奥运村历史演进研究
摘要
奥运村是现代奥林匹克运动的有机体,是“奥林匹克运动的心脏”。奥林匹克的格言之一“重要的是参加而不是取胜”在奥运村内得到了最好的诠释,由于主办城市各异使得历届奥运村具有不同的特质,体现了奥林匹克运动的多元性和国际性。奥运村丰富了奥林匹克运动的内涵,为奥林匹克运动做出了积极的贡献,同时促进了主办城市的建设和发展。
奥运村的概念最初是顾拜旦提出的,从概念到实体的发展则是一个漫长的历史过程。奥运村既是一个“自然区域”,又是一个特别的“精神区域”,具有服务性、象征性与表达性的功能。奥运村由物理空间和社会关系空间共同构成,奥运村物理空间涉及城市的土地、水、空气、道路、建筑及其它各种自然物和人造物,其背后是人与自然的关系;奥运村社会关系空间涉及的是人与人的关系。奥运村的发展过程首先是一个可以观察到的物理现象,是伴随现代工业、现代化科学技术、现代化通讯等等而发展的,展现出的是人与自然关系的变化,奥运村物理空间充分地展示了人类的创造性和主体性;奥运村社会关系空间则是隐性的,然而又是更加重要的,它承载了奥林匹克运动的理想,展示了奥林匹克运动的多样性,彰显了各个不同民族文化的魅力。
依据奥运村的功能将奥运村发展历程划分为四个阶段:第一阶段(1896-1928)早期奥运会的临时性住宿方案;第二阶段(1932-1936)奥运村的探索期;第三阶段(1948-1956)奥运村的发展期;第四阶段(1960-1976)奥运村的全面发展期;第五阶段(1980-)奥运村的可持续发展期。奥运村不仅仅是运动员的住地,而且体现了奥林匹克运动的价值,但是价值的难以确定和模糊,导致了早期奥运村被技术手段所掩盖,从工程技术角度加以考虑奥运村的建设以及评价,体现了工业化社会中的价值标准,从而也免于复杂的价值判断,反映了在奥运村规划的早期,受到建筑学思维至上的影响是难以避免的,从而导致了奥运村的建设多从物理空间考虑,还无法细致和成熟的加以规划它的社会空间,尤其在战后的艰难时期更加明显。进入新时期奥运村成为一个没有障碍的、具有永久性发展能力的、在现代化的城市里尊重环境和生命质量的一个典范,它的先进思想对于现代城市社会具有极大的促进作用。
Olympic Village,the organism of the modern Olympic movement,is "the heart of the Olympic Assembly." One of the Olympic mottos "The important thing is to win rather than take part in" in the Olympic Village gets the best interpretation,as the various host city makes Olympic village also have different characteristics,reflecting the diversity and international of the Olympic Movement.Olympic Village has enriched the connotation of the Olympic Movement,made a positive contributions to it,also it has promoted the host city of the construction and development.
The concept of Olympic Village was originally proposed by Pierre de Coubertin, the founder of the Modern Olympic Movememt,while it has a long historical process from its concept to its entity.As a natural field,Olympic Village has the service function,and as a special spirit field,it has the functions of symbol and expression. As a whole,Olympic Village is made by the physical space and social relations space,. its physical space involving in the Olympic city's land,water,air,road,construction and other natural objects and human creation,behind which reflacts the relationship between the man and the nature.Olympic Village social relations space involves the relationship between human beings.First of all,the Olympic village development process can be observed as a physical phenomenon,accompanied by modem industry, modern technology,modern communications and development,showing the relationship changed between the man and the nature,its physical space fully displaying the creativity and subjectivity of human;Olympic Village social relations space is implicit,however,is more important.
Combination the Olympic Movement development stages,as well as its unique characteristics of the Olympic Village development,in the analysis of the development process will be the Olympic Village divided into four phases:the first phase(1896-1928) Early temporary accommodation policy of Olympic Games;the second phase(1932-1936) Exploration the Olympic Village;the third phase(1948 -1956) Development Period of the Olympic Village;the fourth phase(1960-1976) Cmprehensive development period of the Olympic Village;the fifth phase(1980 -) Sustainable development period of Olympic Village.Olympic Village is not just the residence for athletes,also reflects the value of the Olympic Movement.However,it is difficult to determine its value becouse of ts vague,and from the engineering point of view,the villages in its early days overshadowed by technical means,the Olympic Villages,as well as evaluating its construction,were embodied the standard of the industrial society values,and lack of the complex value judgments,so in its early planning,the impact of the architectural supremacy of thinking is hard to avoid, which led to its constraction from the point of physical space,fail to regard its social space maturely and meticulously,particularly in the Post-War,the difficult times. Entering into a new era,there are no obstacles to the Olympic Village and it has a permanent capacity for its development in the modernization of the city,as a model it respects the environment and quality of life of,and has a great role in its advanced ideology in the modern urban society.
