基于DSP控制的PWM型开关电源的研究与开发
摘要
传统的高压直流电源通常是用220V工频交流电经变压器升压、整流滤波而获得的,使得电源的体积和重量很大,并且纹波较大,稳定性不高,效率低。本文讨论了开关电源技术应用于高压电源中,设计了高频高压开关电源,大大减少电源的体积和重量,提高了电源的稳定性和效率。另外本文还采用了开关电源的PWM技术和软开关技术,并且把移相控制ZVS PWM DC/DC变换器作为电源的主变换电路,利用高频变压器漏感来实现软开关,详细分析了这类电路的工作原理和实现ZVS的策略,给出了具体设计参数和仿真、实验波形。高频升压变压器的设计巧妙地利用两级串联的方式解决了高低压绝缘的问题。倍加器采用双向倍压的方式,减小了倍压级数,提高了电源的稳定度。整个电源系统以DSP为控制核心,用单个TMS320LF2407 DSP芯片来集中实现移相全桥逆变技术、电源输出调压和过压过流保护等功能。控制算法通过软件编程实现使得系统升级方便,也便于用户根据各自的需要灵活地选择不同的控制功能。驱动电路采用IR2110来驱动全桥逆变器中开关管,辅助电源电路采用模块电源,产生稳定的+1.8、+3.3V、±12V、+5V、+15V直流电压用于DSP和其他的集成电路芯片。本文还对电源电磁干扰的进行了分析并采取了一系列的抗干扰措施来保证本电源的电磁兼容性,从而保证了整个电源系统运行可靠。
本电源功率200W,开关频率为80kHz,高压直流电源输出电压10kV。纹波系数不大于0.5%,整个电源效率在85%以上。
The traditional high-voltage DC power-supply, which usually can be got by boosting 220V 50Hz AC voltage with transformer and then going through rectifier with filter, has big bulk and weight, high ripple coefficient of output voltage, low stability and efficiency. Study and development of high-frequency high-voltage direct current power-supply ,which uses switching power-supply technology to design novel high frequency high voltage switching power supply with small bulk and weight, high stability and efficiency ,is discussed in the paper. Primary converter is a full-bridge converter constructed by ZVS PWM DC/DC which makes full use of the transformer's leak inductance to carry out soft switching. This paper also analyzes the theory and tactic of this kind of circuit, and presents the concrete design parameter;simulation and experiment waveform.High-voltage insulation is implemented using series of two transformers. In order to achieve ideal output voltage, bi-directional voltage doubling rectifier is applied in terms of high voltage and system stability. The controlling core of the power supply system is based on Digital Signal Processor TMS320LF2407 to fulfill ZVS PWM DC/DC full-bridge converter, output voltage regulation, overvoltage protection and overcurrent protection which protect the system from possible destruction.Also,it is easy ,one hand, for customers to update the whole system through the control arithmetic , and, on the other hand ,the customers can choose different functions in light of their different needs.IR2110 is employed in driving circuit to drive the IGBT of full-bridge converter.Module power supply is utilized to produce different DC voltage including 3.3V,1.8V, ± 12V,15V needed by DSP and other integrated circuit chips. This paper also makes an analysis on the electromagnetic interference of the power supply and takes some measures to reduce this kind of electromagnetic interference.The power of the power-supply is 200W. The switching frequency is 80 kHz. Output of DC high-voltage power-supply which can be controlled and adjusted by DSP is 10kV. The ripple coefficient is no more than 0.5%. The efficiency of the power-supply system is more than 85%.
本电源功率200W,开关频率为80kHz,高压直流电源输出电压10kV。纹波系数不大于0.5%,整个电源效率在85%以上。
The traditional high-voltage DC power-supply, which usually can be got by boosting 220V 50Hz AC voltage with transformer and then going through rectifier with filter, has big bulk and weight, high ripple coefficient of output voltage, low stability and efficiency. Study and development of high-frequency high-voltage direct current power-supply ,which uses switching power-supply technology to design novel high frequency high voltage switching power supply with small bulk and weight, high stability and efficiency ,is discussed in the paper. Primary converter is a full-bridge converter constructed by ZVS PWM DC/DC which makes full use of the transformer's leak inductance to carry out soft switching. This paper also analyzes the theory and tactic of this kind of circuit, and presents the concrete design parameter;simulation and experiment waveform.High-voltage insulation is implemented using series of two transformers. In order to achieve ideal output voltage, bi-directional voltage doubling rectifier is applied in terms of high voltage and system stability. The controlling core of the power supply system is based on Digital Signal Processor TMS320LF2407 to fulfill ZVS PWM DC/DC full-bridge converter, output voltage regulation, overvoltage protection and overcurrent protection which protect the system from possible destruction.Also,it is easy ,one hand, for customers to update the whole system through the control arithmetic , and, on the other hand ,the customers can choose different functions in light of their different needs.IR2110 is employed in driving circuit to drive the IGBT of full-bridge converter.Module power supply is utilized to produce different DC voltage including 3.3V,1.8V, ± 12V,15V needed by DSP and other integrated circuit chips. This paper also makes an analysis on the electromagnetic interference of the power supply and takes some measures to reduce this kind of electromagnetic interference.The power of the power-supply is 200W. The switching frequency is 80 kHz. Output of DC high-voltage power-supply which can be controlled and adjusted by DSP is 10kV. The ripple coefficient is no more than 0.5%. The efficiency of the power-supply system is more than 85%.
