甜高粱茎秆采后生理特性及乙醇发酵工艺研究
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摘要
本研究以新疆农业科学研究院选育的高粱新品种-新高粱3号和4号甜高粱茎秆为试验材料,研究了甜高粱茎秆不同生长期(抽穗期、成熟期、完熟期)及采后220天贮藏期内不同贮藏方式下(去叶立放、去叶平放、带叶立放、带叶平放、金字塔型)水份含量、总糖含量、还原糖含量、总酸含量、淀粉含量、纤维含量(以干基计)、失水率、呼吸强度、蔗糖合成酶、蔗糖磷酸合成酶的变化;同时采用高效液相色谱法对甜高粱茎秆中的蔗糖、果糖、葡萄糖含量进行了测定;对甜高粱茎秆发酵乙醇的最佳发酵条件包括接种量、发酵温度、发酵时间、初始pH、料液比、无机盐的添加对乙醇发酵的影响进行了研究。同时进行了甜高粱茎秆采后不同贮藏方式下整体贮藏期间的乙醇发酵试验。结果如下:不同生长期生理指标的变化:两品种甜高粱茎秆水份、总糖、还原糖、蔗糖、果糖、葡萄糖、总酸、淀粉、粗纤维含量均随着收获期临近逐渐增加,而由抽穗期到成熟期,各种指标含量出现积累现象,增加幅度较大;而由成熟期到完熟期,各项指标增长速度变慢;而蔗糖合成酶、蔗糖磷酸合成酶在抽穗期略低,成熟期和完熟期略有回升;且在各个生长时期,3号甜高粱茎秆的各项指标始终比4号茎秆高。贮藏期间生理指标变化:在整体贮藏期间内,所有贮藏方式下,3号和4号甜高粱茎秆水分、总糖、蔗糖、果糖、葡萄糖、淀粉、纤维(以干基计)、蔗糖合成酶、蔗糖磷酸合成酶含量均总体呈下降趋势,总酸含量、失水率均呈上升趋势,呼吸强度先下降后上升;而还原糖呈“双峰”型即上升-下降-上升-下降趋势。同一种贮藏方式下3号甜高粱茎秆的各项指标(失水率、呼吸强度除外)含量始终比4号茎秆高。在整体贮藏期,茎秆水分、总糖、还原糖、蔗糖、果糖、葡萄糖、淀粉、纤维(以干基计)、蔗糖合成酶、蔗糖磷酸合成酶含量由高到低依次为整秆去叶立放>整秆去叶平放>整秆带叶立放>整秆带叶平放>金字塔五层>金字塔四层>金字塔三层>金字塔双层>金字塔一层。而失水率变化则与上述趋势相反。在整体贮藏期间,整秆型茎秆呼吸强度比金字塔型高;对于总酸来说,整秆型及金字塔型在0-130 d时呈上升趋势,整秆型在130-220 d呈整体下降趋势,而金字塔型贮藏方式在130-220 d则呈上升趋势。甜高粱茎秆固态发酵发酵最佳工艺条件:接种量5 %(v/w)、发酵时间48 h、发酵温度30℃、料液比14:1、pH4.0;无机盐添加试验:添加0.3 % (NH_4)_2SO_4、0.2 % KH_2PO_4、0.1 % MgSO_4、0.1 %纤维素酶、0.08 %糖化酶,最终酒精度可达7.2 %(v/v)。
The new sorghum No.3 and No.4 sweet sorghum stalk selected by Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Science were used as the trial material, and their physiological parameters content, including water, total sugar, reduce sugar, total acidity, starch,fiber,dehydration rate, respiration rate, Sucrose Synthase(SS) and Sucrose Phosphate Synthase(SPS) activity were studied under different storage conditions (defoliation stand, defoliation lie, leaf stand, leaf lie, pyramid type) both in different growth periods(jointing stage, maturity stage,full ripeness stage) and in 220 days storage periods. Fermatation technology also were studied.The results showed that: in different growth period: the parameters above except the SS and SPS activity showed an increasing tendency during the whole growth periods, the increasing rate was significantly from the jointing stage to the maturity stage.however both SS activity and SPS activity were lowest in maturity stage, and highest in jointing stage. The parameters tested of No.3 new sorghum were significantly higher than No.4 new sweet sorghum during the whole growth periods. During whole storage period: the parameters above except reduce sugar and total acidity content, dehydration rate, respiration rate showed a decreasing tendency, and the reduce sugar content showed a”double peak”tendency upon the whole storage method.The parameters tested except dehydration rate, respiration rate of No.3 new sorghum were significantly higher than No.4 new sweet sorghum. As the storage time goes on, the content of parameters except the total acidity, dehydration rate, respiration rate from highest to lowest was defoliation stand-defoliation lie-leaf stand-leaf lie- pyramid type 5th- pyramid type 4th- pyramid type 3rd- pyramid type 2nd - pyramid type 1st in the whole storage period,while dehydration rate showed the opposite tendency. Respiration rate of the whole stalk types was higher than the pyramid type during the whole growth periods. the Total acidity content of pyramid type was higher than the whole stalk