基于CORBA的分布式应用系统研究
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摘要
通信技术和计算机技术的发展推动网络应用朝着支持多种媒体和多点交互，具有分布式控制结构和服务质量(Quality of Service，QOS)保证的高性能网络应用方向发展。分布是高性能网络主要特征之一，分布式应用几乎涉及网络应用的全部，在航天、航空、电信、医疗、金融等领域日益发挥出重要作用。但是，传统的客户／服务(Client／Server)模式已不能满足高性能网络应用的需求。分布式应用能够提供更强的计算机处理能力和透明的数据访问，同时满足高性能和高可靠性的要求，因此，分布式应用系统的设计与开发日益成为理论研究和工程应用的热点之一。
本文结合分布式系统理论、分布式对象技术、公共对象请求代理体系结构(Common Object Request Broker Architecture，CORBA)和可扩展标记语言(eXtended Marked Language，XML)对分布式应用的设计与开发进行了较深入的研究。首先介绍分布式应用系统的研究背景与意义、对分布式对象技术及其三个主要标准作了总结，其中详细讨论了CORBA的体系结构、ORB、IDL语言和服务。然后从协议与服务、通信、服务端体系结构、并发性和可配置性五个方面分析了分布式系统的构建，并讨论了在系统设计和开发中需要注意的问题。最后，给出基于CORBA原型系统的设计与实现，提出了分布式环境下的系统设计与实现的原则，并分析了动态负载分配和团队机制对系统性能和可靠性的影响。对原型系统的测试表明基于CORBA的分布式应用系统在性能、可扩展性和可靠性方面与客户／服务模式相比具有独特的优越性。
The support of multimedia, multipoint interact, distributed control and ensured QOS will be the most important characteristics of network application in future because of the rapid development of communication and computer technology. Distributed application has been more and more popular in many fields, such as space-flight, aviation, telecom, medical treatment, finance and so on. However, it is difficult for the classical Client/Server architecture to meet the demand of high performance network application. Distributed system model takes the concept of client/server to its natural conclusion. It can provide better flexibility, reliability and compute capability. Now the design and development of distributed application systems has attracted many researchers.
In this paper, theories about distributed system, CORBA and XML are systematically reviewed, and aspects of system design and development using CORBA are discussed. First, the background of distributed application system is introduced, and the technology of distributed object and three main standards are summarized especially the architecture of CORBA, ORB and IDL. Secondly, the construct of distributed system is analyzed through five aspects, namely protocol and service, communication, the architecture of server, concurrency and configuration. At the same time, the matters involved system design and development are presented. In the end, the prototype system based on CORBA and some design principles are proposed, and the effects of dynamic load distribution and group mechanism on system performance and reliability are analyzed. The experiment results show that the distributed system based CORBA is superior to the Client/Server model in performance, flexibility and reliability.
本文结合分布式系统理论、分布式对象技术、公共对象请求代理体系结构(Common Object Request Broker Architecture，CORBA)和可扩展标记语言(eXtended Marked Language，XML)对分布式应用的设计与开发进行了较深入的研究。首先介绍分布式应用系统的研究背景与意义、对分布式对象技术及其三个主要标准作了总结，其中详细讨论了CORBA的体系结构、ORB、IDL语言和服务。然后从协议与服务、通信、服务端体系结构、并发性和可配置性五个方面分析了分布式系统的构建，并讨论了在系统设计和开发中需要注意的问题。最后，给出基于CORBA原型系统的设计与实现，提出了分布式环境下的系统设计与实现的原则，并分析了动态负载分配和团队机制对系统性能和可靠性的影响。对原型系统的测试表明基于CORBA的分布式应用系统在性能、可扩展性和可靠性方面与客户／服务模式相比具有独特的优越性。
The support of multimedia, multipoint interact, distributed control and ensured QOS will be the most important characteristics of network application in future because of the rapid development of communication and computer technology. Distributed application has been more and more popular in many fields, such as space-flight, aviation, telecom, medical treatment, finance and so on. However, it is difficult for the classical Client/Server architecture to meet the demand of high performance network application. Distributed system model takes the concept of client/server to its natural conclusion. It can provide better flexibility, reliability and compute capability. Now the design and development of distributed application systems has attracted many researchers.
In this paper, theories about distributed system, CORBA and XML are systematically reviewed, and aspects of system design and development using CORBA are discussed. First, the background of distributed application system is introduced, and the technology of distributed object and three main standards are summarized especially the architecture of CORBA, ORB and IDL. Secondly, the construct of distributed system is analyzed through five aspects, namely protocol and service, communication, the architecture of server, concurrency and configuration. At the same time, the matters involved system design and development are presented. In the end, the prototype system based on CORBA and some design principles are proposed, and the effects of dynamic load distribution and group mechanism on system performance and reliability are analyzed. The experiment results show that the distributed system based CORBA is superior to the Client/Server model in performance, flexibility and reliability.
