微量污染物在污水处理过程中的迁移转化及控制技术的研究
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摘要
城市废水深度处理后回用是解决水资源短缺的有效途径之一。由于城市污水处理厂的尾水中仍含有一些残留的污染物质,废水回用可能对人体健康和生态环境造成严重的影响。因此,研究这些微量有毒污染物在处理厂中的迁移转化规律及其控制技术具有重要的现实意义。
本文研究了微量污染物在污水生物处理过程中的分布及迁移转化。重金属(铬、锰、钴、镍、铜、锌、铷、银、镉、铟、钡、铅、铀)和内分泌干扰物(多氯联苯、多环芳烃、邻苯二甲酸酯、酚类、有机氯农药)在城市污水厂的污水和污泥中均能检测到。污水中重金属的平均浓度为1.31μg/L～1994.1μg/L,内分泌干扰物的平均浓度为11.65ng/L～30.48μg/L;污泥中微量污染物的浓度较高,重金属平均浓度为8.69mg/kg～10333.19mg/kg,内分泌干扰物平均浓度为19.94ng/g～137.45μg/g。经过污水厂的生化处理后,二级出水中的微量污染物浓度在一定程度上降低,重金属去除率为22.19%～87.59%(其中Ni和U的浓度略有升高),主要是通过污泥吸附而降解去除的;内分泌干扰物去除率为16.60%～77.90%,其中,多氯联苯、多环芳烃和有机氯农药这三种内分泌干扰物主要是通过污泥吸附而降解去除的,邻苯二甲酸酯和酚类主要是通过微生物作用降解去除的。
在此基础上,本文以城市污水厂二级出水为原水,研究了活性炭吸附和Fenton氧化去除水中污染物的控制参数,并分析探讨了其对微量污染物的去除效果。试验结果表明,活性炭吸附技术和Fenton氧化技术对二级出水中残留污染物的去除效果很好。活性炭柱的最佳控制参数:填装高度为60cm,过滤速度为5m/h,此条件下其对浊度、COD_(Mn)、UV_(254)、TOC、重金属、内分泌干扰物的平均去除率分别为42.20%、63.82%、74.67%、75.89%、12.21%～78.68%、50.84%～88.11%;Fenton氧化的最佳过氧化氢投加量为16mg/L,反应时间为60min,此时Fenton试剂对浊度、COD_(Mn)、UV_(254)、TOC、微生物、内分泌干扰物的平均去除率分别为80.39%、51.24%、81.58%、76.50%、99.50%～99.62%、50.04%～77.88%。
It is an effective way to solve water shortage that reuse the municipal wastewater after advanced treatment. The water after secondary biochemical treatment by the urban sewage treatment plant still contains some residual pollutants, which has a major impact on human health and the aquatic environment. So there was an important practical significance to study on migration and transformation and control technology of micro-pollutants in municipal wastewater treatment plant.
In this paper, the occurrence and fate of micro-pollutants in biological wastewater treatment process were studied. Heavy metals (Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Ag, Cd, In, Ba, Pb, U) and endocrine disrupting chemicals (PCBs, PAHs, PAEs, Phnoels, OCPs) in sewage and sludge of municipal wastewater treatment plant can be detected. The average concentration of heavy metals and EDCs in sewage were 1.31μg/L～1994.1μg/L and 11.65ng/L～30.48μg/L, respectively. The concentration of micro-pollutants in sludge was higher. The average concentration of heavy metals and EDCs in sludge were 8.69mg/kg～10333.19mg/kg and 19.94ng/g～137.45μg/g, respectively. After the biological treatment of wastewater plant, the concentration of micro-pollutants in secondary effluent was reduced to some extent. The heavy metals were easy separated and adsorped by activated sludge, and the removal rate was 22.19%～87.59% (concentrations of Ni and U were raised slightly). Biological treatment is an effective way to remove EDCs from wastewater by adsorption and biodegradation, and the removal rate was 16.60%～77.90%. Among them, PCBs, PAHs and OCPs were removed mainly by adsorption of sludge, PAEs and phenols were mainly degraded by microorganisms.
On this basis, the activated carbon adsorption and Fenton oxdition were used to treat secondary effluent of municipal wastewater plant in this paper. The influencing factors during removing pollutants of two processes were studied and the effects of removal micro-pollutants were analysised. The results showed that the removal effects of activated carbon and hydrogen peroxide to residual pollutants in secondary effluent were very well. The optimal control parameters of activated carbon: fill height was 60cm and filtration speed was 5m/h. On this condition, the average removal rate of turbidity, COD_(Mn), UV_(254), TOC, heavy metals and EDCs respectively were 42.20%, 63.82%, 74.67%, 75.89%, 12.21%～78.68% and 50.84%～88.11%. The optimal control parameters of Fenton oxidation: the concentration of H_2O_2 was 16mg/L and the time was 60min. On this condition, the average removal rate of turbidity, COD_(Mn), UV_(254), TOC, micro-organisms and EDCs were 80.39%, 51.24%, 81.58%, 76.50%, 99.50%～99.62% and 50.04%～77.88% , respectively.
