水中重金属离子处理新方法
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摘要
水是自然界和人类生存发展不可或缺的因素之一。随着全球经济的发展水的需求量越来越大,而另一方面水环境的污染也越来越严重。而原本人们以为水是“取之不尽用之不竭”的看法已经成为历史。目前水资源已经相当缺乏。如何用现有的水资源来满足当今甚至以后世界的生存和发展已经成为全球的一个热点问题。而这就需要如何对污染的水进行后续处理净化,以达到人们生产和生存的需求。水环境的污染中重金属的污染占了相当大的比例。而且重金属污染不像其它类型的污染可以通过生物降解和生物链的循环而减弱或者消失。重金属污染极易在生物链中富集放大,存在于生物体内,且重金属的毒性较大,对人类的生存健康和自然界的发展造成了严重的影响。目前水中重金撤离子的处理方法主要有吸附法,絮凝沉淀法,膜分离技术,生物技术,有机材料法和硫化物沉淀法等。其中有机材料和硫化物沉淀已被越来越多的人关注,因为它具有选择性好,处理能力强,成本低,可反复利用等优点。
本课题对水中重金属离子的污染现状和危害及处理对策进行了简要的概述,并对目前国内外水中重金属污染治理的研究工作、发展前景进行了系统的综述。着重阐述了通过合成的二羟基二苯基硫醚对传统聚氨酯进行改性,从而制得了一种新型重金属吸附材料—新型硫醚聚氨酯泡沫塑料(Sulfide PolyUrethane Foam,以下简称SPUF)。本课题主要研究工作是确定了合成二羟基二苯基硫醚(即4,4'-硫代二酚)的最优条件,对所合成的二羟基二苯基硫醚进行了红外表征和熔点测定。然后将其掺入聚氨酯泡沫塑料的合成原料中,对传统的聚氨酯泡沫塑料进行了改性,确定了各合成原料之间的最佳配比。最终得到外观及性质都比较稳定的硫醚聚氨酯泡沫塑料。对其进行产品表征后,选取三种重金属离子(Cu~(2+)、Pb~(2+)、Cd~(2+))对所得产品进行吸附测试,分别考虑pH值、温度、时间、流速的影响,确定了静态和动态吸附的最佳吸附条件。并对吸附重金属离子后的产品又进行了洗脱,对其功能再生,并测定洗脱后的硫醚聚氨酯泡塑的吸附能力,从而使其可以达到反复利用的目的。通过聚氨酯改性来合成对重金属离子具有吸附功能的材料目前已有不少报道,但是通过二羟基二苯基硫醚对聚氨酯泡塑进行改性目前还少有报道,因此本课题具有一定的创新意义。通过大量实验工作也证实该方案切实可行,效果良好,有较好的发展前景。
The water is one of the essential factors for the natural and human survival and development. As the development of the global economy, the demand of water increasing, and on the other hand water environment pollution has become increasingly serious. Originally, people thought that the water is "inexhaustible unlimited", but this view has become a history. At present the lack of water has been considerable. How to use existing water resources to meet today even after the world's survival and development has become a hot issue of worldwide. So it needs that how to conduct a follow-up polluted water purification, so as to achieve the demand of people's production and survival. Heavy metals pollution takes a fairly large proportion on water pollution in the environment. Unlike other types of pollutions, which can be biodegradable and weakened or disappeared in biological chain cycle, heavy metal pollution in the biological chain vulnerable in the enrichment enlarge and exist in the body, and it has a greater the toxicity .heavy metal pollution has made a seriously affect on human health and the survival of the development. At present the main methods of heavy metal ions treatment in water are adsorption, flocculation precipitation, membrane separation technology, biotechnology, organic materials and sulfide precipitation etc. The methods of organic materials and sulfide precipitation have made more and more attention by people .That because it's better choice, the strong handling capacity, simply feasible process, low-cost advantages and can be repeatedly used.
The issue makes a brief overview of heavy metal ions in water pollution and treatment, and makes a system summarize on water treatment research work and the future development of the heavy metal pollution at home and abroad. Focused on the modified traditional polyurethane by the synthesized 4,4'- Dihydroxy diphenyl thioether, which is a new type of adsorption materials for heavy metal ions - new sulfide ether polyurethane foam. The main topic of the research is to determine the optimal conditions synthesis of 4,4'- Dihydroxy diphenyl thioether(TDP) ,makes its character by IR and melting point measure. Then mix TDP into the synthesis of the traditional polyurethane foam ,in order to modify the traditional polyurethane foam .and confirmed the best ratio of the various materials in synthesis of PU . Finally gained a sulfide polyurethane foam (SPUF), which is stable on appearance and property. After the token of the product, selected three heavy metal ions (Cu~(2+), Pb~(2+), Cd~(2+)) ,made the static and dynamic adsorption tests for the product, and consider the impactions of pH, temperature, time, velocity. Determine the best adsorption conditions of static and dynamic adsorption. And make a functional regeneration after the adsorption of heavy metal ions, and measure adsorption capacity after the elution of the sulfide polyurethane foam, which it can be repeatedly used for the purpose of reach. Though there are many reports on the heavy metal ion adsorption function of the material by modified polyurethane, but it is still rare through TDP. Therefore, this subject has some innovativeness. Through numerous experiments confirmed that the project is feasible, and effective, and it has good prospects for development.
