企业家社会资本对企业绩效的影响研究
|
摘要
在企业经营管理范畴内,20世纪80年代后期,“社会资本”的提出给解释企业发展及企业竞争优势的创造方面带来了新的视角。边燕杰和邱海雄(2000)认为企业社会资本的存量因产业不同而不同,Yadong Luo和Seung Ho Park (2001)认为因企业的所有权类型、规模、产业和行业增长速度的不同企业家社会资本对企业绩效的作用也有不同。笔者以前在医药公司工作,认识到医药企业因企业家社会资本的差异而造成业绩上的很大差别,笔者拟选取医药行业上市公司作为研究样本,结合企业家理论,从社会资本角度来研究医药企业中企业家社会资本对绩效的影响。
本文从企业经营过程中现金流回收的视角来探讨(医药行业企业)企业家社会资本功效。通过文献分析法、数据分析法等建立理论假设模型,对企业家社会资本与企业盈利绩效和营运绩效作回归实证分析,结果表明：(1)企业家政府关系虽然促进企业商品销售,提升企业外部供销合作关系,但是企业家政府关系的提升却会降低账款回收效率和企业盈利绩效。(2)企业家横向关系和社会关系(声誉)对销售商品都有促进作用,而在账款回收方面,企业家声誉起着正的促进作用,横向市场关系表现为负作用。(3)国有性质企业在市场中仍处于优势地位,尤其是货款回收方面。
In the context of business management,"social capital" brought a new perspective to explain the proposed business development and the creation of competitive advantage in the late 1980s. Bian and Qiu (2000) considered that the stock of corporate social capital varies by industry, Yadong Luo and Seung Ho Park (2001) thought that due to ownership of the business type, size, industry, and industry growth rate of different entrepreneurs, corporate social capital to the role of performance are also different. I worked in the pharmaceutical company previously, And I recognized the differences in social capital due to the performance of very different causes, so I intend to select the pharmaceutical industry as a research sample of listed companies, combined with entrepreneurial theory, from the perspective of social capital research in pharmaceutical companies entrepreneurs, social capital, the impact on business performance.
In this paper, I study entrepreneur social capital effect from the process of corporate marketing cash flow perspective of revenue (the pharmaceutical industry enterprise).Through literature analysis, data analysis and other theoretical assumptions established model of social capital to entrepreneurs and business performance and operating profit performance for regression analysis of empirical results show that:(1) although the relationship between entrepreneurial government to promote sales of enterprise products, enhance external supply and marketing cooperative relations, government relations, but the entrepreneurs to enhance recovery of accounts receivable would decrease the efficiency and profitability performance. (2) entrepreneur horizontal relationships and reputation have a role in promoting the sale of goods, and in the receivables recovery, entrepreneurs play a positive role in promoting the reputation and horizontal market relations showed negative effects. (3) the nature of state-owned enterprises in the market is still in a dominant position, particularly in terms of loan recovery.
本文从企业经营过程中现金流回收的视角来探讨(医药行业企业)企业家社会资本功效。通过文献分析法、数据分析法等建立理论假设模型,对企业家社会资本与企业盈利绩效和营运绩效作回归实证分析,结果表明：(1)企业家政府关系虽然促进企业商品销售,提升企业外部供销合作关系,但是企业家政府关系的提升却会降低账款回收效率和企业盈利绩效。(2)企业家横向关系和社会关系(声誉)对销售商品都有促进作用,而在账款回收方面,企业家声誉起着正的促进作用,横向市场关系表现为负作用。(3)国有性质企业在市场中仍处于优势地位,尤其是货款回收方面。
In the context of business management,"social capital" brought a new perspective to explain the proposed business development and the creation of competitive advantage in the late 1980s. Bian and Qiu (2000) considered that the stock of corporate social capital varies by industry, Yadong Luo and Seung Ho Park (2001) thought that due to ownership of the business type, size, industry, and industry growth rate of different entrepreneurs, corporate social capital to the role of performance are also different. I worked in the pharmaceutical company previously, And I recognized the differences in social capital due to the performance of very different causes, so I intend to select the pharmaceutical industry as a research sample of listed companies, combined with entrepreneurial theory, from the perspective of social capital research in pharmaceutical companies entrepreneurs, social capital, the impact on business performance.
In this paper, I study entrepreneur social capital effect from the process of corporate marketing cash flow perspective of revenue (the pharmaceutical industry enterprise).Through literature analysis, data analysis and other theoretical assumptions established model of social capital to entrepreneurs and business performance and operating profit performance for regression analysis of empirical results show that:(1) although the relationship between entrepreneurial government to promote sales of enterprise products, enhance external supply and marketing cooperative relations, government relations, but the entrepreneurs to enhance recovery of accounts receivable would decrease the efficiency and profitability performance. (2) entrepreneur horizontal relationships and reputation have a role in promoting the sale of goods, and in the receivables recovery, entrepreneurs play a positive role in promoting the reputation and horizontal market relations showed negative effects. (3) the nature of state-owned enterprises in the market is still in a dominant position, particularly in terms of loan recovery.