本文研究了微量污染物在污水生物处理过程中的分布及迁移转化。重金属(铬、锰、钴、镍、铜、锌、铷、银、镉、铟、钡、铅、铀)和内分泌干扰物(多氯联苯、多环芳烃、邻苯二甲酸酯、酚类、有机氯农药)在城市污水厂的污水和污泥中均能检测到。污水中重金属的平均浓度为1.31μg/L～1994.1μg/L,内分泌干扰物的平均浓度为11.65ng/L～30.48μg/L;污泥中微量污染物的浓度较高,重金属平均浓度为8.69mg/kg～10333.19mg/kg,内分泌干扰物平均浓度为19.94ng/g～137.45μg/g。经过污水厂的生化处理后,二级出水中的微量污染物浓度在一定程度上降低,重金属去除率为22.19%～87.59%(其中Ni和U的浓度略有升高),主要是通过污泥吸附而降解去除的;内分泌干扰物去除率为16.60%～77.90%,其中,多氯联苯、多环芳烃和有机氯农药这三种内分泌干扰物主要是通过污泥吸附而降解去除的,邻苯二甲酸酯和酚类主要是通过微生物作用降解去除的。
在此基础上,本文以城市污水厂二级出水为原水,研究了活性炭吸附和Fenton氧化去除水中污染物的控制参数,并分析探讨了其对微量污染物的去除效果。试验结果表明,活性炭吸附技术和Fenton氧化技术对二级出水中残留污染物的去除效果很好。活性炭柱的最佳控制参数:填装高度为60cm,过滤速度为5m/h,此条件下其对浊度、COD_(Mn)、UV_(254)、TOC、重金属、内分泌干扰物的平均去除率分别为42.20%、63.82%、74.67%、75.89%、12.21%～78.68%、50.84%～88.11%;Fenton氧化的最佳过氧化氢投加量为16mg/L,反应时间为60min,此时Fenton试剂对浊度、COD_(Mn)、UV_(254)、TOC、微生物、内分泌干扰物的平均去除率分别为80.39%、51.24%、81.58%、76.50%、99.50%～99.62%、50.04%～77.88%。
It is an effective way to solve water shortage that reuse the municipal wastewater after advanced treatment. The water after secondary biochemical treatment by the urban sewage treatment plant still contains some residual pollutants, which has a major impact on human health and the aquatic environment. So there was an important practical significance to study on migration and transformation and control technology of micro-pollutants in municipal wastewater treatment plant.
In this paper, the occurrence and fate of micro-pollutants in biological wastewater treatment process were studied. Heavy metals (Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Ag, Cd, In, Ba, Pb, U) and endocrine disrupting chemicals (PCBs, PAHs, PAEs, Phnoels, OCPs) in sewage and sludge of municipal wastewater treatment plant can be detected. The average concentration of heavy metals and EDCs in sewage were 1.31μg/L～1994.1μg/L and 11.65ng/L～30.48μg/L, respectively. The concentration of micro-pollutants in sludge was higher. The average concentration of heavy metals and EDCs in sludge were 8.69mg/kg～10333.19mg/kg and 19.94ng/g～137.45μg/g, respectively. After the biological treatment of wastewater plant, the concentration of micro-pollutants in secondary effluent was reduced to some extent. The heavy metals were easy separated and adsorped by activated sludge, and the removal rate was 22.19%～87.59% (concentrations of Ni and U were raised slightly). Biological treatment is an effective way to remove EDCs from wastewater by adsorption and biodegradation, and the removal rate was 16.60%～77.90%. Among them, PCBs, PAHs and OCPs were removed mainly by adsorption of sludge, PAEs and phenols were mainly degraded by microorganisms.
On this basis, the activated carbon adsorption and Fenton oxdition were used to treat secondary effluent of municipal wastewater plant in this paper. The influencing factors during removing pollutants of two processes were studied and the effects of removal micro-pollutants were analysised. The results showed that the removal effects of activated carbon and hydrogen peroxide to residual pollutants in secondary effluent were very well. The optimal control parameters of activated carbon: fill height was 60cm and filtration speed was 5m/h. On this condition, the average removal rate of turbidity, COD_(Mn), UV_(254), TOC, heavy metals and EDCs respectively were 42.20%, 63.82%, 74.67%, 75.89%, 12.21%～78.68% and 50.84%～88.11%. The optimal control parameters of Fenton oxidation: the concentration of H_2O_2 was 16mg/L and the time was 60min. On this condition, the average removal rate of turbidity, COD_(Mn), UV_(254), TOC, micro-organisms and EDCs were 80.39%, 51.24%, 81.58%, 76.50%, 99.50%～99.62% and 50.04%～77.88% , respectively.
引文
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