本课题对水中重金属离子的污染现状和危害及处理对策进行了简要的概述,并对目前国内外水中重金属污染治理的研究工作、发展前景进行了系统的综述。着重阐述了通过合成的二羟基二苯基硫醚对传统聚氨酯进行改性,从而制得了一种新型重金属吸附材料—新型硫醚聚氨酯泡沫塑料(Sulfide PolyUrethane Foam,以下简称SPUF)。本课题主要研究工作是确定了合成二羟基二苯基硫醚(即4,4'-硫代二酚)的最优条件,对所合成的二羟基二苯基硫醚进行了红外表征和熔点测定。然后将其掺入聚氨酯泡沫塑料的合成原料中,对传统的聚氨酯泡沫塑料进行了改性,确定了各合成原料之间的最佳配比。最终得到外观及性质都比较稳定的硫醚聚氨酯泡沫塑料。对其进行产品表征后,选取三种重金属离子(Cu~(2+)、Pb~(2+)、Cd~(2+))对所得产品进行吸附测试,分别考虑pH值、温度、时间、流速的影响,确定了静态和动态吸附的最佳吸附条件。并对吸附重金属离子后的产品又进行了洗脱,对其功能再生,并测定洗脱后的硫醚聚氨酯泡塑的吸附能力,从而使其可以达到反复利用的目的。通过聚氨酯改性来合成对重金属离子具有吸附功能的材料目前已有不少报道,但是通过二羟基二苯基硫醚对聚氨酯泡塑进行改性目前还少有报道,因此本课题具有一定的创新意义。通过大量实验工作也证实该方案切实可行,效果良好,有较好的发展前景。
The water is one of the essential factors for the natural and human survival and development. As the development of the global economy, the demand of water increasing, and on the other hand water environment pollution has become increasingly serious. Originally, people thought that the water is "inexhaustible unlimited", but this view has become a history. At present the lack of water has been considerable. How to use existing water resources to meet today even after the world's survival and development has become a hot issue of worldwide. So it needs that how to conduct a follow-up polluted water purification, so as to achieve the demand of people's production and survival. Heavy metals pollution takes a fairly large proportion on water pollution in the environment. Unlike other types of pollutions, which can be biodegradable and weakened or disappeared in biological chain cycle, heavy metal pollution in the biological chain vulnerable in the enrichment enlarge and exist in the body, and it has a greater the toxicity .heavy metal pollution has made a seriously affect on human health and the survival of the development. At present the main methods of heavy metal ions treatment in water are adsorption, flocculation precipitation, membrane separation technology, biotechnology, organic materials and sulfide precipitation etc. The methods of organic materials and sulfide precipitation have made more and more attention by people .That because it's better choice, the strong handling capacity, simply feasible process, low-cost advantages and can be repeatedly used.
The issue makes a brief overview of heavy metal ions in water pollution and treatment, and makes a system summarize on water treatment research work and the future development of the heavy metal pollution at home and abroad. Focused on the modified traditional polyurethane by the synthesized 4,4'- Dihydroxy diphenyl thioether, which is a new type of adsorption materials for heavy metal ions - new sulfide ether polyurethane foam. The main topic of the research is to determine the optimal conditions synthesis of 4,4'- Dihydroxy diphenyl thioether(TDP) ,makes its character by IR and melting point measure. Then mix TDP into the synthesis of the traditional polyurethane foam ,in order to modify the traditional polyurethane foam .and confirmed the best ratio of the various materials in synthesis of PU . Finally gained a sulfide polyurethane foam (SPUF), which is stable on appearance and property. After the token of the product, selected three heavy metal ions (Cu~(2+), Pb~(2+), Cd~(2+)) ,made the static and dynamic adsorption tests for the product, and consider the impactions of pH, temperature, time, velocity. Determine the best adsorption conditions of static and dynamic adsorption. And make a functional regeneration after the adsorption of heavy metal ions, and measure adsorption capacity after the elution of the sulfide polyurethane foam, which it can be repeatedly used for the purpose of reach. Though there are many reports on the heavy metal ion adsorption function of the material by modified polyurethane, but it is still rare through TDP. Therefore, this subject has some innovativeness. Through numerous experiments confirmed that the project is feasible, and effective, and it has good prospects for development.
引文
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