水生态区划与评价理论方法及应用研究
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摘要
水资源状况与水生态系统状况息息相关,要有效保护水资源,必须维护良好的水生态系统。然而,水生态保护是一项极其复杂的系统工程,它涉及生态用水、生态修复、生态监测与评估、配置与调度等诸多领域,需要统筹上下游、左右岸、干支流以及保护与开发利用之间的关系,需要水利、环保、国土资源、农业等多部门协同参与。开展水生态区划与评价是实施水生态环境分区管理与保护和维护水生态系统健康稳定的重要途径。
水生态是以河流、湖泊、水库水域及滨河滨湖湿地等组成的生态系统为核心,包括周边一定辐射范围陆域的综合生态环境系统。结合相关研究进展和水生态环境特征与规律,以等级系统理论和生态学原理为理论基础,从综合分析生态因素并突出考虑水的功能的角度出发,采用功能分类法建立二级水生态服务功能分类体系,进而提出包括指导思想、基本原则、分区方法及命名与编码规则的水生态区划理论方法。分区采用“自上而下”与“自下而上”相结合的方法,涉及叠置法、景观制图法、地理相关法、主导标志法及专家咨询法等定性分析方法。根据水生态服务功能类型差异,分模块选取评价指标,构建水生态评价指标体系；选用单指标描述与多指标综合、定性分析与定量评价相结合的方法,形成水生态评价理论方法。以淮河流域为例,在综合分析与系统辨识其水生态环境特征的基础上,研究水生态区划与评价理论方法在流域尺度的具体应用,得到淮河流域水生态区划方案与评价结果。结合水生态区划与评价研究成果,建立了淮河流域水生态保护与修复技术体系,为流域水资源和水生态保护服务。
以人与自然和谐理念为指导,以维护水生态系统健康和良性发展为目标,以开展科学合理的水生态分区和评价为研究主线,以有效实施水生态保护与修复为落脚点,建立了新的水生态服务功能分类体系,提出了系统、科学的水生态区划与评价理论方法,并在淮河流域得到成功应用。研究成果对辨析水生态系统特征与功能、指导水生态保护与修复、保障经济社会与资源环境协调健康发展具有重要意义。
Aquatic ecosystems status is closely related to water resources, so a hygeian aquatic ecosystem should be maintained to protect water effectively. However, ecological protection is an extremely complicated systematic engineering, which involves many fields such as ecological water use, ecological restoration, ecological monitoring and evaluation, as well as allocation and dispatch. The relationships between upper and lower reaches, left and right bank, main stream and branch, as well as protecting and exploring should be planed as a whole to consider. It also demands collaborations of various departments such as water resources department, environmental protection department, land and resources department, agriculture department, etc. Researching regionalization and evaluation of aquatic ecosystems is an effective way to implement water environment management and protection according to regions.
Aquatic ecosystem is a comprehensive ecological environment system, with rivers, lakes, reservoirs and adjacent wetlands ecosystems at the core, and including lands within a certain limits. The two-stage classification system is set up from the perspective of ecological factors synthesized and water's functions highlighted. And then, the regionalization methodology of aquatic systems is proposed, which consists of guiding concepts, fundamental principles, regionalization approaches, nomenclature and code rules. All these are based on hierarchy theory and ecological principal. At the same time, relevant achievements, characteristics and rules of entironment are considered. The bottom-to-top method and top-to-bottom method are combined, involving various qualitative analysis methods such as overlapping method, landscape mapping method, geographic correlation method, leading mark method and Delphi technique. According to aquatic ecosystem service functions, the evaluation index system is created by selecting indexes from modules. Combining qualitative and quantitative analysis, evaluation of single-index and multiindex synthetically are performed in the aquatic ecosystem evaluation. Base on analyses and identification of the Huaihe River Basin, theory method of regionalization and evaluation of aquatic ecosystems is applied on catchment scale, and the regionalization scheme and evaluation results are put forward. Finally, considering the objective of serving water resources and ecological conservation, the protection and restoration technology system is established in the Huaihe River Basin.
Guided by the idea that man and nature live in harmony, aiming for health and sound development of aquatic ecosystems, the scientific and reasonable regionalization and evaluation are researched. The innovative classification system of aquatic ecosystem service functions and theory method of regionalization and evaluation are presented. Further, the Huaihe River Basin is taken as an successful application. The results are significant to discriminating ecology characteristics and functions, guiding ecological protection and restoration, along with guaranteeing balanced and healthy development of economic and social.
