燃气气源更换后城市管网系统供气能力的计算机分析
摘要
城市天然气化是深圳市不远的将来所面临的现实之一，随着广东省的液化天然气工程启动，深圳市的燃气气源由液化石油气转化为天然气的过程已经开始。城市燃气的气源由液化石油气向天然气的转化过程中，气源的置换将导致的许多技术问题，如设备、用具的适应性等非常重要，但同时输配管网的结构调整也是非常复杂的问题之一。
由于历史的原因，深圳市的燃气管网是由小区管网联网而成的。小区管道的设计过程中考虑到了天然气更替的可能，因此，面临天然气气源置换的问题从管网结构的方面应该不会存在很大的问题。
但由于深圳市的燃气管网在从小区管网系统向城市大型管网系统的过渡过程中，小区之间的连接并没有完全考虑整体管网的适应性，因此在气源更换后管网的整体输气能力是一个值得关注的问题。
本文介绍了管网分析的计算机方法，并进行了管网平差计算的计算机程序编写。在此基础上，通过利用计算机分析的方法，对深圳市的现有燃气管网系统进行了较为详细的水力工况分析，特别是针对天然气气源接入城市管网的过程中，系统的接入点对管网输气能力的影响进行了计算，计算结果对充分利用现有城市管网的输气能力，选择合适的天然气进入接口位置，将提供较为可靠和实用的科学依据。
另外，深圳市现在并没有城市外输气干管，在天然气系统建成时，城市的外环输气干管是不可缺少的，通过计算分析的结果，对如何能有效的发挥城市高压管线的输气作用，确定深圳市城市天然气管网的高压管线走向提供了一定得理论依据。
Using natural gas(briefly NG) as the main fuel is one of the realities that Shenzhen will to face before long, with the starting of LPG project. The change from LPG into NG of Shenzhen's gas source is in processing. In the process of change from LPG into NG of city's gas source, replacement of gas source will leads to a lot of technical problems, such as: the adaptation of the equipments, apparatus is very important, meanwhile the adjustment of the pipe-system's frame is also a very difficult problem.
For the historical reasons, the gas pipe-system of shenzhen is formed by small ward's pipe-system. The possibility of replacement of NG has been taken into account in the small ward's pipe-system design, hence, in term of the pipe-system's frame, there should not be much trouble in the replacement of NG source.
However, the conjunction between wards didn't care the adaptation of the whole pipe-system, in the course of Shenzhen's gas pipe-system's change from small ward pipe-system into city's large scale pipe-system, as a result, after replacement of gas source, the attention should be paid to the entire transport capacity of the pipe-system.
In this paper, the computer method of pipe-system's analysis is introduced, also the computer program of pipe-system's checking is given out. Then more detailed analysis on hydraulic state of current Shenzhen's gas pipe-system can be done by computer analytic methods, especially when the gas source is connected to city's pipe-system, the influence resulted by junctions on the transport capacity of pipe-system has been computed. The results will offer reliable and scientific reference to how to use the city's pipe-system's transport capacity completely and how to select a proper junction.
Additionally, outside of shenzhen there is no gas transport main pipe, when the NG system was constructed. The outer pipe-system is dispensable.
After analysis on calculation results, it will offer some theoretic reference to how to exploit the function of high pressure system in gas transport and how to select Shenzhen's high pressure NG pipe-system route.
由于历史的原因，深圳市的燃气管网是由小区管网联网而成的。小区管道的设计过程中考虑到了天然气更替的可能，因此，面临天然气气源置换的问题从管网结构的方面应该不会存在很大的问题。
但由于深圳市的燃气管网在从小区管网系统向城市大型管网系统的过渡过程中，小区之间的连接并没有完全考虑整体管网的适应性，因此在气源更换后管网的整体输气能力是一个值得关注的问题。
本文介绍了管网分析的计算机方法，并进行了管网平差计算的计算机程序编写。在此基础上，通过利用计算机分析的方法，对深圳市的现有燃气管网系统进行了较为详细的水力工况分析，特别是针对天然气气源接入城市管网的过程中，系统的接入点对管网输气能力的影响进行了计算，计算结果对充分利用现有城市管网的输气能力，选择合适的天然气进入接口位置，将提供较为可靠和实用的科学依据。
另外，深圳市现在并没有城市外输气干管，在天然气系统建成时，城市的外环输气干管是不可缺少的，通过计算分析的结果，对如何能有效的发挥城市高压管线的输气作用，确定深圳市城市天然气管网的高压管线走向提供了一定得理论依据。
Using natural gas(briefly NG) as the main fuel is one of the realities that Shenzhen will to face before long, with the starting of LPG project. The change from LPG into NG of Shenzhen's gas source is in processing. In the process of change from LPG into NG of city's gas source, replacement of gas source will leads to a lot of technical problems, such as: the adaptation of the equipments, apparatus is very important, meanwhile the adjustment of the pipe-system's frame is also a very difficult problem.
