基于高分辨雷达一维距离像的距离信息提取
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摘要
大带宽步进频率雷达是一种高距离分辨率雷达,由于具有测距精度高、抗杂波能力强、可识别真假目标和反隐身等优点,在精确制导武器中有着广阔的应用前景。而一维距离像可以得到目标散射点个数、长度、径向分布等特征,是提取目标高分辨单元上距离信息的关键。本文主要对步进频率信号体制下一维距离成像方法进行的研究,并将一维距离像成像算法在DSP硬件上实现。
首先,介绍步进频率信号波形的定义,并利用模糊函数,详细阐述步进频率波形固有的距离-多普勒耦合特性,为步进频率信号速度补偿提供理论依据。介绍步进频率雷达系统的脉冲综合的原理,并分析和设计了步进频率雷达的性能参数。
其次,研究了两类高分辨距离信息提取的方法。一种是基于IFFT目标距离信息提取算法,并进行了仿真和实测数据的验证。另一种是基于小波功率谱分析的距离信息提取算法,从理论上分析了利用小波功率谱进行步进频率雷达回波信号一维成像原理,提出距离匹配去冗余算法,可以在成像过程中直接去冗余,避免了IFFT算法固有的冗余。在此基础上,建立了基于距离匹配小波变换的分布算法,通过两次不同分辨率的功率谱合成实现高距离分辨成像。之后通过仿真实验和实测数据验证,证明本文提出的两种小波方法成像的有效性。
然后,分析目标速度对步进频率信号高分辨一维距离像的影响,研究了速度补偿的基本原理,此基础上介绍了多种速度补偿方法,并给出了各种估计算法的估计精度、误差和适用范围。
最后,将第三章的距离信息提取的方法在Visual DSP ++的TS101平台下实现。对两种距离估计算法进一步分析和验证两种方法的可行性。经分析、比较选择基于IFFT目标距离信息提取算法完成实际系统距离信息的提取。
Stepped frequency signal (SFS) with large bandwidth has great potential applications in accurate control and guide weapons, which has advantages of high range measuring accuracy, anti-clutter-ability, and identification ability of true and false targets. One dimensional range profile include targeted scatter’s number、length、radial distributing, which is very important to extract high resolution range information. In this dissertation, we will focus on processing one dimensional range profile of stepped frequency.
Firstly, basic theory of the stepped frequency radar system is summarized and waveformof the stepped frequency radar are analyzed in detail. In the same time, according to the definition of radar waveform’s ambiguity, the characteristics of stepped frequency radar waveform are analyzed which build a foundation for theoretical and experimental studies. Besides, theory of high range resolution profile based on IFFT has been proposed.
Secondly, two range profiles method has been studied. one is target extract algorithm based on IFFT. Another is wavelet power spectrum analysis,analyzing theory of SFS echo profile with wavelet power spectrum. a novel technique is proposed. This technique can remove redundancy directly avoiding IFFT immanent redundancy. On this basis, a improved approach for high resolution imaging based on range matched wavelet transform has proposed. The simulation result confirms the effect of the above new technology.
Later, for coupling of range and Doppler frequency in stepped frequency signal, it is quite necessary to compensate target motion. According to the relative phase relationship in different pulse period, we research the principle of motion complement and introduce kinds of motion complement method. Then we verify those methods by simulation.
Finally, paper implement and verify the method proposed in chapter 3 under TS101 session of Visual DSP ++ environment. By comparison, thesis choose target extract algorithm based on IFFT for real system.
首先,介绍步进频率信号波形的定义,并利用模糊函数,详细阐述步进频率波形固有的距离-多普勒耦合特性,为步进频率信号速度补偿提供理论依据。介绍步进频率雷达系统的脉冲综合的原理,并分析和设计了步进频率雷达的性能参数。
其次,研究了两类高分辨距离信息提取的方法。一种是基于IFFT目标距离信息提取算法,并进行了仿真和实测数据的验证。另一种是基于小波功率谱分析的距离信息提取算法,从理论上分析了利用小波功率谱进行步进频率雷达回波信号一维成像原理,提出距离匹配去冗余算法,可以在成像过程中直接去冗余,避免了IFFT算法固有的冗余。在此基础上,建立了基于距离匹配小波变换的分布算法,通过两次不同分辨率的功率谱合成实现高距离分辨成像。之后通过仿真实验和实测数据验证,证明本文提出的两种小波方法成像的有效性。
然后,分析目标速度对步进频率信号高分辨一维距离像的影响,研究了速度补偿的基本原理,此基础上介绍了多种速度补偿方法,并给出了各种估计算法的估计精度、误差和适用范围。
最后,将第三章的距离信息提取的方法在Visual DSP ++的TS101平台下实现。对两种距离估计算法进一步分析和验证两种方法的可行性。经分析、比较选择基于IFFT目标距离信息提取算法完成实际系统距离信息的提取。
Stepped frequency signal (SFS) with large bandwidth has great potential applications in accurate control and guide weapons, which has advantages of high range measuring accuracy, anti-clutter-ability, and identification ability of true and false targets. One dimensional range profile include targeted scatter’s number、length、radial distributing, which is very important to extract high resolution range information. In this dissertation, we will focus on processing one dimensional range profile of stepped frequency.