水生态是以河流、湖泊、水库水域及滨河滨湖湿地等组成的生态系统为核心,包括周边一定辐射范围陆域的综合生态环境系统。结合相关研究进展和水生态环境特征与规律,以等级系统理论和生态学原理为理论基础,从综合分析生态因素并突出考虑水的功能的角度出发,采用功能分类法建立二级水生态服务功能分类体系,进而提出包括指导思想、基本原则、分区方法及命名与编码规则的水生态区划理论方法。分区采用“自上而下”与“自下而上”相结合的方法,涉及叠置法、景观制图法、地理相关法、主导标志法及专家咨询法等定性分析方法。根据水生态服务功能类型差异,分模块选取评价指标,构建水生态评价指标体系；选用单指标描述与多指标综合、定性分析与定量评价相结合的方法,形成水生态评价理论方法。以淮河流域为例,在综合分析与系统辨识其水生态环境特征的基础上,研究水生态区划与评价理论方法在流域尺度的具体应用,得到淮河流域水生态区划方案与评价结果。结合水生态区划与评价研究成果,建立了淮河流域水生态保护与修复技术体系,为流域水资源和水生态保护服务。
以人与自然和谐理念为指导,以维护水生态系统健康和良性发展为目标,以开展科学合理的水生态分区和评价为研究主线,以有效实施水生态保护与修复为落脚点,建立了新的水生态服务功能分类体系,提出了系统、科学的水生态区划与评价理论方法,并在淮河流域得到成功应用。研究成果对辨析水生态系统特征与功能、指导水生态保护与修复、保障经济社会与资源环境协调健康发展具有重要意义。
Aquatic ecosystems status is closely related to water resources, so a hygeian aquatic ecosystem should be maintained to protect water effectively. However, ecological protection is an extremely complicated systematic engineering, which involves many fields such as ecological water use, ecological restoration, ecological monitoring and evaluation, as well as allocation and dispatch. The relationships between upper and lower reaches, left and right bank, main stream and branch, as well as protecting and exploring should be planed as a whole to consider. It also demands collaborations of various departments such as water resources department, environmental protection department, land and resources department, agriculture department, etc. Researching regionalization and evaluation of aquatic ecosystems is an effective way to implement water environment management and protection according to regions.
Aquatic ecosystem is a comprehensive ecological environment system, with rivers, lakes, reservoirs and adjacent wetlands ecosystems at the core, and including lands within a certain limits. The two-stage classification system is set up from the perspective of ecological factors synthesized and water's functions highlighted. And then, the regionalization methodology of aquatic systems is proposed, which consists of guiding concepts, fundamental principles, regionalization approaches, nomenclature and code rules. All these are based on hierarchy theory and ecological principal. At the same time, relevant achievements, characteristics and rules of entironment are considered. The bottom-to-top method and top-to-bottom method are combined, involving various qualitative analysis methods such as overlapping method, landscape mapping method, geographic correlation method, leading mark method and Delphi technique. According to aquatic ecosystem service functions, the evaluation index system is created by selecting indexes from modules. Combining qualitative and quantitative analysis, evaluation of single-index and multiindex synthetically are performed in the aquatic ecosystem evaluation. Base on analyses and identification of the Huaihe River Basin, theory method of regionalization and evaluation of aquatic ecosystems is applied on catchment scale, and the regionalization scheme and evaluation results are put forward. Finally, considering the objective of serving water resources and ecological conservation, the protection and restoration technology system is established in the Huaihe River Basin.
Guided by the idea that man and nature live in harmony, aiming for health and sound development of aquatic ecosystems, the scientific and reasonable regionalization and evaluation are researched. The innovative classification system of aquatic ecosystem service functions and theory method of regionalization and evaluation are presented. Further, the Huaihe River Basin is taken as an successful application. The results are significant to discriminating ecology characteristics and functions, guiding ecological protection and restoration, along with guaranteeing balanced and healthy development of economic and social.
引文
注1：Jean-Gabriel Wasson, Andre Chandesris, Ana Garcia-Bautista, et al. Bertrand Villeneuve Relationships between ecological and chemical status of surface waters——European Hydro-Ecoregions [R],2007.
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