尺骨鹰嘴骨折改良钢丝内固定的实验研究及其临床应用
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摘要
目的:拟通过比较尺骨鹰嘴骨折改良钢丝与其它常用的4种内固定方法的稳定性,探讨尺骨鹰嘴骨折不同内固定的生物力学效应,旨在寻求尺骨鹰嘴骨折理想的内固定方式,为临床选择内固定提供实验依据,从而验证和指导临床治疗。
     方法:实验采用15具成年男性上肢尸体标本,保留肱三头肌腱及其尺骨鹰嘴的附着部以及关节囊,建立横形、斜形、粉碎形三种不同的尺骨鹰嘴骨折模型。分别采用钢丝环形、钢丝“8”字、钢丝环形加“8”字(以下称改良钢丝)、克氏针张力带及螺丝钉五种不同内固定方法进行内固定,使固定的肘关节标本屈曲90°置于WWL-100B万能电子实验机,运用高精度位移传感器对固定性能进行测量,研究尺骨鹰嘴骨折的载荷与应变的关系及其应力分布规律,最后取每种内固定标本行破坏性加载,得出骨折端的载荷与位移变化关系。临床应用中,收集尺骨鹰嘴骨折病例26例,应用改良钢丝内固定治疗,并观察其临床疗效,从而验证改良钢丝固定的临床疗效。
     结果:
     1、对于尺骨鹰嘴骨折模型,在各种不同内固定方式中,粉碎形骨折均最不稳定,而横形、斜形骨折稳定性相差不显著(P>0.05)。
     2、对于三种尺骨鹰嘴骨折模型,测定数据均显示环形钢丝固定强度最小:“8”字钢丝与螺丝钉固定强度相近,相差不显著(P>0.05);改良钢丝比环形钢丝、“8”字钢丝及螺丝钉强,统计学上差异显著(P<0.05)。
    
    福建中医学院2004届中医骨伤硕士研究生学位论文
     3、在横形、斜形骨折模型中,改良钢丝组与克氏针张力带组相差不显著(P>0.05);
    但在粉碎形骨折模型中,改良钢丝组与克氏针张力带组有显著性差异(P<0.05)。
     4、在极限载荷中,克氏针张力带组最大(83.75士2.66N),钢丝环形组最小(35.68
    士2.37),改良钢丝组与克氏针张力带组相差不显著(P>0 .05)。
     5、临床观察应用26例,骨折全部愈合,平均随访8个月(3一13个月),优良率达
    92、3%。
     结论:
     1、对于尺骨鹰嘴骨折,粉碎形骨折最不稳定,横形、斜形骨折稳定性相差不显著。
     2、对于尺骨鹰嘴骨折,钢丝环形内固定强度最小;钢丝”8”字及螺丝钉内固定欠佳;
    改良钢丝比钢丝环形、钢丝“8“字及螺丝钉内固定强。
     3、对于尺骨鹰嘴横形、斜形骨折,改良钢丝与克氏针张力带比较,统计学上无显
    著性差异;而对于粉碎形骨折,其强度明显大于克氏针张力带。
     4、从实验研究及临床应用证实,改良钢丝内固定可用于治疗横、斜、粉碎形尺骨
    鹰嘴骨折,对粉碎形骨折有一定的优越性,且创伤小、操作简便、固定牢靠,是一种安
    全可靠,值得临床推广应用的内固定方法。
Objective: To evaluate the rigidity of figure-eight and circular wiring (W)compared with the other four common techniques of internal fixation, meanwhile to probe into their biomechanical effect, then to search the ideal and practical way of internal fixation of olecranon fracture, which can provide experimental data in selecting the internal fixation, then testify and guide the clinical treatment of olecranon fracture.
    Methods: Ten male adult cadaveric elbow joints remained with the triceps tendons attachment on the olecranon besides the articular caspule of elbow were made into transverse, oblique and comminuted fracture osteotomies. Each model in 90 degree flexion was fixed on the WWL-100B all-purpose electronic machine of experiment. The movement of fracture sited with a acute displacement transducer to the ulna was tested in five techniques of the internal fixation namely: circular wiring, figure-eight wiring, ECW, Kirschner tension band and the screw. Then, the relation of load-strain and division regulation of the stress about olecranon fracture were studied. The maximal failure load of each specimen of internal fixation was tested at last. In clinical application,twenty-six patients of olecranon fracture treated with ECW were observed.
    Results:
    1. The comminuted fracture model of olecranon was the most instable, and the difference about stability between transverse fracture model and oblique fracture model was not significant (P>0.05).
    2. The rigidity of internal fixation of the circular wiring was the smallest, figure-eight
    
    
    
    wiring was similar to the screw, ECW was better than the figure-eight wiring or the screw(P<0.05).
    3. There was no significant difference between ECW and Kirschner tension band at transverse and oblique fracture models(P>0.05),but ECW overmatches Kirschner tension band at comminuted fracture modeI(P<0.05).
    4. The extreme load of the circular wiring was the smallest (35.68 +2.37), Kirschner tension band was best(83.75+2.66N), but there was no significant difference between ECW and Kirschner tension band(P>0.05).
    5. Twenty-six patients of olecranon fracture treated with ECW were followed up with a period of 3 to 13 months. None of them was non-union, and 92.30% of them were excellent and good.
    Conclusion:
    1. The comminuted fracture model of olecranon was the most instable, and the difference about stability between transverse fracture model and oblique fracture model was not significant.
    2. The rigidity of internal fixation of the circular wiring was the smallest, figure-eight wiring and the screw gave little reliable result, ECW was better than them.
    3. There was no significant difference between ECW and Kirschner tension band at transverse and oblique fracture models, but the rigidity of ECW was superior to Kirschner tension band at comminuted fracture model.
    4. From the experimental study and clinical application, because of its reriable fixation, easity to insert and less damages, we are sure that ECW is the ideal choice of the internal fixation of the olecranon fracture at most kinds of fractures, especially for comminuted fracture to some extent, and is deserved to be applied widely.
引文
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