Firstly, basic theory of the stepped frequency radar system is summarized and waveformof the stepped frequency radar are analyzed in detail. In the same time, according to the definition of radar waveform’s ambiguity, the characteristics of stepped frequency radar waveform are analyzed which build a foundation for theoretical and experimental studies. Besides, theory of high range resolution profile based on IFFT has been proposed.
Secondly, two range profiles method has been studied. one is target extract algorithm based on IFFT. Another is wavelet power spectrum analysis,analyzing theory of SFS echo profile with wavelet power spectrum. a novel technique is proposed. This technique can remove redundancy directly avoiding IFFT immanent redundancy. On this basis, a improved approach for high resolution imaging based on range matched wavelet transform has proposed. The simulation result confirms the effect of the above new technology.
Later, for coupling of range and Doppler frequency in stepped frequency signal, it is quite necessary to compensate target motion. According to the relative phase relationship in different pulse period, we research the principle of motion complement and introduce kinds of motion complement method. Then we verify those methods by simulation.
Finally, paper implement and verify the method proposed in chapter 3 under TS101 session of Visual DSP ++ environment. By comparison, thesis choose target extract algorithm based on IFFT for real system.
引文
1 David K. Barton, Sergey A. Leonov. Radar Technology Encyclopedia. Artech House, 1997: 416~418
2苏宏艳,朱淮城.毫米波精确制导技术及其发展趋势.制导与引信. 2008, (6): 14~15
3祝彬.国外毫米波雷达制导技术的发展状况.中国航天. 2007, (1): 40~43
4黄德双.高分辨雷达智能信号处理技术.机械工业出版社, 2001: 33
5王一丁,李兴国,宁军.步进频率雷达信号的模糊函数.现代雷达. 1997(6): 7~9
6贺志毅,汤斌,郝祖全.脉内调频、脉间步进跳频雷达信号的模糊函数.电子学报. 2003, 31(7): 1118~1119
7姜海明.步进频率雷达导引头信号处理系统研究.南京理工大学硕士学位论文2006: 9~14
8 D. R. Wehner. High Resolution Radar. Artech HouseN Levanon. Stepped Frequency Pulse Train Radar Signal. IEEE Proc Radar Sonar Naving, 2002,
149(6): 297~309
9 Temple M.A, Sitler, K.L. High Range Resolution (HRR) Improvement Using Synthetic HRR Processing and Stepped-frequency Polyphase Coding. Radar, Sonar and Navigation, IEE Proceedings, 2004, 151(1): 41~47
10 Hangyong Chen, Yongxiang Liu, Xiang Li, Guirong Guo. Mathematics of Synthesizing Range Profile. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 2007,
55(5):1950~1951
11 G. Gill. Step Frequency Waveform Design and Processing for Detection of Moving Targets in Clutter. IEEE Inter Radar Conf, 1995:537~578
12 N Levanon. Stepped Frequency Pulse Train Radar Signal. IEEE Proc Radar Sonar Naving, 2002, 149(6): 297~309
13 Bai Jin-liang, Gao Mei-guo, Xu Cheng-fa. Method of Stepped Frequency Signal Processing Based on Fractional Fourier Transform. IEEE signal Processing, 2008, (2): 2550~2552
14 Lei Li, Lixiang Ren, Peikun He, Baojun Zhao. Study on Range Window in HPRF Stepped Frequency Radar System. IEEE Signal Processing, 2008, (1): 2501~2503
