大学学校气氛的结构及其与大学生适应性的关系
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摘要
学校气氛是个体对学校整体物理环境和心理环境感知的集合。以往关于学校气氛的研究偏重于学校组织气氛的研究,而忽视了学校组织内部不同成员之间学校气氛感知的差异性,造成了对有关学生感知到的学校气氛研究的缺乏。本文在学校气氛研究现状的基础上,抽取河南省部分高校的610名大学生进行了调查。从大学生的角度出发,通过探索性因素分析、验证性因素分析等方法,探讨了大学学校气氛的内容结构,编制了大学学校气氛问卷。并用自编的大学学校气氛问卷和大学生适应量表为测量工具,探讨了不同人口统计学变量之间的差异以及两个变量之间的关系。研究结论如下:
第一、大学学校气氛是一个多维变量,包括人际关系、教学氛围、就业措施和多样性发展4个维度。
第二、大学学校气氛和大学生适应性在某些人口统计学变量(如性别、所在学校类型、年级、专业)上存在显著差异。
第三、大学学校气氛与大学生的适应性存在显著相关,大学学校气氛的不同维度对大学生适应性具有相对的重要价值。
School climate is individual perception of the overall physical environment and psychological environment of school.Owing to the former research on school climate is adapt to school organizational climate.It is neglect the perceptive difference among different numbers of school.So it lead to the insufficiency on school climate which student perceptived. Based on the current situation of school climate,This research takes 610 students in Henan public university as samples. From the student perspective,This research tries to revel the structure of university school climate,and has worked out the questionnaire on university school climate,through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis.The research tools are the school climate of university scale and china college student adjustment scale.Try to dicuss the difference among different demographic variable and the relationship between the two variable. The conclution shows:
Firstly,The school climate of university should be a multidimensional variable consist of interpersonal relationship,climate for teaching, measures of employment and multifarious development.
Secondly,The school climate of college and college adjustment are different significantly in some demographic variable (such as in general,different types of schools,grade and profession).
Thirdly,The school climate of university is extremely correlated with cllege student adjustment.Different dimensions of school climate of university have relative significance to college student adjustment.
第一、大学学校气氛是一个多维变量,包括人际关系、教学氛围、就业措施和多样性发展4个维度。
第二、大学学校气氛和大学生适应性在某些人口统计学变量(如性别、所在学校类型、年级、专业)上存在显著差异。
第三、大学学校气氛与大学生的适应性存在显著相关,大学学校气氛的不同维度对大学生适应性具有相对的重要价值。
School climate is individual perception of the overall physical environment and psychological environment of school.Owing to the former research on school climate is adapt to school organizational climate.It is neglect the perceptive difference among different numbers of school.So it lead to the insufficiency on school climate which student perceptived. Based on the current situation of school climate,This research takes 610 students in Henan public university as samples. From the student perspective,This research tries to revel the structure of university school climate,and has worked out the questionnaire on university school climate,through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis.The research tools are the school climate of university scale and china college student adjustment scale.Try to dicuss the difference among different demographic variable and the relationship between the two variable. The conclution shows:
Firstly,The school climate of university should be a multidimensional variable consist of interpersonal relationship,climate for teaching, measures of employment and multifarious development.
Secondly,The school climate of college and college adjustment are different significantly in some demographic variable (such as in general,different types of schools,grade and profession).
Thirdly,The school climate of university is extremely correlated with cllege student adjustment.Different dimensions of school climate of university have relative significance to college student adjustment.
