分布式远程教育平台与智能社区平台关键技术研究
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摘要
本课题主要研究智能社区平台和远程教育平台的开发。作者在开发过程中，针对目前中国网络条件以及实际使用过程中的客户需求，对以下一些关键性的问题进行了研究和实现。
第一，针对远程教育平台和智能社区平台的特殊性，平台不仅仅提供简单的Web服务，同时提供其他服务例如视频服务等，并且用户的访问量非常大，对系统的稳定性和容错性要求很高，作者提出了采用分布式服务器集群方案。通过对比目前市场中的集群服务器的性能和价格，采用了目前流行的Linux操作系统，完成了服务器集群的实现工作，并编写了服务器集群的监控软件，使得服务器更好的为用户服务。
第二，针对智能社区的社区网络特点，提出了智能Cache以及基于内容的网络信息搜索新概念。作者经过查阅大量国外资料，经过深入的研究，完成了初步的基于内容的网络资源搜索，并实现了基于网关的智能Cache技术。由于基于内容的网络信息搜索是一个新的概念，而且由于受中文切词、HTTP的不规范性等难题限制，还需要进一步的加以研究。
第三，在远程教育平台的开发过程中，进行了用户网络服务有关技术的研究，完成了一些关键技术的解决方案。采用自适应带宽的流媒体技术、同步和异步的网络信息发布技术以及基于流的网络压缩技术；并完成了基于服务器的内码转换以及网络资源的加密和保护机制。
第四，针对远程教育平台的个性化定制需求大的特点，在平台的开发过程中研究了如何实现平台的可移植性和可定制性。研究了流行的XML新技术在网络平台中的应用，并通过和JSP开发语言的结合讨论了如何解决目前异性数据库的数据共享问题。
作者通过以上关键技术的研究和实现，完成了网梯智能社区平台以及网梯远程教育通用平台。其中远程教育通用平台通过了北京市科委组织的专家组鉴定，获得一致推荐，并且已经为国内八所院校提供网络远程教育。
This paper is based on the research work of development of Platform of Intelligent Community and development of Distance Education Platform. The author put forward and realized the following innovative research ideas on several key problems during the development.
First, due to the speciality of Intelligent Community and Distance Education that the platforms not only provide Web service, but also provide other services such as video service, and whaty is more, the scability of platform is of great importance for the huge end-user accesses, the author put forward the method of adopting distributed clustering servers. After intensive study of knowledge of Distributed Systems and analysis of comparable products, the author realized the set-up of clustering servers under Linux, and developed relative softwares that can be used to monitor and manage clustering servers.
Second, Intelligent Community needs broadband network service, which makes the author to bring about innovative idea of Content-based Search Engine and Intelligent Cache Agent. After searching and studying relative materials inland and abroad, the author finished initial research work of Conent-based Search Engine and realized Intelligent Cache Agent. However, content-based search engine is a new idea, and is limited by difficulty of Literal Explicit of Chinese Words and irregularity of protocal of HTML, the advanced research work is still on its way to successful resolvment.
Third, based on realistic requirement and needs, the author resolved several key problems in the development of Distance Education Platform. The author adopted technology of Self-adaptive Multimedia Stream, synchronized and unsynchronied information communications and stream-based compression. Moreover, the author implemented automatic transmissions of different language Char-codes and authenticity and protection of network resource.
Finally, the author studied how to make development of Platform more transplantable and more modularized. The author adopted the more and more
popular XML techonology and dissucused how to develope platfor with the joint of XML and JSP, especially on how to resolve the data-sharing among hetero-structured DBMSs.
Through research work and realization of above key technologies, the author finished the development of Intelligent Community platform and Distance Education platform. The Distance Education platform was formally identified by expert group organized by Science & Technology Committee, Beijing Municipal Government, and was given high evaluation. It was on its services to above 8 universities in China till now.
