淡水鱼鱼体头尾与腹背定向整理设备的研究
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摘要
鱼类加工技术在国外起步于19世纪初期,发展到现阶段自动化水平已经很高,作为鱼类加工的辅助性工序之一的鱼体定向整理问题在国外也具有一定的水平,但是并没有完全解决这一难题,且国外常见于海水鱼体的定向,应用于大个体淡水鱼体的定向较为少见。我国的淡水渔业位居世界前列,解决淡水鱼体定向问题可为淡水鱼加工的连续化生产提供一种有效的进料方式。
本论文以鲢鱼(Silver carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)为研究对象,参考国内外鱼体定向整理的研究成果,并结合农业机械化领域中其他物料的定向技术,提出了利用倾斜振动台面进行淡水鱼体头尾定向和利用渐变滑道进行鱼体腹背定向的方法,并根据此方法原理设计制作了振动试验台,通过理论分析和试验初步证明了该定向方法的可行性。
文章研究了鲢鱼鱼体的摩擦特性,研究结果表明鲢鱼鱼体顺鳞方向摩擦角小于逆鳞方向,鱼头部分摩擦角最小,鱼尾部分最大,给水润滑情况下摩擦角小于无水润滑的结果；根据振动试验台的机构模型,结合物料在抖动板上的运动规律,初步估算出当取振动台面振幅B=3mm、筛面角α=10。、鱼体摩擦角φ=50。时,使鱼体在振动台面上保持下行运动所需满足的振动电机转速条件为：505r/min 以鱼体落入振动试验台台面的初始体位(A)、振动电机频率(B)、激振力(C)和振动台面倾斜角(D)为因素,以鱼体定向成功率L和定向耗时t为试验指标,进行了鱼体头尾定向试验；以渐变滑道夹角(a)、振动电机频率(b)、激振力(c)和振动台面倾斜角(d)为因素,以鱼体定向成功率(L)和定向耗时(t)为指标进行了鱼体腹背定向试验。试验结果为头尾定向的总定位成功率达到了97.53%,定向动作可在0.65～3.75s内完成；腹背定位的总定位成功率达97.5%,定向动作可在0.39～5.03s内完成,试验各个因素对鱼体定向耗时均具有显著影响,试验结果证明了利用倾斜振动台面进行鱼体头尾定向和利用渐变滑道进行鱼体腹背定向的原理是可行的。
Fish processing technology in foreign countries started in the early 19th century, the mechanization at this stage has been developed in a very high level, also as the auxiliary processes of fish orientation arrangement, but it not completely solve this problem, and in foreign it's common in marine fish orientation, rarely applied to large freshwater body orientation. China' Freshwater Fisheries is one of the largest in the world, to address the problem of freshwater fish body orientation could lay a solid foundation for sustainable of freshwater fisheries'development.
In this thesis, silver carp is taken as the research object, according to the technology of fish orientation at home and abroad as well as mechanical technology with other materials in the agricultural mechanization field, proposed the principle that use of tilt vibration table to set the freshwater fishes'head forward and the gradient slide to set the freshwater fishes'backs up, and designed and manufactured a vibrating table under the principles. Qualitative analysis the theory of the principle, and a preliminary theoretical analysis is proved the feasibility of the principles.
Part of the silver carp fish tissue friction characteristics had been researched, the results show that the friction angle of the silver carp fish along the scales direction is less than reverse direction, the friction angle of head part is the minimum, and the tail'friction angle is the largest, water lubrication less than dry test results. According to the model of the vibration test stand, combined with screening material movement on the plate jitter in the screening field, to make the fish keep going down the vibration the motor speed must meet the conditions:505r/min The initial position of the fish into the vibration test stand (A). vibration motor frequency (B), the exciting force (C) and vibration table tilt angle (D) were setted as factors, and the localization rate of fish(L), the directional time-consuming (t) were setted as index test during the experiment of setting the fishes" heads forward. The gradient ramp angle (a), vibration motor frequency (b), the exciting force (c) and vibration table tilt angle (d) were setted as the factors, the localization rate of fish (L), the directional time-consuming (t) were setted as the index test during the experiment of setting the fishes' backs up. The experiment results were that the total rate of successfully setting the fishes' head forward reached 97.53%, and the actions that setting the fishes' head forward could completed within 0.65～3.75s.The rate of successfully setting the fishes' backs up was 97.5%, and the actions of setting the fishes'backs up could completed within 0.65～3.75s, and each of the factors has a significant impact on the time-consuming. So the experiment results show that the mechanism of using the tilt vibration plate to set the freshwater fishes' heads forward and the gradient slide to set the freshwater fishes' backs up are feasible.