引文
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[2] 刘胜利.现代高频开关电源实用技术.北京:电子工业出版社,2001
[3] M.T.Tasi. High frequency PWM technique for woe and three level single inverters. Electric Power Applications,2000,147(3)
[4] 孙时生.脉宽调制(PWM)型300W开关稳压电源的研制.广州师院学报(自然科学版),1996
[5] 王先泉,张海呈.PWM型开关电源中的损耗与谐振型开关电源的进展.国外电子元器件(谐振电源专辑),1997,10
[6] 陈伟凡,黄锦福.高频开关电源的原理及关键技术.电信技术,1997.9
[7] 张乃国.电源技术.北京:中国电力出版社,1999
[8] 杨德刚,赵良炳.软开关技术回顾与展望.电力电子技术,1998,2
[9] 蔡宜三,龚绍文.高频功率电子学.北京:科学出版社,1993
[10] Muhammad H.Rashid. Power Electronics, Second Edition. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1993
[11] 张占松,蔡宜三.开关电源的原理与设计.北京:电子工业出版社,1998
[12] 肖如泉,王琰.高压直流试验电源及新发展.高电压技术,1997,vol23:44-45
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[17] 张芝涛.产生高浓度臭氧用200kHz高压逆变电源的研制.高电压技术,2001,vol27:6-12
[18] Shyh-Shin Liang and Ying-Yu Zou. DSP control of a resonant switching high-voltage power supply for X-ray generators. IEEE, 2001, vol.2:520-529
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[20] 杨辉.高压开关直流稳压电源的研究.西安工业学院学报,1994,14(1)
[21] S.D.Johnson,A.F.Witulski. A comparison of Resonant Topologies in High Voltage DC Application. IEEE Trans on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 1988, vol24:263-264
[22] Robert L.Steigerwald. A Comparison of Half-Bridge Resonant Converter Topologies. IEEE Trans on Power Eleetronies Vol3, 1988: 174-182
[23] 阮新波.采用辅助谐振网络实现零电压开关的移相控制全桥变换器.电工技术学报,1998,13(2):47-52
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[27] Ruan Xinbo and Yan Yangguang. An improved phase-shifted zero-voltage and zero-current switching Pwm converter. IEEE-APEC, 1998:811-815
[28] 周志敏.电力电子器件与现代电力技术.电气时空,2004,8
[29] 孙向东,段龙,钟彦儒等.高压直流LCC谐振变换器的分析与设计.电工技术学报,2002,10
[30] Ashoka K S Bhat, Analysis and design of a series parallel resonant converter with capacitive output filter, IEEE Trans.on Ind.Appl,1991,27(3): 521-532
[31] 包金英,粱晖.高频高压软开关DC/AC电源的仿真研究.世界电子元器件,2003.8[32] 王京梅,兰中文.高频开关电源变压器的优化设计.电子科技大学学报,2002,8
[32] 王守武.VDMOS场效应管应用手册.北京:科学出版社,1992
[33] 钱进,文英.倍压整流及其应用.长江职工大学学报,2002,1
[34] Texas Instruments TMS320LF_LC240xA DSP Controllers System and Peripherals Reference Guide(Rev.B), 2001
[35] 张松,王正勇,吴晓红等.基于DSP实现的软开关电源控制系统.信息与电子工程,2003,2
[36] 王维俊,江渝,邓力.TMS320LF2407DSPC语言开发应用.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2003.1
[37] 何苏勤,王忠勇.TMS320C2000系列DSP原理及实用技术.北京:电子工业出版社,2003,9
[38] 乔纳森.亚当斯.使用电流感应IR211X栅极驱动IC.电子质量,元器件与集成电路卷
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[43] 程明远,谢宋和.单片机应用系统PCB电磁兼容性(EMC)设计.机床电器,1999.5
[44] 钱振宇.开关电源的电磁兼容性设计与测试.北京:电子工业出版社,2005
[45] 钱照明.电磁兼容设计基础及干扰抑制技术.杭州:浙江大学出版社,2000
[46] 白同云.电磁兼容设计.北京:北京邮电大学出版社,2001
[47] 王庆斌.电磁干扰与电磁兼容技术.北京:机械工业出版社,1999
[2] 刘胜利.现代高频开关电源实用技术.北京:电子工业出版社,2001
[3] M.T.Tasi. High frequency PWM technique for woe and three level single inverters. Electric Power Applications,2000,147(3)
[4] 孙时生.脉宽调制(PWM)型300W开关稳压电源的研制.广州师院学报(自然科学版),1996
[5] 王先泉,张海呈.PWM型开关电源中的损耗与谐振型开关电源的进展.国外电子元器件(谐振电源专辑),1997,10
[6] 陈伟凡,黄锦福.高频开关电源的原理及关键技术.电信技术,1997.9
[7] 张乃国.电源技术.北京:中国电力出版社,1999