第一，针对远程教育平台和智能社区平台的特殊性，平台不仅仅提供简单的Web服务，同时提供其他服务例如视频服务等，并且用户的访问量非常大，对系统的稳定性和容错性要求很高，作者提出了采用分布式服务器集群方案。通过对比目前市场中的集群服务器的性能和价格，采用了目前流行的Linux操作系统，完成了服务器集群的实现工作，并编写了服务器集群的监控软件，使得服务器更好的为用户服务。
第二，针对智能社区的社区网络特点，提出了智能Cache以及基于内容的网络信息搜索新概念。作者经过查阅大量国外资料，经过深入的研究，完成了初步的基于内容的网络资源搜索，并实现了基于网关的智能Cache技术。由于基于内容的网络信息搜索是一个新的概念，而且由于受中文切词、HTTP的不规范性等难题限制，还需要进一步的加以研究。
第三，在远程教育平台的开发过程中，进行了用户网络服务有关技术的研究，完成了一些关键技术的解决方案。采用自适应带宽的流媒体技术、同步和异步的网络信息发布技术以及基于流的网络压缩技术；并完成了基于服务器的内码转换以及网络资源的加密和保护机制。
第四，针对远程教育平台的个性化定制需求大的特点，在平台的开发过程中研究了如何实现平台的可移植性和可定制性。研究了流行的XML新技术在网络平台中的应用，并通过和JSP开发语言的结合讨论了如何解决目前异性数据库的数据共享问题。
作者通过以上关键技术的研究和实现，完成了网梯智能社区平台以及网梯远程教育通用平台。其中远程教育通用平台通过了北京市科委组织的专家组鉴定，获得一致推荐，并且已经为国内八所院校提供网络远程教育。
This paper is based on the research work of development of Platform of Intelligent Community and development of Distance Education Platform. The author put forward and realized the following innovative research ideas on several key problems during the development.
First, due to the speciality of Intelligent Community and Distance Education that the platforms not only provide Web service, but also provide other services such as video service, and whaty is more, the scability of platform is of great importance for the huge end-user accesses, the author put forward the method of adopting distributed clustering servers. After intensive study of knowledge of Distributed Systems and analysis of comparable products, the author realized the set-up of clustering servers under Linux, and developed relative softwares that can be used to monitor and manage clustering servers.
Second, Intelligent Community needs broadband network service, which makes the author to bring about innovative idea of Content-based Search Engine and Intelligent Cache Agent. After searching and studying relative materials inland and abroad, the author finished initial research work of Conent-based Search Engine and realized Intelligent Cache Agent. However, content-based search engine is a new idea, and is limited by difficulty of Literal Explicit of Chinese Words and irregularity of protocal of HTML, the advanced research work is still on its way to successful resolvment.
Third, based on realistic requirement and needs, the author resolved several key problems in the development of Distance Education Platform. The author adopted technology of Self-adaptive Multimedia Stream, synchronized and unsynchronied information communications and stream-based compression. Moreover, the author implemented automatic transmissions of different language Char-codes and authenticity and protection of network resource.
Finally, the author studied how to make development of Platform more transplantable and more modularized. The author adopted the more and more
popular XML techonology and dissucused how to develope platfor with the joint of XML and JSP, especially on how to resolve the data-sharing among hetero-structured DBMSs.
Through research work and realization of above key technologies, the author finished the development of Intelligent Community platform and Distance Education platform. The Distance Education platform was formally identified by expert group organized by Science & Technology Committee, Beijing Municipal Government, and was given high evaluation. It was on its services to above 8 universities in China till now.
引文
[1] 张宏任. 中国未来呼唤网络远程教育. 科学时报大学周刊, 2001,4:B2版
[2] 中国互联网络信息中心. 中国互联网络发展状况统计报告(2001/1). 2001,1:1~3.
[3] www.linuxvirtualserver，High-Availability, Linux Virtual Server Project organization,1999
[4] K. Shen and E. J. Delp, "A Spatial-Temporal Parallel Approach For Real-Time MPEG Video Compression," Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Parallel Processing, August 13-15, 1996
[5] A. Ghafoor, "Multimedia Database Management: Perspectives and Challenges," in Lecture Notes in Computer Science. (Advances in Databases, Edited by C. Goble, and J. Kean), Vol. 940:12-23
[6] 储荷婷, 张晓林, 王芳. Internet网络信息检索-原理、工具、技巧. 北京：清华出版社，1999,10:13~15.
