基于短波信道模拟器的应用平台及主要算法设计
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摘要
短波通信在军用通信领域得到广泛应用。现在短波信道的主要测试方法为外场测试,其成本高,受地理环境和天气因素影响很大,不可重复试验。因此,有必要研究一种可在室内测试,可模拟各种环境因素,可重复试验的短波信道模拟器。
本文首先对短波信道的特性进行了分析和研究,选取了Watterson模型作为信道仿真的数学模型,并以此为基础进行系统设计。在综合考虑系统的设计方案基础上,进行模块划分,并规划出各模块的软硬件框图。系统选取TI公司的TMS320C6416t DSP为处理器,并以此为核心进行设计,分为主控板,模拟多径通信的信号处理板,以及合路板三个功能模块。
本文设计了基于TMS320C6416t DSP的应用平台。主要包括EMIF接口的设计以及其与FIFO之间的通信,EDMA传输设计,以及基于FLASH烧写的BOOTLOADER设计。通过逻辑分析仪,数字示波器等对数据传输进行测试,验证了所搭建的平台是成功的。
论文着重对基于Watterson短波信道模型的主要算法进行了分析,包括具有高斯功率谱的抽头因子Gi (t)的产生,高分辨率小延时和IQ正交解调模块。其中,对Watterson模型的核心模块,即实时高速高斯因子Gi (t)的产生过程进行了详细的介绍和验证。
本文在最后对短波信道模拟器现阶段工作进展进行了总结,并对今后工作的重点难点进行了展望。
HF communication is used widely in the military communication field. Now, HF channel test is usually carried in external field. This method cost much, is affected by geography and weather greatly, and test unrepeatable. So, it’s necessary to research a HF Channel Simulator, which can test in internal field repeatable, and simulate within varied channel condition repeatable.
This article researches the characteristic of HF channel firstly, then chooses Watterson Mode as the mathematic mode, and designs system base on this mode. It divides modules according to the function, designs the hardware and software blueprint of the module. TI’s TMS320C6416t DSP is chosen as the processor, which is the core of the system. The function modules are controlling module, the processing module which simulating the multi-path and the addition module.
This article designs the application platform base on the TMS320C6416t DSP. It includes the design of EMIF interface and the communication with FIFO, the design of EDMA transmission, the design of BOOTLOADER base on the flash burning. Then we test the system with oscillograph and logic analyzer, to prove it successful.
Then, the article discusses the main algorithms of HF Channel Simulator base on Watterson mode. It includes the generation of Gi (t) factor with gauss power spectrum, the delay of high precision, and the quadrature demodulator. Especially, the generation of Gi (t) is the core of the Watterson module. So, we introduce and discuss the design in detail.
At last, the article summarizes the step of HF Channel Simulator as yet, and brings forward the crucial and difficult points for the future.
本文首先对短波信道的特性进行了分析和研究,选取了Watterson模型作为信道仿真的数学模型,并以此为基础进行系统设计。在综合考虑系统的设计方案基础上,进行模块划分,并规划出各模块的软硬件框图。系统选取TI公司的TMS320C6416t DSP为处理器,并以此为核心进行设计,分为主控板,模拟多径通信的信号处理板,以及合路板三个功能模块。
本文设计了基于TMS320C6416t DSP的应用平台。主要包括EMIF接口的设计以及其与FIFO之间的通信,EDMA传输设计,以及基于FLASH烧写的BOOTLOADER设计。通过逻辑分析仪,数字示波器等对数据传输进行测试,验证了所搭建的平台是成功的。
论文着重对基于Watterson短波信道模型的主要算法进行了分析,包括具有高斯功率谱的抽头因子Gi (t)的产生,高分辨率小延时和IQ正交解调模块。其中,对Watterson模型的核心模块,即实时高速高斯因子Gi (t)的产生过程进行了详细的介绍和验证。
本文在最后对短波信道模拟器现阶段工作进展进行了总结,并对今后工作的重点难点进行了展望。
HF communication is used widely in the military communication field. Now, HF channel test is usually carried in external field. This method cost much, is affected by geography and weather greatly, and test unrepeatable. So, it’s necessary to research a HF Channel Simulator, which can test in internal field repeatable, and simulate within varied channel condition repeatable.