[8] 杨德刚,赵良炳.软开关技术回顾与展望.电力电子技术,1998,2
[9] 蔡宜三,龚绍文.高频功率电子学.北京:科学出版社,1993
[10] Muhammad H.Rashid. Power Electronics, Second Edition. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1993
[11] 张占松,蔡宜三.开关电源的原理与设计.北京:电子工业出版社,1998
[12] 肖如泉,王琰.高压直流试验电源及新发展.高电压技术,1997,vol23:44-45
[13] 张仁豫.高电压试验技术.北京:清华大学出版社,1982
[14] 张过君.现代电力电子及电源技术的发展.HTTP://WWW.CPS.COM.CN
[15] 魏智.用于雷达发射机的140kW高压开关电源.现代雷达,2000,6
[16] 胡素华,余增亮.200kV高压直流开关电源.高电压设备,2001,vol37:26-35
[17] 张芝涛.产生高浓度臭氧用200kHz高压逆变电源的研制.高电压技术,2001,vol27:6-12
[18] Shyh-Shin Liang and Ying-Yu Zou. DSP control of a resonant switching high-voltage power supply for X-ray generators. IEEE, 2001, vol.2:520-529
[19] 赵效敏.开关电源的设计与应用.上海:上海科学普及出版社,1995
[20] 杨辉.高压开关直流稳压电源的研究.西安工业学院学报,1994,14(1)
[21] S.D.Johnson,A.F.Witulski. A comparison of Resonant Topologies in High Voltage DC Application. IEEE Trans on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 1988, vol24:263-264
[22] Robert L.Steigerwald. A Comparison of Half-Bridge Resonant Converter Topologies. IEEE Trans on Power Eleetronies Vol3, 1988: 174-182
[23] 阮新波.采用辅助谐振网络实现零电压开关的移相控制全桥变换器.电工技术学报,1998,13(2):47-52
[24] Moschopoulos G, Jain P, Joos G, et al. A single-stage zero-voltage switched PWM full-bridge converter with power factor correction[A].Proc IEEE APEC'1997[C],1997:457-463.
[25] Watson R. Lee F C. A soft-switching, full-bridge boost converter employing an active-clamp circuit[A]. Proe IEEE PESC'1996[C], 1996:1948-1954
[26] J.G.Cho,J.A.Sabate,G.C.Hua.and F.C.Lee. Zero-voltage and zero-current-switching full-bridge PWM converter for high power applications. IEEE-PESC, 1994:102-108
[27] Ruan Xinbo and Yan Yangguang. An improved phase-shifted zero-voltage and zero-current switching Pwm converter. IEEE-APEC, 1998:811-815
[28] 周志敏.电力电子器件与现代电力技术.电气时空,2004,8
[29] 孙向东,段龙,钟彦儒等.高压直流LCC谐振变换器的分析与设计.电工技术学报,2002,10
[30] Ashoka K S Bhat, Analysis and design of a series parallel resonant converter with capacitive output filter, IEEE Trans.on Ind.Appl,1991,27(3): 521-532
[31] 包金英,粱晖.高频高压软开关DC/AC电源的仿真研究.世界电子元器件,2003.8[32] 王京梅,兰中文.高频开关电源变压器的优化设计.电子科技大学学报,2002,8
[32] 王守武.VDMOS场效应管应用手册.北京:科学出版社,1992
[33] 钱进,文英.倍压整流及其应用.长江职工大学学报,2002,1
[34] Texas Instruments TMS320LF_LC240xA DSP Controllers System and Peripherals Reference Guide(Rev.B), 2001
[35] 张松,王正勇,吴晓红等.基于DSP实现的软开关电源控制系统.信息与电子工程,2003,2
[36] 王维俊,江渝,邓力.TMS320LF2407DSPC语言开发应用.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2003.1
[37] 何苏勤,王忠勇.TMS320C2000系列DSP原理及实用技术.北京:电子工业出版社,2003,9
[38] 乔纳森.亚当斯.使用电流感应IR211X栅极驱动IC.电子质量,元器件与集成电路卷
[39] Power Integrations,Inc. Flyback Transformer Design For TOPSwitch Power Supplies Application Note AN-17, 1996
[40] 王正仕.智能功率器件Topswitch及其开关电源电路.电子技术应用,1999.6
[41] 王幸之,王雷,翟成等.单片机应用系统抗干扰技术.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,1999
[42] 邓重一.浅谈DSP系统中的电磁兼容问题.半导体技术,第28卷第3期.
[43] 程明远,谢宋和.单片机应用系统PCB电磁兼容性(EMC)设计.机床电器,1999.5
[44] 钱振宇.开关电源的电磁兼容性设计与测试.北京:电子工业出版社,2005
[45] 钱照明.电磁兼容设计基础及干扰抑制技术.杭州:浙江大学出版社,2000
[46] 白同云.电磁兼容设计.北京:北京邮电大学出版社,2001
[47] 王庆斌.电磁干扰与电磁兼容技术.北京:机械工业出版社,1999