引文
[1]边燕杰,邱海雄.企业的社会资本及其功效[J].中国社会科学.2000,2：87～99
[2]Seung Ho Park, Yadong Luo. Guanxi and organizational dynamies Organizational networking in Chinese firms[J]. Strategic Management Journal. Chiehester,2001,22(5): 455-460
[3]萨伊.政治经济学概论[M].北京：商务印书馆,1982
[4]马歇尔.经济学原理(上)[M].北京：商务印书馆,1964
[5]伊迪斯·彭罗斯.企业成长理论[M].上海人民出版社,2007
[6]约瑟夫·A·熊彼特.经济发展理论[M].北京：商务印书馆,1990
[7]殷洪玲.企业家社会资本对其创业能力的影响研究[D].吉林大学,2009
[8]吕福新.企业家的角色人格：对企业家的哲理思考[M].经济管理出版社,2001
[9]罗宾斯.管理学(第9版)[M].中国人民大学出版社,2009
[10]周小虎.企业家社会资本及其对企业绩效的作用[J]. 《安徽师范大学学报》.2002,3(1)：1～6
[11]周小虎.企业社会资本与持续竞争优势[J].中国工业经济.2004,5：90～96
[12]Coleman J. S. Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital [M]. Oxford University Press Inc,1997:80-95
[13]Robert Putnam. Making Democracy Work[J]. Princeton University Press,1993
[14]G.C.Loury. Intergenerational Transfers and the Distribution of Earnings Econometrica,1977
[15]宋德舜.国有控股、最高决策者与公司绩效[J].中国工业经济,2004,(3)：91-98
[16]李路路.社会资本与私营企业家[J].社会学研究,1995(6)
[17]林南.社会资本——关于社会结构与行动的理论[M].上海人民出版社,2005
[18]石印秀.中国企业家成功的社会网络基础[J].管理世界,1998(6)：187～196
[19]石军伟.企业社会资本的功效机构——基于中国上市公司的实证研究[J].中国工业经济,2007(2)
[20]陈传明,周小虎.关于企业家若干资本的思考[J[.经济学研究,2001,11：25～31
[21]Bourdieu, Pierre. The Forms of Capital In J C Richardson, Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Education, New York: Greenwood Press,1983
[22]Portes, Alejandro and Sensenbrenner Julia,1993, Embeddedness and Immigration: Notes on the Social Capital Determinants of Economic Action, A2m erican Journal of Sociology,1998: 1320-1350
[23]HansWestlund, Roger Bolton.Local Social Capital and Entrepreneurship, Small Business Economics, Dordrecht,2003, (21):77-123
[24]James, S. Coleman,1990, Foundations of Social Theory, Cambridge, MA:Belknap
[25]Baker, W. Market Networks and Corporate Behavior, American Journal of Sociology,1990, (96):589-625
[26]Burt, R. S. Structural Holes:The Social Structure of Competition. Cambridge, MA:Harvard University Press,1992,35-44
[27]王林雪,刘喜梅.企业家社会资本转化为企业成长绩效的过程机理研究[J].西安电子科技大学学报(社会科学版)2011,21(1)：20～24
[28]Lin Nan. Social Networks and Status Attainment. Annual Review of Sociology,1999,(25), 66-75
[29]Yusheng Peng.Kinship Networks and Entrepreneurs in China's Transitional Economy.The American Journal of Sociology,2004,(109):1045-1074
[30]Seung Ho Park,Yadong Luo.Guanxi and organizational dynamics:Organizational networking in Chinese firms.Strtegic Management Journal,2001,(22):455-460
[31]Putnam R.D.The Prosperous Community-.Social Capital and Public Life.The Americal Prospect,1993,(4):13-18
[32]赵延东,罗家德.如何测量社会资本：一个经验研究综述[J].国外社会科学,2005,(2)：18～24
[33]赵延东.再就业中的社会资本：效用与局限[J].背景：社会学研究,2002,(4)
[34]刘林平.企业的社会资本：概念反思和测量途径——兼评边燕杰、丘海雄的《企业的社会资本及其功效》.社会学研究,2006,(2)：203～206