This article researches the characteristic of HF channel firstly, then chooses Watterson Mode as the mathematic mode, and designs system base on this mode. It divides modules according to the function, designs the hardware and software blueprint of the module. TI’s TMS320C6416t DSP is chosen as the processor, which is the core of the system. The function modules are controlling module, the processing module which simulating the multi-path and the addition module.
This article designs the application platform base on the TMS320C6416t DSP. It includes the design of EMIF interface and the communication with FIFO, the design of EDMA transmission, the design of BOOTLOADER base on the flash burning. Then we test the system with oscillograph and logic analyzer, to prove it successful.
Then, the article discusses the main algorithms of HF Channel Simulator base on Watterson mode. It includes the generation of Gi (t) factor with gauss power spectrum, the delay of high precision, and the quadrature demodulator. Especially, the generation of Gi (t) is the core of the Watterson module. So, we introduce and discuss the design in detail.
At last, the article summarizes the step of HF Channel Simulator as yet, and brings forward the crucial and difficult points for the future.
引文
[1]胡中豫.现代短波通信.第一版.北京:国防工业出版社,2003:1~28.
[2] Jeffrey H.Reed.软件无线电.北京:人民邮电出版社,2004:1~6.
[3]吴志忠.移动通信无线电波传播.北京:人民邮电出版社,2002:1~82.
[4] Davies N.C., Cannon P.S.,“DAMSON - A System to Measure Multipath Dispersion, Doppler Spread and Doppler Shift on Multi-mechanism Communication Channels,”High Latitude Ionospheric Propagation, IEE Colloquium, 1992:2/1~2/4.
[5] Angling M.J., Cannon P.S., Davies N.C., Lundborg B., Jodalen V. and Moreland K.W.,“Measurements of Doppler Spread on High Latitude HF Paths”,AGARD SPP Symposium on Digital Communication Systems, Athens, Greece, 1995.
[6] MIL-STD-188-110A. Military Standard Interoperability and Performance Standards for Data Modems. Draft US Dept of Defense,1990:18~20.
[7] MIL-STD-188-110B. Military Standard - Interoperability and Performance Standards for Data Modems. US Dept of Defense,2000:26~32.
[8] MIL-STD-188-141B. Interoperability and Performance Standards for Medium and High Frequency Radio System. US Dept of Defense,2001:32~43.
[9] ITU,“HF Ionospheric Channel Simulators”, CCIR Report 549-3, Recommendations and Reports of the CCIR, Annex to Vol. 3, pp. 47~58, Geneva, 1990.
[10] C. C. Watterson, J. R. Juroshek, W. D. Bensema,“Experimental Confirmation of an HF Channel Model”, IEEE Trans. Commun. Tech. ,1970,18(6):792~803.
[11] Clark C. Watterson, John R. Juroshek & William D.Bensema,Experimental Confirmation of an HF Channel Model,IEEE Trans Commun Technology, Vol, Com-18, pp792~803, No. 6, Dec. 1970.
[12]陈跃,金力军.短波信道特性及其模拟器的实现.西安电子科技大学学报,1992(12):38~44.
[13] Texas Instruments Inc. TMS320C6416T FIXED-POINT DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSORS Data Sheet.Texas Instruments Inc: 2004.
[14]李方慧,王飞,何配琨. TMS320C6000系列DSPs的原理与应用,第2版.北京:电子工业出版社,2001:12~20.
[15]江思敏,刘畅. TMS320C6000 DSP应用开发教程.北京:机械工业出版社,2005: 1~5.
[16] Integrated Device Technology Inc. IDT72V245 Data Sheet.2006: 1~25
[17] Texas Instruments Inc:TMS320C6000 EMIF to FIFO. Texas Instruments Inc: 2004.
[18] Texas Instruments Inc: TMS320C6000 DSP External Memory Interface (EMIF) Reference Guide. Texas Instruments Inc: 2004.