15 Wechner DR. High Resolution Radar. Boston Artech House, 1987: 144~156
16毛二可,龙腾,韩秋月.步进频率雷达数字信号处理.航空学报. 2001, (22): 16~25
17蒋金水,李兴国.毫米波脉间步进频率雷达波形参数优化设计.制导与引信. 2000, 21(1): 25~29
18龙腾,李眈,吴琼之.步进频率雷达参数设计与目标抽取算法.系统工程与电子技术. 2001, 23(6): 26~31
19雷文,龙腾,韩月秋.调频步进雷达运动目标信号处理的新方法.电子学报. 2000, 28(12): 35~37
20王飞,龙腾.一种新的步进频率雷达信号目标抽取算法.弹箭与制导学报. 2006, 26(2): 136~137
21 F. Berizzi1, M. Martorellal, M. Bernabo. A Range Profiling Technique for Synthetic Wideband Radar. IET Radar Sonar Navig. 2008,2(5): 334~337
22 Andrew Wilkinson, Jan Tait. The Use of a Frequency Domain Stepped Frequency Technique to Obtain High Range Resolution on the Csir X-band Sar System. IEEE Africon, 2002, 1(6): 328~331
23李耽,龙腾.步进频率雷达目标去冗余算法.电子学报. 2000, 28(6):60~63
24 Hangyong Chen, Yongxiang Liu, Weidong Jiang, Gui-rong Guo. A New Approach for Synthesizing the Range Profile of Moving Targets via Stepped-Frequency Waveforms. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, 2006, 3(3): 406~409
25胡体玲,李兴国.毫米波步进频率单脉冲雷达及其信号处理.雷达科学与技术, 2006, 18(5): 194~198
26周剑雄,赵宏钟,付强.步进频率雷达距离像解模糊算法.系统工程与电子技术. 2003, (9):1062~1064
27 R Bassem, Mahafza, Ph.D. Radar Systems Analysis and Design Using MATLAB. CHAPMAN&HALL/CRC, 2000: 459~460
28黄德双,毛二可,韩月秋.小波变换应用于雷达信号处理的潜力和展望.北京理工大学学报, 1995, 15(2):186~190
29马莉波,张亮,侯紫峰,沈振康.子波高分辨谱估计方法及其在毫米波雷达目标一维距离成像中的应用.电子科学学刊, 2000, 22(4): 585~590
30陈怒兴,郭盛桃,粟毅.一种改进的Morlet小波瞬时信号检测算法.系统工程与电子技术, 1998, (6): 44~49
31 Li Yuehua, Li Xingguo. The Method of Range Profile for Step Frequency MMW Radar Based on Wavelet Transform Power Spectrum Estimator. IEEE International Conference on Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technology Proceedings. 2002, (3): 556~559
32 M. E. Clark. High Range Resolution Radar Techniques and the Wavelet Transform. IEE The Institution of Electrical Engineers, 2000: 1~10
33 B. M. Huether, S. C .Gustafson, R. P. Broussard. Wavelet Preprocessing for High Range Resolution Radar Classification. Aerospace and Electronic Systems, IEEE Transactions on. 2001, 37(4): 1321~1332
34 Abraham Paulose. High Radar Range Resolution With the Step Frequency Waveform. AD-A284 611, 1994.
35赵彬,王建,张宁.步进频率MMW雷达小波变换目标成像方法.现代雷达, 2003, (3): 28~31
36 Thuong Le-Tien , Thong Dinh Nguyen. A Transformed Image Processing Approach Based on the Continuous Wavelet Transform for Non-dispersive Scattering Extraction. IEEE TENCON - Speech and Image Technologies for Computing and Telecommunications.1997, (1): 311~314
37龙腾.步进频率雷达信号的多普勒性能分析.现代雷达. 1996,18(2): 31~32
38姜斌,黎湘,陈行勇,郭桂蓉.调频步进雷达扩展目标运动补偿研究.信号处理. 2006, 22(6):876~877
39徐泳,马林.目标径向运动对步进频率雷达影响的分析和仿真.现代雷达. 2005, 27(12): 49
40刘静,李兴国.毫米波高分辨率雷达运动补偿研究.现代雷达. 2004, 26 (7):21~23
41 B. C. Flores. A. Robust Method for the Motion Compensation of ISAR Imagery. SPIE. 1991, 1607:512~517
42刘长羽.毫米波雷达导引头高速目标运动补偿研究.哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文. 2003: 44~45
43王卫江,沈庭芝.步进频信号处理的多普勒补偿新方法.北京理工大学学报. 2006, 26(4): 353~354
44 Wu Qiongzhi, Wang Fei, Long Teng. Velocity Compensation Methods for the Conical Scan Step-frequency Waveform.IEEE Radar, 2002 Page(s):488 ~ 491
