基于DSP的高压恒流充电电源的研究
|
摘要
传统的高压直流电源通常是用220V工频交流电经变压器升压、整流滤波而获得的,使得电源的体积和重量很大,并且纹波较大,稳定性不高,效率低。本文将软开关技术应用于高压电源中,做成高频高压电源,大大减少电源的体积和重量,提高了电源的稳定性和效率。在实现高频化的主要逆变电路中,通过研究开关电源的PWM技术和软开关技术,以ZVS PWM DC/DC变换器作为电源的主变换电路,利用高频变压器漏感来实现软开关,详细分析了这类电路的工作原理和实现ZVS的策略,给出了具体设计参数和仿真、实验波形。
高频功率脉冲变压器其主要作用为磁藕合传递能量、电气隔离、电压变换和阻抗变换等,其性能的好坏不仅直接影响到输出是否产生波形的畸变及能量传输的效率,而且可能影响到功率开关器件的安全工作。本文分析了影响高频变压器性能的因素:磁芯材料选用的原则,磁芯形状选用的原则,磁芯的种类和特点及变压器的详细设计计算。
整个电源系统以DSP为控制核心,用TI公司的TMS320LF2407 DSP芯片来集中实现移相全桥逆变技术、电源输出调压和过压过流保护等功能。控制算法通过软件编程实现使得系统升级方便,也便于用户根据各自的需要灵活地选择不同的控制功能。
本电源功率3kW,开关频率为20kHz,高压直流电源输出电压2.4kV,定点可调,纹波系数不大于0.5%,整个电源效率在80%以上。
The traditional high-voltage DC power-supply, which usually be gotten by boosting 220V 50Hz AC voltage with transformer and then converting voltage with rectifier filter, has big bulk and weight, high ripple coefficient of output voltage, low stabilization and efficiency. The design of a high-frequency high-voltage power-supply using soft switching power-supply technology is discussed in this paper. The core part includes full-bridge inverter, transformer and rectifier. Primary inverter is a full-bridge inverter constructed by ZVS PWM DC/DC, which insures the system working at high frequency.
The main use of transformer for high frequency is to transform energy ,electric insulating, voltage changing and impedance changing as magnetic coupling. The capability of the transformer affect the safety of the device of the power switching. In the paper, the factors that affect the capability of the transformer is analyzed, which including that the principle of the magnetic material selecting, the principle of the shape of the magnetic core, the kinds of the magnetic core and the calculation of the design for the transformer.
DSP is the core of the power supply ,The paper adopted TMS320LF2407 made by TI company to realize phase shift full-bridge soft switch, it is also used to adjust the voltage of output and protect the system when current is overflow .The control method is decided by software, it can be modified according to the need of the custom.
The power of the power-supply is 3000W.The switching frequency is 20kHz. Output DC voltage of power-supply is 2.4kV and can be changed by DSP. The ripple coefficient is no more than 0.5%. The efficiency of the power-supply system is more than 80%.
高频功率脉冲变压器其主要作用为磁藕合传递能量、电气隔离、电压变换和阻抗变换等,其性能的好坏不仅直接影响到输出是否产生波形的畸变及能量传输的效率,而且可能影响到功率开关器件的安全工作。本文分析了影响高频变压器性能的因素:磁芯材料选用的原则,磁芯形状选用的原则,磁芯的种类和特点及变压器的详细设计计算。
整个电源系统以DSP为控制核心,用TI公司的TMS320LF2407 DSP芯片来集中实现移相全桥逆变技术、电源输出调压和过压过流保护等功能。控制算法通过软件编程实现使得系统升级方便,也便于用户根据各自的需要灵活地选择不同的控制功能。
本电源功率3kW,开关频率为20kHz,高压直流电源输出电压2.4kV,定点可调,纹波系数不大于0.5%,整个电源效率在80%以上。
The traditional high-voltage DC power-supply, which usually be gotten by boosting 220V 50Hz AC voltage with transformer and then converting voltage with rectifier filter, has big bulk and weight, high ripple coefficient of output voltage, low stabilization and efficiency. The design of a high-frequency high-voltage power-supply using soft switching power-supply technology is discussed in this paper. The core part includes full-bridge inverter, transformer and rectifier. Primary inverter is a full-bridge inverter constructed by ZVS PWM DC/DC, which insures the system working at high frequency.
The main use of transformer for high frequency is to transform energy ,electric insulating, voltage changing and impedance changing as magnetic coupling. The capability of the transformer affect the safety of the device of the power switching. In the paper, the factors that affect the capability of the transformer is analyzed, which including that the principle of the magnetic material selecting, the principle of the shape of the magnetic core, the kinds of the magnetic core and the calculation of the design for the transformer.
DSP is the core of the power supply ,The paper adopted TMS320LF2407 made by TI company to realize phase shift full-bridge soft switch, it is also used to adjust the voltage of output and protect the system when current is overflow .The control method is decided by software, it can be modified according to the need of the custom.