[19] Texas Instruments Inc: TMS320C6000 DSP Enhanced Direct Memory Access (EDMA) Controller Reference Guide Interface. Texas Instruments Inc: 2004.
[20]岳冬,秦开宇,何丕雁.EMIF接口设计及EDMA功能的实现.实验科学与技术, 2006(5): 40~42.
[21]李国锁,杨博,林嘉宇.McBSP和EDMA在实时数据流传输中的配置.技术纵横, 2006(4): 31~33.
[22] Texas Instruments Inc: TMS320C6000 DSP Boot Mode and Emulation Reset.Texas Instruments Inc: 2004.
[23]刘德生,李杰.基于JTAG的DSP外部FLASH在线编程和引导技术.电子技术应用,2005(3): 61~63.
[24] Integrated Device Technology Inc. Am29LV033C Data Sheet,2000:1~40.
[25]马金全,杜栓义,邱长兴.基于DSP的话音带宽短波信道模拟器.电子技术应用,2005(3):26~30.
[26]张萍,戴光明.高斯随机噪声实时生成实现方法研究.电子技术应用,2004(4).
[27]柳虞林.高斯噪声获取的若干方法.军事通信技术,1996(3):60~64.
[28]王卫江.实时高斯噪声产生方法.仪器仪表学报,2006(11).
[29]谭浩强. C语言程序设计(第二版).北京:清华大学出版社,1999.
[30]求是科技.MATLAB7.0从入门到精通.北京:人民邮电出版社,2006:338~339.
[31] William H. Tranter.通信系统仿真原理与无线电应用.北京:机械工业出版社,2005:160~179.
[32]罗军辉,罗勇江,白义臣. MATLAB7.0在数字信号处理中的应用.北京:机械工业出版社,2005. 121~128.
[33] Moe Wheatley, AE4JY. PathSim Technical Description, Ver 1. 0, Dec 1, 2000.
[34]宗孔德.多抽样率信号处理.北京:清华大学出版社,1996:1~91.
[35] Emmanuel C. Ifeachor.数字信号处理实践方法.北京:电子工业出版社,2004:435~460.
[36]熊鹏鹏.基于多核DSP处理器的插值和抽取滤波器的设计.中国科技论文在线.
[37]姚天任,江太辉.数字信号处理.武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2000.33~37.
[38]史林,赵树杰.数字信号处理.北京:科学出版社,2007.
[39]杨小牛,楼才义,徐建亮.软件无线电原理与应用.北京:电子工业出版社.2001:53~56.
[40] Texas Instruments Inc:TMS320C6000 Optimizing Compiler User’s Guide.Texas Instruments Inc:2004.
[41] Andrew Bateman. DSP算法、应用与设计.北京:机械工业出版社.2003:236~240.
[2] Jeffrey H.Reed.软件无线电.北京:人民邮电出版社,2004:1~6.
[3]吴志忠.移动通信无线电波传播.北京:人民邮电出版社,2002:1~82.
[4] Davies N.C., Cannon P.S.,“DAMSON - A System to Measure Multipath Dispersion, Doppler Spread and Doppler Shift on Multi-mechanism Communication Channels,”High Latitude Ionospheric Propagation, IEE Colloquium, 1992:2/1~2/4.
[5] Angling M.J., Cannon P.S., Davies N.C., Lundborg B., Jodalen V. and Moreland K.W.,“Measurements of Doppler Spread on High Latitude HF Paths”,AGARD SPP Symposium on Digital Communication Systems, Athens, Greece, 1995.
[6] MIL-STD-188-110A. Military Standard Interoperability and Performance Standards for Data Modems. Draft US Dept of Defense,1990:18~20.
[7] MIL-STD-188-110B. Military Standard - Interoperability and Performance Standards for Data Modems. US Dept of Defense,2000:26~32.
[8] MIL-STD-188-141B. Interoperability and Performance Standards for Medium and High Frequency Radio System. US Dept of Defense,2001:32~43.
[9] ITU,“HF Ionospheric Channel Simulators”, CCIR Report 549-3, Recommendations and Reports of the CCIR, Annex to Vol. 3, pp. 47~58, Geneva, 1990.