[7] 刑东山，沈钧毅. 基于Internet/Intranet的远程实时信息系统的构造. 计算机工程与设计 2001,10:22(5)
[8] David Pallmann. Microsoft Visual C++中的编程 Bots、Spiders 和智能代理. 北京：Microsoft Press. 1999,9:73~75.
[9] W3C. Document Object Model (DOM) Level 2 Specification Version 1.0. W3C Candidate Recommendation. 2000,5:21~22.
[10] W3C. HTML 4.01 Specification W3C Recommendation. 1999,12:64~68.
[11] Yiming Yang. An Evaluation of statistical approaches to text categorization. Journal of Information Retrieval, 1999, 1(1/2):67~88.
[12] JONES, Russell. Chinese Names: The Traditions Surrounding the Use of Chinese Surnames and Personal Names. In: Pelanduk Publications, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia, 1997:2~4.
[13] M. Ackerman, D. Billsus, S. Gaffney, et al. Learning probabilistic user profiles: Applications to finding interesting web sites, notifying users of relevant changes to web pages, and locating grant opportunities. In: AI Magazine, 18(2), 1997:47~56.
[14] 朱晓芸，何钦铭. 一种基于智能Agent的协同工作模型 [J]. 计算机应用， 1999,19（6）
[15] 陈建中，刘大有. 智能Agent建模的一种模板结构. 计算机研究与发展，1999，36（10）
[16] Louise Guthrie, Elbert Walker. Document classification by machine: Theory and practice. In: In Proceedings of COLING-94, 1994:4~5.
[17] Pederson. J. O., Wiener, E., Weigned, A. S. A Neural Network Approach to Topic Spotting, In Proceedings of The Fourth Annual Symposium on Document Analysis and Information Retrieval, (SDAIR'95), 1995:13~14.
[18] David D. Lewis. Text representation for intelligent text Retrieval: a classification-orientated view. In: Text-Based Intelligent Systems. Lawrence Erlbaum, 1992:3~4.
[19] Thorsten Joachims. A probabilistic analysis of the Rocchio algorithm with TFIDF for text categorization. In: Technical Report CMU-CS-96-118, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, March 1996:2~4.
[20] e-Business Advisor，ZIP Data Compression w/ Java，J9 Consulting ( http://www.j-nine.com )，August 2000
[21] 梁向阳. 电子商务中的加密技术. 安康师专学报, 2001,13(2):50～53
[22] Erich Gamma, Richard Helm, Ralph Johnson, et al. 设计模式：可复用面向对象软件的基础(李英军等译). 北京：机械工业出版社. 2000,9:9~10.
[23] Network Working Group. RFC2068. Hypertext Transfer Protocol -- HTTP/1.1. Network Working Group . 1997,1.
[24] Network Working Group. RFC2068. Hypertext Transfer Protocol -- HTTP/1.0. Network Working Group . 1996,5.
[25] Sun Microsystems. JDBC Specification 1.20. Sun Microsystems. 1997,1.
[26] Craig Russell, Sun Microsystems. Java Data Objects (JDO) Specification, proposed final draft. Sun Microsystems. 2001.
[27] Cay S.Horstmann Gary Cornell. Java 2核心技术 卷2：高级特性(邓光伟 李丙午等译). 北京：机械工业出版社. 2000,11:23~41.
[28] Bruce Eckel. Thinking in Java, 2nd Edition. 2001:202~203.
[29] Sun Microsystems. JSP Specification 1.1. Sun Microsystems. 2000.
[30] 钟瑜伟,郭志刚. XML技术在基于Web的网络管理中的应用. 数据通信, 2000,5:24~26
[31] 方忠. JSP技术及其在动态网页发布技术中的应用. 微型机与应用, 2000,8:12~14
[2] 中国互联网络信息中心. 中国互联网络发展状况统计报告(2001/1). 2001,1:1~3.