The power of the power-supply is 3000W.The switching frequency is 20kHz. Output DC voltage of power-supply is 2.4kV and can be changed by DSP. The ripple coefficient is no more than 0.5%. The efficiency of the power-supply system is more than 80%.
引文
1. 张占松,蔡宣三.开关电源的原理与设计.电子工业出版社,2001,1:109~116
2 何希才.新型开关电源的设计与应用.科学出版社,2001,2:15~18
3 万伟.高频高压电源.硕士学位论文.大连理工大学,1995:23~25
4 叶慧贞,杨兴洲.新颖开关稳压电源.国防工业出版社,1999:57~62
5 王聪.软开关功率变换器及其应用.科学出版社,2000,1:95~98
6 胡素华,余增亮.200kV 高压直流开关电源.高电压设备,2001,137:26~31
7 杨德刚,赵良烟.软开关技术回顾与展望.电力电子技术,1998,2:45~47
8 张松,干止勇,吴晓红等.基于 DSP 实现的软开关电源控制系统.信息与电子工程,2003,2:36~38
9 包金英,梁晖.高频高压软开关 DC/AC 电源的仿真研究.世界电子元器件,2003,8:13~14
10 王京梅,兰中文.高频开关电源变压器的优化设计.电子科技大学学报,2002,8:21~23
11 原田耕介主编.耿文学译.开关电源手册.2004,8:95~102
12 周长源.电路理论基础.高等教育出版社.1997,2:179~182
13 尚雷,王相紊,裴元吉.新型软开关高压脉冲电容恒流充电技术分析.强激光与粒子束,2001,2:32~35
14 范青.一种高压脉冲电源充电技术的研究.电力电子技术,2002,3:35~37
15 杨辉.高压开关直流稳压电源的研究.西安工业学院学报,1994,14(1):42~43
16 阮新波,严仰光.脉宽调制 DC/DC 全桥变换器的软开关技术.北京,科学出版社,1999,9:123~127
17 刘胜利.现代高频开关电源实用技术.北京,电子工业出版社,2001:75~79
18 Seung_Hee Ryu, Dong-Yun Lee and Sang_Bong Yoo. A Modified ZVZCS Communtation Cell for All Active Switches in PWM Converters. IEEEAPEC :760~765
19 叶治政,叶靖国.开关稳压电源.高等教育出版社,1989:36~38
20 张廷鹏等.通信用高频开关电源.人民邮电出版社,1999,9:79~85
21 何希才.新型开关电源及其应用.人民邮电出版社,1996,5:82~87
22 谷川彰.开关式稳压器的设计技术.科学出版社,1989,9:103~105
23 徐曼珍.程控数字通信系统基础电源设备.人民邮电出版社,1995,11:75~78
24 盛祖权.IGBT 的驱动与保护技术.第十三届全国电源技术年会论文集,400~403
25 Hamel.W.R , Sewoong Kim. Dynamic Modeling and Analysis of a Transmission-Based Robot Servo Actuator.IEEE International Conference on p.208~213
26 丁道宏.电力电子技术.航空工业出版社,1992:87~90
27 K.Chen, and T.A.Stuart. A study of IGBT turn-off behavior and switching loss for zero-voltage zero-current switching. IEEE APEC, 1992, 411~418
28 张国军,王学礼.现代电力电子及电源技术的发展.中国自动化网,2004:25~28
29 李爱文,张承慧.现代逆变技术及其应用.科学出版社,2000:35~37
30 Thomson W T, Chalmers S J. An on-line computer-based current monitoring system. Turbomachinery International, 1987: 17~24
31 王兆安,黄俊.电力电子技术(第 4 版).北京机械工业出版社,2001:72~76
32 陈道炼编著.DC-AC 逆变技术及其应用 .机械工业出版社,2003:12~16
33 薛定宇.控制系统计算机辅助设计-MATLAB 语言及应用.北京工业出 版社,1996:75~77
34 Itches in PWM Converters. IEEE APEC: 760~765
35 Xinbo Ruan, Yangguang Yan. A Novel Zero Voltage and Zero Current Switching PWM Full-Bridge Converter Using Two Diodes in Series With the Lagging Leg. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS, 2001, 4(48): 45~49
36 Voultoury P. Implementation of a Speed Controlled Brushless DC Drive Using TMS320F240. Texas Instruments.Inc ,2001: 45~49
37 Cho.J.C Baek.J.W, Yoo.D.W, Lee.H.S, Novel zero-voltage and zero-currentswitching full bridge PWM converter using transformer auxiliary winding. IEEE-PESC, 1997: 227~232
38 S.Hamada, and M.Nakaoka. Analysis and design of a saturable reactor assisted soft-switching full-bridge dc-do converter. IEEE Tran.PE, Vo1.9, No.3, 1994 :309~317
39 S.Hamada, YMaruyama, and M.Nakaoka. Saturable reactor assisted soft-switching technique in PWMdc-do converter. IEEE PESC, 1992 :93~100