types during the whole storage period, in 0-130 d total acidity content showed an increasing tendency, and in 130-220 d the whole stalk types showed a decreasing tendency while the pyramid type showed an decrease- increase tendency.The optimal Solid- State fermentation condition for the sweet sorghum stalk are: inoculum 5 %(v/w), fermentation time 48 h,temperature 30℃, the sweet sorghum stalk water ratio 14:1, pH 4.0, 0.3 %(NH_4)_2SO_4,0.2 %KH_2PO_4,0.1 %MgSO_4,0.1 % cellulase, 0.08 % glucoamylase,the ethanol yield can reach to 7.2%(v/v).
The new sorghum No.3 and No.4 sweet sorghum stalk selected by Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Science were used as the trial material, and their physiological parameters content, including water, total sugar, reduce sugar, total acidity, starch,fiber,dehydration rate, respiration rate, Sucrose Synthase(SS) and Sucrose Phosphate Synthase(SPS) activity were studied under different storage conditions (defoliation stand, defoliation lie, leaf stand, leaf lie, pyramid type) both in different growth periods(jointing stage, maturity stage,full ripeness stage) and in 220 days storage periods. Fermatation technology also were studied.The results showed that: in different growth period: the parameters above except the SS and SPS activity showed an increasing tendency during the whole growth periods, the increasing rate was significantly from the jointing stage to the maturity stage.however both SS activity and SPS activity were lowest in maturity stage, and highest in jointing stage. The parameters tested of No.3 new sorghum were significantly higher than No.4 new sweet sorghum during the whole growth periods. During whole storage period: the parameters above except reduce sugar and total acidity content, dehydration rate, respiration rate showed a decreasing tendency, and the reduce sugar content showed a”double peak”tendency upon the whole storage method.The parameters tested except dehydration rate, respiration rate of No.3 new sorghum were significantly higher than No.4 new sweet sorghum. As the storage time goes on, the content of parameters except the total acidity, dehydration rate, respiration rate from highest to lowest was defoliation stand-defoliation lie-leaf stand-leaf lie- pyramid type 5th- pyramid type 4th- pyramid type 3rd- pyramid type 2nd - pyramid type 1st in the whole storage period,while dehydration rate showed the opposite tendency. Respiration rate of the whole stalk types was higher than the pyramid type during the whole growth periods. the Total acidity content of pyramid type was higher than the whole stalk types during the whole storage period, in 0-130 d total acidity content showed an increasing tendency, and in 130-220 d the whole stalk types showed a decreasing tendency while the pyramid type showed an decrease- increase tendency.The optimal Solid- State fermentation condition for the sweet sorghum stalk are: inoculum 5 %(v/w), fermentation time 48 h,temperature 30℃, the sweet sorghum stalk water ratio 14:1, pH 4.0, 0.3 %(NH_4)_2SO_4,0.2 %KH_2PO_4,0.1 %MgSO_4,0.1 % cellulase, 0.08 % glucoamylase,the ethanol yield can reach to 7.2%(v/v).
引文
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