For the historical reasons, the gas pipe-system of shenzhen is formed by small ward's pipe-system. The possibility of replacement of NG has been taken into account in the small ward's pipe-system design, hence, in term of the pipe-system's frame, there should not be much trouble in the replacement of NG source.
However, the conjunction between wards didn't care the adaptation of the whole pipe-system, in the course of Shenzhen's gas pipe-system's change from small ward pipe-system into city's large scale pipe-system, as a result, after replacement of gas source, the attention should be paid to the entire transport capacity of the pipe-system.
In this paper, the computer method of pipe-system's analysis is introduced, also the computer program of pipe-system's checking is given out. Then more detailed analysis on hydraulic state of current Shenzhen's gas pipe-system can be done by computer analytic methods, especially when the gas source is connected to city's pipe-system, the influence resulted by junctions on the transport capacity of pipe-system has been computed. The results will offer reliable and scientific reference to how to use the city's pipe-system's transport capacity completely and how to select a proper junction.
Additionally, outside of shenzhen there is no gas transport main pipe, when the NG system was constructed. The outer pipe-system is dispensable.
After analysis on calculation results, it will offer some theoretic reference to how to exploit the function of high pressure system in gas transport and how to select Shenzhen's high pressure NG pipe-system route.
引文
[1] 赖元楷著 蔚蓝的火焰 花城出版社 广州 2000
[2] 哈尔滨建筑大学主编 燃气输配 中国建筑出版社 北京 1994
[3] 田贯三 燃气管网运行工况非均匀时间间隔的宏观分析 山东建筑工程学院学报 Vol．13 No．1 1998
[4] 邹勇 燃气管网水力计算问题及问题处理 有色金属设计 Vol．26 No．2 1999
[5] 冯良 告诫稀疏对称方程组在燃气管网计算中的应用 同济大学学报 Vol．23 No．6 1995
[6] 谢伟光 牛顿法在燃气管网节点压力计算中的应用 煤气与热力 No．5 1998
[7] 孙伟、王立峰 环状管网优化设计数学模型煤气与热力 Vol．21 No．6 2000
[8] 周谟仁主编 流体力学 中国建筑工业出版社 北京 1979
[9] P. J.罗奇著 计算流体力学 科学出版社 北京 1983
[10] C. A.博布罗大斯基等著 天然气管道输送 石油工业出版社 北京 1983
[11] 陈钢军 环状管网水力计算的图论方法 华侨大学学报 Vol．15 No．4 1994
[12] 王建民 城市地下管网计算机辅助设计系统 计算机应用 Vol．15 No．4 1995
[13] 雍岐东 天然气管网的技术经济分析与决策 石油规划设计 No．1 1998
[14] 郭占周 煤气管网CAD系统的应用分析 河南城建高等专科学校学报 Vol．8 No．3 1999
[15] 吕光宁、陈晓鸣 天然气输配管网的矩阵描述 石油规划设计 No．7 2000
[16] 史登旺 煤气管网的设计计算 河北冶金No．1 2000
[17] Mantri, V. B., Preston, L. B., Pringle, C. S., Computer Program Optimizes Natural Gas Pipe Line Operation, Pipe Line Industry Vol. 65, No. 1, Jul, 1986
[18] Gilmour, Jill, Design and Application of a Natural Gas pipeline Optimization Program, American Society of Mechanical Engineers(paper), 1987
[19] Tso, P. K. S., Design Natural Gas Pipeline Using Graphical Analysis, American Society of Mechanical Engineers(paper), 1973
[20] O' Callaghan, R. T., Designing Gas Distribution Networks by Computers, International Journal of Production Research Jun 7-11 1976 Int Gas Union
[21] Osborne, J. Michael, Economic Design of Low Pressure Air Piping Systems, American Society of Civil Engineers, Journal of the Environmental Engineering Division Vol. 100 No. 6 Dec 1974 p 1263-1277
[22] McClure, Daniel C., Miller, Tom, Linear Programming Offers Way To Optimize Pipeline Analysis, Oil and Gas Journal Vol. 81 No. 29 Jul 18 1983
[23] O' Neill, Richard P., Williard, Mark, Wilkins, Bert, Pike, Ralph, Mathematical
Programming Model for Allocation of Natural Gas, Operations Research Vol. 27 No. 5 Sep-Oct 1979
[24] EI-Tayeb, S. etc, Optimal Configuration of Natural Gas gathering Piping Networks, Oil Gas-European Magazine Vol. 23, No. 3, Sep, 1997