引文
[1]程正方,于红晖,应小萍等.关于北京地区中小学组织气氛状况的初步调查报告.心理发展与教育,1995,(4):32-36
[2]程方正,应小萍,于红晖.领导类型与学校气氛状况初探.中小学管理.1994(10):26-28
[3]陈君.大学新生的社会支持与学校适应性问题探析.武汉科技大学学报,2004, 6(4):69-72
[4]陈君.大学新生学校适应、社会支持及其关系的调查研究.华中师范大学,2004 年硕士学位论文
[5]陈会昌,胆增寿,陈建绩.青少年心理适应性量表(APAS)的编制及其初步常模.心理发展与教育,1995
[6]范丰慧,史慧颖.校风研究述评.外国教育研究.2003(9):47-50
[7]范丰慧.中学校风问卷的编制.西南师范大学,2003 年硕士论文
[8]方晓义,沃建中,蔺秀云《.中国大学生适应量表》的编制.心理与行为研究.2005,3(2)95-101
[9]葛明贵,余益兵.学校气氛问卷(初中生版)的研究报告.心理科学.2006,29(2)460-464
[10]江光荣.中小学班级环境:结构与测量.心理科学.2004(4):839-843
[11]江光荣,林孟平.班级环境与学生适应性的多层线性模型.心理科学.2005,28(6):1443-1448
[12]李辉,朱丽芬,李梅.大学生学校适应性研究综述.云南师范大学学报.2006,38(2):125-127
[13]林崇德,俞国良.论心理学视野中的学校精神.北京师范大学学报,1996,(1):3-13
[14]刘万伦.小学学生学校适应性的发展特点调查[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2004,(2)
[15]刘万伦,沃建中.师生关系与中小学生学校适应性的关系.心理发展与教育,2005,(1):87-90
[16]刘志军.高中生的自我概念与学校适应.心理科学,2004,27(1):31-33
[17]廉串德,郑日昌.高一学生学校适应与教师领导行为关系之初探.心理发展与教育,2002,(4):61-64
[18]凌建勋.团队创新气氛问卷的编制与研究.暨南大学.2003 年硕士论文
[19]欧阳国健.积极学校气氛的塑造研究.华南师范大学,2002 年硕士论文
[20] 潘孝富,程正方 . 学校组织健康与学生心理健康的相关性研究 . 心理发展与教育,2001,(2):59-64
[21]谭千保,陈宇.班级环境对初中生学校适应的影响.中国临床心理学杂志,2007,(15):51-55
[22]王邦虎.校园文化论.北京:人民教育出版社.2001
[23]王丽萍.中小学生欺负-受欺负与学校适应的关系研究.山东师范大学硕士毕业论文,2002
[24]郑涌,程云,黄希庭.班风及其与班主任、班级学生人格特征的相关研究.心理科学,2002(25):346-354
[25]邹泓.同伴接纳、友谊与学校适应的研究[J].心理发展与教育,1997,(3).
[26]曾琦,芦咏莉,邹泓等.父母教育方式与儿童的学校适应.心理发展与教育,1997,(2):46-51
[27]邹泓.同伴接纳、友谊与学校适应的研究.心理发展与教育,1997,(3):55-59
[28]黄希庭.校风班风与人格发展.北京:新华出版社.2001
[29]江光荣.班级社会生态环境研究.武汉:华中师范大学出版社,2002
[30]朱智贤.心理学大辞典.北京:北京师范大学出版社,1989
[31]Bartini,Maria(2001).A longitudinal investigation of the development of gender role flexibility in early adolescence.Dissertation Abstracts International:Section B:The Sciences and Engineering,Jun;Vol 60(11 B):5809
[32]Bedley,C.How do you recognize a good school when you walk into one?Irvine:People-Wise publications,1990
[33]Birch S.H. and Ladd G.W. (1997). The Teacher-child Relationship and Children’s EarlySchool Adjustment[J]. Journal of School Psychology, vol.35.
[34]Burden.R. & Fraser.B.Examining teachers’perceptions of their working environments :Introducing the School Level Environment Questionnaire.Education Psychology in Practice,1994;10(2):67-71
[35]Cavanaugh et al.Evaluation of a school climate instrument for assessing affective objectives in health professional education,Evaluation&the Health Professions,1997;20(4):455-478
[36]Dixon,P.N&Johnson,W.L.Revisiting the Charles F.Kettering,LTD.School Climate Profile:Further analysis of the subscale structure,Education & Psychological Measurement,1991,51(1):135-141
[37]Gabriel P. Kuperminc. School Social Climate and Individual Differences in Vulnerability to Psychopathology among Middle School Students. Journal of School Psychology, 2001,39(2):141-159
[38]Goodell,A.L.Striking is hard to do:The suclusation of school climate during teacher contract negotiations.ERIC.Doc.Reproduction No.ED357394,1992
[39]Hattler,J.A.&Taylor,B.L.A study climate in Japanese high school.(ERIC Document Reproduction No.ED349685)
[40]Hoy,W.K&Clover,S.Elementary school climate:A revision of the OCDQ.Educational Administation Quaderly,22(1):93-110
[41]Huebner , Ruth A;Emery,Lynnda J;Shordike,Anne(2002).The Adolescent Role Assessment:Psychometric properties and theoretical usefulness.American Journal of Occupational Therapy,US:American Occupational Therapy Assn,Mar-Apr,Vol56(2):202-209