45闫金凤,基于高分辨距离像的单脉冲测角研究.哈尔滨工业大学硕士论文.2007:27~30
46刘峥,刘宏伟,张守宏.正负调频编码信号及其处理.信号处理. 1999, 15: 21~26
47 R. P. Bocker, S. A. Jones. ISAR Motion Compensation Using Burst Derivative Measure as a Focal Quality Indicator. Int. J. Imaging Sys. Techno. 1992, 4:285～297
48刘峥,张守红.步进频率雷达目标的运动参数估计.电子学报. 2000, 28 (3): 43~45
49 S. K. Wong, G. Duff, E. Riseborough. Analysis of Distortion in the High Range Resolution Profile from a Perturbed Target. IEEE Proc-Radar, Sonar Naive, 2001, (148): 353~362
50包云霞,任丽香,何佩琨,毛二可.步进频率雷达距离像互相关测速补偿算法.系统工程与电子技术. 2008,30(11): 2113~2115
51 Analog Devices, Inc. ADSP-TS101S TigerSHARC Processor Data Sheet. 2003: 8~9
52 Analog Devices, Inc. ADSP-TS101S TigerSHARC Processor HardWare. Reference. 2004:62~65
53 Analog Devices, Inc. VisualDSP++ 4.0 User’s Guide for TigerSHARC DSPs. 2002: 1~5
2苏宏艳,朱淮城.毫米波精确制导技术及其发展趋势.制导与引信. 2008, (6): 14~15
3祝彬.国外毫米波雷达制导技术的发展状况.中国航天. 2007, (1): 40~43
4黄德双.高分辨雷达智能信号处理技术.机械工业出版社, 2001: 33
5王一丁,李兴国,宁军.步进频率雷达信号的模糊函数.现代雷达. 1997(6): 7~9
6贺志毅,汤斌,郝祖全.脉内调频、脉间步进跳频雷达信号的模糊函数.电子学报. 2003, 31(7): 1118~1119
7姜海明.步进频率雷达导引头信号处理系统研究.南京理工大学硕士学位论文2006: 9~14
8 D. R. Wehner. High Resolution Radar. Artech HouseN Levanon. Stepped Frequency Pulse Train Radar Signal. IEEE Proc Radar Sonar Naving, 2002,
149(6): 297~309
9 Temple M.A, Sitler, K.L. High Range Resolution (HRR) Improvement Using Synthetic HRR Processing and Stepped-frequency Polyphase Coding. Radar, Sonar and Navigation, IEE Proceedings, 2004, 151(1): 41~47
10 Hangyong Chen, Yongxiang Liu, Xiang Li, Guirong Guo. Mathematics of Synthesizing Range Profile. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 2007,
55(5):1950~1951
11 G. Gill. Step Frequency Waveform Design and Processing for Detection of Moving Targets in Clutter. IEEE Inter Radar Conf, 1995:537~578
12 N Levanon. Stepped Frequency Pulse Train Radar Signal. IEEE Proc Radar Sonar Naving, 2002, 149(6): 297~309
13 Bai Jin-liang, Gao Mei-guo, Xu Cheng-fa. Method of Stepped Frequency Signal Processing Based on Fractional Fourier Transform. IEEE signal Processing, 2008, (2): 2550~2552
14 Lei Li, Lixiang Ren, Peikun He, Baojun Zhao. Study on Range Window in HPRF Stepped Frequency Radar System. IEEE Signal Processing, 2008, (1): 2501~2503
15 Wechner DR. High Resolution Radar. Boston Artech House, 1987: 144~156
16毛二可,龙腾,韩秋月.步进频率雷达数字信号处理.航空学报. 2001, (22): 16~25
17蒋金水,李兴国.毫米波脉间步进频率雷达波形参数优化设计.制导与引信. 2000, 21(1): 25~29
18龙腾,李眈,吴琼之.步进频率雷达参数设计与目标抽取算法.系统工程与电子技术. 2001, 23(6): 26~31
19雷文,龙腾,韩月秋.调频步进雷达运动目标信号处理的新方法.电子学报. 2000, 28(12): 35~37
20王飞,龙腾.一种新的步进频率雷达信号目标抽取算法.弹箭与制导学报. 2006, 26(2): 136~137
21 F. Berizzi1, M. Martorellal, M. Bernabo. A Range Profiling Technique for Synthetic Wideband Radar. IET Radar Sonar Navig. 2008,2(5): 334~337
22 Andrew Wilkinson, Jan Tait. The Use of a Frequency Domain Stepped Frequency Technique to Obtain High Range Resolution on the Csir X-band Sar System. IEEE Africon, 2002, 1(6): 328~331
23李耽,龙腾.步进频率雷达目标去冗余算法.电子学报. 2000, 28(6):60~63