[35]厉以宁.论效率的双重基础.北京大学学报,1998,6：45～50
[36]郑胜利,陈国智.企业社会资本积累与企业竞争优势[J].生产力研究,2002,1：133～135
[37]房路生,顾颖,张晓宁.企业家社会资本与企业创业绩效关系——基于陕西省经验的实证分析[J].2010,4：114～119
[38]李永强,白璇,赵冬阳等.企业家社会资本对企业创新绩效的负面影响研究[J].2009
[39]刘兴国,周小虎.社会资本对企业营销的影响[J].经济管理,2008,30：32～35
[40]陈爱娟,常花,王小翠.企业家社会资本对企业绩效的实征研究——以浙江民营企业为例[J].2010,24(8)：113～116
[41]王前锋,于蕾.企业家社会资本对企业绩效的影响——以江苏省上市公司为例[J].企业战略.2010,5：9～14
[42]孙俊华,陈传明.企业家社会资本与公司绩效关系研究——基于中国制造业上市公司的实证研究[J].南开管理评论,2009(2)
[43]闫晋斐.企业家社会资本与企业成长关系研究[D].大连理工大学,2009
[44]石军伟,胡立君,付海艳.企业社会资本的功效结构：基于中国上市公司的实证研究[J].中国工业经济,2007,2：84～93
[45]Peng M. W.& Luo Y. Managerial Ties and Firm Performance in a Transition Economy:The Nature of a Micro-macro Link[J]. Academy of Management Journal,2000, (3)
[46]唐震.企业家个人社会资本与企业组织社会资本关系分析[J].特区经济,2006(3)：36-37
[47]赵延东.社会资本理论述评[J].国外社会科学,1998,(03)
[48]姚建华.企业家与团队企业家的含义探析[J].广东技术师范学院学报(社会科学),2009(3)：64～66
[49]张其仔.社会资本的投资策略与企业绩效[J].经济管理新管理,2004(16)：58～63
[50]宋德舜.国有控股、最高决策者与公司绩效[J].中国工业经济,2004,3：91～98
[51]顾新等.社会资本及其在知识链中的作用[J].科研管理,2003(2)
[52]张文宏.社会网络与会资本研究[O/L].中国社会学网,http://www.socioTogy.cass.cn/sh xw/zxwz/t20040915 2743.htm
[53]林南.社会资本——关于社会结构与行动的理论[D].上海人民出版社.2004
[54]秦琴.社会资本研究中的二元困境及其出路[J].长江论坛,2006(5)
[55]周红云.社会资本：布迪厄、科尔曼和帕特南的比较[J].经济社会体制比较2003,(4)
[56]邹国庆,高向飞.企业外部社会资本的测量及其功效——基于中国房地产开发和经营行业上市公司的实证研究[J].吉林大学社会科学学报.2008(3)
[57]惠朝旭.企业家社会资本：基于经济社会学基础上的解释范式[J].理论与改革,2004,(3)：117～120
[2]Seung Ho Park, Yadong Luo. Guanxi and organizational dynamies Organizational networking in Chinese firms[J]. Strategic Management Journal. Chiehester,2001,22(5): 455-460
[3]萨伊.政治经济学概论[M].北京：商务印书馆,1982
[4]马歇尔.经济学原理(上)[M].北京：商务印书馆,1964
[5]伊迪斯·彭罗斯.企业成长理论[M].上海人民出版社,2007
[6]约瑟夫·A·熊彼特.经济发展理论[M].北京：商务印书馆,1990
[7]殷洪玲.企业家社会资本对其创业能力的影响研究[D].吉林大学,2009
[8]吕福新.企业家的角色人格：对企业家的哲理思考[M].经济管理出版社,2001
[9]罗宾斯.管理学(第9版)[M].中国人民大学出版社,2009
[10]周小虎.企业家社会资本及其对企业绩效的作用[J]. 《安徽师范大学学报》.2002,3(1)：1～6
[11]周小虎.企业社会资本与持续竞争优势[J].中国工业经济.2004,5：90～96
[12]Coleman J. S. Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital [M]. Oxford University Press Inc,1997:80-95
[13]Robert Putnam. Making Democracy Work[J]. Princeton University Press,1993
[14]G.C.Loury. Intergenerational Transfers and the Distribution of Earnings Econometrica,1977
[15]宋德舜.国有控股、最高决策者与公司绩效[J].中国工业经济,2004,(3)：91-98
[16]李路路.社会资本与私营企业家[J].社会学研究,1995(6)
[17]林南.社会资本——关于社会结构与行动的理论[M].上海人民出版社,2005
[18]石印秀.中国企业家成功的社会网络基础[J].管理世界,1998(6)：187～196
[19]石军伟.企业社会资本的功效机构——基于中国上市公司的实证研究[J].中国工业经济,2007(2)
[20]陈传明,周小虎.关于企业家若干资本的思考[J[.经济学研究,2001,11：25～31
[21]Bourdieu, Pierre. The Forms of Capital In J C Richardson, Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Education, New York: Greenwood Press,1983