[42]James.L.R.&Jones.Organizational climate:A review of theory and research.Psychological Bulletin,1974,81(12):1096-1112
[43]James Griffith.School climate as group evaluation and group consensus:student and parent perceptions of the elementary school environment,The elementary school journal,2000;101(1):35-61
[44]Kaplan,L.S. &Geoffroy,K.E.Enhancing the school climate:New opportunities for the counselor.The School Counselor,38,7-12
[45]Kottkamp,P.B,Mulhern,J.A&Hoy,W.K.Secondary school climate:A revision of the OCDQ.Technical Report,Ruthers univ.Utilitasianism on liberly essay on bentham, John Stuart Mill,34
[46]Martin,Matthew M,Anderson,Carolyn M(2001). Aggressive communication raits and their relationships with the cognitive flexibility scale and the communication fiexibility scale.Journal of Social Behavior and Personality,US:Vol 13(3):531-540
[47]McEvoy,Alan.,Welker,Robert. Antisocial behavior, Academic Failure, and School Climate:ACritical Review. Journal of Emotional&Behavioral Disorders, 2000, 8(3):130-140
[48]Moos R.H. Conceptualizations of human environments. American Psychologist,1973(28):652-665
[49]Nusser,J.L.&Haller,E.J.Allernative perceptions of a school’s Climate:Do principals,students and teachers agree?ERIC.Doc.Reproduction No.ED390138
[50]Paredes,V.&Frazer,L.School climate in AISD(.ERIC Document Reproduction No.ED353677)
[51]Peiro,Jose M;Garcia Montalvo,Jose;Gracia,Francisco(2002).How do young people cope with job flexibility?:Demographic and psychological antecedents of the resistance to accept a job with non-preferres flexibility features.Applied-Psychology:An International Review,US:Taylor and Francis,Jan;Vol51(1):43-66
[52]Peterson , Reece L. & Skiba , Russell.Creating School Climates That Prevent School Violence.Clearing House,2001(74):155
[53]Robert Owens(袁振国等译).教育组织行为学,华东师范大学出版社,2001:185-219
[54]Stockard,J&mayberry,M.Effective education environments.Newbury Park,CA:corwin
[55]Sonomi Hirata&Toshihiko Sako.Perceptions of school environment among japa-nese junior high school,non-attendant,and juve-nile delinquent students,learning environments research,1999(1):321-331
[2]程方正,应小萍,于红晖.领导类型与学校气氛状况初探.中小学管理.1994(10):26-28
[3]陈君.大学新生的社会支持与学校适应性问题探析.武汉科技大学学报,2004, 6(4):69-72
[4]陈君.大学新生学校适应、社会支持及其关系的调查研究.华中师范大学,2004 年硕士学位论文
[5]陈会昌,胆增寿,陈建绩.青少年心理适应性量表(APAS)的编制及其初步常模.心理发展与教育,1995
[6]范丰慧,史慧颖.校风研究述评.外国教育研究.2003(9):47-50
[7]范丰慧.中学校风问卷的编制.西南师范大学,2003 年硕士论文
[8]方晓义,沃建中,蔺秀云《.中国大学生适应量表》的编制.心理与行为研究.2005,3(2)95-101
[9]葛明贵,余益兵.学校气氛问卷(初中生版)的研究报告.心理科学.2006,29(2)460-464
[10]江光荣.中小学班级环境:结构与测量.心理科学.2004(4):839-843
[11]江光荣,林孟平.班级环境与学生适应性的多层线性模型.心理科学.2005,28(6):1443-1448
[12]李辉,朱丽芬,李梅.大学生学校适应性研究综述.云南师范大学学报.2006,38(2):125-127
[13]林崇德,俞国良.论心理学视野中的学校精神.北京师范大学学报,1996,(1):3-13
[14]刘万伦.小学学生学校适应性的发展特点调查[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2004,(2)
[15]刘万伦,沃建中.师生关系与中小学生学校适应性的关系.心理发展与教育,2005,(1):87-90
[16]刘志军.高中生的自我概念与学校适应.心理科学,2004,27(1):31-33
[17]廉串德,郑日昌.高一学生学校适应与教师领导行为关系之初探.心理发展与教育,2002,(4):61-64
[18]凌建勋.团队创新气氛问卷的编制与研究.暨南大学.2003 年硕士论文
[19]欧阳国健.积极学校气氛的塑造研究.华南师范大学,2002 年硕士论文
[20] 潘孝富,程正方 . 学校组织健康与学生心理健康的相关性研究 . 心理发展与教育,2001,(2):59-64
[21]谭千保,陈宇.班级环境对初中生学校适应的影响.中国临床心理学杂志,2007,(15):51-55
[22]王邦虎.校园文化论.北京:人民教育出版社.2001
[23]王丽萍.中小学生欺负-受欺负与学校适应的关系研究.山东师范大学硕士毕业论文,2002
[24]郑涌,程云,黄希庭.班风及其与班主任、班级学生人格特征的相关研究.心理科学,2002(25):346-354
[25]邹泓.同伴接纳、友谊与学校适应的研究[J].心理发展与教育,1997,(3).
