国际矿业直接投资过程中的矿业权安全性评价研究
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摘要
随着中国经济的高速发展,对矿产资源的需求量越来越大,从我国国内矿产资源供需形势来看,资源保障不足。要解决我国的矿产资源紧张问题,一方面要立足国内,努力多找矿、找大矿;另一方面要“走出去”。中国矿业企业在走出去的过程中面临许多挑战,其中最为主要的是矿业权安全性的保障,如何评价投资目标国的矿业权安全性是十分关键的问题。矿业权是一种权利,也是一项资产。矿业企业通过矿业权的行使,可以获得一定的收益,但是矿业权需要得到法律的确认并保护。矿业权人在勘查开采矿产资源的时候,即享有一定的权利,同时也要履行一定的义务,权利越合理,越安全,获得收益的可能性就越大,义务越繁多,失去收益的风险就越高,越不安全。而且,权利最终需要法律保护而得以实现,也是矿业权安全性的最后保障。本文介绍了国际矿业直接投资的特点与方式,分析了矿业权安全性的内涵及其发展;论述了矿业权相关者利益者,矿业权的物权理论,矿业权的行政特许理论,矿业合同等。在综合、比较各国矿业权法律法规的基础上,总结了有关矿业权共同性的规定,构建了矿业权法律制度分析框架。同时分析了我国矿产资源的需求现状和国际矿业投资形势,并通过对矿业权制度及其影响投资人权利义务的关键因素的列举与评价,对影响矿业权安全的因素作全面整理与分析,并利用层次分析法,构建了矿业权安全性评价的指标体系。在上述工作的基础上,提出运用模糊综合评价法对投资目标国的矿业权安全性进行评价并构建评价模型,详细论述了在此模型下的具体方法步骤。在理论模型和方法指导下,本文对哈萨克斯坦国和智利果的矿业权安全性进行评价。最后,从提高矿业权安全性保障的角度,提出了国际直接矿业投资过程中的提高(保障)矿业权安全性的对策与建议。
China needs more and more mineral resources with rapid economic growth, There’s also the issue of a lack of suitable domestic mineral resources to meet the China’s demand. We should depend upon the international mineral resource as well as domestic market in the Contradictory's solution: to explore high Grade deposit in domestic and to explore mineral resources aboard. In the process of going aboard to explore mineral resource, Chinese mineral enterprises face many challenges, most of which is the security of mining rights: how to assess the security of mining rights is a very critical issue. Mineral right is a kind of right, as well as an asset. Mining enterprises will get certain amount of revenue by executing the mineral right, but first the mineral right should be identified by law and protected by the law. Mineral enterprise will be entitled to the right and perform the obligations during the process of prospecting and mining of mineral resources. the more reasonable the right is, the safer the mineral right is ,and the higher possibility the mineral enterprise get the profit; the more obligations the mining enterprises will perform, the higher possibility the benefit will be lost, and the more riskier the mining enterprises will face. Moreover, legal is the final protection of the mineral right.This article introduces the characteristics of the international direct investment in mining industry, analyzes the content of security of the mining rights, the interest demand of the core stakeholders concerning the mineral rights, the property theory to mineral rights, the chartered right theory to mineral rights, the contractual theory to mineral rights, etc. on the basis of comparing and synthesizing the provisions of the mineral rights in many nations, the author tried to form framework for analyzing the legal system of mineral rights. On listing and analyzing of the key points in mineral rights system and their impact on the investors’rights and obligations, evaluation index system of security of mineral rights was constructed from AHP method. In the basic of the above work, the author established evaluation model for security of mineral rights by using the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, and described how to use the model in details. In the guidance of evaluation model and methods, the author evaluated the security of mineral rights in Kazakhstan and Chile. In the end, some countermeasures and suggestions were put forward improving the security of mineral rights for international directed investment.
China needs more and more mineral resources with rapid economic growth, There’s also the issue of a lack of suitable domestic mineral resources to meet the China’s demand. We should depend upon the international mineral resource as well as domestic market in the Contradictory's solution: to explore high Grade deposit in domestic and to explore mineral resources aboard. In the process of going aboard to explore mineral resource, Chinese mineral enterprises face many challenges, most of which is the security of mining rights: how to assess the security of mining rights is a very critical issue. Mineral right is a kind of right, as well as an asset. Mining enterprises will get certain amount of revenue by executing the mineral right, but first the mineral right should be identified by law and protected by the law. Mineral enterprise will be entitled to the right and perform the obligations during the process of prospecting and mining of mineral resources. the more reasonable the right is, the safer the mineral right is ,and the higher possibility the mineral enterprise get the profit; the more obligations the mining enterprises will perform, the higher possibility the benefit will be lost, and the more riskier the mining enterprises will face. Moreover, legal is the final protection of the mineral right.This article introduces the characteristics of the international direct investment in mining industry, analyzes the content of security of the mining rights, the interest demand of the core stakeholders concerning the mineral rights, the property theory to mineral rights, the chartered right theory to mineral rights, the contractual theory to mineral rights, etc. on the basis of comparing and synthesizing the provisions of the mineral rights in many nations, the author tried to form framework for analyzing the legal system of mineral rights. On listing and analyzing of the key points in mineral rights system and their impact on the investors’rights and obligations, evaluation index system of security of mineral rights was constructed from AHP method. In the basic of the above work, the author established evaluation model for security of mineral rights by using the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, and described how to use the model in details. In the guidance of evaluation model and methods, the author evaluated the security of mineral rights in Kazakhstan and Chile. In the end, some countermeasures and suggestions were put forward improving the security of mineral rights for international directed investment.
引文
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