[25] Kuenzel, B., Specker, G., Forecasting and Optimizing System for Gas Supply Networks, Brown Boveri Review Vol. 72, No. 6, Jun, 1985
[26] Anon, Natural Gas Supply and Storage, Energy Digest Vol. 18, No. 2, 1989
[27] Tsal, Robert J., Gordon, Edward, Simpson, Kenneth O., Olson, Robert R., Optimal gas Pipeline Design via Dynamic Programming with Variable Stages, Pipeline Simulation Interest Group Eighteenth Annual Meeting. 1986
[28] Carlyauskas, A. I., Unanyan, L. A., Optimal Planning for Regional Gas Supply Systems, Electronic-Modeling(English Translation of Elektronnoe Modelirovanie) No. 4 Jul 1981
[29] Lo, K. L., Optimization and Analysis of Gas Supply Networks, Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control Vol. 6 No. 5 Oct 1984
[2] 哈尔滨建筑大学主编 燃气输配 中国建筑出版社 北京 1994
[3] 田贯三 燃气管网运行工况非均匀时间间隔的宏观分析 山东建筑工程学院学报 Vol．13 No．1 1998
[4] 邹勇 燃气管网水力计算问题及问题处理 有色金属设计 Vol．26 No．2 1999
[5] 冯良 告诫稀疏对称方程组在燃气管网计算中的应用 同济大学学报 Vol．23 No．6 1995
[6] 谢伟光 牛顿法在燃气管网节点压力计算中的应用 煤气与热力 No．5 1998
[7] 孙伟、王立峰 环状管网优化设计数学模型煤气与热力 Vol．21 No．6 2000
[8] 周谟仁主编 流体力学 中国建筑工业出版社 北京 1979
[9] P. J.罗奇著 计算流体力学 科学出版社 北京 1983
[10] C. A.博布罗大斯基等著 天然气管道输送 石油工业出版社 北京 1983
[11] 陈钢军 环状管网水力计算的图论方法 华侨大学学报 Vol．15 No．4 1994
[12] 王建民 城市地下管网计算机辅助设计系统 计算机应用 Vol．15 No．4 1995
[13] 雍岐东 天然气管网的技术经济分析与决策 石油规划设计 No．1 1998
[14] 郭占周 煤气管网CAD系统的应用分析 河南城建高等专科学校学报 Vol．8 No．3 1999
[15] 吕光宁、陈晓鸣 天然气输配管网的矩阵描述 石油规划设计 No．7 2000
[16] 史登旺 煤气管网的设计计算 河北冶金No．1 2000
[17] Mantri, V. B., Preston, L. B., Pringle, C. S., Computer Program Optimizes Natural Gas Pipe Line Operation, Pipe Line Industry Vol. 65, No. 1, Jul, 1986
[18] Gilmour, Jill, Design and Application of a Natural Gas pipeline Optimization Program, American Society of Mechanical Engineers(paper), 1987
[19] Tso, P. K. S., Design Natural Gas Pipeline Using Graphical Analysis, American Society of Mechanical Engineers(paper), 1973
[20] O' Callaghan, R. T., Designing Gas Distribution Networks by Computers, International Journal of Production Research Jun 7-11 1976 Int Gas Union
[21] Osborne, J. Michael, Economic Design of Low Pressure Air Piping Systems, American Society of Civil Engineers, Journal of the Environmental Engineering Division Vol. 100 No. 6 Dec 1974 p 1263-1277
[22] McClure, Daniel C., Miller, Tom, Linear Programming Offers Way To Optimize Pipeline Analysis, Oil and Gas Journal Vol. 81 No. 29 Jul 18 1983
[23] O' Neill, Richard P., Williard, Mark, Wilkins, Bert, Pike, Ralph, Mathematical
Programming Model for Allocation of Natural Gas, Operations Research Vol. 27 No. 5 Sep-Oct 1979
[24] EI-Tayeb, S. etc, Optimal Configuration of Natural Gas gathering Piping Networks, Oil Gas-European Magazine Vol. 23, No. 3, Sep, 1997
[25] Kuenzel, B., Specker, G., Forecasting and Optimizing System for Gas Supply Networks, Brown Boveri Review Vol. 72, No. 6, Jun, 1985
[26] Anon, Natural Gas Supply and Storage, Energy Digest Vol. 18, No. 2, 1989
[27] Tsal, Robert J., Gordon, Edward, Simpson, Kenneth O., Olson, Robert R., Optimal gas Pipeline Design via Dynamic Programming with Variable Stages, Pipeline Simulation Interest Group Eighteenth Annual Meeting. 1986
[28] Carlyauskas, A. I., Unanyan, L. A., Optimal Planning for Regional Gas Supply Systems, Electronic-Modeling(English Translation of Elektronnoe Modelirovanie) No. 4 Jul 1981
[29] Lo, K. L., Optimization and Analysis of Gas Supply Networks, Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control Vol. 6 No. 5 Oct 1984