24 Hangyong Chen, Yongxiang Liu, Weidong Jiang, Gui-rong Guo. A New Approach for Synthesizing the Range Profile of Moving Targets via Stepped-Frequency Waveforms. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, 2006, 3(3): 406~409
25胡体玲,李兴国.毫米波步进频率单脉冲雷达及其信号处理.雷达科学与技术, 2006, 18(5): 194~198
26周剑雄,赵宏钟,付强.步进频率雷达距离像解模糊算法.系统工程与电子技术. 2003, (9):1062~1064
27 R Bassem, Mahafza, Ph.D. Radar Systems Analysis and Design Using MATLAB. CHAPMAN&HALL/CRC, 2000: 459~460
28黄德双,毛二可,韩月秋.小波变换应用于雷达信号处理的潜力和展望.北京理工大学学报, 1995, 15(2):186~190
29马莉波,张亮,侯紫峰,沈振康.子波高分辨谱估计方法及其在毫米波雷达目标一维距离成像中的应用.电子科学学刊, 2000, 22(4): 585~590
30陈怒兴,郭盛桃,粟毅.一种改进的Morlet小波瞬时信号检测算法.系统工程与电子技术, 1998, (6): 44~49
31 Li Yuehua, Li Xingguo. The Method of Range Profile for Step Frequency MMW Radar Based on Wavelet Transform Power Spectrum Estimator. IEEE International Conference on Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technology Proceedings. 2002, (3): 556~559
32 M. E. Clark. High Range Resolution Radar Techniques and the Wavelet Transform. IEE The Institution of Electrical Engineers, 2000: 1~10
33 B. M. Huether, S. C .Gustafson, R. P. Broussard. Wavelet Preprocessing for High Range Resolution Radar Classification. Aerospace and Electronic Systems, IEEE Transactions on. 2001, 37(4): 1321~1332
34 Abraham Paulose. High Radar Range Resolution With the Step Frequency Waveform. AD-A284 611, 1994.
35赵彬,王建,张宁.步进频率MMW雷达小波变换目标成像方法.现代雷达, 2003, (3): 28~31
36 Thuong Le-Tien , Thong Dinh Nguyen. A Transformed Image Processing Approach Based on the Continuous Wavelet Transform for Non-dispersive Scattering Extraction. IEEE TENCON - Speech and Image Technologies for Computing and Telecommunications.1997, (1): 311~314
37龙腾.步进频率雷达信号的多普勒性能分析.现代雷达. 1996,18(2): 31~32
38姜斌,黎湘,陈行勇,郭桂蓉.调频步进雷达扩展目标运动补偿研究.信号处理. 2006, 22(6):876~877
39徐泳,马林.目标径向运动对步进频率雷达影响的分析和仿真.现代雷达. 2005, 27(12): 49
40刘静,李兴国.毫米波高分辨率雷达运动补偿研究.现代雷达. 2004, 26 (7):21~23
41 B. C. Flores. A. Robust Method for the Motion Compensation of ISAR Imagery. SPIE. 1991, 1607:512~517
42刘长羽.毫米波雷达导引头高速目标运动补偿研究.哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文. 2003: 44~45
43王卫江,沈庭芝.步进频信号处理的多普勒补偿新方法.北京理工大学学报. 2006, 26(4): 353~354
44 Wu Qiongzhi, Wang Fei, Long Teng. Velocity Compensation Methods for the Conical Scan Step-frequency Waveform.IEEE Radar, 2002 Page(s):488 ~ 491
45闫金凤,基于高分辨距离像的单脉冲测角研究.哈尔滨工业大学硕士论文.2007:27~30
46刘峥,刘宏伟,张守宏.正负调频编码信号及其处理.信号处理. 1999, 15: 21~26
47 R. P. Bocker, S. A. Jones. ISAR Motion Compensation Using Burst Derivative Measure as a Focal Quality Indicator. Int. J. Imaging Sys. Techno. 1992, 4:285～297
48刘峥,张守红.步进频率雷达目标的运动参数估计.电子学报. 2000, 28 (3): 43~45
49 S. K. Wong, G. Duff, E. Riseborough. Analysis of Distortion in the High Range Resolution Profile from a Perturbed Target. IEEE Proc-Radar, Sonar Naive, 2001, (148): 353~362
50包云霞,任丽香,何佩琨,毛二可.步进频率雷达距离像互相关测速补偿算法.系统工程与电子技术. 2008,30(11): 2113~2115
51 Analog Devices, Inc. ADSP-TS101S TigerSHARC Processor Data Sheet. 2003: 8~9
52 Analog Devices, Inc. ADSP-TS101S TigerSHARC Processor HardWare. Reference. 2004:62~65
53 Analog Devices, Inc. VisualDSP++ 4.0 User’s Guide for TigerSHARC DSPs. 2002: 1~5