[10] C. C. Watterson, J. R. Juroshek, W. D. Bensema,“Experimental Confirmation of an HF Channel Model”, IEEE Trans. Commun. Tech. ,1970,18(6):792~803.
[11] Clark C. Watterson, John R. Juroshek & William D.Bensema,Experimental Confirmation of an HF Channel Model,IEEE Trans Commun Technology, Vol, Com-18, pp792~803, No. 6, Dec. 1970.
[12]陈跃,金力军.短波信道特性及其模拟器的实现.西安电子科技大学学报,1992(12):38~44.
[13] Texas Instruments Inc. TMS320C6416T FIXED-POINT DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSORS Data Sheet.Texas Instruments Inc: 2004.
[14]李方慧,王飞,何配琨. TMS320C6000系列DSPs的原理与应用,第2版.北京:电子工业出版社,2001:12~20.
[15]江思敏,刘畅. TMS320C6000 DSP应用开发教程.北京:机械工业出版社,2005: 1~5.
[16] Integrated Device Technology Inc. IDT72V245 Data Sheet.2006: 1~25
[17] Texas Instruments Inc:TMS320C6000 EMIF to FIFO. Texas Instruments Inc: 2004.
[18] Texas Instruments Inc: TMS320C6000 DSP External Memory Interface (EMIF) Reference Guide. Texas Instruments Inc: 2004.
[19] Texas Instruments Inc: TMS320C6000 DSP Enhanced Direct Memory Access (EDMA) Controller Reference Guide Interface. Texas Instruments Inc: 2004.
[20]岳冬,秦开宇,何丕雁.EMIF接口设计及EDMA功能的实现.实验科学与技术, 2006(5): 40~42.
[21]李国锁,杨博,林嘉宇.McBSP和EDMA在实时数据流传输中的配置.技术纵横, 2006(4): 31~33.
[22] Texas Instruments Inc: TMS320C6000 DSP Boot Mode and Emulation Reset.Texas Instruments Inc: 2004.
[23]刘德生,李杰.基于JTAG的DSP外部FLASH在线编程和引导技术.电子技术应用,2005(3): 61~63.
[24] Integrated Device Technology Inc. Am29LV033C Data Sheet,2000:1~40.
[25]马金全,杜栓义,邱长兴.基于DSP的话音带宽短波信道模拟器.电子技术应用,2005(3):26~30.
[26]张萍,戴光明.高斯随机噪声实时生成实现方法研究.电子技术应用,2004(4).
[27]柳虞林.高斯噪声获取的若干方法.军事通信技术,1996(3):60~64.
[28]王卫江.实时高斯噪声产生方法.仪器仪表学报,2006(11).
[29]谭浩强. C语言程序设计(第二版).北京:清华大学出版社,1999.
[30]求是科技.MATLAB7.0从入门到精通.北京:人民邮电出版社,2006:338~339.
[31] William H. Tranter.通信系统仿真原理与无线电应用.北京:机械工业出版社,2005:160~179.
[32]罗军辉,罗勇江,白义臣. MATLAB7.0在数字信号处理中的应用.北京:机械工业出版社,2005. 121~128.
[33] Moe Wheatley, AE4JY. PathSim Technical Description, Ver 1. 0, Dec 1, 2000.
[34]宗孔德.多抽样率信号处理.北京:清华大学出版社,1996:1~91.
[35] Emmanuel C. Ifeachor.数字信号处理实践方法.北京:电子工业出版社,2004:435~460.
[36]熊鹏鹏.基于多核DSP处理器的插值和抽取滤波器的设计.中国科技论文在线.
[37]姚天任,江太辉.数字信号处理.武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2000.33~37.
[38]史林,赵树杰.数字信号处理.北京:科学出版社,2007.
[39]杨小牛,楼才义,徐建亮.软件无线电原理与应用.北京:电子工业出版社.2001:53~56.
[40] Texas Instruments Inc:TMS320C6000 Optimizing Compiler User’s Guide.Texas Instruments Inc:2004.
[41] Andrew Bateman. DSP算法、应用与设计.北京:机械工业出版社.2003:236~240.