本论文以鲢鱼(Silver carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)为研究对象,参考国内外鱼体定向整理的研究成果,并结合农业机械化领域中其他物料的定向技术,提出了利用倾斜振动台面进行淡水鱼体头尾定向和利用渐变滑道进行鱼体腹背定向的方法,并根据此方法原理设计制作了振动试验台,通过理论分析和试验初步证明了该定向方法的可行性。
文章研究了鲢鱼鱼体的摩擦特性,研究结果表明鲢鱼鱼体顺鳞方向摩擦角小于逆鳞方向,鱼头部分摩擦角最小,鱼尾部分最大,给水润滑情况下摩擦角小于无水润滑的结果；根据振动试验台的机构模型,结合物料在抖动板上的运动规律,初步估算出当取振动台面振幅B=3mm、筛面角α=10。、鱼体摩擦角φ=50。时,使鱼体在振动台面上保持下行运动所需满足的振动电机转速条件为：505r/min
Fish processing technology in foreign countries started in the early 19th century, the mechanization at this stage has been developed in a very high level, also as the auxiliary processes of fish orientation arrangement, but it not completely solve this problem, and in foreign it's common in marine fish orientation, rarely applied to large freshwater body orientation. China' Freshwater Fisheries is one of the largest in the world, to address the problem of freshwater fish body orientation could lay a solid foundation for sustainable of freshwater fisheries'development.
In this thesis, silver carp is taken as the research object, according to the technology of fish orientation at home and abroad as well as mechanical technology with other materials in the agricultural mechanization field, proposed the principle that use of tilt vibration table to set the freshwater fishes'head forward and the gradient slide to set the freshwater fishes'backs up, and designed and manufactured a vibrating table under the principles. Qualitative analysis the theory of the principle, and a preliminary theoretical analysis is proved the feasibility of the principles.
Part of the silver carp fish tissue friction characteristics had been researched, the results show that the friction angle of the silver carp fish along the scales direction is less than reverse direction, the friction angle of head part is the minimum, and the tail'friction angle is the largest, water lubrication less than dry test results. According to the model of the vibration test stand, combined with screening material movement on the plate jitter in the screening field, to make the fish keep going down the vibration the motor speed must meet the conditions:505r/min
引文
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3. 段传胜,单杨.淡水鱼鱼糜加工的研究进展与关键性技术探讨[J].农产品加工·学刊,2007,7：52-58.
4.谷伯耀.振动机械中振动电机的选用[J].机电工程,1997,(1)：55.
5.庚莉萍.水产加工市场发展综述[J].渔业致富指南,2005,(03)：15-18.
6. 光翠娥,黄敏.加强淡水鱼的加工与综合利用[J].食品研究与开发,2005,(3)：25-27.
7. 高英武,陈振宇,高兴宇,等.田螺脱壳清洗机振动筛的设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2007,23(5)：121-125.
8. 顾海明,周勇军.机械振动理论与应用[M].南京：东南大学出版社,2007.
9. 胡海岩.机械振动基础[M].北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2005.
10.何伟,李威.淡水鱼机械除鳞模拟装置[J].北京水产,2005,(05)：59-60.
11.捷列申科,麦捷诺娃.激光能在鱼体剖割中的应用[J].河北渔业,1992,(6)：18-19.
12.J.Knyszewki.细棘长吻鱼的快速去头去内脏加工技术[J].渔业机械仪器,1991,18(59)：26-30.
13.金伦镐.鱼类筛选器[P].中国专利,200710087557.3：2009-08-13.
14.陆光明.西德Baader型鱼类加工处理机械[J].渔业现代化,1979,(04)：46-50.
15.林启仪.日本用压力气体喷射法采集鱼肉[J].水产科技情报,1982,(02)：28-28.
16.李晓雷,俞德孚,孙逢春.机械振动基础[M].北京：北京理工大学出版社,1996.
17.李潜.颗粒的受力分析[M].北京：科技出版社,1998.
18.李建平,沈永仁,赵匀.物料在抖动输送板上运动的计算机模拟与试验研究[J].农业机械学报,1998,29(3)：1-4.
19.刘晓燕,于晓光.大型直线振动筛的动力学分析[J].鞍山科技大学学报,2003,26(2)：11-14.
20.李文英.大型振动筛动力分析及动态设计[博士论文].太原：太原理工大学,2004.
21.李建平,林妙玲,赵匀,等.水稻钵苗振动排序正位装置的分析与试验[J].农业机械学报,2006,37(9)：74-78.
22.廖振平.重视水产品加工促进渔业发展fJ].大众科技,2007,(01)：141-143.
23.刘良忠,彭三河,刘黎.一种处理鱼鳞、内脏、黑膜的鱼加工机械[P].中国专利, 200720085087.2：2008-03-05.
24.雷树德,谭鹤群.链式剖鱼机的研制与试验研究[J].农机化研究,2009,9(31)：81-84.
25.雷树德.小型剖鱼机的研制[D].武汉：华中农业大学工学院,2009.
26.穆存远.惯性振动筛的远动主参数设计[J].机械设计,2008,(8)：11-14.
27.屈小会.振动清理筛的调整方法探讨[J].粮食流通技术,2007,(4)：15-18.
28.阮竞兰,屈少敏.往复振动筛远动参数的优化设计[J].中国粮油学报,2001,16(3)：60-63.
29.施鲲.99中国国际渔业博览会渔业装备集萃[J].渔业现代化,1999,(06)：35-38.
30.滕瑜,王彩理.水产品加工的发展趋势与研究方向(上)[J].科学养鱼,2005,(05)：69-70.
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