矿山变形灾害监测相关理论及模型研究
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摘要
变形灾害是影响矿山安全生产的重要灾害源,目前对矿山变形灾害监测的手段很多。本文针对大区域的变形监测,建立三维变形监测基准及GPS沉降基准,提出基于GPS-RTK的矿山开采沉陷监测技术,并应用于矿山生产现场,取得了满意的效果。
针对矿山动态变形监测数据,提出多路径的EMD-WAVELET实时修正模型。研究变形数据变化的变异特征及分形特征。建立动态变形监测数据的灰色预报模型及GA-BP模型,用于矿山变形预测预警,本文研究成果如下:
(1)研究矿山三维变形灾害监测基准稳健建立的关键理论及技术,采用可靠性理论定义基准的评价指标体系。重点研究GPS基线网的抗差无约束平差模型及抗差坐标转换模型,并集成到软件系统,采用兖州、内蒙及山西矿区的GPS控制网数据测试理论及模型使用效果。
(2)研究不同的高程基准建立模型,提出基于支持向量机及GA-BP模型的大地水准面净化模型,通过比较选择合适的参数,建立内蒙及山西地区的高程基准。提出外部符合精度约束的SVM模型。
(3)提出基于高程基准的开采沉陷数据采集技术及DEM快速更新技术,首次理论上证明了采用GPS高进行开采沉陷的可行性,采用GPS-RTK进行矿山开采沉陷采集技术,并用于内蒙某工作面开采沉陷实际。
(4)提出实时动态变形监测GPS多路径的提取模型,指出EMD-WAVLET模型具有最好的效果,提出多路径的动态去除技术,并用于矿山井塔动态变形的多路径实时修正。
(5)针对变形监测数据提出变异函数及分形特征分析,提取特征维数用于变形预报,采用GA-BP模型及灰色预报模型进行矿山变形预报,取得较好的效果。
Deformation has been one of the most serious potential hazards in the mine. There are many methodologies to monitor this hazard. We present a method that mainly focus on large area monitoring, and built the datum of 3D datum monitoring algorithm, and proposed a GPS datum construction method. We concluded a model to monito the deformation based on GPS observation, and had a good result when put it for practice in the mine production field.
Based on the dynamical deformation monitoring data, we present a modified model of multi-path EMD-WAVELET, and studied the variants and fractual characters for more information. Then we built a gray forecast model and a GA-BP model. Finally we used it in the shaft deformation monitoring successfully.
The main research results we made include:
(1) We studied the key theory and technology of the 3D deformation datum construction. Reliability theory was introduced to evaluate the reliability of the datum. We studied the unrestricted robust model and robust coordinates translation model of the GPS baseline network, and assembled all program works to a software, and introduced the data of GPS control network in Yanzhou, Inner Mongolia and Shanxi mine to test this software.
(2) We studied different algorithms to establish the datum model and present a geoid purify model based on support vector machine and GA-BP algorithm. We established the height datum of Inner Mongolia and Shanxi with the proper parameters.The support vector machine algorithm based on the restriction of externally coincident precision was present in these experiments.
(3) The quick update technology based on the collocated deformation parameters from the height datum and DEM algorithm was present in this paper. Firstly we proved the practicability of GPS height datum deformation monitoring in theory, We studied the GPS mine deformation parameter collection technology to monitor the deformation for Inner Mongolia mine.
(4) GPS muti-path real-time dynamic extract model was proposed, and found that the model of EMD-Wavelet is more efficient. We successfully used this technology to modify the real-time multi-path affection in a shaft tower.
(5) We present a variance function, and analyzed the characters dimension based on the deformation data. Then we put it used in the forecast of deformation. GA-BP model was adapted to forecast the deformation of the shaft tower in the mine, and the result showed that the precision had been significantly improved.
针对矿山动态变形监测数据,提出多路径的EMD-WAVELET实时修正模型。研究变形数据变化的变异特征及分形特征。建立动态变形监测数据的灰色预报模型及GA-BP模型,用于矿山变形预测预警,本文研究成果如下:
(1)研究矿山三维变形灾害监测基准稳健建立的关键理论及技术,采用可靠性理论定义基准的评价指标体系。重点研究GPS基线网的抗差无约束平差模型及抗差坐标转换模型,并集成到软件系统,采用兖州、内蒙及山西矿区的GPS控制网数据测试理论及模型使用效果。
(2)研究不同的高程基准建立模型,提出基于支持向量机及GA-BP模型的大地水准面净化模型,通过比较选择合适的参数,建立内蒙及山西地区的高程基准。提出外部符合精度约束的SVM模型。
(3)提出基于高程基准的开采沉陷数据采集技术及DEM快速更新技术,首次理论上证明了采用GPS高进行开采沉陷的可行性,采用GPS-RTK进行矿山开采沉陷采集技术,并用于内蒙某工作面开采沉陷实际。
(4)提出实时动态变形监测GPS多路径的提取模型,指出EMD-WAVLET模型具有最好的效果,提出多路径的动态去除技术,并用于矿山井塔动态变形的多路径实时修正。
(5)针对变形监测数据提出变异函数及分形特征分析,提取特征维数用于变形预报,采用GA-BP模型及灰色预报模型进行矿山变形预报,取得较好的效果。
Deformation has been one of the most serious potential hazards in the mine. There are many methodologies to monitor this hazard. We present a method that mainly focus on large area monitoring, and built the datum of 3D datum monitoring algorithm, and proposed a GPS datum construction method. We concluded a model to monito the deformation based on GPS observation, and had a good result when put it for practice in the mine production field.
Based on the dynamical deformation monitoring data, we present a modified model of multi-path EMD-WAVELET, and studied the variants and fractual characters for more information. Then we built a gray forecast model and a GA-BP model. Finally we used it in the shaft deformation monitoring successfully.
The main research results we made include:
(1) We studied the key theory and technology of the 3D deformation datum construction. Reliability theory was introduced to evaluate the reliability of the datum. We studied the unrestricted robust model and robust coordinates translation model of the GPS baseline network, and assembled all program works to a software, and introduced the data of GPS control network in Yanzhou, Inner Mongolia and Shanxi mine to test this software.
(2) We studied different algorithms to establish the datum model and present a geoid purify model based on support vector machine and GA-BP algorithm. We established the height datum of Inner Mongolia and Shanxi with the proper parameters.The support vector machine algorithm based on the restriction of externally coincident precision was present in these experiments.
(3) The quick update technology based on the collocated deformation parameters from the height datum and DEM algorithm was present in this paper. Firstly we proved the practicability of GPS height datum deformation monitoring in theory, We studied the GPS mine deformation parameter collection technology to monitor the deformation for Inner Mongolia mine.
(4) GPS muti-path real-time dynamic extract model was proposed, and found that the model of EMD-Wavelet is more efficient. We successfully used this technology to modify the real-time multi-path affection in a shaft tower.
(5) We present a variance function, and analyzed the characters dimension based on the deformation data. Then we put it used in the forecast of deformation. GA-BP model was adapted to forecast the deformation of the shaft tower in the mine, and the result showed that the precision had been significantly improved.
引文
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