[26]曾琦,芦咏莉,邹泓等.父母教育方式与儿童的学校适应.心理发展与教育,1997,(2):46-51
[27]邹泓.同伴接纳、友谊与学校适应的研究.心理发展与教育,1997,(3):55-59
[28]黄希庭.校风班风与人格发展.北京:新华出版社.2001
[29]江光荣.班级社会生态环境研究.武汉:华中师范大学出版社,2002
[30]朱智贤.心理学大辞典.北京:北京师范大学出版社,1989
[31]Bartini,Maria(2001).A longitudinal investigation of the development of gender role flexibility in early adolescence.Dissertation Abstracts International:Section B:The Sciences and Engineering,Jun;Vol 60(11 B):5809
[32]Bedley,C.How do you recognize a good school when you walk into one?Irvine:People-Wise publications,1990
[33]Birch S.H. and Ladd G.W. (1997). The Teacher-child Relationship and Children’s EarlySchool Adjustment[J]. Journal of School Psychology, vol.35.
[34]Burden.R. & Fraser.B.Examining teachers’perceptions of their working environments :Introducing the School Level Environment Questionnaire.Education Psychology in Practice,1994;10(2):67-71
[35]Cavanaugh et al.Evaluation of a school climate instrument for assessing affective objectives in health professional education,Evaluation&the Health Professions,1997;20(4):455-478
[36]Dixon,P.N&Johnson,W.L.Revisiting the Charles F.Kettering,LTD.School Climate Profile:Further analysis of the subscale structure,Education & Psychological Measurement,1991,51(1):135-141
[37]Gabriel P. Kuperminc. School Social Climate and Individual Differences in Vulnerability to Psychopathology among Middle School Students. Journal of School Psychology, 2001,39(2):141-159
[38]Goodell,A.L.Striking is hard to do:The suclusation of school climate during teacher contract negotiations.ERIC.Doc.Reproduction No.ED357394,1992
[39]Hattler,J.A.&Taylor,B.L.A study climate in Japanese high school.(ERIC Document Reproduction No.ED349685)
[40]Hoy,W.K&Clover,S.Elementary school climate:A revision of the OCDQ.Educational Administation Quaderly,22(1):93-110
[41]Huebner , Ruth A;Emery,Lynnda J;Shordike,Anne(2002).The Adolescent Role Assessment:Psychometric properties and theoretical usefulness.American Journal of Occupational Therapy,US:American Occupational Therapy Assn,Mar-Apr,Vol56(2):202-209
[42]James.L.R.&Jones.Organizational climate:A review of theory and research.Psychological Bulletin,1974,81(12):1096-1112
[43]James Griffith.School climate as group evaluation and group consensus:student and parent perceptions of the elementary school environment,The elementary school journal,2000;101(1):35-61
[44]Kaplan,L.S. &Geoffroy,K.E.Enhancing the school climate:New opportunities for the counselor.The School Counselor,38,7-12
[45]Kottkamp,P.B,Mulhern,J.A&Hoy,W.K.Secondary school climate:A revision of the OCDQ.Technical Report,Ruthers univ.Utilitasianism on liberly essay on bentham, John Stuart Mill,34
[46]Martin,Matthew M,Anderson,Carolyn M(2001). Aggressive communication raits and their relationships with the cognitive flexibility scale and the communication fiexibility scale.Journal of Social Behavior and Personality,US:Vol 13(3):531-540
[47]McEvoy,Alan.,Welker,Robert. Antisocial behavior, Academic Failure, and School Climate:ACritical Review. Journal of Emotional&Behavioral Disorders, 2000, 8(3):130-140
[48]Moos R.H. Conceptualizations of human environments. American Psychologist,1973(28):652-665
[49]Nusser,J.L.&Haller,E.J.Allernative perceptions of a school’s Climate:Do principals,students and teachers agree?ERIC.Doc.Reproduction No.ED390138
[50]Paredes,V.&Frazer,L.School climate in AISD(.ERIC Document Reproduction No.ED353677)
[51]Peiro,Jose M;Garcia Montalvo,Jose;Gracia,Francisco(2002).How do young people cope with job flexibility?:Demographic and psychological antecedents of the resistance to accept a job with non-preferres flexibility features.Applied-Psychology:An International Review,US:Taylor and Francis,Jan;Vol51(1):43-66
[52]Peterson , Reece L. & Skiba , Russell.Creating School Climates That Prevent School Violence.Clearing House,2001(74):155
[53]Robert Owens(袁振国等译).教育组织行为学,华东师范大学出版社,2001:185-219
[54]Stockard,J&mayberry,M.Effective education environments.Newbury Park,CA:corwin
[55]Sonomi Hirata&Toshihiko Sako.Perceptions of school environment among japa-nese junior high school,non-attendant,and juve-nile delinquent students,learning environments research,1999(1):321-331