奥运村的概念最初是顾拜旦提出的,从概念到实体的发展则是一个漫长的历史过程。奥运村既是一个“自然区域”,又是一个特别的“精神区域”,具有服务性、象征性与表达性的功能。奥运村由物理空间和社会关系空间共同构成,奥运村物理空间涉及城市的土地、水、空气、道路、建筑及其它各种自然物和人造物,其背后是人与自然的关系;奥运村社会关系空间涉及的是人与人的关系。奥运村的发展过程首先是一个可以观察到的物理现象,是伴随现代工业、现代化科学技术、现代化通讯等等而发展的,展现出的是人与自然关系的变化,奥运村物理空间充分地展示了人类的创造性和主体性;奥运村社会关系空间则是隐性的,然而又是更加重要的,它承载了奥林匹克运动的理想,展示了奥林匹克运动的多样性,彰显了各个不同民族文化的魅力。
依据奥运村的功能将奥运村发展历程划分为四个阶段:第一阶段(1896-1928)早期奥运会的临时性住宿方案;第二阶段(1932-1936)奥运村的探索期;第三阶段(1948-1956)奥运村的发展期;第四阶段(1960-1976)奥运村的全面发展期;第五阶段(1980-)奥运村的可持续发展期。奥运村不仅仅是运动员的住地,而且体现了奥林匹克运动的价值,但是价值的难以确定和模糊,导致了早期奥运村被技术手段所掩盖,从工程技术角度加以考虑奥运村的建设以及评价,体现了工业化社会中的价值标准,从而也免于复杂的价值判断,反映了在奥运村规划的早期,受到建筑学思维至上的影响是难以避免的,从而导致了奥运村的建设多从物理空间考虑,还无法细致和成熟的加以规划它的社会空间,尤其在战后的艰难时期更加明显。进入新时期奥运村成为一个没有障碍的、具有永久性发展能力的、在现代化的城市里尊重环境和生命质量的一个典范,它的先进思想对于现代城市社会具有极大的促进作用。
Olympic Village,the organism of the modern Olympic movement,is "the heart of the Olympic Assembly." One of the Olympic mottos "The important thing is to win rather than take part in" in the Olympic Village gets the best interpretation,as the various host city makes Olympic village also have different characteristics,reflecting the diversity and international of the Olympic Movement.Olympic Village has enriched the connotation of the Olympic Movement,made a positive contributions to it,also it has promoted the host city of the construction and development.
The concept of Olympic Village was originally proposed by Pierre de Coubertin, the founder of the Modern Olympic Movememt,while it has a long historical process from its concept to its entity.As a natural field,Olympic Village has the service function,and as a special spirit field,it has the functions of symbol and expression. As a whole,Olympic Village is made by the physical space and social relations space,. its physical space involving in the Olympic city's land,water,air,road,construction and other natural objects and human creation,behind which reflacts the relationship between the man and the nature.Olympic Village social relations space involves the relationship between human beings.First of all,the Olympic village development process can be observed as a physical phenomenon,accompanied by modem industry, modern technology,modern communications and development,showing the relationship changed between the man and the nature,its physical space fully displaying the creativity and subjectivity of human;Olympic Village social relations space is implicit,however,is more important.
Combination the Olympic Movement development stages,as well as its unique characteristics of the Olympic Village development,in the analysis of the development process will be the Olympic Village divided into four phases:the first phase(1896-1928) Early temporary accommodation policy of Olympic Games;the second phase(1932-1936) Exploration the Olympic Village;the third phase(1948 -1956) Development Period of the Olympic Village;the fourth phase(1960-1976) Cmprehensive development period of the Olympic Village;the fifth phase(1980 -) Sustainable development period of Olympic Village.Olympic Village is not just the residence for athletes,also reflects the value of the Olympic Movement.However,it is difficult to determine its value becouse of ts vague,and from the engineering point of view,the villages in its early days overshadowed by technical means,the Olympic Villages,as well as evaluating its construction,were embodied the standard of the industrial society values,and lack of the complex value judgments,so in its early planning,the impact of the architectural supremacy of thinking is hard to avoid, which led to its constraction from the point of physical space,fail to regard its social space maturely and meticulously,particularly in the Post-War,the difficult times. Entering into a new era,there are no obstacles to the Olympic Village and it has a permanent capacity for its development in the modernization of the city,as a model it respects the environment and quality of life of,and has a great role in its advanced ideology in the modern urban society.
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