[22]Portes, Alejandro and Sensenbrenner Julia,1993, Embeddedness and Immigration: Notes on the Social Capital Determinants of Economic Action, A2m erican Journal of Sociology,1998: 1320-1350
[23]HansWestlund, Roger Bolton.Local Social Capital and Entrepreneurship, Small Business Economics, Dordrecht,2003, (21):77-123
[24]James, S. Coleman,1990, Foundations of Social Theory, Cambridge, MA:Belknap
[25]Baker, W. Market Networks and Corporate Behavior, American Journal of Sociology,1990, (96):589-625
[26]Burt, R. S. Structural Holes:The Social Structure of Competition. Cambridge, MA:Harvard University Press,1992,35-44
[27]王林雪,刘喜梅.企业家社会资本转化为企业成长绩效的过程机理研究[J].西安电子科技大学学报(社会科学版)2011,21(1)：20～24
[28]Lin Nan. Social Networks and Status Attainment. Annual Review of Sociology,1999,(25), 66-75
[29]Yusheng Peng.Kinship Networks and Entrepreneurs in China's Transitional Economy.The American Journal of Sociology,2004,(109):1045-1074
[30]Seung Ho Park,Yadong Luo.Guanxi and organizational dynamics:Organizational networking in Chinese firms.Strtegic Management Journal,2001,(22):455-460
[31]Putnam R.D.The Prosperous Community-.Social Capital and Public Life.The Americal Prospect,1993,(4):13-18
[32]赵延东,罗家德.如何测量社会资本：一个经验研究综述[J].国外社会科学,2005,(2)：18～24
[33]赵延东.再就业中的社会资本：效用与局限[J].背景：社会学研究,2002,(4)
[34]刘林平.企业的社会资本：概念反思和测量途径——兼评边燕杰、丘海雄的《企业的社会资本及其功效》.社会学研究,2006,(2)：203～206
[35]厉以宁.论效率的双重基础.北京大学学报,1998,6：45～50
[36]郑胜利,陈国智.企业社会资本积累与企业竞争优势[J].生产力研究,2002,1：133～135
[37]房路生,顾颖,张晓宁.企业家社会资本与企业创业绩效关系——基于陕西省经验的实证分析[J].2010,4：114～119
[38]李永强,白璇,赵冬阳等.企业家社会资本对企业创新绩效的负面影响研究[J].2009
[39]刘兴国,周小虎.社会资本对企业营销的影响[J].经济管理,2008,30：32～35
[40]陈爱娟,常花,王小翠.企业家社会资本对企业绩效的实征研究——以浙江民营企业为例[J].2010,24(8)：113～116
[41]王前锋,于蕾.企业家社会资本对企业绩效的影响——以江苏省上市公司为例[J].企业战略.2010,5：9～14
[42]孙俊华,陈传明.企业家社会资本与公司绩效关系研究——基于中国制造业上市公司的实证研究[J].南开管理评论,2009(2)
[43]闫晋斐.企业家社会资本与企业成长关系研究[D].大连理工大学,2009
[44]石军伟,胡立君,付海艳.企业社会资本的功效结构：基于中国上市公司的实证研究[J].中国工业经济,2007,2：84～93
[45]Peng M. W.& Luo Y. Managerial Ties and Firm Performance in a Transition Economy:The Nature of a Micro-macro Link[J]. Academy of Management Journal,2000, (3)
[46]唐震.企业家个人社会资本与企业组织社会资本关系分析[J].特区经济,2006(3)：36-37
[47]赵延东.社会资本理论述评[J].国外社会科学,1998,(03)
[48]姚建华.企业家与团队企业家的含义探析[J].广东技术师范学院学报(社会科学),2009(3)：64～66
[49]张其仔.社会资本的投资策略与企业绩效[J].经济管理新管理,2004(16)：58～63
[50]宋德舜.国有控股、最高决策者与公司绩效[J].中国工业经济,2004,3：91～98
[51]顾新等.社会资本及其在知识链中的作用[J].科研管理,2003(2)
[52]张文宏.社会网络与会资本研究[O/L].中国社会学网,http://www.socioTogy.cass.cn/sh xw/zxwz/t20040915 2743.htm
[53]林南.社会资本——关于社会结构与行动的理论[D].上海人民出版社.2004
[54]秦琴.社会资本研究中的二元困境及其出路[J].长江论坛,2006(5)
[55]周红云.社会资本：布迪厄、科尔曼和帕特南的比较[J].经济社会体制比较2003,(4)
[56]邹国庆,高向飞.企业外部社会资本的测量及其功效——基于中国房地产开发和经营行业上市公司的实证研究[J].吉林大学社会科学学报.2008(3)
[57]惠朝旭.企业家社会资本：基于经济社会学基础上的解释范式[J].理论与改革,2004,(3)：117～120