引文
[1]Andrew T. Campbell, A Quality of Service Architecture, A thesis submitted to the Lancaster University, for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, 1996
[2]Andrew S．Tanenbaum，Computer Networks，3rd，清华大学出版社影印，2000
[3]Bruce Eckel, Thinking In Java, http://www.BruceEckel.com
[4]Darrell Brunch, Carlos Ryan, and Douglas C. Schmidt, Designing an Efficient and Scalable Server-side Asynchrony Model for CORBA, Department of Computer Engineering, University of California, 2000
[5]Douglas C. Schmidt, Object Interconnections, C++ Report magazine, 2000
[6]Douglas C Schmidt, Developing Distributed Object Computing Applications with CORBA, http://www.cs.wustl.edu/schmidt/corba. html
[7]Douglas Schmidt, Object-Oriented Network Programming, www.cs.wustl.edu, 2000
[8]John D. Poole, Model-Driven Architecture: Vision, Standards And Emerging Technologies, Position Paper Submitted to ECOOP 2001 Workshop on Metamodeling and Adaptive Object Models, 2001
[9]Kurt Wallnau, Nelson Weiderman, etc. Linda Northrop, Distributed Object Technology With CORBA and Java: Key Concepts and Implications, Software Engineering Institute of Carnegie Mellon University, 1997
[10]Katia B. Saikoski, Lee Johnston, etc., Towards a Configurable and Reconfigurable Component-Based Group Service, Technical Report MPG-99-22,1999
[11]Marshall Brain and Christopher McGee, Using CORBA to Create Client/Server Applications, DevJournal, 1999
[12]Mary Shaw, David Garlan, Software Architecture, 清华大学出版社影印, 1998
[13]Microsoft COM home page, http://www.microsoft.com/com/default.asp
[14]OMG, The Common Object Request Broker, Architecture and Specification, 2001
[15]OMG, CORBA Services: Common Object Services Specification, 19984
[16]OMG, Transaction Service Specification, 2000
[17]Ossama Othman, Carlos O'Ryan, and Douglas C. Schmidt, An Efficient Adaptive Load Balancing Service for CORBA, the Distributed Systems Engineering Journal's "Online" edition, 2000
[18]Sam, Teach Yourself CORBA In 14 Days, Macmillan Computer Publishing,1997
[19]Steve Vinoski, New Features for CORBA 3.0, Communications of the ACM, Vol.41, No. 10, 1998.
[20]Sun Microsystems Inc, JavaBeans, http://java.sun.com/beans
[21]Vasiliki Kalogeraki, Resource Management for Real-Time Fault-Tolerant Distributed Systems, A thesis submitted to the University of California, for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, 2000
[22]OMG编，韦乐平等译，CORBA系统结构、原理与规范，电子工业出版社，2000
[23]Michi Henning，Steve Vinoski，徐金梧等译，基于C++CORBA高级编程，清华大学出版社，2000
[24]李师贤，郑红等译，CORBA企业解决方案，机械工业出版社，2001
[25]Wu Jie著，高传善等译，分布式系统设计，机械工业出版社，2001
[26]黄铠 徐志伟著，陆鑫达等译，可扩展并行计算技术、结构与编程，机械工
业出版社，2000
[27]李文军，周晓聪等译，VisiBroker For Java开发人员指南，机械工业出版社，2000
[28]从容译，进程与协议，中国电力出版社，2001
[29]顾冠群 沈苏彬等，高性能网络体系结构及其关键技术，计算机世界，No．43，2000
[30]郭乐深，刘锦德，基于团队机制的高可用性分布式系统的研究与实现，小型微型计算机系统，Vol．21，No．7，pp：25-30，2000
[31]李刚，金茂忠，分布式对象综述，小型微型计算机系统，Vol．22，No．1，PP：100-103，2001
[32]颜雄雄，全春来等，基于CORBA的企业应用集成技术研究，计算机工程与设计，Vol．21，No．1，pp：25-30，2000
[33]沈军营，黄进等，基于CORBA的异地协同工作流模式，计算机应用，Vol．19，No．9，1999
[34]宋晓梁，刘东生等，中间件及其在三层客户机／服务器模型中的应用，计算机应用，Vol．19，No．7，1999
[35]刘锦德，苏森，CORBA技术的新发展，计算机应用，Vol．19，No．5，pp：5-8，1999
[36]李小燕，刘敬军等，基于CORBA封装已有系统实现信息系统集成，计算机工程与设计，Vol．21，No．1，pp：5-9，2000