[3] www.linuxvirtualserver，High-Availability, Linux Virtual Server Project organization,1999
[4] K. Shen and E. J. Delp, "A Spatial-Temporal Parallel Approach For Real-Time MPEG Video Compression," Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Parallel Processing, August 13-15, 1996
[5] A. Ghafoor, "Multimedia Database Management: Perspectives and Challenges," in Lecture Notes in Computer Science. (Advances in Databases, Edited by C. Goble, and J. Kean), Vol. 940:12-23
[6] 储荷婷, 张晓林, 王芳. Internet网络信息检索-原理、工具、技巧. 北京：清华出版社，1999,10:13~15.
[7] 刑东山，沈钧毅. 基于Internet/Intranet的远程实时信息系统的构造. 计算机工程与设计 2001,10:22(5)
[8] David Pallmann. Microsoft Visual C++中的编程 Bots、Spiders 和智能代理. 北京：Microsoft Press. 1999,9:73~75.
[9] W3C. Document Object Model (DOM) Level 2 Specification Version 1.0. W3C Candidate Recommendation. 2000,5:21~22.
[10] W3C. HTML 4.01 Specification W3C Recommendation. 1999,12:64~68.
[11] Yiming Yang. An Evaluation of statistical approaches to text categorization. Journal of Information Retrieval, 1999, 1(1/2):67~88.
[12] JONES, Russell. Chinese Names: The Traditions Surrounding the Use of Chinese Surnames and Personal Names. In: Pelanduk Publications, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia, 1997:2~4.
[13] M. Ackerman, D. Billsus, S. Gaffney, et al. Learning probabilistic user profiles: Applications to finding interesting web sites, notifying users of relevant changes to web pages, and locating grant opportunities. In: AI Magazine, 18(2), 1997:47~56.
[14] 朱晓芸，何钦铭. 一种基于智能Agent的协同工作模型 [J]. 计算机应用， 1999,19（6）
[15] 陈建中，刘大有. 智能Agent建模的一种模板结构. 计算机研究与发展，1999，36（10）
[16] Louise Guthrie, Elbert Walker. Document classification by machine: Theory and practice. In: In Proceedings of COLING-94, 1994:4~5.
[17] Pederson. J. O., Wiener, E., Weigned, A. S. A Neural Network Approach to Topic Spotting, In Proceedings of The Fourth Annual Symposium on Document Analysis and Information Retrieval, (SDAIR'95), 1995:13~14.
[18] David D. Lewis. Text representation for intelligent text Retrieval: a classification-orientated view. In: Text-Based Intelligent Systems. Lawrence Erlbaum, 1992:3~4.
[19] Thorsten Joachims. A probabilistic analysis of the Rocchio algorithm with TFIDF for text categorization. In: Technical Report CMU-CS-96-118, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, March 1996:2~4.
[20] e-Business Advisor，ZIP Data Compression w/ Java，J9 Consulting ( http://www.j-nine.com )，August 2000
[21] 梁向阳. 电子商务中的加密技术. 安康师专学报, 2001,13(2):50～53
[22] Erich Gamma, Richard Helm, Ralph Johnson, et al. 设计模式：可复用面向对象软件的基础(李英军等译). 北京：机械工业出版社. 2000,9:9~10.
[23] Network Working Group. RFC2068. Hypertext Transfer Protocol -- HTTP/1.1. Network Working Group . 1997,1.
[24] Network Working Group. RFC2068. Hypertext Transfer Protocol -- HTTP/1.0. Network Working Group . 1996,5.
[25] Sun Microsystems. JDBC Specification 1.20. Sun Microsystems. 1997,1.
[26] Craig Russell, Sun Microsystems. Java Data Objects (JDO) Specification, proposed final draft. Sun Microsystems. 2001.
[27] Cay S.Horstmann Gary Cornell. Java 2核心技术 卷2：高级特性(邓光伟 李丙午等译). 北京：机械工业出版社. 2000,11:23~41.
[28] Bruce Eckel. Thinking in Java, 2nd Edition. 2001:202~203.
[29] Sun Microsystems. JSP Specification 1.1. Sun Microsystems. 2000.
[30] 钟瑜伟,郭志刚. XML技术在基于Web的网络管理中的应用. 数据通信, 2000,5:24~26
[31] 方忠. JSP技术及其在动态网页发布技术中的应用. 微型机与应用, 2000,8:12~14