40 G.C.Hua, F.C.Lee, and M.M.Jovanovic. An improved zero-voltage-switched PWM converter using a saturable inductor. IEEE-PESC, 1991 :189~194
41 袁南尔,王万良等.计算机新型控制策略及其应用.清华大学出版社,1998:120~122
2 何希才.新型开关电源的设计与应用.科学出版社,2001,2:15~18
3 万伟.高频高压电源.硕士学位论文.大连理工大学,1995:23~25
4 叶慧贞,杨兴洲.新颖开关稳压电源.国防工业出版社,1999:57~62
5 王聪.软开关功率变换器及其应用.科学出版社,2000,1:95~98
6 胡素华,余增亮.200kV 高压直流开关电源.高电压设备,2001,137:26~31
7 杨德刚,赵良烟.软开关技术回顾与展望.电力电子技术,1998,2:45~47
8 张松,干止勇,吴晓红等.基于 DSP 实现的软开关电源控制系统.信息与电子工程,2003,2:36~38
9 包金英,梁晖.高频高压软开关 DC/AC 电源的仿真研究.世界电子元器件,2003,8:13~14
10 王京梅,兰中文.高频开关电源变压器的优化设计.电子科技大学学报,2002,8:21~23
11 原田耕介主编.耿文学译.开关电源手册.2004,8:95~102
12 周长源.电路理论基础.高等教育出版社.1997,2:179~182
13 尚雷,王相紊,裴元吉.新型软开关高压脉冲电容恒流充电技术分析.强激光与粒子束,2001,2:32~35
14 范青.一种高压脉冲电源充电技术的研究.电力电子技术,2002,3:35~37
15 杨辉.高压开关直流稳压电源的研究.西安工业学院学报,1994,14(1):42~43
16 阮新波,严仰光.脉宽调制 DC/DC 全桥变换器的软开关技术.北京,科学出版社,1999,9:123~127
17 刘胜利.现代高频开关电源实用技术.北京,电子工业出版社,2001:75~79
18 Seung_Hee Ryu, Dong-Yun Lee and Sang_Bong Yoo. A Modified ZVZCS Communtation Cell for All Active Switches in PWM Converters. IEEEAPEC :760~765
19 叶治政,叶靖国.开关稳压电源.高等教育出版社,1989:36~38
20 张廷鹏等.通信用高频开关电源.人民邮电出版社,1999,9:79~85
21 何希才.新型开关电源及其应用.人民邮电出版社,1996,5:82~87
22 谷川彰.开关式稳压器的设计技术.科学出版社,1989,9:103~105
23 徐曼珍.程控数字通信系统基础电源设备.人民邮电出版社,1995,11:75~78
24 盛祖权.IGBT 的驱动与保护技术.第十三届全国电源技术年会论文集,400~403
25 Hamel.W.R , Sewoong Kim. Dynamic Modeling and Analysis of a Transmission-Based Robot Servo Actuator.IEEE International Conference on p.208~213
26 丁道宏.电力电子技术.航空工业出版社,1992:87~90
27 K.Chen, and T.A.Stuart. A study of IGBT turn-off behavior and switching loss for zero-voltage zero-current switching. IEEE APEC, 1992, 411~418
28 张国军,王学礼.现代电力电子及电源技术的发展.中国自动化网,2004:25~28
29 李爱文,张承慧.现代逆变技术及其应用.科学出版社,2000:35~37
30 Thomson W T, Chalmers S J. An on-line computer-based current monitoring system. Turbomachinery International, 1987: 17~24
31 王兆安,黄俊.电力电子技术(第 4 版).北京机械工业出版社,2001:72~76
32 陈道炼编著.DC-AC 逆变技术及其应用 .机械工业出版社,2003:12~16
33 薛定宇.控制系统计算机辅助设计-MATLAB 语言及应用.北京工业出 版社,1996:75~77
34 Itches in PWM Converters. IEEE APEC: 760~765
35 Xinbo Ruan, Yangguang Yan. A Novel Zero Voltage and Zero Current Switching PWM Full-Bridge Converter Using Two Diodes in Series With the Lagging Leg. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS, 2001, 4(48): 45~49
36 Voultoury P. Implementation of a Speed Controlled Brushless DC Drive Using TMS320F240. Texas Instruments.Inc ,2001: 45~49
37 Cho.J.C Baek.J.W, Yoo.D.W, Lee.H.S, Novel zero-voltage and zero-currentswitching full bridge PWM converter using transformer auxiliary winding. IEEE-PESC, 1997: 227~232
38 S.Hamada, and M.Nakaoka. Analysis and design of a saturable reactor assisted soft-switching full-bridge dc-do converter. IEEE Tran.PE, Vo1.9, No.3, 1994 :309~317
39 S.Hamada, YMaruyama, and M.Nakaoka. Saturable reactor assisted soft-switching technique in PWMdc-do converter. IEEE PESC, 1992 :93~100
40 G.C.Hua, F.C.Lee, and M.M.Jovanovic. An improved zero-voltage-switched PWM converter using a saturable inductor. IEEE-PESC, 1991 :189~194
41 袁南尔,王万良等.计算机新型控制策略及其应用.清华大学出版社,1998:120~122