.潘建平,彭开萍,陈文哲.溶胶.凝胶法制备薄膜涂层的技术与应用[J].腐蚀与防护,2001,22(8):339-342
27. Spiccia L, Watkins ID, West BO. Sol-gel processing of ceramics[J]. Materials Forum: Materials Processing, 1996, 20: 171-191
28. Sankur H, Gunning W. Crystallization and diffusion in composite SiO_2, TiO_2 thin film[J]. J Appl Phys, 1989, 66(10): 47-51
29. Ozenbas M, Kaya O. Characterization of TiO_2 thin films prepared by sol-gel processing[J]. Key Engineering Materials, 2004, 264-268: 505-508
30. Resfeld R, Jorgensen. Chemistry, Spectroscopy and Applications of Sol-Gel Glass[M]. Springer-Verlab Berlin Heidelberg, 1992: 92-93
31.王德宪.谈谈溶胶-凝胶浸镀法的基本原理[J].玻璃,2000,26(3):18-20
32. Kozuka H, Takenaka S, Tokita, H. Stress and cracks in gel-derived ceramic coatings and thick film formation[J]. J Sol-Gel Sci and Tech, 2003, 26(1-3): 681-686
33. Kaehler T. Nanotechnology: basic concepts and definitions[J]. Clin Chem, 1994, 40(9): 1797-1799
34. Suzuki S. In vitro wear of nano-composite denture teeth[J]. J Prosthodont, 2004, 13 (4): 238-243
35.陈曦.纳米复合树脂的研究进展[J].临床口腔医学杂志,2003,19(12):754-755
36. Goeller I, Meyer JM, Nally JN. Comparative study of three coating agents and their influence on bond strength of porcelain-fused-to-gold alloys[J]. J Prosthet Dent, 1972, 28(5): 504-511
37. Stephen F. Metal-Ceramic Restoration. In: Contemporary Fixed Prosthodontics [M]. Mosby Company, 1988, 187
38. Stix G. Trend in nanotechnology-waiting for breakthtroughs[J]. Sci Am, 1996, 274(4): 78-81.
39. Suryanarayana C, koch CC. Nanocrystalline material-research and future directions[J]. Hyperfine Interactions, 2000, 130: 5-44
40. Akhtar MK, Vemury S. Nanostmcture Materials[J]. J Am Ceram Soc, 1992, 75(12): 3408-3414
41. Freitas RJ. Nanodentistry[J]. J Am Dent Assoc, 2000, 131 (11): 1559-1565
42. Schleyer TL. Nanodentistry. Fact or fiction? [J]. J Am Dent Assoc, 2000, 131(11): 1567-1568
43. Sternitzke M, Derby B, Brook R J. Alumina/silicon carbide nanocomposites by hybrid polymer/powder processing: microstructures and mechanical properties[J]. J Am Ceram Soc, 1998, 81 (1): 41-48
44.张文云,李南,贾安琦.纳米技术与口腔材料学的发展[J].西南国防医药,2004,14(4):451-453
45. Mumford G, Ridge A. Dental Porcelain[J]. Dent Clin North Am, 1971, 15: 33-42
46. Daniel F. Carlo Ercoli, Gerald D, et al. Effect of soldering on metal-porcelain bond strength in repaired porcelain-fused-to-metal casting[J]. J Prosthet Dent, 2001, 85(1): 88-94
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