[37]张鹏昌，李海荣等，基于CORBA系统性能管理的实现，计算机工程，Vol．26，No．3，PP：22-23，30，2000
[2]Andrew S．Tanenbaum，Computer Networks，3rd，清华大学出版社影印，2000
[3]Bruce Eckel, Thinking In Java, http://www.BruceEckel.com
[4]Darrell Brunch, Carlos Ryan, and Douglas C. Schmidt, Designing an Efficient and Scalable Server-side Asynchrony Model for CORBA, Department of Computer Engineering, University of California, 2000
[5]Douglas C. Schmidt, Object Interconnections, C++ Report magazine, 2000
[6]Douglas C Schmidt, Developing Distributed Object Computing Applications with CORBA, http://www.cs.wustl.edu/schmidt/corba. html
[7]Douglas Schmidt, Object-Oriented Network Programming, www.cs.wustl.edu, 2000
[8]John D. Poole, Model-Driven Architecture: Vision, Standards And Emerging Technologies, Position Paper Submitted to ECOOP 2001 Workshop on Metamodeling and Adaptive Object Models, 2001
[9]Kurt Wallnau, Nelson Weiderman, etc. Linda Northrop, Distributed Object Technology With CORBA and Java: Key Concepts and Implications, Software Engineering Institute of Carnegie Mellon University, 1997
[10]Katia B. Saikoski, Lee Johnston, etc., Towards a Configurable and Reconfigurable Component-Based Group Service, Technical Report MPG-99-22,1999
[11]Marshall Brain and Christopher McGee, Using CORBA to Create Client/Server Applications, DevJournal, 1999
[12]Mary Shaw, David Garlan, Software Architecture, 清华大学出版社影印, 1998
[13]Microsoft COM home page, http://www.microsoft.com/com/default.asp
[14]OMG, The Common Object Request Broker, Architecture and Specification, 2001
[15]OMG, CORBA Services: Common Object Services Specification, 19984
[16]OMG, Transaction Service Specification, 2000
[17]Ossama Othman, Carlos O'Ryan, and Douglas C. Schmidt, An Efficient Adaptive Load Balancing Service for CORBA, the Distributed Systems Engineering Journal's "Online" edition, 2000
[18]Sam, Teach Yourself CORBA In 14 Days, Macmillan Computer Publishing,1997
[19]Steve Vinoski, New Features for CORBA 3.0, Communications of the ACM, Vol.41, No. 10, 1998.
[20]Sun Microsystems Inc, JavaBeans, http://java.sun.com/beans
[21]Vasiliki Kalogeraki, Resource Management for Real-Time Fault-Tolerant Distributed Systems, A thesis submitted to the University of California, for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, 2000
[22]OMG编，韦乐平等译，CORBA系统结构、原理与规范，电子工业出版社，2000
[23]Michi Henning，Steve Vinoski，徐金梧等译，基于C++CORBA高级编程，清华大学出版社，2000
[24]李师贤，郑红等译，CORBA企业解决方案，机械工业出版社，2001
[25]Wu Jie著，高传善等译，分布式系统设计，机械工业出版社，2001
[26]黄铠 徐志伟著，陆鑫达等译，可扩展并行计算技术、结构与编程，机械工
业出版社，2000
[27]李文军，周晓聪等译，VisiBroker For Java开发人员指南，机械工业出版社，2000
[28]从容译，进程与协议，中国电力出版社，2001
[29]顾冠群 沈苏彬等，高性能网络体系结构及其关键技术，计算机世界，No．43，2000
[30]郭乐深，刘锦德，基于团队机制的高可用性分布式系统的研究与实现，小型微型计算机系统，Vol．21，No．7，pp：25-30，2000
[31]李刚，金茂忠，分布式对象综述，小型微型计算机系统，Vol．22，No．1，PP：100-103，2001
[32]颜雄雄，全春来等，基于CORBA的企业应用集成技术研究，计算机工程与设计，Vol．21，No．1，pp：25-30，2000
[33]沈军营，黄进等，基于CORBA的异地协同工作流模式，计算机应用，Vol．19，No．9，1999
[34]宋晓梁，刘东生等，中间件及其在三层客户机／服务器模型中的应用，计算机应用，Vol．19，No．7，1999
[35]刘锦德，苏森，CORBA技术的新发展，计算机应用，Vol．19，No．5，pp：5-8，1999
[36]李小燕，刘敬军等，基于CORBA封装已有系统实现信息系统集成，计算机工程与设计，Vol．21，No．1，pp：5-9，2000
[37]张鹏昌，李海荣等，基于CORBA系统性能管理的实现，计算机工程，Vol．26，No．3，PP：22-23，30，2000